United Nations Mission in (UNMISS) Media & Spokesperson Unit Communications & Public Information Office MEDIA MONITORING REPORT

WEDNESDAY, 30 OCTOBER 2013 SOUTH SUDAN, SUDAN  Sudan's Misseriya to hold counter-referendum in Abyei (AllAfrica.com)  Flashpoint Abyei counts vote for Sudan or South Sudan future (Agence France Presse (AFP)  Abyei community says it was ―forced‖ to hold unilateral vote (Sudantribune.com) SOUTH SUDAN  South Sudan plans oil licence auction by year-end (Reuters/Oil Price)  South Sudan labels rebel leader Yau Yau a terrorist (Sudantribune.com)  MPs to quiz ministers over electricity situation at Juba hospital (Radio Miraya)  South Sudan: less than 50% accessing health care, says report (Sudantribune.com)  $5.4million grant for South Sudan water supply and sanitation (Radio Miraya)  N. Bahr el Ghazal governor rejects parliamentary changes (Sudantribune.com)  Lakes state speaker sworn in, calls for unity (Sudantribune.com)  Unity state legislative assembly endorses state budget (Sudantribune.com)  South Sudanese students in East Africa urged to unite (Gurtong.net)  Art for the Heart of Africa benefits South Sudan orphans (Borglobe)  EAC customs, visa deal - businesses want tax reforms (Voice of America) OTHER HEADLINES  Sudan is for all, peace will prevail next year: says defense minister (Sudanvisiodaily.com)  UN condemns killing of Tanzanian peacekeeper in DRC (Sudantribune.com)  Simple messages deliver dramatic results in tackling epidemic among refugees (unhcr.org/AllAfrica.com)  Central African Republic chaotic, half population needs help, U.N. says (Reuters)  UN official describes atrocities pitting Christians vs. Muslims in CAR (The Washington Post) OPINION/ANALYSIS/COMMENTARY/EDITORIAL  Is the Abyei issue another big blow and the beginning and the end of our president? (South Sudan News Agency)  Lawyers for democracy regret the decision of the supreme court on Pagan Amum‘s petition (South Sudan News Agency)  of Jonglei State, South Sudan: The Cause of David Yau Yau (South Sudan News Agency)  U.S. counter-terrorism in lieu of foreign policy: the case of Sudan (Sudantribune.com) LINKS TO STORIES FROM THE MORNING MEDIA MONITOR  Contested Abyei wraps up vote to join Sudan or South Sudan (Agence France-Presse)  Abyei, Sudan welcome UN-backed referendum in disputed region (Reuters)  Speaker of the National Assembly refers Media Bills to Information, Legislation Committee (Catholic Radio Network)  Visa at South Sudan border for Kenyans, Ugandans, Rwandans (Eye Radio)  Five children die in Juba Teaching Hospital, parliament to summon ministers (Catholic Radio Network)  Lakes State Speaker sworn in, calls for unity (Sudantribune.com)  Northern Bahr el Ghazal governor rejects parliamentary changes (Sudantribune.com)  Western State launches vehicle income tax (Anisa Radio)  authorities appreciate UN work (Emmanuel Radio)  South Sudan plans oil license auction (Reuters)

NOTE: Reproduction here does not mean that the UNMISS Communications & Public Information Office can vouch for the accuracy or veracity of the contents, nor does this report reflect the views of the United Nations Mission in South Sudan. Furthermore, international copyright exists on some materials and this summary should not be disseminated beyond the intended list of recipients.

Highlights

Sudan's Misseriya to hold counter-referendum in Abyei AllAfrica.com Khartoum, 29/10/2013 – The Misseriya tribe announced Tuesday, the organisation of a unilateral referendum to determine the fate of the disputed area of Abyei in riposte to the process organised by the Ngok Dinka who prepare to announce the results of their vote. The National Youth and Student Organisation for Abyei, a youth group composed by Misseriya and Ngok Dinka youth from the disputed region announced in a press conference held in the Sudanese capital Khartoum the organisation of a popular referendum on the future on the areas. The chairman of the group Mahmoud Abdel Karim said the vote will be open to all the resident of Abyei without excluding anyone, adding they invited regional and international organisations to monitor the process and mobilised volunteers to participate in the popular process. He further called on the Sudanese, South Sudanese governments, African Union and the United Nations to recognise the result of their referendum. The group's secretary general, Ggor Deng, denounced the ongoing vote in in the region organised by Abyei high referendum committee, adding they welcomed the outcome of the presidential summit in Juba and support the establishment of joint administration and legislative council in Abyei as well as the police force. (Back to Top)

Flashpoint Abyei counts vote for Sudan or South Sudan future Agence France Presse (AFP) Juba, 30/10/2013 – Counting began Wednesday in an unofficial referendum in the flashpoint Abyei region to decide if it lies in Sudan or South Sudan, observers said, amid African Union warnings the poll is a "threat to peace". "The laborious process of counting the number of ballots cast has begun," said Tim Flatman, an independent observer in the disputed district, calling the counting a "slow but very transparent process". The majority of 65,000 registered voters are believed to have cast their ballots in the three-day long poll which closed Tuesday evening. Results were expected later Wednesday or Thursday. (Back to Top)

Abyei community says it was “forced” to hold unilateral vote Sudantribune.com Juba, 29/10/2013 – Leaders from the disputed oil-producing region of Abyei, whose territorial ownership remains contested between Sudan and South Sudan, say ―they have been forced by inaction‖ by the African Union to hold a unilateral vote to decide whether to remain in Sudan or return to South Sudan. "As you are aware, the people of Abyei have been forced to conduct their own referendum as a result of inaction by the African Union Peace and Security Council (AUPSC) to implement the African Union High-Level Implementation Panel (AUHIP) proposal on the final status of Abyei, including the conduct of a referendum in October 2013", said Deng Alor, the head of the Abyei high referendum committee Alor said the three-day community vote got underway on Sunday and is expected to end on Tuesday, stressing that the exercise was being conducted in a peaceful environment. ―I am delighted to share with you that the Abyei area community referendum has been conducted by an independent and credible commission with a high level of good organisation, transparency and in a peaceful environment‖, he said in a statement obtained by Sudan Tribune on Tuesday.

