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Th e citizen participation of people with disabilities. ISSN Versión impresa: 1992-2159; ISSN Versión electrónica: 2519-5697 Biotempo, 2021, 18(1), jan-jun.: 63-74. Biotempo (Lima) https://revistas.urp.edu.pe/index.php/Biotempo ORIGINAL ARTICLE / ARTÍCULO ORIGINAL ECOLOGICAL CHARACTERISTICS OF ANOLIS HOMOLECHIS (COPE, 1864) (SQUAMATA: DACTYLOIDAE) IN THE NATIONAL ECOLOGICAL RESERVE “MOGOTES DE JUMAGUA”, VILLA CLARA, CUBA CARACTERÍSTICAS ECOLÓGICAS DE ANOLIS HOMOLECHIS (COPE, 1864) (SQUAMATA: DACTYLOIDAE) EN LA RESERVA ECOLÓGICA NACIONAL “MOGOTES DE JUMAGUA”, VILLA CLARA, CUBA Rafael Armiñana-García1; Rigoberto Fimia-Duarte2*; Pedro María Alarcón-Elbal3; Ángel Arias- Barreto4; María Patricia Zambrano-Gavilanes5 & José Iannacone6,7 1 Universidad Central “Marta Abreu” de Las Villas, Villa Clara, Cuba. E-mail: [email protected] 2* Facultad de Tecnología de la Salud y Enfermería (FTSE). Universidad de Ciencias Médicas de Villa Clara (UCM-VC), Cuba. E-mail: [email protected] 3 Instituto de Medicina Tropical & Salud Global (IMTSAG), Universidad Iberoamericana (UNIBE), Santo Domingo, República Dominicana. E-mail: [email protected] 4 Centro de Estudios y Servicios Ambientales (CESAM). Villa Clara, Cuba 5 Facultad de Medicina Veterinaria y Zootecnia, Universidad Técnica de Manabí, Ecuador. E-mail: marypatt1982@hotmail. com ; [email protected] 6 Laboratorio de Parasitología. Facultad de Ciencias Biológicas. Escuela de posgrado (EPG). Universidad Ricardo Palma (URP). 7 Laboratorio de Ecología y Biodiversidad Animal (LEBA). Grupo de Investigación en sostenibilidad Ambiental (GISA). Escuela Universitaria de Posgrado (EUPG). Universidad Nacional Federico Villarreal (UNFV). Lima, Perú. E-mail: [email protected] * Corresponding author: rigoberto.fi [email protected] Rafael Armiñana García: https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2655-7002 Rigoberto Fimia Duarte: https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5237-0810 Pedro María Alarcón Elbal: https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5319-4257 Ángel Arias Barreto: https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0451-9582 María P. Zambrano Gavilanes: https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8203-4049 José Iannacone: https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3699-4732 ABSTRACT An ecological study of Anolis homolechis (Cope, 1864) (Squamata: Dactyloidae), a Cuban endemic reptile, is presented in the “Mogotes de Jumagua” National Ecological Reserve, located in the municipality of Sagua la Grande, Villa Clara province. Th e following parameters were taken into account: substrate, activity period, ecomorphs, diet, courtship and population; in addition, sympatric species were determined. Th is species was observed using tree trunks, shrubs, soil and doi:10.31381/biotempo.v18i1.3931 63 Revista Biotempo: ISSN Versión Impresa: 1992-2159; ISSN Versión electrónica: 2519-5697 Armiñana-García et al. stones, and presented its major activity between 11:01 am and 12 m. It also showed preference for feeding on insects, especially hymenoptera, and was found in cohabitation with four other anole species, although without establishing competition for the substrate. Key words: Anolis – ecological study – endemic reptile – National Ecological Reserve – Villa Clara RESUMEN Se presenta un estudio ecológico de Anolis homolechis (Cope, 1864) (Squamata: Dactyloidae), reptil endémico cubano, en la Reserva Ecológica Nacional “Mogotes de Jumagua”, enclavada en el municipio Sagua la Grande, provincia Villa Clara. Se tomaron en cuenta los siguientes parámetros: sustrato, periodo de actividad, ecomorfos, alimentación, cortejo y población; además, se determinaron las especies simpátricas. Esta especie se observó utilizando troncos de árboles, arbustos, suelo y piedras, y presentó su mayor actividad entre las 11:01 am y las 12 m. Asimismo, mostró preferencia por alimentarse de insectos, especialmente himenópteros, y se encontró en cohabitación con otras cuatro especies de Anolis, aunque sin establecer competencia por el sustrato. Palabras clave: Anolis – estudio ecológico – reptil endémico – Reserva Ecológica Nacional –Villa Clara INTRODUCCIÓN y ocho especies que, junto con las autóctonas, suman 21 familias, 32 géneros y 161 especies. La Lista Roja de la El conocimiento de los reptiles en las Antillas comenzó UICN (Unión Internacional para la Conservación de la con los cronistas de Indias. Posteriormente, Linnaeus Naturaleza) reconoce 13 especies de reptiles cubanos bajo (1758) describió algunas de las especies sobre la base de alguna categoría de amenaza. Sin embargo, evaluaciones su nueva clasificación binomial, pero las publicaciones más recientes a nivel nacional consideran que al menos apenas fueron aumentando. En Cuba, hubo un 83 especies (52 %) se encuentran amenazadas, y muchas incremento en el número de trabajos herpetológicos entre de ellas en las categorías más apremiantes: 20 en peligro 1850 y 1900, también a principios de siglo (Gundlach, y 44 en peligro crítico (González et al., 2012; Astudillo et 1880; Barbour & Ramsden, 1919), y que fue más notable al., 2015; Cádiz et al., 2018; García et al., 2020). a partir del último tercio del siglo XX, momento en el que comenzaron a destacar los especialistas cubanos (Buide, Se concuerda con Rodríguez-Schettino et al. (2003) que, 1967; Garrido & Schwartz, 1968; Berovides, 1980; muchas especies de reptiles en Cuba viven en los árboles, Garrido & Jaume, 1984; Estrada, 1994; Berovides, 1995; por ser allí donde encuentran condiciones adecuadas Rodríguez-Schettino & Lizana,1997; Estrada & Ruibal, para sobrevivir, refugio, alimento, y sitios para asolarse. 1999), hasta la fecha (Sampedro, 2002; Díaz & Abreu, En Cuba, se encuentran 63 especies del género Anolis 2005; Estrada, 2012; Rodríguez-Schettino et al., 2013; Daudin, 1802 (Squamata: Dactyloidae), de las que 60 Borroto et al., 2015; Rodríguez-Cabrera et al., 2016; (95,2 %) son endémicas cubanas (Rodríguez-Schettino Cajigas-Gandia et al., 2018; Armas & Iturriaga, 2019; & Rivalta, 2003; Navarro & Garrido, 2004; González & León-Amador et al., 2019). Rodríguez-Schettino, 2010). La diversidad de reptiles en Cuba se puede considerar alta: Los lagartos cubanos pertenecientes al género Anolis no están representados de forma autóctona tres de los cuatro han sido estudiados todos por igual, aunque A. homolechis órdenes vivientes, 18 familias, 27 géneros y 153 especies, (Cope, 1864) ha sido de los más beneficiados. Esta con un endemismo del 88 %, incluyendo una familia y lagartija endémica presenta una distribución geográfica, cuatro géneros; en la isla habita el 1,5 % de las especies altitudinal y ecológica muy amplias, y gran capacidad de del mundo (William, 1972; Uetz et al., 2019). Además, adaptación a diferentes condiciones ambientales, debido, existe un grupo de especies introducidas que incrementa en parte, a su alta variabilidad genética, demostrada en el número de taxones presentes (Borroto et al., 2015). patrones electroforéticos de plasma, hígado y proteínas Estos últimos se agrupan en cinco familias, seis géneros musculares (Espinosa et al., 1983; Rodríguez-Schettino, 64 Ecological characteristics of Anolis homolechis 1999a). A nivel morfológico, esta especie es de mediano bosques tropicales (Rengifo et al., 2019), por lo que esta tamaño (machos alrededor de 6 cm, hembras algo información también podría utilizarse en este sentido en menores) y tiene color castaño, aunque con una fase el futuro. oscura donde se ven totalmente negros. Se diferencia del resto de Anolis por su abanico o pliegue gular, de color blanco o grisáceo claro, incluso blanco con medialunas grises opacas, de un tamaño considerable comparado con MATERIALES Y MÉTODOS el resto del cuerpo, por su cresta caudal desarrollada y por su iris de color pardo, en ocasiones con visos verde Área de muestreo metálico (Rodríguez-Schettino, 1999a; Chirino et al., 1990). La reserva ecológica “Mogotes de Jumagua” se encuentra ubicada al oeste de la ciudad Sagua la Grande, provincia El objetivo de la presente investigación estuvo dirigido Villa Clara, Cuba, a unos 2 km aproximadamente, a determinar las características ecológicas de este lagarto ubicándose también como punto de referencia en la endémico en los “Mogotes de Jumagua”, enclavados en el carretera Circuito Norte, que une a la ciudad de Sagua la municipio de Sagua la Grande, provincia de Villa Clara, Grande con el municipio Quemado de Güines (Vallejo, con el propósito último de profundizar sobre aspectos 2017). como el sustrato en el que habitan, su horario de mayor actividad, la existencia de especies simpátricas, ecomorfos Esta zona fue declarada Área Protegida en 1984, y presentes, su alimentación, los rituales de cortejo y las posteriormente Reserva Ecológica. La reserva se enmarca características de la población. Todo este conocimiento en una superficie de 362 has. Se caracteriza por la pretende impactar positivamente en su conservación en presencia de paisajes donde se destacan ocho elevaciones Cuba, por lo que se coincide con Henderson & Powell de características mogotiformes y formaciones vegetales. (2009), en que el desarrollo socioeconómico cubano ha Los mogotes se encuentran numerados en una secuencia afectado algunos de los hábitats donde viven las especies que va desde el 1 al 8. El punto de máxima altura de la del género Anolis, por lo que es ineludible conocerlas para cordillera se encuentra a 86 msnm en la que solo dos de sus revertir, en lo posible, los efectos negativos que sobre ellas estructuras (número 1 y 2), ubicadas en el extremo este, impone la acción humana. Asimismo, ciertos estudios aparecen separadas. El resto muestra su compactación y recientes
