THE COMPLETE ARMY HANDBOOK FOR THE - 0 -

MANCHURIA AND BURMA 1937 - 1945

FOR YOUR WORLD WAR II TABLETOP MINIATURE GAMES

0 - 1 - THE COMPLETE ARMY HANDBOOK FOR THE

MANCHURIA AND BURMA 1937 - 1945

COMPATIBLE WITH FLAMES OF WAR THIS IS AN UNNOFICIAL PUBLICATION Battle Front ™ does not officially endorse this product and permission from your opponent must be sought before you utilise this force list in your Flames of War games. It is recommended that you do not use this list for tournament games

Artwork, Design, Text, Layout & Writing © 2008 by Dean Wilson

Figures and Vehicles by Esci, Revell, Imex and Italeri. Trees by Games Workshop, Gallia UK and Scenic’s. House by Hovels; rice field by glass; from the collection of Dean Wilson. Thanks to: The US War Department, US Command & General Staff College, US Centre for Military History. Alan Travesa, Bernard Holmok and Dr. Leo Niehorster Jabu Sawichi, Edward Wilson and Teodor; juniorgeneral.com

1 THE COMPLETE ARMY - HANDBOOK2 - FOR THE

MANCHURIA AND BURMA 1937 - 1945

The army list presented in this book is primarily to be used in conjunction with Battle Front’s ™ range of rulebooks and miniature soldiers, but can ideally be used for any rule set for World War II.

This is NOT an officially sanctioned Battle Front ™ product and therefore cannot be used for tournament games and can only be used if your opponent agrees to the lists before hand. This is a supplement to be utilised in conjunction with Flames of War. The list here covers the Chinese Nationalist Forces in greater China, Manchuria and the Burma front from the period of 1937 to 1945 and victory over Japan. The list combines the early Chinese forces right through from their annihilation to their reformation with British and American training right up to 1945. The lists for the later period of the war can also be used to war game China’s Civil War, 1945-1949.

This book should ideally be used in conjunction with the Imperial Japanese Army Handbook Manchuria and SE Asia 1940-1945 and Indochina and SE Asia: Japanese Puppet Troops and ‘Free Forces’ of SE Asia, Indochina & Thailand 1942 - 1945.

This book has undergone a slight revision from the previous, First and (Revised) First editions. Apart from some minor formatting errors (page numbers non sequential and some text out of alignment) this edition has also had some changes incorporated, including air support. In the previous edition Air Support was mentioned, but not the cost, or who could call it! This has been amended. In this version the pictures have been updated with better drawings and includes Transport Truck Platoons and the addition of the T-34 Heavy Tank Platoon for the Communist Forces for 1945-1949.

Also included in this revision is the Animosity rule affecting Nationalist Forces, the rivalry, distrust and outright animosity between the Kuomintang and Communist forces in the Nationalist Army. This rule is included under the Special Rules section.

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HOW TO USE THIS BOOK 5 THE CHINESE NATIONALIST ARMY 6 CHINESE FORCE LISTS 9 CHINESE SPECIAL RULES 12 CHINESE NATIONALIST FORCES 14 CHINESE NATIONALIST FORCES, CHINA & MANCHURIA 1937 TO 1941 14 BATTALION HQ, MANCHURIA & CHINA 1937 TO 1941 14 CHINESE NATIONALIST INFANTRY COMPANY 15 HEAVY MACHINEGUN PLATOON 16 MACHINEGUN (MG) PLATOON 16 MORTAR PLATOON 17 ANTI-TANK PLATOON 17 SUPPORT UNITS, MANCHURIA & CHINA 1937 TO 1941 18 ARTILLERY BATTERY 18 ARMOURED CAR PLATOON 19 MIXED LIGHT TANK PLATOON 20 CAPTURED TANK PLATOON (TYPE-97’S) 21 ANTI-AIRCRAFT SECTION 21 GUERRILLA RECONNAISSANCE PLATOON 22 CHINESE NATIONALIST FORCES, BURMA FRONT, 1941 TO 1945 23 BATTALION HQ, BURMA FRONT 1941 TO 1945 23 CHINESE NATIONALIST INFANTRY COMPANY 24 MACHINEGUN PLATOON 25 MORTAR PLATOON 26 ANTI-TANK PLATOON 26 SUPPORT UNITS, BURMA FRONT 1941 TO 1945 27 ARTILLERY PLATOON, US 76MM AND 105MM 27 M-3 STUART LIGHT TANK PLATOON 28 M-4 SHERMAN TANK PLATOON 29 ANTI-AIRCRAFT SECTION 29 TRUCK TRANSPORT PLATOON 30 MANCHURIA 1941 TO 1945 31 BATTALION HQ, MANCHURIA 1941 TO 1945 31 CHINESE NATIONALIST INFANTRY COMPANY 32 MACHINEGUN PLATOON 33 MORTAR PLATOON 34 ANTI-TANK PLATOON 34 SUPPORT UNITS, MANCHURIA 1941 TO 1945 35 ARTILLERY PLATOON, US 76MM AND 105MM 35 M-3 STUART LIGHT TANK PLATOON 36 M-4 SHERMAN TANK PLATOON 36 ANTI-AIRCRAFT SECTION 37 TRANSPORT TRUCK PLATOON 38 GUERRILLA RECONNAISSANCE PLATOON 39 OSS TRAINED GUERRILLA RECONNAISSANCE PLATOON 40 CHINESE COMMUNIST FORCES, MANCHURIA 1941 TO 1945 41

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CHINESE COMMUNIST BATTALION HQ, MANCHURIA 1941 TO 1945 41 CHINESE COMMUNIST INFANTRY COMPANY 42 CHINESE COMMUNIST HEAVY MACHINEGUN PLATOON 43 CHINESE COMMUNIST MACHINEGUN (MG) PLATOON 43 CHINESE COMMUNIST MORTAR PLATOON 44 CHINESE COMMUNIST ANTI-TANK PLATOON 44 CHINESE COMMUNIST SUPPORT UNITS, MANCHURIA 1941 TO 1945 45 CHINESE COMMUNIST ARTILLERY BATTERY 45 CHINESE COMMUNIST ARMOURED CAR PLATOON 46 CHINESE COMMUNIST CAPTURED LIGHT TANK PLATOON (TYPE-95’S) 47 COMMUNIST M-3 STUART LIGHT TANK PLATOON 47 COMMUNIST CAPTURED TANK PLATOON (TYPE-97’S) 48 COMMUNIST T-34 HEAVY TANK PLATOON 48 COMMUNIST GUERRILLA RECONNAISSANCE PLATOON 49 CHINESE NATIONALIST, KUOMINTANG COMPANY 50 CHINESE NATIONALIST FORCES ARSENAL 51 COLLECTING AND ASSEMBLING A NATIONALIST FORCE 52 CHINESE NATIONALIST FLAGS, INSIGNIA AND RANK 54 HOW TO WARGAME THE CHINESE CIVIL WAR 1945-’49 56 BIBLIOGRAPHY 57 CATALOGUE OF ORDER OF BATTLES AVAILABLE FROM CHOKDINOK 59

A strengthened Nationalist Company

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The Information contained in this book will allow you to re-create a Chinese Nationalist Army that fought the Japanese in China, Manchuria and even South East Asia (Burma Front) for Battle Front™ Flames of War World War II tabletop miniatures war game; suitable for the early to late war period, 1937 to 1945; and the Chinese civil war 1945 to 1949.

To make this book easier to use, we have split it into several sections.

To begin, we have the sections detailing the background and history of several types of Nationalist Force composition, including the Communists and Guerrillas.

Armed with this book, and several 15mm/1:72nd scale miniatures, you will be able to fight and re-create various battles involving Chinese troops, suitable both for Flames of War and other WWII tabletop games.

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After the Wuchang Uprising in 1911 that toppled the Empire, the Chinese Republic was established. Fragmented under various local warlords, rife with coup’s, civil wars and revolutions the emerging, dominant force, was the Chinese Nationalist Party (the Kuomintang). At first led by Dr. Sun Yat Sen (Dr. Sen), the Kuomintang (KMT) established party headquarters at Canton in Kwangtung province and quickly unified the country with it’s promotion of modernisation and a cessation of the fragmentary leadership of the Republic and a unification of the provinces. At the onset, even though the KMT was suspicious of the then weak Chinese Communist Party , accepted huge amounts of help from the Soviet Union who was more than happy to provide equipment, money and materials to assist the Chinese Government; they where also particularly keen to infiltrate communists agents and sympathisers into the KMT. On the death of Dr. Sen in 1925 the CCP stepped up their efforts to undermine and take control of the KMT but where thwarted by Chiang Kai-Shek who was Sun Yat Sen’s military chief.