2 ―The women and youth of Abyei have volunteered to assist in organising a peaceful referendum in accordance with internationally accepted standards, Abyei Protocol, the ruling of the Hague International Border Court of Arbitration and the AUHIP proposal on the final status of Abyei‖, the statement adds. The statement which is dated 28 October explained that security during the vote was being provided by an Abyei women‘s organisation called Pion Tok (One Heart) in collaboration with community police. (Back to Top)

South Sudan plans oil license auction by year-end Reuters/Oil Price Nairobi, 29/10/2013 – South Sudan plans to auction licenses for a yet-to-be determined number of new petroleum exploration blocks once it has finished mapping them, a senior energy ministry official said on Tuesday. "We are now working on a concession map, and this will lead us to the initiation of the licensing for the new annexed blocks, and we are hoping that by the end of this year that we will have a licensing round," Mohamed Lino Benjamin, director general of petroleum at the petroleum and mining ministry, told a regional east African oil and gas conference. Exploration licence auctions are not always awarded to the highest bidder, as other factors such as technical expertise are taken into account. At a regional summit in Kigali on Monday, South Sudan said it was keen to discuss a plan that would also include and to build a pipeline from the countries' respective oilfields to a new port being developed on Kenya's northern coast, enabling crude exports and boosting its oil industry. The pipeline to Kenya's Lamu port, where work on berths is starting, would also provide a route to export crude oil from South Sudan, which now relies on a pipeline through its northern neighbour Sudan. The new route would avoid the rows between the two that have disrupted flows. The $25.5 billion Lamu project would link landlocked South Sudan and Ethiopia to the Indian Ocean port of Lamu by constructing a major highway, a railway and an oil pipeline. (Back to Top)

South Sudan labels rebel leader Yau Yau a terrorist Sudantribune.com Bor, 29/10/2013 – South Sudan‘s ministry of foreign affairs ministry has labeled Jonglei-based rebel leader David Yau Yau a terrorist and requested the international community to charge him for war crimes. In a statement broadcast on the government-owned radio Tuesday, the ministry‘s spokesman, Mawien Makol asked for international support to deal with the rebel group that has caused widespread instability in Pibor and surrounding counties. ―South Sudan therefore calls on the international community to live up to its obligations and declare David Yau Yau as [a] war criminal‖, Makol said. But the country‘s foreign minister, in a separate interview, said his government remains committed to peace processes in line with the presidential amnesty granted to the rebels, sharply contradicting statements made by the ministry‘s spokesperson. "No, that is not the stand of the government. The peace talk with Yau Yau will go [on] as planned. The presidential amnesty is still holding, we have not labeled him [Yau Yau] as a terrorist", Barnaba Marial Benjamin told Sudan Tribune by phone from the Rwandan capital, Kigali. Yau Yau‘s forces have been blamed for numerous attacks on civilians since he first rebelled against the government after losing his bid to become a Jonglei state MP in April 2010. He accused the government of rigging the elections, later joining forces with late George Athor Deng who began a rebellion in Jonglei‘s Pigi County the same year. (Back to Top)

3 MPs to quiz ministers over electricity situation at Juba hospital Radio Miraya, 29/10/2013 – The Ministers of Health, Electricity and Finance are expected to appear before the National Legislative to answer questions related to electricity irregularities in Juba Teaching Hospital. An MP representing Maridi County, Justin Joseph Maron, told parliament on Tuesday that five children have died in two days due to lack of electricity to run the hospital's equipment. Speaking with Radio Miraya, the MP said the deaths were highlighted in a medical report. ―According to the doctor, 5 children passed away due to lack of electricity to run the equipment and without power I think it is difficult for the doctors to help this situation,‖ he said. ―The development partners need to intervene to help the hospital address issues of emergency in order to save the lives of our people.‖ The MPs have not set a date for the ministers to respond but maintained that the 3 Ministers should appear and give clarity on the situation at the hospital. In another development, the MPs have terminated a debate on the workers trade union federation bill after its third reading. The bill has been referred back to the committee of Labor and Public Service for further scrutiny. The bill is expected to be presented back to the house next week. (Back to Top)

South Sudan: less than 50% accessing health care, says report Sudantribune.com Juba, 29/10/2013 – Less than 50 percent of the South Sudanese populations have access to health care services, an indication the young nation has one of the lowest health pointers in the world, an agency said. The young nation, the International Organisation for Migration (IOM) said, only had 1.5 medical doctors and two nurses for every 100,000 patients, which is reportedly far below the World Health Organisation (WHO)-recommended standard of 250 health workers per 100,000 people. The revelation emerged at the end of a two-day workshop IOM organised for various stakeholders in the South Sudan capital, Juba on the country‘s human health status. "It [workshop] aimed to identify South Sudanese in the Diaspora with health skills, seeking to explore ways for involving them, both individually and through associations, in the transfer of knowledge and skills to the country‘s health care system, specifically health training institutes and medical college", IOM‘s Christiane Berthiaume told a United Nations briefing on Monday. ―Through the initiative, IOM provided technical support to the Government of South Sudan to develop a national Diaspora engagement strategy for the health sector‖, she stressed. Worrying Trends South Sudan currently has one of the highest maternal mortality rates in the world, estimated at 2,054 per 100,000 live births, according to statistics from the UN Population Fund (UNFPA). Also, of the 46.7% of pregnant women who attend at least one antenatal care, only 14% are reportedly attended to by a trained health worker. Meanwhile, infant mortality rate in the country is reportedly at 105 per 1000 children born alive, with pneumonia, diarrheal diseases and malnutrition cited as major causes. (Back to Top)

$5.4million grant for South Sudan water supply and sanitation Radio Miraya, 29/10/2013 – The African Development Bank (ADB) group has approved $5.4 million (USD) grant for improvement of water supply and sanitation in South Sudan. The money will be used to finance a study for water supply and sanitation infrastructure in 11 small and medium sized towns across the country.