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    BULLETINISSN 0145-9058 OF CARNEGIE MUSEUM OF NATURAL HISTORY PHYLOGENETIC SYSTEMATICS OF CROTAPHYTID LIZARDS (REPTILIA: IGUANIA: CROTAPHYTIDAE) JIMMY A. McGUIRE NUMBER 32 PITTSBURGH, 1996 BULLETIN of CARNEGIE MUSEUM OF NATURAL HISTORY PHYLOGENETIC SYSTEMATICS OF CROTAPHYTID LIZARDS (REPTILIA: IGUANIA: CROTAPHYTIDAE) JIMMY A. McGUIRE Department of Biology, San Diego State University, San Diego, California 92182-0057 Current address: Department of Zoology and Texas Memorial Museum, The University of Texas at Austin, Austin, Texas 78712-1064. NUMBER 32 PITTSBURGH, 1996 BULLETIN OF CARNEGIE MUSEUM OF NATURAL HISTORY Number 32, pages 1-143, 52 figures Issued 25 June 1 996 James E. King, Director Editorial Staff: John L. Carter, Editor-, Bradley C. Livezey, Editor-, David R. Watters, Editor Mary Ann Schmidt, ELS, Assistant Editor Cover illustration: An adult male Crotaphytus dickersonae photographed approximately 2 km north of Bahia Kino Nuevo, Sonora, Mexico (see Fig. 3 IB). BULLETINS OF CARNEGIE MUSEUM OF NATURAL HISTORY are published at irregular intervals by Carnegie Museum of Natural History, 4400 Forbes Avenue, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania 15213-4080, by the authority of the Board of Trustees of Carnegie Institute. © 1996 by Carnegie Institute, all rights reserved. ISSN 0145-9058 THE CARNEGIE MUSEUM OF NATURAL HISTORY Contents Abstract Introduction Historical Review Materials and Methods 6 Frequency Coding Allozyme Data Set 8 Ingroup Monophyly 8 Choice of Terminal Taxa 9 Outgroup Taxa 9 Morphology and Character Descriptions 11 Skull Roof 11 Palate 18 Braincase 20 Mandible 20 Miscellaneous Features of the Head Skeleton 24 Axial Skeleton 27 Pectoral Girdle 30 Pelvic Girdle 31 Limbs 32 Squamation 32 Pockets and Folds 36 Additional Morphological Characters 40 Coloration t 42 Behavioral Characters 52 Character List 54 Results 57 Discussion 63 Comparison with Previous Hypotheses 63 Character Evolution 65 Taxonomic Accounts 67 Crotaphytidae 67 Crotaphytus 68 C.
  • Mapping Biodiversity in Cuba

    Mapping Biodiversity in Cuba

    Earthwatch 2019 Field Report Mapping Biodiversity in Cuba Report authors Natalia Rossi, PhD. Wildlife Conservation Society Maikel Cañizares. Instituto de Ecología y Sistemática, La Habana. Cuba Lucia Hechavarria. Instituto de Ecología y Sistemática, La Habana. Cuba Pedro González. Centro de Investigaciones y Servicios Ambientales. Holguín. Cuba Tomás Michel Rodríguez. Sociedad Cubana de Zoología Aslam Castellón Maure. Sociedad Cubana de Zoología Maydiel Cañizares. Sociedad Cubana de Zoología Photography Photos by ©Aslam I. Castellón Maure, ©Maikel Cañizares, and ©Rosario Dominguez Reporting period January 1, 2019 – December 31, 2019 PAGE 1 LETTER TO VOLUNTEERS Dear Earthwatch volunteers, As we embark into our 2020 Earthwatch field expeditions, we wanted to take the time to reflect on our collective efforts in 2019 and share some of our highlights. Thanks to your commitment, motivation, and insatiable curiosity we had an incredible 2019! Together, we continue to discover and protect the biodiversity of Lomas de Banao Ecological Reserve. During 2019, we continued to support the conservation of this Reserve’s outstanding biodiversity. With your help, we planted over 1000 trees of native species that will enrich the forest for generations to come. We recorded new species in Banao, including a critically endangered and endemic Anolis lizard who will now call Banao home. We deepened our understanding of the seasonal dynamics of birds in Banao looking into the behavioral adjustments of native birds when, all the sudden, have to cope with the influx of numerous winter migrants. We discovered that Cuban parakeets switched their nesting grounds into the northern side of the Reserve, and built and placed artificial nests to support Cuban trogons, pygmy owls and bare-legged owls in the reproduction season.