General Chiang established a strong KMT power base south of the Yangtze river and established the new capitol at Nanking. He expelled the Russian advisors and replaced them with German advisors and started to import equipment and material from Europe; most notably German weapons and uniform’s. A purge of the communists soon followed.

The CCP triggered several uprisings within the Kuomintang, the most famous the defection of General Chu Te’s 24th Division which became the basis for the Chinese Peoples Liberation Army. Elsewhere CCP uprisings where brutally crushed and the communists where forced to flee North and East, beginning their 6,000 mile Long March. Their power base was established in Yenan under the leadership of Mao Tse Tung. The CCP devoted themselves to fighting the Kuomintang and the Japanese invaders.

THE JAPANESE INVASION OF MANCHURIA

The Imperial Japanese Army had won a victory over the Soviets in the Sino-Japanese War of 1905 and established several missions and colonies in southern Manchuria. Controlled initially by a Chinese Warlord by the name of Chang Tso-lin the Japanese later assassinated him and created several incidents allowing their army to enter the area to ‘restore peace and order’. A new, puppet, government was established under the Emperor Pu-Yi and the area was renamed Manchuoko in 1932.

The Tokyo government was under extreme pressure in the early 1930’s due to several assassination attempts, divisions within the government and aborted coups. To restore a balance the Tokyo government looked to their new province of Manchuoko which was providing the much needed resources for Japans ever expanding population (and war effort). Fighting around Shanghai in 1932, the invasion of Jehol and the campaign in Suiyuan led the League of Nations to protest against Japans continued aggression and violation of Chinese territory led the Japanese to leave the League in 1933. In 1936 Japan and Germany signed the Anti-Comintern Pact, sealing Chinas doom as the flow of weapons and equipment from Germany ceased.

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With the situation worsening and the gathering threat of an all out Japanese invasion of the remaining Chinese territory, Chiang Kai-Shek was forced to make a pact with Mao Tse-Tungs Chinese Communist Party to ‘unite the front’ and concentrate not on fighting each other, but the Japanese invaders.

China was already weakened by the years of fighting from 1932-1936 as Communist fought Nationalist, but the outbreak of war in 1937 saw the economy severally shaken, hyperinflation soaring and the decimation of the structure and organisation of government and the splintering and fracturing of society. Although the CCP-KMT (united under the single name Nationalist) fronts fought bitter campaigns, they where nothing as to what they faced when Japan launched a full scale invasion in 1937.

EQUIPMENT AND ORGANISATION

The Nationalist army, both Chinese Communist and Kuomintang was poorly led and ill equipped to face the onslaught of Japanese armour, infantry and aircraft that swept across the land. At the start of hostilities the Nationalist had three battalions of armour made up from Russian, Italian and European (France and Finland) vehicles, armoured cars and tanks. The infantry was organised along the lines of a German battalion and equipment consisted of the Mauser 98k rifle –produced locally in China and dubbed the ‘Chiang Kai-Shek Rifle’, light anti-tank weapons, artillery and mortars. There was a chronic shortage of support weapons, both squad support and heavier, company support. Traditionally Chiang Kai-Shek hoarded artillery and only handed it out to those who had proved their loyalty to him, the chronic shortage of artillery was made up by the implementation of mortars.

The Japanese forces raged across China with impunity as there was little in the way to oppose them. The Chinese possessed few armoured cars and tanks –and the ones they did possess where hoarded to the divisions most loyal to Chiang. The Chinese motley inventory of arms and equipment imported from diverse countries such as Finland, Hungary and such like quickly broke down or was eliminated by the Japanese. It was not until 1942 when the British and Americans started to supply the Chinese forces in Burma, and the Russians the CCP in the North did the Chinese Nationalist have any properly equipped armies –and even then hey where at 1/3rd the strength of the opposing Japanese forces.

BASIC COMPOSITION

The National Military Council breaks China down into 12 administrative regions. The Nationalist Army comprised 4 Army Corps, 40 Army Groups, 30 Armies and 133 Corps. Several army regiments may be found under one army group, the hierarchy of organisation was loosely adhered to.

The basic composition of a Chinese Nationalist Army is:

3 DIVISIONS make up the ARMY 3 REGIMENTS comprise a DIVISION 3 BATTALIONS form a REGIMENT 3 COMPANIES form a BATTALION

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3 PLATOONS make up the COMPANY 3 SQUADS of 10-16 men make up the PLATOON

Approximately 5,000 to 6,000 troops made up a division, with anything between 10 to 15,000 forming an army –equal to an Imperial Japanese Division!

Although China had, on paper, 515 divisions throughout the course of the war, the actual number was a lot less than this; new divisions where formed, utilising the number of their predecessor eliminated earlier in the war, some divisions where formed from two divisions, both not being active at the same time and other oddities.

At the onset of the war the Chinese had 800 artillery pieces for the ENTIRE NATIONALISYT ARMY and enough tanks and armoured cars to form three battalions, these where assigned to the 5th War Area.

MORALE AND DISCIPLINE

The discipline in the Chinese armies went from extremely good to extremely poor, depending on the placement of the troops and who was commanding. Most Chinese forces where reluctant to get involved in any serious fighting. The best units where the ones personally commanded by general Chiang Kai-Shek himself, these units spread between Suiyuan, Shansi and Shantung in the North and Kwangtung in the south, the poorest where in Shezuan.

If victory was not gained quickly the Chinese troops tended to fall back. In Chinas long and brutal military history, the individual soldier had no immediate reward (apart from pillaging) for his service and therefore did not have any commitment to any greater, political, cause other than his immediate unit.

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1st WAR AREA 25th ARMY 74th Corps 40th Corps 100th Corps Border Guerrillas 76th Corps 28th NEW Division 8th Corps 2nd ARMY 73rd Corps 30th Corps 25th Corps 1st ARMY 42nd Corps 29th Corps 58th Corps 58th Corps 67th Division 3rd NEW Corps 4th WAR AREA 60th Corps 12th Corps 9th ARMY 19th ARMY 2nd WAR AREA 4th Corps 49th Corps 1st Temporary Division 65th Corps 70th Corps 2nd Temporary Division 78th Corps 71st Division 62nd Corps 79th Corps 66th Division 63rd Corps 20th ARMY 9th Corps 66th Corps 53rd Corps 83rd Corps 54th Corps 38th Corps 87th Corps 47th Corps 46th Corps 27th ARMY 96th Corps 64th Corps 20th Corps 5th ARMY 5th WAR AREA 30th ARMY 3rd Corps Hinan, Hupei & Anhwei 72nd Corps 15th Corps Guerilla Division 10th WAR AREA 17th Corps 7th Corps 16th Corps 6th ARMY 48th Corps 19th Corps 11th ARMY 27th Corps 61st Corps 39th Corps 90th Corps 1st Cavalry Corps 84th Corps Shiangtun Kiansu War Area 22nd & 29th ARMY 51st Corps 1st NEW Corps 44th Corps 57th Corps 22nd Corps 33rd ARMY 89th Corps 35th Corps 55th Corps Guerrillas Corps Manchurian Advance Corps 59th Corps Hopei, Chahar War Area 77th Corps 55th ARMY 14th Corps 8th WAR Area 5th NEW Corps 93rd Corps 2nd NEW Corps 69th Corps 98th Corps 80th Corps 99th Corps 3rd WAR AREA 82nd Corps Hopei Militia Division 18th ARMY 2nd Cavalry Corps 4th NEW Corps 5th Cavalry Corps , Fukien 6th Cavalry Corps 28th Corps 191st Division 91st Corps 17th ARMY 81st Corps 21st Corps 168th Division 50th Corps 9th WAR AREA

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CHINESE EXPEDITIONARY FORCES IN BURMA V (5th) A R M Y 22nd DIVISION: 64th Regiment 65th Regiment 66th Regiment 96th DIVISION: 286th Regiment 287th Regiment 288th Regiment 200th DIVISION: 598th Regiment 599th Regiment 600th Regiment TRAINING DEPOT: 1st Replacement Regiment 2nd Replacement Regiment OTHER UNITS: Cavalry Regiment Artillery Regiment Engineer Regiment Armour Regiment Motor Regiment Signals Battalion

VI (6th) A R M Y 49th DIVISION: 145th Regiment 146th Regiment 147th Regiment 55th DIVISION: 1st Regiment 2nd Regiment 3rd Regiment 93rd DIVISION: 277th Regiment 278th Regiment 279th Regiment OTHER UNITS: Engineer Battalion Transport Battalion Signal Battalion 1st Battalion 13th Artillery Regiment

LXVI (66th) A R M Y 28th DIVISION: 82nd Regiment 83rd Regiment 84th Regiment 29th DIVISION: 85th Regiment 86th Regiment 87th Regiment 38th DIVISION: 112th Regiment 113th Regiment 114th Regiment OTHER UNITS: 1st Battalion 18th Artillery Regiment

A Chinese Regiment in Burma was roughly equal in strength to a British Battalion

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The Chinese Forces are formed of divisions of varying strength with little to no support available, depending on their location, period in the war and alliance. The make up and flexibility (although rather limited due to supply and manpower constraints) allows you to field a vastly differing force in your Flames of War games.