4 The study is expected to benefit 170,000 people and will be completed in 2015. The 11 towns targeted for the study include Fangak, Mbili, Leer, Ayod, Gokmachar, Terekeka, among others. (Back to Top)

N. Bahr el Ghazal governor rejects parliamentary changes Sudantribune.com Juba, 29/10/2013 – The governor of Northern Bahr el Ghazal Paul Malong Awan has rejected changes in the state‘s parliamentary committees, leading to some politicians describing him as a "a dictator" and his leadership "divisive". Awan was reacting to changes in which the house on Thursday 24 October, decided to remove four heads of specialised committees from their positions on the grounds that their constituencies are already represented at other levels of governments. The affected members included Majang Ngor Kuany, head of information and public relations committee, Deng Ayom, head of physical infrastructure, Garang Zachariah Lual, finance and economic planning committee and Garang Majak Bol from legal and human right affairs. While the removal of the other three officials was necessitated by the geographical representation in accordance to article 12 (2) of the state‘s transitional constitution, the inclusion of Bol was grounded on resignation to contest the seat of the deputy speaker. Members recommended by constituents in their counties to fill these positions included Santino Mayuat for physical infrastructure, Angok Achuol, for information and public relations, Isaac Makau, finance and economic planning and Garang Mawien, legal and human right affairs. But Governor Awan on 28 October said it was not right to appoint "two independent candidates" into the leadership positions in the house warning that he may not recognise the parliament‘s decision. "Go to your counties and sit down as community to decide. Consult amongst yourselves and see if those who have been removed could be returned, especially Majang Ngor", a lawmaker quoted Awan as saying at the meeting on Monday with parliamentary group from his Sudan People‘s Liberation Movement (SPLM), soon after returning to the state from South Sudan‘s capital, Juba. But legislators, who asked not to be identified, said decision of the governor was "unconstitutional and divisive", claiming it lacks legitimacy to reverse decision of the house. "Under article 89 of the state constitution, the decision of the house cannot be challenged by anybody. It is final and binding on anybody. It cannot be reversed unjustifiably", said one Member of Parliament, explaining that the decision of the house constitutional. "The resolution was compatible to the state constitution. It was under article 12 sub article two of the state transitional constitution, which underlines the need for fair political representation of our constituencies at any level of government, that the members unanimously last week on Thursday 24 [October], decided to make changes in four committees. These changes were approved by the governor himself when the speaker went to consult him. He [Governor Awan] told the speaker that it was the right of the members to introduce changes at the level of committee anytime they want, provided that such changes are peaceful‖, a legislator quoted Awan as saying at a meeting with the speaker last week in Aweil, the state capital. Divisive Despotic Attitudes The MP accused Awan of possessing divisive attitudes and resorting to dictatorial means when his actions are challenged with constitutional provisions and the normal administrative procedures. "It is because someone was elected to represent the people, otherwise I would not have served in this government. If I were not elected by my people, I would simply have left this government just like Tong Akeen had done", said the member of parliament, referring to the

5 minister of health who refused to be part of the state administration, citing lack of alternative views. "There are people like the minister of parliamentary affairs, Ernest Mangok, who see the governor as their God. They are the people who have spoilt him to the extent that he does not see any logic when they call him with all the flattery names, which is the work of the opportunists. They have stopped using official title and instead started calling him King Paul, just to please him. These are the people who went to him and said those the house has nominated into the parliamentary positions are those who will work against him. They lied to the governor that the new team will work to return ex-speaker Aguer Wol Aguer‖, explained the lawmaker. Governor Awan has repeatedly run into controversies with the house over his involvement in Northern Bahr el Ghazal‘s parliamentary affairs, despite constitutional provisions defining and demarcating powers between the two institutions. (Back to Top)

Lakes state speaker sworn in, calls for unity Sudantribune.com Rumbek, 29/10/2013 – The newly elected speaker of South Sudan‘s Lakes state assembly on Monday took oath with calls for unity among fellow lawmakers in the region. Baipath Majuec Rielpou was unanimously elected last week after a caucus of the governing party (SPLM) members forced his predecessor, John Marik Makur to resign over series of accusations. ―I will work for better understanding between lawmakers and [the] executive to build better state for understanding and cooperation‖, said the new speaker. Cooperation between [the] three strong state pillars, composed [of] parliament, [the] judiciary and executive will let [the] state move forward to a better state of development and fair justice, he added. Majuec, who hails from Cueibet County, also vowed to bridge the ongoing rift between the assembly and the executive which, according to many, was the sole reason for the ex-speaker‘s woes. ―I will try to work in harmony with assembly. I will not interfere into their affairs. I am there to lead the assembly and to give every chance to every member to say what is right because it is democratic country and this is why Parliament is there,‖ he stressed. NEW TWISTS Meanwhile, Marial Amuom Malek, who was initially elected by the caucus at the new speaker, could not take oath after the state governor allegedly rejected his bid to steer the lawmaking body. ―The military caretaker Maj-Gen Matur Chut Dhuol and SPLM chairperson Daniel Awet Akot did not like Marial Amuom Malek to become speaker because he has been very critically looking into caretaker governor‘s system,‖ said a lawmaker, who preferred anonymity. It still remains unclear why the caucus, which initially endorsed Amuom as speaker, opted for another candidate despite the latter getting 28 votes out of about 40 cast. (Back to Top)

Unity state legislative assembly endorses state budget Sudantribune.com Bentiu, 29/10/2013 – Lawmakers in South Sudan‘s Unity state have endorsed the state budget of 2.38 million South Sudanese pounds for the 2013/2014 financial year after it was discussed on Friday by state‘s council of ministers. Tuesday‘s sitting, chaired by James Nguany Chakuoth the speaker of the house, was the fifth time the state parliament had discussed the budge.

6 Weitui Lony Babuoth, Unity state‘s minister of finance and trade said the state used to receive 97.2% of its budget from central government in Juba as well receiving 2.8% of the revenue from oil exported from the state. "This fiscal year, the counties conditional capital transfers from the Republic of South Sudan have been increased to 10,299,650 SSP from its initial level of 4,968,627 between 2012 and 2013‖, Babuoth said. The state minister added that a new block of transfers to Unity state‘s county‘s worth 4,845,180 SSP have been introduced. Each county will receive an amount proportional to its populations, the finance minister told Sudan Tribune. However minister Babuoth said that the new state budget will help to boost social services and economic growth. (Back to Top)

South Sudanese students in East Africa urged to unite Gurtong.net, 30/10/2013 – South Sudanese students studying in East Africa region have been urged to be focused and stay united. Yei County Commissioner Juma David Augustine addressed the press after returning from Arua District in Uganda on Tuesday where he told the students to be focused, promote higher moral standard and concentrate on their studies. He added the students should continue to live in peace and harmony despite there are some Equatorian students and other students from other regions existing in East Africa, the students must learn to co-exist in peace and harmony. Juma also urged the Greater Equatoria Students‘ leadership to spearhead the discipline among the students in East Africa in order to prepare them as responsible future leaders when they complete their studies and return home. There are thousands of South Sudanese Students pursuing their primary, secondary and high education in various schools and Institutions of high learning in East Africa. (Back to Top)

