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Anolisresearch Smallwoodi ARTICLES (Squamata: Dactyloidae) WWW.IRCF.ORG/REPTILESANDAMPHIBIANSJOURNALTABLE OF CONTENTS IRCF REPTILES & IRCFAMPHIBIANS REPTILES • VOL 15,& NAMPHIBIANSO 4 • DEC 2008 •189 21(4):108–115 • DEC 2014 IRCF REPTILES & AMPHIBIANS CONSERVATION AND NATURAL HISTORY TABLE OF CONTENTS FEATURE ARTICLES Copulation. Chasing Bullsnakes (Pituophis catenifer sayi) inand Wisconsin: Oviposition in the On the Road to Understanding the Ecology and Conservation of the Midwest’s Giant Serpent ...................... Joshua M. Kapfer 190 . The Shared History of Treeboas (Corallus grenadensis) and Humans on Grenada: A HypotheticalGreen-blotched Excursion ............................................................................................................................ Giant Anole,Robert W. Henderson 198 AnolisRESEARCH smallwoodi ARTICLES (Squamata: Dactyloidae), . The Texas Horned Lizard in Central and Western Texas ....................... Emily Henry, Jason Brewer, Krista Mougey, and Gad Perry 204 . The Knight Anole (Anolis equestris) in Florida .............................................fromBrian J. Camposano,southeastern Kenneth L. Krysko, Kevin M. Enge, Ellen M.Cuba Donlan, and Michael Granatosky 212 CONSERVATIONYasel ALERT U. Alfonso1, Veronika Holanova2 and Kenneth L. Krysko1 . World’s Mammals in Crisis ............................................................................................................................................................. 220 1Florida Museum of. NaturalMore Than History, Mammals Division ...................................................................................................................................................................... of Herpetology, University of Florida, Gainesville, Florida 32611, USA (YUA: [email protected], 223 . The “Dow Jones Index” of Biodiversity ...........................................................................................................................................KLK: [email protected]) 225 2Department of Zoology, Faculty of Science, Charles University in Prague, CZ–128 43 Praha 2, Czech Republic ([email protected]) HUSBANDRY . Captive Care of the Central Netted Dragon ....................................................................................................... Shannon Plummer 226 PROFILE . Kraig Adler: A Lifetime Promoting Herpetology ................................................................................................ Michael L. Treglia 234 Abstract.—Crown-giant anole ecomorphs have evolved independently across the Greater Antilles (Cuba, Hispaniola, Jamaica, and PuertoCOMMENTARY Rico), but only a few of these species have well documented life histories. Herein we report pre- viously undocumented. The Turtles observations Have Been Watching of Me copulation, ........................................................................................................................ oviposition, and hatchlings for the Green-blotchedEric Gangloff 238 Giant Anole (Anolis smallwoodiBOOK) of REVIEWsoutheastern Cuba. We observed eight mating events (three with A. s. smallwoodi and five with A. s. palardis) along .theThreatened coastline Amphibians between of the World Santiago edited by de S.N. Cuba Stuart, and M. Hoffmann, Guantánamo J.S. Chanson, Province N.A. Cox, during June 2010 and September 2011. One female A.R. Berridge, s. palardis P. Ramani, mated and B.E. withYoung ..............................................................................................................two males in the same territory. Females Robertdig Powella hole 243 with their snouts, oviposit single eggs,CONSERVATION and cover RESEARCHthem with REPORTS: substrate. Summaries We monitoredof Published Conservation eight Researcheggs incubated Reports ................................. in slightly 245 moist vermiculite. The minimum incubationNATURAL HISTORY times wereRESEARCH 54–69 REPORTS days (varying: Summaries withof Published temperature). Reports on Natural Juveniles History ................................. usually are 247 colored like adults, NEWBRIEFS ...................................................................................................................................................................................... 248 bright green with EDITORIAL white spots INFORMATION on the body, ..................................................................................................................................................... pale postlabial bands, and suprascapular stripes. 251 FOCUS ON CONSERVATION: A Project You Can Support ............................................................................................... 