The following lists have been broken down into three manageable sections. China 1937-1941 covering the period at the beginning of open hostilities and all-out warfare with the Imperial Japanese invaders, up to the point where the Chinese Nationalists ceased to be a viable Army. Manchuria 1941-1945 covering the Northern period of the Chinese campaign and this list is split into two sections, covering the Nationalists Forces of the Kuomintang and the Chinese Communist Forces (CCP). The last section of the army lists covers Burma, 1941 to 1945; armed with this list you can field a vastly superior, Chinese Army, with Sherman tanks, US supplied artillery and British equipment! So much better equipped where the forces on the Burma front, the local Chinese took them for foreigners when they returned back to China!

The lists follow the standard conventions for a Flames of War Intelligence Handbook/briefing, with all possibilities highlighted in the list as either additions that can be purchased as if upgrading, or as separate, optional, entries that can be purchased as part of the ‘support element’ of your force.

If a box attached to the list is on a grey background, this makes it an optional addition to the force you are purchasing; if the list is on a black bordered, white background it makes it a standard purchase choice. If the option is available as a support part, then it will be found later in the list under SUPPORT OPTIONS.

Above all and as ever, have fun!

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HENS AND CHICKs! Due to the fact that the Nationalist forces did not posses radio equipment until 1945, any Chinese Nationalist Forces utilising tanks and armoured cars abides by the Soviet Hens and Chicks special rule.

RUBBISH ARTILLERY OBSERVERS! As the Kuomintang Forces possessed little to basic artillery training and lacked observers, any unit NOT utilising Allied Trained Observers (I.e. any force outside of BURMA), cannot use the All Guns Repeat option when firing artillery.

GUERILLA FORCES Guerrilla Reconnaissance Forces can start the game concealed. Guerrilla forces have a higher morale than the so called ‘regular’ army and therefore can ignore the FIRST failed morale check.

POOR MORALE AND DISCIPLINE Unfortunately the majority of the Nationalist forces (except for Communists, see below) suffered from incredibly poor morale and discipline as the average Chinese soldier did not see any personal motivation and/or reward for excelling on the field of battle. NATIONALISTS RE-ROLL ALL SUCESFULL MORALE CHECKS! – Ignore this if you are playing the Chinese Civil War 1945-1949.

COMMUNIST FORCES The Chinese Communist Forces had superior morale and discipline and where better motivated amongst the Nationalist forces. COMMUNIST forces ignore the Poor Morale and Discipline rule above.

ANIMOSITY Due to the often correct perception that the Kuomintang was formed largely from the old Warlords, bandits and brigand groups, the Communists and Kuomintang forces have an open distrust of each other; even after Chiang Kai-Sheck agreed and signed a treaty between the forces, the Communists and Kuomintang rarely agreed on anything and had a deep distrust when fighting together. IF you are fielding a force of Communists and Kuomintang, then you must roll a dice for each team, platoon, company and battalion in your force. A roll of 4+ indicates, that, for this battle the old animosities have been buried. IF you roll 3 or less then there is a hatred between the two forces and they will not cooperate. A Communist and conversely a Kuomintang HQ unit WILL NOT ACCEPT ORDERS from their rival and will DISREGARD ALL ORDERS from their opposite, rival, faction. IF a Kuomintang unit is within 8” of a Communist unit (and vice-a versa) they will fire upon each other. Turns, morale and other rules will proceed as per normal.

FALL BACK AND RE-ORGANISE! If the Chinese forces have not been successful and have suffered 30% to 40% casualties they may voluntarily fall back to ‘re-organise’. A Rally Point MUST be established at the beginning of the game and cannot be an objective or within 8” of an objective. Once they have obtained the Rally Point the force MUST successfully pass

12 - 13 - a morale test, otherwise they mill around the Rally Point awaiting sensible orders. IF the morale check is passed, the force can be re-organised and new teams and platoons formed from the existing forces. New morale is then issued from that point and the unit(s) need to suffer another reduction of 30%-40% casualties before they can voluntarily re-organise. IF the unit suffers 50% casualties, then morale is taken as per normal. Guerrilla units are EXEMPT from this rule; see below.

GUERRILLA FORRAGING! Guerrilla units where used to living off the land and took any opportunity to venture off and start foraging. Roll 1d6 for EVERY Guerrilla team, section and stand in your force, on a roll of a 1 that unit is busy foraging and cannot participate in the upcoming battle. Deploy the unit as a RESERVE. It may enter that game following the deployment of reserves rule. Communist Guerrilla units are EXEMPT from this. (Ignore this rule if you are playing the Chinese Civil War,1945-1949)

AIR SUPPORT

Sporadic Air support is available for units fighting in Southern China at a cost of +100 points. Air Support, when it arrives will be Chinese flown P-47 Thunderbolts.

Periodic Air Support is available for units fighting in Manchuria and on the Burma front. Support will be in the form of P-47 Thunderbolts flown by US personnel from the ‘Flying Tigers’ –this is available at a cost of +100 points

Priority Air Support is available for those forces on the BURMA FRONT ONLY at a cost of +150 points. Again, this support will either be US flown P-47 Thunderbolts of British piloted Hurricanes. (Specify BEFORE the game).

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C H I N A 1 9 3 7 - 1 9 4 1

CHINESE NATIONALIST INFANTRY BATTALION China 1937 to 1941

A FORCE BASED AROUND AN SUPPORT UNITS AVAILABLE INFANTRY BATTALION must • Artillery Platoon contain • Armoured Car Platoon

• A Company HQ • Captured Light Tank Platoon • Captured Tank Platoon • Two or three companies • Guerrilla Reconnaissance Platoon WEAPONS COMPANIES • Anti-Aircraft Section available to an Infantry Battalion • Machinegun Platoon MOTIVATION AND SKILL

• HMG Platoon Chinese Nationalist Troops are rated as RELUCTANT CONSCRIPT • Mortar Platoon • Anti-Tank Platoon

H E A D Q U AR T E R S

1 Battalion HQ

HEADQUARTERS

BATTALION HQ 25 pts OPTION:

• Add Battalion HQ Guard Section +15 pts (Sergeant) HQ Guards Section

• Upgrade to RELUCTANT TRAINED at +65pts per Company

INFANTRY COMPANY

INFANTRY COMPANY MACHINEGUN PLATOON

INFANTRY COMPANY MORTAR PLATOON

HEAVY MACHINEGUN PLATOON ARTILLERY BATTERY

ANTI-TANK PLATOON 14 - 15 -

2 – 3 I N F A N T R Y C O M P A N I E S

(Captain) COMPANY HQ HQ SECTION WITH: 1 Rifle Platoon 45 points 2 Rifle Platoons 95 points 3 Rifle Platoons 135 points

OPTIONS: • Add Heavy Weapons Section +25 pts • Add additional Rifle Section to each platoon +20 pts each section • Add Sniper Teams +100 pts

(Lieutenant) INFANTRY PLATOON (Lieutenant) INFANTRY PLATOON

(Lieutenant) INFANTRY PLATOON

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0 – 1 H E A V Y M A C H I N E G U N P L A T O O N

HQ SECTION WITH: (Lt) PLATOON HQ 1 Heavy Machinegun Team 50 points

2 Heavy Machinegun Team 95 points 3 Heavy Machinegun Team 125 points 4 Heavy Machinegun Team 162 points

(Sgt) HMG Team (Sgt) HMG Team (Sgt) HMG Team (Sgt) HMG Team

The Nationalist Armies mainstay HMG was the locally produced copy of the German Maxim ’08 HMG, which was imported in large numbers in the early 1930’s.