Art for the Heart of Africa benefits South Sudan orphans Borglobe, 29/10/2013 – A local church is helping orphans around the globe, with assistance from the community. The vineyard church raised $32,000 dollars with their Art for the Heart of Africa‖ event last year, which they used to help 121 orphans in South Sudan. At the event, they auction art from local artists as well as the orphans in South Sudan. Kathy Smarrella, who has gone to the orphanage each of the past four years, says it‘s always difficult to leave. ―I know the children and they know me,‖ she says. ―You get to see them grow up. I feel like they are my children.‖ She says the reward is seeing how even adding color to their lives makes a difference. Art for the Heart of Africa begins at 6:30 Friday night at the Vineyard Church in Mishawaka. The following is a statement about the charity, prepared by Vineyard Church: The Vineyard Church is hosting the fifth annual ―Art for the Heart of Africa‖ benefit on Friday, November 1, from 6:30pm – 9:00pm; an evening devoted to honoring God‘s gift of artistry through music, art, and a benefit auction. The semi-formal event will feature art works from local and regional artists, as well as items from the children of South Sudan. The benefit supports the New Generation Dreamland Children‘s Home (an orphanage in Yei, South Sudan) as it strives to feed, educate and show love to their 120 children orphaned by war, poverty and famine. Every dollar raised will go directly to support this orphanage. In the last four years, the benefit has raised more than $94,000. With these funds, the Vineyard Church has been able to put a roof on the school of the Dreamland Children‘s Home; begin

7 Operation Joseph, a 25-acre farm; build a dormitory with enough room for 100 children, as well as bathrooms and showers; build and staff a children‘s medical clinic; and purchase a dump truck used for transportation for the Operation Joseph Farm and for the children‘s home. Additional funds have been used to supplement the children‘s‘ diet with protein. This year, our goal is to raise $20,000 to provide running water on the campus of the children‘s home, which includes digging a well, a water pump and tower, installing solar panels, and running water lines to various locations on the campus. A team of six men and women from The Vineyard Church just returned from South Sudan recently. The team offered medical and educational assistance to the people of South Sudan and completed an art project with the children from Dreamland which will be featured in the auction. In addition to the children‘s art, the benefit will feature the work of many local and regional artists including: Joel Schoon Tanis, Matt Cashore, Harold Zisla, Maria Winston, Bill Jensen, Ben Roseland, Chuck Strantz, Cathy McKormick, and many, many others. Items will be sold through silent and live auctions throughout the evening of the event. ―Art is one of the ways that God uses to express his creativity and beauty,‖ said Clint Schwartz, Associate Pastor at The Vineyard Church, ―and this event is a unique opportunity for artists in our local community to dramatically improve the lives of children on the other side of our world using their God-given talents.‖ (Back to Top)

S. Sudan in Brief: EAC customs, visa deal - businesses want tax reforms Voice of America, 29/10/2013 – South Sudan has reached agreements with East African Community (EAC) member states Kenya, Rwanda and Uganda to standardize customs duties and waive visa fees, officials said at a summit meeting in Kigali this week. South Sudanese President Salva Kiir said he hopes the agreement will lead to South Sudan being accepted into the EAC, a regional economic organization in sub-Saharan Africa that has made strides in recent years toward integrating the economies of its member states, which also include Burundi and Tanzania. The EAC has established a free trade area and a customs union, and is working toward a common market. South Sudan‘s application to join the regional organization is due to be discussed in November at an EAC meeting in Arusha, Tanzania. - Mugume Davis Rwakaringi Streamline Taxes to Attract Investors, S. Sudan Business Leaders Said. South Sudanese business leaders called at a two-day forum in Juba for the government to take steps to improve the business climate in the country and attract investors. ―There are immense challenges, starting from the infrastructure... But basically right now our immediate challenges are to do with tax policies. We need to streamline our tax policies," said Simon Akuei-Eng, secretary general of the South Sudan Chamber of Commerce. Business owners have difficulties determining how much tax they need to pay to the central government. Paying the wrong amount leaves them open to unexpected fees and penalties. The forum gathered more than 50 business leaders and government officials, including Vice President James Wani Igga, in a hotel in Juba for the forum organized by the South Sudan Business Forum. Key items on the agenda were tax reforms, insecurity and lack of access to loans for small business owners. Wani said the government is committed to fighting "all forms of insecurity" as well as corruption. Deputy Finance Minister Mary Jarvis Yak, who was also at the meeting, said the government "will continue to implement positive interventions to improve South Sudan‘s business climate so as to truly undergo structural changes for economic transformation." - Lucy Poni (Back to Top)

The Country is for all, peace will prevail next year: says defense minister

8 Sudanvisiodaily.com Khartoum, 29/10/2013 – Minister of Defence Lt. General (Eng.) Abdul Rahim Mohamed Hussein said next year will be free from military conflicts, and peace will prevail. Hussein, in his address yesterday at the graduation ceremony of Karari Military Colleague students which was attended by President of the Republic, Field Marshal Omer Al Bashir, said the opening of Karari Military College was the dynamic force behind the military, scientific and technological development of the armed forces, opening new horizons they did not experience before. He added that the country could accommodate all, and that the majority of rebel movements positively responded to peace except few ones, a position which led the armed forces to be on the alert to defend the sacred makings of the nation. It is to be noted that batches graduated were specialized in military sciences, engineering, naval studies, aviation sciences, security and intelligence, in addition to upgrading, with 60 graduates from the Republic of Libya. (Back to Top)

UN condemns killing of Tanzanian peacekeeper in DRC Sudantribune.com New York, 29/10/2013 – The United Nations Security Council has condemned the killing of a Tanzanian UN peace keeper in eastern Democratic Republic of Congo (DRC). ‗‗The members of the Security Council condemned in the strongest terms the attacks by M23 rebel group against the United Nations Organization Stabilization Mission (MONUSCO) in North Kivu in eastern Democratic Republic of the Congo, killing one Tanzanian peacekeeper,‘‘ the security council said in a statement on Monday. The peace keeper, part of the United Nations Organisation Stabilization Mission in Democratic Republic of Congo (MONUSCO), was killed on Saturday while protecting civilians, according to Martin Kobler, head of MONUSCO. In the statement, members of the Security Council reiterated their ‗‗full support‘‘ for MONUSCO and called on the rebels and the government to cooperate with the mission. The United States on Monday warned that renewed violence in the volatile Kivu region in eastern Congo could drag neighbouring countries into the conflict and urged M23 and the government to resume peace talks. The DRC government has said it has retaken most of the towns from the M23 and pushed the rebels towards the Rwanda border. The rebels say they pulled out of the towns into the mountains from where it is suspected they plan to launch more attacks on positions of the Congolese army. The UN has a 3,000-strong intervention brigade in DRC with a mandate to use force against the rebels and to protect the civilian population. (Back to Top)