252 Key words: crown-giant, copulation, oviposition, hatchling tudies of Anolis lizards have indicated an important role cific (Novo Rodríguez 1985, Estrada and Novo Rodríguez Sfor natural selection acting onFront morphology Cover. Shannon (Losos Plummer. and 1986;Back Silva Cover. et Michael al. 1982; Kern Estrada 1987, 1993; Robinson 2014) Totat et velleseque audant mo Totat et velleseque audant mo de Queiroz 1997, Calsbeek and Smithestibus inveliquo 2007) velique and rerchilphysiol - andestibus interspecific inveliquo velique (Alfonso rerchil et al. 2012) communal sites. ogy (Calsbeek and Irschick 2007,erspienimus, Calsbeek quos etaccullabo. al. 2008). Ilibus erspienimus, Crown-giant quos accullabo. Ilibusanole ecomorphs have evolved multiple aut dolor apicto invere pe dolum aut dolor apicto invere pe dolum Differences in body size are thoughtfugiatis to maionsequatreflect differences eumque in timesfugiatis across maionsequat the eumqueGreater Antilles (Cuba: Anolis baracoae, A. microhabitat use, and are importantmoditia traits erere nonsedisin the ma ecomor sectiatur - equestrismoditia erere, A.nonsedis luteogularis ma sectia- , A. noblei, A. pigmaequestris, A. small- ma derrovitae voluptam, as quos tur ma derrovitae voluptam, as phological diversification of anolesaccullabo. (Butler and Losos 2002, woodi; Hispaniola: A. baleatus, A. barahonae, A. ricordii; Butler et al. 2007). Environmental factors such as tempera- Jamaica: A. garmani; and Puerto Rico: A. cuvieri, A. roosevelti; ture, photoperiod, precipitation, relative humidity, and food see Rodríguez-Schettino 1999, Henderson and Powell 2009, availability are important in the coordination of seasonal Losos 2009). Anolis smallwoodi Schwartz 1964 (Fig. 1A–C) reproductive processes and also may help ensure that anoles has been found inhabiting both lowland and upland areas, will hatch at the most appropriate time of year to give them semi-deciduous, evergreen, gallery, and rain forests, man- their best chance at survival (Domínguez et al. 2010). groves, and coffee plantations (Rodríguez-Schettino 1999, Anolis lizards have low fecundity, with one egg per ovipo- Henderson and Powell 2009). This species has large home sition and several clutches per season (reviewed in Henderson ranges and multiple individuals are rarely observed together and Powell 2009). However, of the 64 currently recognized (Fläschendräger and Wijfels 1996, 2009); however, males and species of Cuban anoles (Rodríguez-Schettino et al. 2013), females can be observed together during the breeding season the reproductive cycle is known for only seven (A. allisoni, (VH, pers. obs.; Fig. 1D). Coloration in nature can vary indi- A. allogus, A. homolechis, A. bartschi, A. lucius, A. porcatus, vidually and geographically (Rodríguez-Schettino 1999), and A. sagrei; see Domínguez et al. 2010 and references therein). occasional deep-green individuals have blue spots on the dor- Regarding oviposition, some authors have described intraspe- sum (Fig. 1E). Copyright © 2014. Yasel U. Alfonso. All rights reserved. 108 ALFONSO ET AL. IRCF REPTILES & AMPHIBIANS • 21(4):108–115 • DEC 2014 Fig. 1. Anolis smallwoodi smallwoodi on the southeastern coast of Cuba. A: Adult female perching face-down on a tree trunk. B: Adult male jumping on a branch of Dichrostachys cinerea. C: Adult female captured on a tree trunk, arrow indicate the blueness of the nuchal crest. D: paired couple during the breed- ing season. E: Adult female, note the strong yellow coloration on the head, blue coloration around the suprascapular stripe, and blue spots alternating with the bright green coloration on dorsum. Photographs from southeastern Santiago de Cuba province: Verraco (A, C–E) and Siboney-Jutici (B). Photographs by Veronika Holanova (A, C–E) and Yasel U. Alfonso (B). Copulation time, oviposition, or hatching have been Materials and Methods reported for some Greater Antillean crown-giant species Study area and focal populations.—We conducted fieldwork (summarized in Henderson and Powell 2009). In this paper, from June 2010 to September 2011 at 1000–1500 h along our aim is to describe these natural history data for Anolis the coastline between Santiago de Cuba and Guantánamo smallwoodi from semi-arid microhabitats in southeastern Provinces in southeastern Cuba. Dominant vegetation con- Cuba. sisted of xerophytic scrub, microphyllous evergreen for- 109 ALFONSO ET AL. IRCF REPTILES & AMPHIBIANS • 21(4):108–115 • DEC 2014 est, dry microphylous forest, and coastal hyperxeromorphic advances when he climbed onto her back. At that point, males semidesert scrub (Capote and Berazaín 1984, Reyes 2006). made a sudden lateral movement and grasped the female, We surveyed four localities for mating behavior (copula- effectively rendering her immobile (Fig. 2A). The male’s grip tion) in Anolis smallwoodi (A. s. smallwoodi in Santiago de on the female’s
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