0 – 1 M A C H I N E G U N P L A T O O N

1 Machinegun Team 15 points (WO) MG Team 2 Machinegun Team 26 points 3 Machinegun Team 38 points

4 Machinegun Team 45 points

(Sgt) MG Team (Cpl) MG Team (Pvt) MG Team

16 - 17 - 0– 1 M O R T A R P L A T O O N

HQ SECTION WITH: (Lt) PLATOON HQ

2 81mm Mortar Teams 75 pts

OPTIONS: • Add additional Mortar Team +55 pts

(Sgt) 81mm Mortar Team (Cpl) 81mm Mortar Team (Pvt) 81mm Mortar Team

Chiang Kai Shek the Nationalist Leader rewarded loyal commanders with artillery and hoarding the best pieces. The Nationalist Army therefore had to rely on mortars as the backbone of artillery support for it’s poorly equipped infantry.

0– 1 A N T I – T AN K P L A T O O N

(Lt) PLATOON HQ HQ SECTION WITH: 1 PaK-36 Section 65 points 2 PaK-36 Sections 120 points

OPTIONS: • Add a third PaK-36 +45 pts • Swap ALL PaK-36 for captured Japanese Type97 37mm Anti-Tank

guns at a cost of +8 pts each gun

(Sgt) Anti-Tank Section (Cpl) Anti-Tank Section (L/Cpl) Anti-Tank Section

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S U P P O R T U N I T S

0– 1 A R T I L L E R Y B A T T E R Y

HQ SECTION WITH: (Lt) PLATOON HQ 1 76mm Howitzer Section 65 points 2 76mm Howitzer Sections 120 points

OPTIONS: • Swap ALL K/02 guns for German leFH18 10.5 Guns at a cost of +80 pts each gun

(Sgt) Artillery Section (Cpl) Artillery Section

Nationalist Artillery lacked direction, skilled gunners and was not deployed in sufficient numbers. What little artillery was available was either from Finland or of German manufacture, imported in the mid 1930’s.

Nationalist Forces valiantly charge a Japanese position18 - 19 -

0 – 1 A R M O U R C A R P L A T O O N

HQ SECTION WITH: (Lieutenant) PLATOON HQ 1 BA-10M Armoured Car 65 points 2 BA-10M Armoured Cars 95 points

3 BA-10M Armoured Cars 162 points 4 BA-10M Armoured Cars 184 points 5 BA-10M Armoured Cars 255 points OPTIONS: • Swap ALL A/Cars for Italian Autoblinda 41 Armoured Cars at -5 pts each

(Sgt) Armoured Car (Cpl) Armoured Car (L/Cpl) Armoured Car (L/Cpl) Armoured Car

The Nationalist Army had three Battalions of Armoured Cars supplied by Russia and Italy at the start of hostilities with Japan in 1937. By 1941 they had a single Battalion!

A Nationalist M4 Sherman cautiously advances in Burma

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0 – 1 M I X E D L I G H T T A N K P L A T O O N

(Lieutenant) PLATOON HQ HQ SECTION WITH: 1 HQ R-35 Tank 65 pts

2 T-26 Tanks 100 pts 3 T-26 Tanks 150 pts

• Add an R-35 Tank +45 pts each

(Sergeant) T-26 Tank (Corporal) T-26 Tank (Corporal) T-26 Tank

(Sergeant) R-35 Tank (Corporal) R-35 Tank

The Nationalist Army had been supplied some light tanks by Russia and Italy which formed the backbone of their Armoured Battalion. The T-26 may be obsolete, but versus Japanese Type95’s they where an equal match! The Italians supplied a quantity of French Renault R-35 light tanks. The R-35 was better armoured than the Soviet T-26, but was still as unreliable. By 1940 all of the Nationalists armour had been destroyed.

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0 – 1 C A P T U R E D T A N K P L A T O O N

(Lieutenant) PLATOON HQ HQ SECTION WITH: 1 Type97 Hv. Tank 110 pts

2 Type97 Hv Tanks 155 pts 3 Type97 Hv Tanks 195 pts 4 Type97 Hv tanks 240 pts

(Sergeant) Type-97 Tank (Corporal) Type-97 Tank (L/Corporal) Type-97 Tank

The Nationalist Army pressed captured Japanese equipment into service, however, at the beginning of the war the use of captured Japanese stock was a rarity as the Japanese did not tend to let their precious Type-97’s fall into Nationalist hands. The points costs above reflect this.

0 – 1 A N T I – A I R C R A F T S E C T I O N

(Lt) PLATOON HQ HQ SECTION WITH: 1 FlaK38 AA gun 45 points 2 FlaK38 AA guns 80 points 3 FlaK38 AA guns 110 points

(Sgt) 20mm AA Gun (Sgt) 20mm AA Gun (Sgt) 20mm AA Gun

German supplied 20mm FlaK-38 Anti-Aircraft guns where no match for the overwhelming numbers of Imperial Japanese Aircraft.

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0 - 1 GUERILLA RECONNAISSANCE PLATOON

(Lieutenant) PLATOON HQ HQ SECTION WITH: 1 Rifle Section 28 points 2 Rifle Sections 42 points 3 Rifle Sections 64 points

OPTIONS:

• Add Machinegun Section +25 pts • Add additional Rifle Team +8 pts each • Swap all rifles for SMG +12 points GUERILLAS are rated as:

CONFIDENT CONSCRIPT

(Sergeant) INFANTRY SECTION (Sergeant) INFANTRY SECTION

(Sergeant) INFANTRY SECTION (Corporal) MACHINEGUN SECTION

Poorly equipped, the Nationalist Guerrillas of the Chinese Army where adept at infiltration and hit-and-run tactics. Local to their area, they knew every path, ravine, escarpment and trail and where invaluable sources of information if the infighting, squabbling and petty rivalries could be kept to a minimum. Lacking support weapons at the inset of the war, the guerrillas had to make do with locally manufactured rifles, their heaviest piece of equipment being a squad machinegun.

Despite popular belief, not all guerrillas where Communists and it was difficult at the onset of the war to tell who followed Chiang Kai-Shek or Mao Tse Tung.

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B U R M A 1 9 4 1 - 1 9 4 5

CHINESE NATIONALIST INFANTRY BATTALION Burma 1941 to 1945

A FORCE BASED AROUND AN SUPPORT UNITS AVAILABLE INFANTRY BATTALION must contain • Artillery Platoon • Light Tank Company • A Company HQ • Tank Platoon • Three companies • Anti-Aircraft Section WEAPONS COMPANIES available to an Infantry Battalion MOTIVATION AND SKILL • Machinegun Platoon Chinese Nationalist Troops are rated • Mortar Platoon as RELUCTANT TRAINED • Anti-Tank Platoon

H E A D Q U AR T E R S

1 Battalion HQ

HEADQUARTERS BATTALION HQ 25 pts OPTION: • Add Battalion HQ Guard Section +15 pts • Add HQ Jeeps +12 pts (Sergeant) HQ Guards Section • Add occasional air support (P-47) +100 points • Upgrade to CONFIDENT TRAINED at +60pts per Company

INFANTRY COMPANY MACHINEGUN PLATOON

INFANTRY COMPANY MORTAR PLATOON

INFANTRY COMPANY ANTI-TANK PLATOON

ARTILLERY PLATOON TANK PLATOON

LIGHT TANK PLATOON ANTI-AIRCRAFT SECTION 23 3 I N F A N T R -Y 24 - C O M P A N I E S

(Captain) COMPANY HQ HQ SECTION WITH: 2 Rifle Platoons 100 points 3 Rifle Platoons 180 points

OPTIONS: • Add Machinegun Section to each Platoon +20 Pts ea • Add additional Rifle Section to each Platoon +10 pts ea • Add Sniper Teams +100 pts

(Lieutenant) IN F A N T R Y P L A T O O N

(Sgt) MG SECTION

(Lieutenant) I N F A N T R Y P L A T O O N

(Sgt) MG SECTION

(Lieutenant) I N F A N T R Y P L A T O O N

(Sgt) MG SECTION

24 - 25 -

0 – 1 M A C H I N E G U N P L A T O O N

(Lt) PLATOON HQ HQ SECTION WITH:

1 Machinegun Section 92 points 2 Machinegun Sections 125 points

3 Machinegun Sections 165 points 4 Machinegun Sections 192 points

(Sgt) HMG Section (Cpl) HMG Section (L/Cpl) HMG Section (L/Cpl) HMG Section

The Nationalist Armies mainstay HMG was the locally produced copy of the German Maxim ’08 HMG, by 1941 the armies trained by the Allies (US and Great Britain) where equipped in large numbers with the Browning Heavy Machinegun in .30 calibre Light Machineguns where the Czech ZB26 or the Bren gun supplied by the allied forces

Nationalist Chinese Heavy Machinegun Platoon 25 - 26 -

0– 1 M O R T A R P L A T O O N

HQ SECTION WITH: (Lt) PLATOON HQ

2 81mm Mortar Sections 75 pts

OPTIONS: • Add observers to HQ +45 pts • Add additional mortar +35 pts

(Sgt) 81mm Mortar Team (Cpl) 81mm Mortar Team (Pvt) 81mm Mortar Team

Nationalist forces in Burma where better equipped than their Manchurian counterparts.