Simple messages deliver dramatic results in tackling epidemic among refugees UNHCR.org/AllAfrica.com Bunj, 29/10/2013 – In the Yusuf Batil in South Sudan where the number of new infections of the liver disease hepatitis E was once regularly between 200 and 500 hundred a week, public health efforts by the UN refugee agency and its partners have reduced the spread of the illness to four or fewer weekly cases. The outbreak of the disease coincided with a new wave of refugee arrivals from Sudan's Blue Nile state during the summer of 2012. Hepatitis E, which is linked to poor hygiene and sanitary conditions, is transmitted through unwashed hands and water and food contaminated by fecal matter. As a first response, UNHCR and humanitarian agencies re-doubled their efforts to provide sufficient levels of safe drinking water as well as an adequate number of latrines equipped with hand washing stands.

9 "Today, water access for refugees across all camps is at 22 liters per person which means sufficient quantities of water to cover an individual's daily personal and domestic needs," says Adan Ilmi, UNHCR's head of office in Maban. "Similarly, latrine coverage is one latrine for every 17 persons." In order to ensure that the sanitations facilities were properly used and hygienic practices were adopted, a comprehensive public awareness and education strategy was immediately implemented in the areas' four refugee camps. At the centre of their efforts, community health workers and hygiene promoters taught the refugees about the importance of hand washing. Frequent demonstrations on the use of soap or ash have been supported by the regular distribution of soap blocks, the monitoring of latrines for cleanliness, and the promotion of latrine use and the avoidance of open defecation. Doro is Maban Country's most populous refugee settlement with 46,600 inhabitants. It is congested and during the rainy season prone to flooding that can render latrines in certain areas of the camp unusable. While the reconstruction and rehabilitation of some of these latrines is ongoing to stem the transmission of hepatitis E and other water borne diseases, UNHCR is also working on a strategy to remove and relocate over 10,000 refugees from Doro's flood prone areas. The transmission rate of hepatitis E in Doro peaked last summer at between 50 to 80 new cases weekly. Today, as a result of the rigorous hygiene campaign, the number of new cases now averages 16 individuals a week. "Now that the messages on good hygiene practices have been disseminated and understood, agencies are working to ensure that things like hand washing become second nature and a daily part of refugees' lives," says Evalyne Nyasani, a water sanitation and health (WASH) specialist with UNICEF, a sister UN agency working with UNHCR to provide support on response mechanisms in refugee situations. Behaviour change has been one of the major challenges faced by health workers in Maban's refugee camps, says Nyasani. Misuse of prescribed treatments, the preference for traditional remedies over conventional medicines and deeply rooted cultural practices have all made efforts to tackle the disease more difficult. "We have understood the messages from the agencies but some of the communities still believe that hepatitis E is from God," says thirty year-old Asha Osman who lives in the Doro camp. "Because of this they don't always take the information seriously, claiming that God will stop the disease." Though the incidence of hepatitis E is now dramatically reduced, the efforts of UNHCR and its partners to promote good hygiene continue. Refugees will not just be the recipients of the messages on sanitation, says UNHCR's Ilmi, they will also be active contributors to their dissemination. "Refugees now have a better understanding of the fact that their hands are vehicles for transmitting good or bad health outcomes," he says. "Hand washing is a small but essential practice that will prevent them from contracting hepatitis E and other illnesses, but ultimately the decision to do it rests with them." As of this month, more than 11,000 cases of hepatitis E cases have been recorded in Maban's refugee camps with 241 people having died as a result of the infection. (Back to Top)

Central African Republic chaotic, half population needs help, U.N. says Reuters, 30/10/2013 – The U.N. Security Council gave the go-ahead on Tuesday for troops to be sent to Central African Republic to protect a U.N. political mission in the virtually lawless country where a senior aid official said half the population needs help. The landlocked, mineral-rich nation of 4.6 million people has slipped into chaos since northern Seleka rebels seized the capital, Bangui, and ousted President Francois Bozize in March. U.N. officials and rights groups say both sides may have committed war crimes.

10 "This has long been a forgotten crisis, and now the situation with the breakdown in law and order, the takeover ... by the armed groups means the situation in the country is quite chaotic," said John Ging, director of operations for the U.N. Office for the Coordination of Humanitarian Affairs. "Over half of the populations of this country are in need of humanitarian assistance," he said. "But the number one issue today is protection, and the atrocities that are being committed against the civilian population are indescribable." Ging, who recently spent three days in Central African Republic, said armed groups are inciting Christian and Muslim communities against each other and instilling widespread fear. He said crimes have included mutilation, rape and torture. "We are very, very concerned about what is happening now in terms of the attacks on communities and what that will then mean in terms of inter-communal tensions and the prospects for more violence," he said. Central African Republic is rich in gold, diamonds and uranium, but decades of instability and the spillover from conflicts in its larger neighbours have left the country mired in cycles of crises. Peacekeeping Force The 15-member U.N. Security Council adopted a resolution this month urging the United Nations to consider establishing a full-fledged peacekeeping force. It also asked U.N. Secretary-General Ban Ki-moon for plans for a guard force to protect the U.N. Integrated Peace building Office, known as BINUCA. The council on Tuesday approved a proposal by Ban to send 250 military personnel to the capital Bangui and then increase the strength of the force to 560 troops so they can deploy to areas outside the capital where there is a U.N. presence. Given the urgency of the situation, Ban suggested that as an interim measure the initial 250 troops could be temporarily redeployed from another U.N. peacekeeping operation. The guards would provide perimeter security and access control. The African Union plans to deploy a 3,600-member peacekeeping mission in the country - known as MISCA. Incorporating a regional force of 1,100 soldiers already on the ground, it is unlikely to be operational before 2014. Some Western diplomats say the situation in Central African Republic is too fragile to permit the deployment of a U.N. peacekeeping force in the foreseeable future. France, which intervened this year to oust Islamist rebels from another of its former colonies, Mali, has been reluctant to get directly involved. It has urged African nations and the African Union to do their utmost to resolve the crisis. France has a small force in Bangui securing the airport and its local interests. French diplomatic sources have said France would be ready to provide logistical support and increase its troop numbers to between 700 and 1,200 if needed. The Security Council will hold an informal meeting on Friday, organized by France and Rwanda, to discuss the human rights and humanitarian situation in Central African Republic. (Back to Top)

UN official describes atrocities pitting Christians vs. Muslims in CAR The Washington Post United Nations, 29/10/2013 – Indescribable atrocities are being committed against innocent civilians in the collapsing Central African Republic (CAR) where Muslim and Christian fighters have started attacking each other‘s followers, a top U.N. humanitarian official said Tuesday.