0– 1 A N T I – T AN K P L A T O O N

HQ SECTION WITH: (Lt) PLATOON HQ

1 Bazooka Anti-Tank Section 32 points 2 Bazooka Anti-Tank Sections 55 points

OPTIONS:

• Add a third Bazooka team +20 pts

(Sgt) ANTI TANK SECTION (Cpl) ANTI TANK SECTION (L/Cpl) ANTI TANK SECTION

26 - 27 -

S U P P O R T U N I T S

0– 1 A R T I L L E R Y P L A T O O N

(Lt) PLATOON HQ HQ SECTION WITH:

1 75mm Howitzer Section 118 points 2 76mm Howitzer Sections 225 points

OPTIONS: • Add Observers to HQ Section +45 pts • Add a 105mm Howitzer +120 points

(Sgt) ARTILLERY SECTION (Sgt) ARTILLERY SECTION (Sgt) ARTILLERY SECTION

(Sgt) ARTILLERY SECTION

The Nationalist forces in Burma where equipped with US supplied 75mm Howitzers or the heavier 105mm guns. They had rudimentary training in artillery observation and could lay down an effective barrage of shots –not necessarily accurate!

27 - 28 - 0 – 1 L I G H T T A N K P L A T O O N

(Lieutenant) PLATOON HQ HQ SECTION WITH:

1 to 3 sections (see below) of M3 Stuart Light Tanks

(M/Sgt) LIGHT TANK SECTION (Sgt) LIGHT TANK SECTION (Sgt) LIGHT TANK SECTION

TANK PLATOON 2 3 4 5 6 7

M3 Stuart Light Tanks 90 125 185 198 285 340

The Nationalist Armies small number of tanks had all but been eliminated by 1941. Supplied with fresh vehicles by the Allies (Britain and the US) The Nationalists could field an entire Armoured Brigade by 1944! Utilising the excellent M3 Stuart Light Tank and the M4 Sherman, Nationalist armour first saw service on the Burma front in 1942.

28 - 29 -

0 – 1 T A N K P L A T O O N

(Lieutenant) PLATOON HQ HQ SECTION WITH:

1 Sherman Tank 98 points 2 Sherman Tanks 195 points

3 Sherman Tanks 292 points 4 Sherman Tanks 390 points

(M/Sgt) TANK SECTION (Sgt) TANK SECTION (Sgt) TANK SECTION

0 – 1 A N T I – A I R C R A F T S E C T I O N

(Lt) PLATOON HQ HQ SECTION WITH:

1 Anti-Aircraft Section 65 points

OPTIONS:

• Add Observers to HQ Section +45 pts • Add additional AA-Section +55 pts

(Sergeant) ANTI-AIRCRAFT SECTION (Corporal) ANTI-AIRCRAFT SECTION 20mm AA Gun Team AA Gun Team 20mm AA Gun Team AA Gun Team

29 - 30 -

0 – 1 T R A N S P O R T T R U C K P L A T O O N

HQ SECTION WITH: (Warrant Officer) PLATOON HQ 2 Dodge Trucks 35 pts 3 Dodge Trucks 45 pts 4 Dodge Trucks 52 pts

(Corporal) DODGE TRUCK (Corporal) DODGE TRUCK (Corporal) DODGE TRUCK

30 - 31 -

M A N C H U R I A 1 9 4 1 - 1 9 4 5

CHINESE NATIONALIST INFANTRY BATTALION Manchuria 1941 to 1945

SUPPORT UNITS AVAILABLE A FORCE BASED AROUND AN INFANTRY BATTALION must contain • Artillery Platoon • Light Tank Company • A Company HQ • Tank Platoon • Three companies • Anti-Aircraft Section WEAPONS COMPANIES • Guerrilla Reconnaissance Platoon available to an Infantry Battalion • Machinegun Platoon MOTIVATION AND SKILL • Mortar Platoon Chinese Nationalist Troops are rated as RELUCTANT CONSCRIPT • Anti-Tank Platoon

H E A D Q U AR T E R S

1 Battalion HQ

HEADQUARTERS BATTALION HQ 25 pts OPTION: • Add HQ Guards +15 pts • Add Staff Car +6 pts HQ Guards Section • Add Allied Advisors +15 pts • Add sporadic air support (P- 47) at +125 points • Upgrade to RELUCTANT TRAINED at +60pts per Company MACHINEGUN PLATOON

INFANTRY COMPANY MORTAR PLATOON

INFANTRY COMPANY ANTI-TANK PLATOON

INFANTRY COMPANY TANK PLATOON

ARTILLERY PLATOON ANTI-AIRCRAFT SECTION 31 LIGHT TANK PLATOON GUERILLA PLATOON 3 I N F A N T R Y - 32 C - O M P A N I E S

HQ SECTION WITH: (Captain) COMPANY HQ 2 Rifle Platoons 100 points 3 Rifle Platoons 180 points

OPTIONS: • Add Machinegun Section +20 pts ea platoon • Add additional Rifle Section +10 pts ea platoon • Add Sniper Teams +100 points

(Lieutenant) I N F A N T R Y P L A T O O N (Sgt) MG SECTION

(Lieutenant) I N F A N T R Y P L A T O O N

(Sgt) MG SECTION

(Lieutenant) I N F A N T R Y P L A T O O N

(Sgt) MG SECTION

32 - 33 -

0 – 1 M A C H I N E G U N P L A T O O N

(Lt) PLATOON HQ HQ SECTION WITH:

1 Machinegun Section 92 points 2 Machinegun Sections 125 points 3 Machinegun Sections 165 points

(Sgt) HMG Section (Cpl) HMG Section (Cpl) HMG Section

The Nationalist Armies mainstay HMG was the locally produced copy of the German Maxim ’08 HMG, by 1941 the armies trained by the Allies (US and Great Britain) where equipped in large numbers with the Browning Heavy Machinegun in .30 calibre Light Machineguns where the Czech ZB26 or the Bren gun supplied by the allied forces

Anti-Tank and Mortar Batteries swing into action 33 - 34 - 0– 1 M O R T A R P L A T O O N

HQ SECTION WITH: (Lieutenant) PLATOON HQ

2 81mm Mortar Sections 75 pts

OPTIONS: • Add observers to HQ +50 pts

• Add additional mortar +35 pts

(Sgt) 81mm Mortar Team (Cpl) 81mm Mortar Team (Pvt) 81mm Mortar Team

0– 1 A N T I – T AN K P L A T O O N

(Lt) PLATOON HQ HQ SECTION WITH:

1 Bazooka Anti-Tank Section 32 points 2 Bazooka Anti-Tank Sections 55 points

OPTIONS:

• Add a third Bazooka team +20 pts

(Sgt) ANTI TANK SECTION (Sgt) ANTI TANK SECTION (Sgt) ANTI TANK SECTION

34 - 35 -

S U P P O R T U N I T S

0– 1 A R T I L L E R Y P L A T O O N

HQ SECTION WITH:

(Lieutenant) PLATOON HQ 1 75mm Howitzer Section 118 points 2 76mm Howitzer Sections 225 points

OPTIONS: • Add Observers to HQ Section +50 pts • Add a 105mm Howitzer +120 points

(Sgt) ARTILLERY SECTION (Sgt) ARTILLERY SECTION (Sgt) ARTILLERY SECTION

The Nationalist Forces in Manchuria received trickles of the equipment supplied by the Allied

Forces. However, the old animosities and paranoia still remained and the artillery was once

again only allocated to the units most loyal to Chiang Kai-Shek.

Some artillery training was given, but not enough to be overly effective.