11 John Ging said the new religious dimension to the conflict in the multiethnic country has instilled ―incredible fear‖ among civilians and ―is inciting both communities against each other.‖ ―We are seeing the seeds of a profoundly dangerous development between communities,‖ the director of U.N. humanitarian operations said. ―It‘s a tinderbox that can ignite into something very, very big and very, very bad.‖ Ging appealed to community and religious leaders to be very careful in what they say to avoid adding to the incitement. ―The situation is fast-moving ... and that‘s why we want to see (it) ... brought under control very, very quickly rather than let it run out of control which it is at the moment,‖ he said. One of the world‘s poorest countries with a long history of chaos and coups, Central African Republic has been in turmoil since a coalition of rebel groups joined forces to overthrow the president in March and put their leader in charge. Since seizing power, the rebels have plunged the country into a state of near-anarchy. They have also been accused by human rights groups of committing scores of atrocities, of widespread looting, killings, rapes and conscription of child soldiers. Ging, who recently returned from a visit to the beleaguered country, said over half the country‘s 4.6 million people need humanitarian assistance, including food, water and sanitation. ―The scale of humanitarian suffering is among the worst in the world - and it‘s getting worse,‖ he said. Ging said the transitional government has good intentions but doesn‘t have the means or resources to bring the situation under control ―and that‘s why the international community has to step in in a very large way to help.‖ ―The number one issue today is protection, and the atrocities that are being committed against the civilian population are indescribable,‖ Ging said, citing reports of mutilations, rapes and torture. On Oct. 10, the U.N. Security Council unanimously backed a new African Union peacekeeping force and demanded swift implementation of a political transition leading to free and fair elections in less than 18 months. The council said it intends to consider options to support the AU force, which was established in July and has about 1,900 troops. Central African Republic borders some of the most tumultuous countries on the continent including Congo and Sudan, and some diplomats have expressed concern that even at full strength of 3,600 troops the AU force would not be large enough to deploy beyond key cities to rural areas where there is also great instability. (Back to Top)

Is the Abyei issue another big blow and the beginning and the end of our president? South Sudan News Agency, 29/10/2013 – Salva Kiir, the president of South Sudan, is not a strategic leader, but a one way thinker. Look, in July this year, president Kiir dismissed his entire cabinet including his long time vice president, Dr. Riek Machar, in a move which was seen by many as a wrong and uncalculated decision. In the same month, the president has also ordered his legal team to investigate the SPLM secretary general, Mr. Pagan Amum, who had been one of the vocal challengers of some of the Kiir‘s decisions including his suspensions of the two cabinet ministers. Back in 2012, the president Kiir has ordered the SPLA army in an attempt to crush David Yau Yau, militarily, but last month the same Salva has ordered the arrest of SPLA generals who participated in the military operation in Jonglei State.

12 Another move which generates a lot of questions to the leadership of Kiir is that two weeks ago president Kiir has graduated about 3,000 soldiers whom he recruited illegally from his tribal men without notifying his General Chief of Staff James Hoth Mai. Ever since the president sacked his entire cabinet, the government is seems to be partially functioning. However, it is not surprising that the current government is not functioning well because almost all the important members of the SPLM including the former vice president who were working tirelessly are being left out. The worse scenario however, is that president Kiir and his cabinet do not only seem to be reluctance in the case of Abyei, but last week the government of South Sudan has made it clear that it is not supporting the referendum of Abyei to go ahead even though it was legally scheduled. Despite the opposition of both Sudan and South Sudan governments, the residents of Abyei including some senior members of SPLM have decided to go ahead with the referendum unilaterally. So, the question now is what would happen if the Sudan government decided to militarily stop the people of Abyei from going forward with the referendum? Would president kiir take our people back to war with Sudan? Or he would just take a back seat and watch the people of Abyei dying? With all these problems our president put himself in every minute, I would like to conclude that our president‘s days in the office are numbered, unless the president change this old leadership style into ―bureaucratic leadership.‖, That is to focus only on policy and procedures and seek to keep things blond and well-organized. (Back to Top) The author is a South Sudanese living in Diaspora, and he can be reached at [email protected] This e-mail address is being protected from spambots. You need JavaScript enabled to view it

Lawyers for democracy regret the decision of the supreme court on Pagan Amum’s petition South Sudan News Agency Juba, 29/10/2013 – Today is a sad day in the history of Justice in South Sudan, the Supreme Court, the highest Court in the land acted in fear and favor and issued a decision on 28 October 2013 dismissing the Constitutional Petition field on the 7 of August 2013 by Mr. Pagan Amum against the Chairman of the SPLM Salva Kiir for violation of the Transitional Constitution of the Republic of South Sudan 2011. It is worth mentioning that God created the universe in (7) days, while this petition took more than two months for it to be dismissed summarily by the Supreme Court of President Kiir. Justice Chan Rec and Justice Ruben Madol were advice by Kiir not to eat the fruits of truth tree to avoid dismissal. The Lawyers for Democracy in South Sudan regrets that the learned Justices of the Supreme Court dismissed the petition on the ground that the petitioner hasn‘t exhausted all the remedies available to him. Where in South Sudan, any citizen can appeal against a decision on infringement of Civil Rights taken by President Kiir? If not the Supreme Court asked the LDSS. Today Judgment explain to the people of South Sudan why President Kiir continue to violate the Constitution of South Sudan and Human Rights of its citizens with impunity, why there is no separation of powers in South Sudan, the reason is that the Supreme Court being the custodian of the Constitution doesn‘t understand the meaning of the Civil Rights within the context of a sovereign State. It is a Judicial notice that the Political Parties Act 2012 is not functional in the absent of the Political Parties Council. How can a sober citizen seek remedy from an agency of government that doesn‘t exist? Do these members of the Supreme Court reside in South Sudan? How can a Party that isn‘t yet registered prescribe to the Political Parties Act 2012? As with most legal doctrines, there are exceptions to the exhaustion-of-remedies requirement. A party bringing a Civil Rights action under the Bill of Rights is not required to exhaust any remedies before filing suit in the Supreme Court.