35 - 36 -

0 – 1 L I G H T T A N K P L A T O O N

HQ SECTION WITH: (Lieutenant) PLATOON HQ

2 M3 Stuart Light Tanks 85 pts

3 M3 Stuart Light Tanks 120 pts 4 M3 Stuart Light Tanks 180 pts

(Sergeant) LIGHT TANK (Sergeant) LIGHT TANK (Sergeant) LIGHT TANK

Nationalist Forces in Manchuria received some equipment from the Allied Forces, most impressive where the small quantities of M3 Stuart and M4 Sherman tanks that filtered through. By 1944 the Nationalist Forces Armoured Brigade, famously led by Chiang Kai-Shek’s son, was actually making a difference.

0 – 1 T A N K P L A T O O N

(Lieutenant) PLATOON HQ HQ SECTION WITH:

1 Sherman Tank 98 points 2 Sherman Tanks 195 points 3 Sherman Tanks 292 points

(Master-Sgt) TANK SECTION (Master-Sgt) TANK SECTION

36 - 37 -

0 – 1 A N T I – A I R C R A F T S E C T I O N

HQ SECTION WITH: (Lieutenant) PLATOON HQ 1 Anti-Aircraft Section 35 points

OPTIONS: • Add Observers to HQ Section +50 pts • Add additional AA-Section +25 pts each • Add FlaK-38 AA Gun +40 points

ANTI-AIRCRAFT SECTION ANTI-AIRCRAFT SECTION AA HMG Team AA MG Team AA HMG Team AA MG Team

(Sgt) 20mm AA Gun

Nationalist forces seize a vital road in Northern Manchuria 37 - 38 -

0 – 1 T R A N S P O R T T R U C K P L A T O O N

HQ SECTION WITH: (Warrant Officer) PLATOON HQ 1 Dodge Truck 35 pts 2 Dodge Trucks 45 pts 3 Dodge Trucks 52 pts OPTIONS: • Add Captured Toyota Section at +45 points

(Corporal) DODGE TRUCK (Corporal) DODGE TRUCK (Corporal) DODGE TRUCK

(Lance-Corporal) CAPTURED TOYOTA TRUCK SECTION

A Kuomintang officer extols acts of bravery from his command trench 38 - 39 -

0 - 2 GUERRILLA RECONNAISSANCE PLATOON

HQ SECTION WITH: PLATOON HEADQUARTERS 1 Infantry Section 28 points 2 Infantry Sections 42 points 3 Infantry Sections 64 points OPTIONS: • Add Machinegun Section +40 pts • Add Heavy Machinegun +35 pts • Add additional Rifle Team +6 pts each • Swap ALL rifles for SMG +10 pts • Add Staff Car to HQ +8 pts GUERILLAS are rated as: CONFIDENT CONSCRIPT

(Sergeant) INFANTRY SECTION (Sergeant) INFANTRY SECTION

(Sergeant) INFANTRY SECTION

(Corporal) MACHINEGUN SECTION

(Corporal) HMG SECTION

Nationalist Guerrilla units can start the game CONCEALED! Nationalist Guerrilla units can INFILTRATE!

39 0 - 1 OSS TRAINED GUERRILLA - 40 - RECONNAISSANCE PLATOON

PLATOON HEADQUARTERS HQ SECTION WITH: 1 Infantry Section 38 points 2 Infantry Sections 50 points 3 Infantry Sections 68 points

OPTIONS: • Add MG Team +8 pts each • Heavy Weapons Section +35 pts • Add Staff Car to HQ +8 pts

GUERILLAS are rated as: CONFIDENT TRAINED

(Sergeant) INFANTRY SECTION (Sergeant) INFANTRY SECTION

(Sergeant) INFANTRY SECTION

(Corporal) WEAPONS SECTION

Imperial Japanese Artillery pound the Kuomintang forces

40 - 41 -

M A N C H U R I A 1 9 4 1 - 1 9 4 5

CHINESE COMMUNIST INFANTRY BATTALION Manchuria 1941 to 1945

A FORCE BASED AROUND AN SUPPORT UNITS AVAILABLE INFANTRY BATTALION must • Artillery Platoon contain • Armoured Car Platoon • A Company HQ • Captured Light Tank Platoon • Light Tank Platoon • Two or three companies • Captured Tank Platoon WEAPONS COMPANIES • Guerrilla Reconnaissance Platoon available to an Infantry Battalion • Machinegun Platoon MOTIVATION AND SKILL • HMG Platoon Chinese Nationalist Troops are rated • Mortar Platoon as FEARLESS CONSCRIPT • Anti-Tank Platoon

H E A D Q U AR T E R S

(Major/Colonel) BATTALION HQ 1 Battalion HQ

HEADQUARTERS BATTALION HQ 25 pts OPTION:

• Add Battalion HQ Guard Section +15 pts (Sergeant) HQ Guards Section • Downgrade to CONFIDENT CONSCRIPT at -50pts per Company

INFANTRY COMPANY

INFANTRY COMPANY MACHINEGUN PLATOON

INFANTRY COMPANY MORTAR PLATOON

HEAVY MACHINEGUN PLATOON ARTILLERY BATTERY

41 ANTI-TANK SECTION 3 I N F A N T R -Y 42 - C O M P A N I E S

(Captain) COMPANY HQ HQ SECTION WITH: 1 Rifle Platoon 65 points 2 Rifle Platoons 100 points 3 Rifle Platoons 180 points OPTIONS: • Add additional Rifle Section to each platoon +10 points each

INFANTRY PLATOON RIFLE SECTION

INFANTRY PLATOON RIFLE SECTION

INFANTRY PLATOON RIFLE SECTION

42 - 43 -

0 – 1 H E A V Y M A C H I N E G U N P L A T O O N

HQ SECTION WITH: (Lt) PLATOON HQ 1 Machinegun Section 45 points

2 Machinegun Sections 90 points 3 Machinegun Sections 120 points 4 Machinegun Sections 155 points

(Sgt) HMG Section (Cpl) HMG Section (L/Cpl) HMG Section (L/Cpl) HMG Section

0 – 1 M A C H I N E G U N P L A T O O N

HQ SECTION WITH: (WO) PLATOON 1 Machinegun Team 15 points 2 Machinegun Team 26 points

3 Machinegun Team 38 points

(Sgt) MG TEAM (Cpl) MG TEAM (Pvt) MG TEAM

43 - 44 - 0– 1 M O R T A R P L A T O O N

(Lt) PLATOON HQ HQ SECTION WITH:

2 81mm Mortar Sections 75 pts

OPTIONS: • Add additional mortar +45 pts • Swap all mortars for Soviet 120mm Mortars at + 35 points each

(Sgt) 81mm MORTAR (Sgt) 81mm MORTAR (Sgt) 81mm MORTAR

Mortars, supplied by the Soviet Union and some American 81mm where used in numbers by the Communists forces. Communist forces lacked spotters or any sophisticated radios

0– 1 A N T I – T AN K P L A T O O N

HQ SECTION WITH: (WO) PLATOON HQ

1 Bazooka Anti-Tank Section 32 points

OPTIONS: • Add a second Bazooka Section +30 pts

(Sgt) ANTI TANK SECTION (Cpl) ANTI TANK SECTION

44 - 45 -

S U P P O R T U N I T S

0– 1 A R T I L L E R Y B A T T E R Y

HQ SECTION WITH: (Lt) PLATOON HQ 1 76mm Howitzer Section 65 points 2 76mm Howitzer Sections 120 points

OPTIONS: • Swap ALL K/02 guns for captured Japanese Mod.92 70mm Howitzers at – 15 points each

(Sgt) Artillery Section (Cpl) Artillery Section

Communist artillery was from the main part was Kuomingtang stocks of artillery supplemented by captured Japanese pieces.

The Japanese hotly contest the tree line near Chang-Rai, Thailand 45 - 46 -

0 – 1 A R M O U R C A R P L A T O O N

HQ SECTION WITH: 1 BA-10M Armoured Car 65 points (Lieutenant) PLATOON HQ 2 BA-10M Armoured Cars 95 points 3 BA-10M Armoured Cars 162 points 4 BA-10M Armoured Cars 184 points

OPTIONS: • Swap ALL A/Cars for captured Type92 Armoured Cars at +10 pts each

(Sgt) Armoured Car (Sgt) Armoured Car (Sgt) Armoured Car

Imperial Japanese Artillery 46 - 47 -

0 – 1 C A P T U RE D L I G H T T A N K P L A T O O N

(Lieutenant) PLATOON HQ HQ SECTION WITH: 1 Type95 Tank 65 pts

2 Type95 Tanks 95 pts 3 Type95 Tanks 125 pts 4 Type95 Tanks 145 pts

(Sgt) Tank (Sgt) Tank (Sgt) Tank

The Type-95 Light Tank are rated as a FAST TANKS. As these are captured from Japanese stocks, the Type-95 employed by the Communists are UNRELIABLE!