13 In Patsy v. Board of Regents, 457 U.S. 496, 102 S. Ct. 2557, 73 L. Ed. 2d 172 (1982), the Supreme Court held that the plaintiff—who claimed she was denied employment by a state university because of her race and her sex—was not required to exhaust her state administrative remedies before filing her suit in federal court, because such a requirement would be inconsistent with congressional intent in passing civil rights legislation. (Back to Top) Lawyers for Democracy in South Sudan (LDSS) Juba, Republic of South Sudan

Joseph Kony of Jonglei State, South Sudan: The Cause of David Yau Yau South Sudan News Agency, 29/10/2013 – In geology, uniformitarianism is the assumption that the same natural laws and processes that operate in the universe now have always operated in the universe in the past and apply everywhere in the universe. It has included the concept that "the present is the key to the past" and is functioning at the same rates. This concept has been a key principle of geology and virtually all fields of science. One might ask what is this author is talking about? Please, bear with me and read between the lines. If David Yau Yau‘s action in State of Jonglei in South Sudan is not Joseph Kony‘s action in Northern Provence in Uganda then the theory of uniformitarianism in geology is invalid. Below is an explanation why I believe that ―the present is the key to the past.‖ Historically, Joseph Kony‘s revolution came into an existence with ideology of preventing Uganda‘s People Defend Force (UPDF) from taking control of the nation‘s power, and to protect the interest of the . When it was defeated by UPDF, they resorted into human right abuses via rapping, looting properties, killing of elderly, women, and kids and causing other atrocities in the area. The above mentions are also true with case of Yau Yau in Jonglei State. He angered against the SPLM after 2010 election‘s results. He formed a revolution; thinking will stop the SPLM from ruling the nation. He also, thought that he will be the saver of his Murle community like Kony with Acholi community in Northern Uganda. As a result his failure led to destabilized and terrorized the entire State causing human right abuses similar to ones done by Kony in Uganda in last three decade. The present is the key to the past. Not only that, Kony was an altar boy for several years but stopped attending church around the age of 15 and also dropped out of school. On the side of the aisle, Yau Yau dropped out of formal education system and joined seminary thinking of becoming an evangelist and eventually an evangelist became a murder. He was following the lead of Mr. Kony. The present is the key to the past. I hope I did not forget to mention that Kony‘s action caused 100,000 plus lives (apart from the lives in neighboring countries such as Democratic Republic Congo, Central Africa Republic, and the Republic of South Sudan), and 1.7 internal displaced people. On the other side of a coin, Yau Yau‘s action culminated into ten of thousand lives lost and hundreds of thousands internal displaced people since 2010. Chances are very high that his action will overspill into Kenya and Ethiopia in near future as Kony did in RSS, CAR, and DRC. The present is the key to the past. Do not forget that, Kony‘s action has dearly caused a strong imbalance in the level of development and investment between Eastern & Northern Uganda on the one side, and Central & Western Uganda. This is not far away from the truth in Jonglei State due to Yau Yau‘s action. Currently, the communities of Jonglei State do not practice farming the way they used to farmed, leave alone the investors going to where has been known as dead zone, grave yard, playing field of vultures, and the valley of dry bones. The present is the key to the past. Up to this juncture if you did not get where I‘m going with this type-scribes then I think you are lost, you need to go back to beginning and start reading through it once more. No Kidding, I think by now the common sense dictated the answer. Inclusion, with no further ado, the aim of this article is to let the national and international communities to be aware that there is no different between a big evil and small evil, they are all evil at the end of the day. Therefore, seeing the comparison between Kony and Yau Yau trance of human live abuses in those societies mention and the path which they are following, I‘m

14 convince that there is no reason whatsoever, why David Yau Yau is not or will be labeled as terrorist and indicted like Kony (his mentor). Unless, people enjoy watching more blood being be spill over the land which had already saturated by blood since 1950s. (Back to Top) The author can be reached at [email protected]

U.S. counter-terrorism in lieu of foreign policy: the case of Sudan Sudantribune.com, 29/10/2013 – The Obama administration‘s refusal to say more than that the U.S. is not now, and will not in the future, tap the official cell phone of German Chancellor Angela Merkel (and other senior officials) leaves us with an obvious inference, already made by many: the U.S. has done so in the past. While significant in its own right, this remarkable intrusion by U.S. intelligence officials—very likely senior officials—brings into sharp relief the competing claims of rational foreign policies based on cooperation with allies (none more valuable than Germany) and the pervasive, uncontrolled lust for intelligence bearing on counter-terrorism. In this competition, the U.S. intelligence community is now clearly having its way; and its willingness to engage in such high-risk activities as tapping the phone of the democratically elected leader of a major international ally—as well, evidently, of official and unofficial phones of other allies—is a measure of the breathtaking arrogance with which the NSA and the broader U.S. intelligence "community" understand their role in defining America‘s place in the world, and even the priorities of our society. To be sure, competition between the Secretary of State and National Security Advisor to the president goes back many administrations. But it was a competition that took place, in its broadest outlines, in public, at least on most occasions and in the shaping of broader U.S. policies abroad. In the present case, it is unclear who knew what about the tapping of Merkel‘s cell phone: did Secretary of State John Kerry know? Did President Obama? Did they approve these actions? Acquiesce? Answers don‘t seem likely to be offered in the near term, although the New York Times (October 29, 2013) reports that the Obama administration "may" "stop eavesdropping on the leaders of American allies." But the very arrogance and presumption defining this action by the intelligence community— increasingly opaque and beyond the control of the State Department—help make sense of any number of otherwise bewildering features of U.S. foreign policy. In Sudan, for example, the Obama administration has known for more than two years that the campaign by the Khartoum regime against the people of South Kordofan and Blue Nile is genocidal in nature—targeting the Nuba and other African tribal groups in these two northern states. The deliberate assault on agricultural production through relentless aerial bombardment; the destruction of food- and seed stocks; the cold-blooded murder of civilians, including women and children—the Obama administration knows about all this and yet issues only an occasional, largely perfunctory condemnation. The U.S. has also failed to show leadership in creating humanitarian corridors to the populations in rebel-held territory, upon which Khartoum has imposed a virtually total humanitarian blockade. In Darfur terrifying security conditions continue in free-fall and wholesale withdrawal by humanitarian organizations could occur at any time, leading to catastrophic human destruction. There has been a virtually total breakdown in security throughout the region. The epidemic of rape, targeting African women and girls, continues unabated; those who have been forced from their lands and villages—civilians again overwhelmingly from non-Arab or African tribal groups—face increasing violence in the vast camps for displaced persons, more than 2 million people altogether. Arab militias have occupied farmlands as "payment" for their brutal predations, undertaken at the behest of the Khartoum regime. In the Jebel Marra region of central Darfur, there are virtually daily bombings of civilian targets—not "collateral damage," but the deliberate bombing of civilians thought to be supportive of rebel groups. These are shocking, unspeakably cruel atrocity crimes, both in their persistence and extent; and the Obama administration certainly knows that they are occurring, or could easily devote the satellite reconnaissance resources necessary to confirm the extremely detailed reports that come from Radio Dabanga. Instead of a consistently articulated outrage, however, we again get

15 perfunctory condemnations, often accompanied by a grim "moral equivalence" between Khartoum and its numerous rebel adversaries. What is going on here? Why not at least powerful condemnations of acts that are war crimes and, in aggregate, constitute crimes against humanity as defined by the Rome Statute, the basis for the International Criminal Court? Why have we heard the tendentious skepticism about realities in Sudan—military and humanitarian—that has characterized statements by Obama‘s previous presidential special envoys? Why in May 2011, on the eve of Khartoum‘s military seizure of Abyei—the region now most likely to serve as catalyst for renewed north/south war—did the Obama administration do nothing to warn off the regime from this explosively provocative action, even as the military assault had become increasingly obvious for many weeks? Why did the U.S. not publicly warn Khartoum about the consequences of its military onslaught in South Kordofan, which began two weeks after the failure of the U.S. to condemn in appropriate terms the seizure of Abyei? Notably, the military action in South Kordofan began on June 5, 2011; on June 2, 2011 John Brennan—current head of the CIA, and a career man at the agency, most recently with primary responsibility for counter-terrorism—was in Khartoum talking to senior regime officials. We were told by the Obama administration that this was merely coincident with Brennan‘s travels "in the region." But Brennan had no diplomatic experience, and diplomacy can hardly have been his mission. With so many warnings about an impending attack on South Kordofan, the U.S. intelligence community certainly knew what was about to occur, and Brennan‘s task was likely to re-set the relationship between the regime and Washington concerning the provision of "counter-terrorism intelligence" in anticipation of the attack. To be sure, the excessive value placed on Khartoum‘s provision of counter-terrorism "intelligence" precedes the Obama administration. Salah Gosh, the ruthless head of Khartoum‘s security services and minder of Osama bin Laden during his years in Sudan (1992 - 1996), was flown to Washington on an executive jet by the CIA in June 2005. Notably, the State Department had been kept out of the loop, as we discovered in a fine piece of investigative reporting that appeared in the Los Angeles Times. Gosh had been deeply complicit in a wide range of atrocity crimes at the time, but this seemed not to trouble the CIA in its insatiable quest for counter-terrorism intelligence. Ken Silverstein of the Times reported at the time: The CIA and Mukhabarat [Khartoum‘s intelligence and security services] officials have met regularly over the last few years, but Gosh had been seeking an invitation to Washington in recognition of his government‘s efforts, sources told The Times. The CIA, hoping to seal the partnership, extended the invitation. "The agency‘s view was that the Sudanese are helping us on terrorism and it was proud to bring him over," said a government source with knowledge of Gosh‘s visit. "They didn‘t care about the political implications." Here we should remember that in November 2010 the Obama administration explicitly "de- coupled" Darfur from "counter-terrorism" issues in the bilateral relationship between Washington and Khartoum. The very public announcement of this "de-coupling" proved deeply embarrassing to the Obama administration, and so we must ask: was South Kordofan also being very quietly "de-coupled" from the bilateral relationship by Brennan? This would go a long way toward explaining the morally shameful acquiescence of officials throughout the Obama administration. The U.S. feels it has a lot at stake in its relationship with Khartoum‘s génocidaires. A few "missteps" in following international law were not going to end that relationship, Brennan may well have suggested. Certainly we must wonder about the perversely stubborn skepticism concerning the genocidal nature of the campaign that ensued in South Kordofan following Brennan‘s June 2, 2011 trip. Evidence included satellite photography of mass graves, first-hand accounts of ethnic targeting reported by journalists in the area where fighting began, as well as additional reports of roadblocks and house-to-house searches targeting people of Nuba ethnicity. And in early July 2011 the UN human rights team that had been in Kadugli (capital of South Kordofan) the entire month of June produced an extraordinary report of atrocity

16 crimes committed by the regime‘s forces, many witnessed by the UN reporters themselves (the report was leaked in a matter of days). If, however, the U.S. is willing to tap the phone of a major European ally, why should we believe that it would have any scruples about distorting what U.S. intelligence knew at the time of Khartoum‘s plans and actions in South Kordofan? The intelligence community would have us believe that they are getting very useful counter- terrorism information from the regime; many knowledgeable Sudan experts doubt this, but of course all is classified and the matter can‘t be settled. Perhaps a new release by Edward Snowden will clarify matters. But for now U.S. priorities seem best measured by the $172 million U.S. embassy that has been completed in Khartoum—and this doesn‘t include the pricey bits of intelligence and surveillance equipment that likely more than double this cost. Clearly some sort of quid pro quo has been arrived at secretly for the U.S. to be allowed to build the facility and equip it as our intelligence people wish. From the standpoint of establishing an ideal "listening post" for North Africa, Khartoum could hardly be better. And certainly the movement of international terrorism suggests that the migration from Afghanistan to the Arabian Peninsula to North Africa is well underway. But are we as a country really willing to pay not only hundreds of millions of dollars for this listening post, but turn away from the human cost imposed by the continuing brutal tyranny of a regime that we refuse to confront with real determination? Change is coming to Sudan, sooner or later, as the economy continues to implode and popular unrest explodes. Will a new government in Sudan be content simply to ignore our many egregious sins of omission? That question is at present unanswerable. (Back to Top) Eric Reeves is author most recently of Compromising with Evil: An archival history of greater Sudan, 2007 – 2012; available without cost at www.CompromisingWithEvil.org

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