0 – 1 L I G H T T A N K P L A T O O N

(Lieutenant) PLATOON HQ HQ SECTION WITH:

1 M-3 Tank 50 pts 2 M-3 Tanks 95 pts 3 M-3 Tanks 135 pts

(Sergeant) LIGHT TANK (Sergeant) LIGHT TANK

By 1941 the Russian supplied T-26’s had been all but eliminated. Allied replacements in the form of M-3 Stuarts0 – where 1 C short A P in T coming, U R E mainly D deployedT A N K to Southern P L A ManchuriaT O O N and Burma.

47 - 48 -

0 – 1 C A P T U RE D T A N K P L A T O O N

(Lieutenant) PLATOON HQ

HQ SECTION WITH: 1 Type97 Hv. Tank 60 pts 2 Type97 Hv Tanks 100 pts 3 Type97 Hv Tanks 175 pts

4 Type97 Hv tanks 225 pts

(Sgt) TYPE -97 TANK (Sgt) TYPE -97 TANK (Sgt) TYPE -97 TANK

By 1944 the mainstay of Communist armour was provided by captured Japanese Tanks and Tankettes. In 1945 the Soviet Army equipped the Chinese Red Army with several T-34/76 tanks

0 – 1 T – 3 4 T A N K P L A T O O N

(Lt) PLATOON HQ TANK HQ SECTION WITH: 1 T-34 Heavy Tank pts 2 T-34 Heavy Tanks pts 3 T-34 Heavy Tanks pts

(Sgt) T-34 TANK SECTION (Sgt) T-34 TANK SECTION

48 - 49 -

2 - 4 COMMUNIST GUERILLA RECONNAISSANCE PLATOON

HQ SECTION WITH: (Lt) PLATOON HQ 1 Rifle Section 28 points 2 Rifle Sections 42 points

3 Rifle Sections 64 points OPTIONS: • Add Machinegun Section +22 pts • Add additional Rifle Team +6 pts each • Add HMG Section +25 pts

GUERILLAS are rated as: CONFIDENT TRAINED

(Sergeant) INFANTRY SECTION (Sergeant) INFANTRY SECTION

(Sergeant) INFANTRY SECTION (Corporal) MACHINEGUN SECTION

(Corporal) HMG Team

49 - 50 - A CHINESE NATIONALIST COMPANY

1 Company HQ

2 Platoon HQ’s

3 1st Platoon, standard, (not reinforced), 6 Rifle Sections

4 2nd Platoon, standard, (not reinforced), 6 Rifle Sections

5 3rd Platoon, standard, (not reinforced), 6 Rifle Sections

6 Light-Machinegun Platoon with 6 MG Sections

7 Heavy Machinegun Platoon with 4 HMG Sections

8 Mortar Platoon with 2 81mm Mortar Sections

9 Anti-Tank Platoon with 4 Bazooka Teams

50 - 51 -

Name Mobility Range Front Side Top Equipment and Notes Weapon ROF Anti-Tank Firepower Fully Tracked 1 1 1 Co-Axial MG Russian T-26 Tank SLOW TANK 24"/60cm 2 7 4+ Limited vision, UNRELIABLE Fully Tracked 2 2 1 Co-Axial MG French R-35 Tank 24"/60cm 2 6 4+ Limited vision, UNRELIABLE Fully Tracked 3 2 1 Co-Axial MG US M-3 Stuart LIGHT TANK 24"/60cm 2 7 4+ No HE! Fully Tracked 6 4 1 Co-Axial MG & Hull MG US M4 Sherman A1 32"/80cm 2 10 3+ No HE! Fully Tracked 1 1 1 Co-Axial MG Captured Type-97 Tank FAST TANK 24"/60cm 3 5 5+ No HE! Fully Tracked 2 1 1 Co-Axial MG Captured Type-95 Tank FAST TANK 16"/40cm 2 5 5+ Wheeled 0 0 0 Cupola MG Type-92 Armoured Car 24"/60cm 3 2 6+ Limited vision Wheeled 1 0 0 Co-Axial MG & Hull MG BA-10M Armoured Car 24"/60cm 2 7 4+ Limited Vision Immobile 24"/60cm 1 10 2+ Gun shield. HE & smoke leFH18 10.5cm Howitzer 72"/180cm 4 4+ Firing bombardments Heavy 24"/60cm 1 10 2+ HE, Smoke bombardment US 105mm Howitzer 72"/180cm 4 4+ Firing bombardments Medium 24"/60cm 2 8 3+ HE, Smoke bombardment US M1a1 76mm Howitzer 64"/160cm 3 6 Firing bombardments Medium 24"/60cm 2 8 3+ K-02 76mm Howitzer 60"/160cm 3 6 Firing bombardments Light 16"/40cm 2 5 3+ Mod.92 70mm Gun 64"/160cm 3 6 Firing bombardments Light 16"/40cm 2 8 3+ Mod.94 37mm Gun 64"/160cm 2 6+ Firing bombardments Jeep/Staff Car Wheeled 0 0 0 Passenger fired MG Pak-38 AA Gun Light 16"/40cm 4 5 5+ Gun shield, turntable, AA-Gun Pak-36 Anti-Tank Gun Light 16"/40cm 3 6 4+ Gun shield Bazooka Anti-Tank Gun Man packed 24"/60cm 3 5 5+ ROF of 1 if pinned down Maxim/Browning HMG Man packed 24"/60cm 6 2 6+ ROF of 3 if pinned down Mortar team Man packed 40"/100cm 2 6+ Firing bombardments SMG team 4"/10cm 3 1 6 Full ROF when moving Rifle team 16"/40cm 1 2 6 MG team 16"/40cm 2 2 6 Staff team Moves as Hv. Gun team Cannot shoot AIRCRAFT Weapon To Hit Anti-Tank Firepower Notes Cannon 2+ 6 5+ Flown by US Pilots P-47 Thunderbolt Bombs 4+ 5 1+

51 - 52 -

COLLECTING, ASSEMBLING AND PAINTING A CHINESE FORCE

For infantry you cannot go to far wrong with the brilliant boxed set produced by Battle Front™ . Utilise Americans and British forces, mixed on their bases, throw in some Germans for the ‘coal scuttle’ helmet, MG’s and such like and you have a respectable looking Chinese Nationalist force.

ESCI/REVELL, ITALERI, AIRFIX and IMEX in 1:72nd do some wonderful sets of soldiers, mix and match them on your bases and you have a realistic looking Chinese Force. IMEX do wonderful sets for the Korean War. I recommend their Republic of Korea Troops for Chinese Nationalists –they are all wearing soft peaked caps and carrying minimalist equipment. They even have puttees and gaiters on their legs and are armed with US manufactured weapons. 1:72nd figures may be on the slightly larger side at 20mm rather than 15mm, but once based up correctly, does it really matter?

For vehicles you can utilise the full range of Battle Front™ vehicle lists. Soviet BM- 10m armoured cars, American M-4 Shermans, German Flak-36 guns. For captured Japanese equipment then you can ‘substitute’ for the following:

Japanese Armoured cars; use Humber LRC III’s; ref. BR331 Japanese trucks; use German Opel Blitz; ref. GE431 Japanese Type-97 Tank use Hungarian Toldi-1, ref. HU010 Japanese Type-95 Light-Tanks use Italian L6/40, ref. IT001 Japanese Model-94 37mm gun use Italian 65/17 gun, ref. IT561 Japanese Model-92 70mm gun use Soviet 76mm obr 1927 gun, ref. SU560 Japanese Model-14 105mm use German 10.5cm leFH18, ref. GE571 Japanese Model-41 75mm gun use Hungarian 80mm 5/8M gun

-Though you may like to note that SkyTrex do a small (limited) range of Japanese Artillery, Type95 and 97 tanks and heaps of soldiers.

PAINTING A CHINESE FORCE

Infantry wore light khaki coloured trousers and tops with olive green puttees over black boots or shoes. Equipment was all faded olive or khaki. German helmets where left in their steel-grey finish, US and British helmets where painted olive drab. The Nationalist insignia (common to both Kuomintang and CCP) was painted on the left side of helmets and on the front of the soft peaked cap. Some soldiers had blue tinged overalls issued and this was encountered in all manner of shades from denim blue through to incredibly washed out grey-blue. Some troops wore arm-bands on their left arm, often in either red or white with Chinese Characters. These signified specialist troops, HQ Bodyguards and detachments of Guerrillas when wearing civilian clothing.

Vehicles and equipment where painted a uniform Olive Drab, with the nationalist insignia of a white sun (with rays) on a blue square or circle either on the doors, front fender or the turret top of the tanks. Some captured Japanese tanks had the Japanese insignia converted to Nationalist by the addition of red triangles to the red sun emblem. Other Japanese tanks had the insignia eliminated altogether and replaced

52 - 53 - with a single red five pointed star on the turret sides. Others just sported a large Nationalist flag flying from the whip antenna. Some US supplied tanks retained the white five pointed star, some had the addition of the Chinese characters KT for Kuomintang. It largely depended on the commanders personal taste.

Company Flags and smaller, Platoon HQ flags where carried and bore the nationalist insignia with a white panel down the edge towards the pole. On this panel the Chinese characters for the battalion, company and platoon where written. The Battalion Flag bore the Chinese characters for NATIONALIST ARMY. The Communists sometimes substituted a single yellow star for the Nationalist Insignia on a plain red flag. Other Communist flags where simply plain red.

53 - 54 -

The Nationalist Flag was used from 1937 to 1944 when it was changed to that currently utilised by Taiwan. The Chinese Communist Party adopted the red flag with five yellow stars in late 1945, early 1946 but had appeared as a single yellow star (sometimes in the canton, sometimes in the centre) of a plain red flag before that.

The characters are the Chinese for NATIONALIST ARMY and where sometimes abbreviated to KT.

Flag, 1937 to 1944 Flag, 1944 to 1949

RANK BADGES FOR THE NATIONALIST ARMY:

Where a system of gold or silver triangles and bars of plastic or metal over an oblong square in the branch of service colour worn on both collars.

BRANCH OF SERVICE COLOURS

General Staff Gold Infantry Red Cavalry Yellow Artillery Blue Engineers White Commissariat Dark Red Medical Green Supply Train Black Military Police Pink

54 - 55 -

4

3

2

1

1) Silver triangles on branch-of-service coloured rectangle

2) Silver triangles on a dark-blue stripe, branch-of-service coloured rectangle

3) Gold triangles on a gold bar, gold edged rectangle. Branch-of-service coloured backing

4) Gold triangles on gold stripes with branch-of-service coloured backing

55 - 56 -

With the cessation of World War Two and the defeat of the Imperial Japanese Army, the Chinese Nationalists found a flood of equipment, material, armour and artillery filling the state arsenals. The Warlords where quite happy at this time to continue their petty squabling over prestige, territory and their favourite provinces whilst the Nationalist Army under Chiang Kai Sheck struggled to try and maintain peace, stability and order and unite the country as a single entity. Seizing their opportunity, the Red Army (now united) under the leadership of Mao Tse Tung marched out of Manchuria and swept the Nationalists before them.

With a surplus of captured Japanese Equipment seized by the triumphant Nationalists Alliances (both warlords, Guerilla groups and Nationalists under Chiang); the Nationalist army was able to re-equip itself and try to defend against the oncoming horde of the Chinese Red Army (albeit unscesfully!)

To continue the war on and into the Chinese Civil War, look no further than this book! The Warlord’s Forces can be taken from the Manchurian section of the Order of Battle, the Nationalist Army under Chiang from the Burma section and the Chinese Red Army (naturally) from the Communist section.

To represent the availability of tanks, artillery, mortars and machineguns, the Nationalist forces REDUCE the points costs for captured Japanese tanks, Artillery, Trucks and Armoured Cars by 10 points.

Warlords may field Allied Equipment (taken from the Burmese section) HOWEVER, must pay an ADDITIONAL 8 points per piece of equipment, Allied supplied Platoon, Tank or artillery piece.

The Soviet Army poured over the border into Manchuria during the closing stages of WW2 to attack the Japanese forces and sucesfully pushed them back to japan (seizing the Kurile Islands in the process and parts of kamchatchka) –These troops brought with them divisions of artillery, tanks, equipment and epaons which they quite hapilly furnished their Chinese red Army allies with. To reflect this the Chinese Red Army may take ANY piece of Soviet Equipment from any Soviet TO&E/Order of Battle book and pay the base cost for that unit/equipment type plus 8 points (irrespective of equipment type/cost) –HOWEVER: JS-2 Stalin Tanks, KV-1 Tanks, ISS-122mm SPG’s, SU-76’s and Soviet Aircraft are NOT ALLOWED under any circumstances! (The red Army was happy to give obsolete, innefective and outdated equipment away, but not their latest production heavy equipment!)

When you are wargaming the Chinese Civil War IGNORE the Animosity rule (after all, they are now killing each other and CANNOT ally no mater what the circumstance!) and ignore the Poor Morale and Discipline, Guerilla Forraging and the Communist Forces rule.

56 - 57 -

SELECTED, non-exhaustive bibliography and filmography

BOOKS

The Chinese Army 1937-49 World War II and Civil War, Philip Jowett & Stephen Walsh ISBN 1-84176-904-5 Published by OSPREY

Mao Jonathan Spence ISBN 0-297-64347-9 Published by Weidenfeld & Nicolson

The Armed Forces of World War II, Uniforms & Insignia Andrew Mollo ISBN 0-86288-350-4 Published By Little Brown & Co.

Armoured Fighting Vehicles Phillip Trewhitt ISBN 1-84084-328-4 Published by Dempsey Parr

FILMS

Lust Caution (Chinese film, English subtitles) -Excellent for Nationalists Forces

The Children of Huang Shi (Chinese/English) -Excellent for Communist Forces & Japanese uniforms (especially at the beginning)

The Empire of the Sun (English) -Excellent for Japanese uniforms/Air Force, Army and even P-51 Mustangs!

57 - 58 -

58 - 59 -

ALSO AVAILABLE:

The Complete Army Handbook on the IMPERIAL JAPANESE ARMY Manchuria and SE Asia 1940 – 1945

The Complete Army handbook for the Imperial Japanese Army in Manchuria and SE Asia 1940-1945 covers Imperial Japanese Forces both in China and SE Asia (Vietnam, Cambodia, Thailand, Malaysia, Singapore and Burma). A comprehensively updated and revised army list includes the Fortress garrisons of China/Manchuria and the Imperial Japanese Forces throughout the whole of the Manchuria/SE Asia theatre of operations. Banzai attacks, kamikaze attacks against tanks, the Field Police units (Kempetai) local Chinese ‘Scout’ battalions, the Special Naval Landing Forces of the Imperial Japanese Navy, barrage Mortars and a host of other bits and pieces from armoured cars to the A6M Zero.

Armed with this book you can field a Japanese force to invade Tibet, attack Hong Kong, cross the causeway into Singapore and hunt out and destroy Nationalist Chinese Forces in northern Manchuria and later even attack the Soviets.

Suitable for 1940-1945 this book can also be used for earlier in the war, 1937 and the invasion of China.

This book DOES NOT cover the PACIFIC or the defence of the Japanese Homeland; however the upcoming book PACIFIC covers both the Japanese forces and the United States Marine Corps!

Keep an eye out for these great titles. RRP £17.99 Available on eBay, sold by Chokdinok. Starting price £6.99

Published by www.lulu.com

By Dean Wilson

59 - 60 -

ALSO AVAILABLE:

The Complete Army Handbook for the UNITED STATES MARINE CORPS Pacific 1942 – 1946

The Complete Army Handbook for the USMC in the Pacific 1942 – 1946 covers the early involvement in the Pacific campaign through to the final assaults on the Imperial Japanese Homelands in 1945.

Included in this Flames of War compliant lists are the rules to field early D-Series Companies through to E-Series (deployed to Guadalcanal) and the later F-Series as deployed to Guam and Okinawa and beyond.

Armed with this book you can field a USMC Force comprising line companies, artillery and includes rules for the Engineers, the Battalion Landing Companies, Sherman ‘Donald Duck’ (Duplex Drive) Tanks, amphibians, half tracks, naval gunfire and support and dedicated USMC Air Support (Close Air)

This book covers various equipment and organisations from 1942 to 1946 with detailed Orders of Battle and Armoury section. A copy of the Flames of War rule book is required to successfully utilise this supplement; but it is compatible with any WW2 miniatures tabletop games including Alianz Zero.

Keep an eye out for these great titles. RRP £17.99 Available on eBay, sold by Chokdinok. Starting price £6.99

Published by www.lulu.com

By Dean Wilson

60