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(A.Lowrie 1394,| 405,A.Lo\rrie & S.Cieisen s.n. 10 Feb. 1995, R. t. ,Qffett 250,617,825)were grown in anunheated glasshouse in Pefihduring thesummer from I 989to 1996.
Thc early collcctions of Byblisaquat ica, B.filiJolia andB. linflora wcre cultivatedannually from the prcviousseason's hand-pollinated seed. Inl996, B. roridq wascultivated for thefirst time with B. qqucttica, l). filifolia and B. linfloru under idcntical conditions
Seedrvas germinate d by firstsoaking the seed in a solutionof l0 mlof gibbcrcllicacid to 1000mlof distillcdwater for 24 hours. Seedwas surface sown onto sphagnum peat moss in l5 cm diam.plastic pots. Thepots wcrewatered from belowbystandingthem in a trayholding a 2 ctn depth ofwater' Naturalsunlight was provided broken by 30% shadccloth
Morphologicaldescriptions were drawn up usingdried, spirit, fresh and cultivated material. The illustrationswere drawn from fresh material.
Taxonomictreatment
Table I comparesthc morphological charactcristics ofthe fourspeciesof8l'6lti in norrhenlAustralia Figurc I providesa generalizedgeographical distribution for thesespecies.
TabJe1. Morphologicalcomparison ofthe fbur specicsof B,r'rrs in no hcm Australia
R. oquotica B. Jilifolis B. litriflort B, ro ds
Plants height upto5cml 20-60cm 5-l5cm 6-30cm
Sepals length l-4 mm 4.5-6.5mm 3-5.5mm 3.5-4.5mm stalkedglands short SNOTI short long sessileglands aDSent aDsent absent present
Corolla adaxialsurface puelc mauve pinkishmauve abaxialsurface purplc white,yellow white or yellow with mauvestripes Anthers length < filaments -- filaments < filaments > fllaments
Sceds length l-1.3mm 0.5-0.6mm 0.6-0.8mm 0.7-0.8mm longitudinalridges smooth. denticulate minutely minutely prominent denticulate denticulate, crenulate transversendges absent decp shallorv shallorv
'stcms bccor)ringniuch longcr (up 10 15 cnt but then stragglingor iloating BlloJllu'g spue18pcllets q1r,n pa.te,roo qltrol8 lual elrue,rnI leordu pue sleJr ped :3uol urug g-g g spuu13pa11u1s iur:ueq sled;rg :g EplloIB spue;8elsses q1r,r '(xede pc.le^oc,{lesuep qt,{or83ee1 alrue,lni lEJrdD pue scspq led3s aqt .rcau,{lletcedse) sleJrped:8uol ruru E I-l 0 eElesll]lnpue18 Fuuucq sledeg g ' . ... errlenbe'g se8pr.r€slelsuull ou lnq seSpuluurpnlt8uoltueutuold'qtooLus q1r,n'3uo1 ruu g 1-1spees:sa^pol crll ueqlreuoqs Jo sD3uo1 se slecrped :6urloou ro 3ur133er1s'pelz8uole sluel(l :Z sJoUIull'{I ucr,lleq saFprresre^suurl ,\\olluqs puu sc8prrleurpnlriuol alulncrluap flelnurur q1r,n'Buo1 u[u g g-9.6spees ,tceJe lsa,teeleql uuqlre8uol ro su6uo1 se slccrpcd:,{qsnq sluuld Z " " € slueuull]eqt uuqtje8uolro 'seSuol s€ sleqluv :t Z sluetu€lueql u€rllrouoql^ sraqluv l
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Byblis aquatica l,orvrie& Conran, sp. zov
B. /inifloraeSalisb. affinis sed pcdicellis fblia aequantibusvel cis brevioribus,fbliis secusaxcn't majoremdispersis;axe majore in statujuveni)i brevitcr crecto, demum supra herbaspropinquis inclinatis, sedin statumaturo ad 45 cm longosupra terram efl'usos vel in habitationibusinundatis natanti differt. lpzs. OnRcdclifte Road, c. 1km northofthej unction \\'ith Elizabeth Valley Road, Noonamah, Northern Tenitory,t2",14'S, I31'03' E,28 April 1995,A.Lovt'ie|117(lolo PERfH 04658906;r.sor DNA, MEL)
A fibrous-rootedar nualherh with leavcsscattered along an elongated major axis, up to 5 cm long andcrect whcn.juvenilc,5- l5 cm longand lcaningon nearbyherbs rvhen oldcr,15-45 cm longand stragglingovcr tlte ground or floalingwhen the habitat floods in thewet season.Leave-t terete, tapering torvardsa smal)apicalknob-like swelling,2-4 cm (mostly 3-3.5 cm) long, greenish maroon, covered rvith numerousviscid, stalkcd insectivorous glands- lnflorescence ofsolitary axillary flowers,many-florvcred butf'ew flon ersopen at thc same time . Peclicelsl.5-3 cm(nostly2-2.5cm)long. .Sela1sovate,3-4mm long, 1.2- I .5 mm w ide,glands stalked, almost glabrous. /'ela/s obovate. adaxial andabaxial surface puryle,5-7 mm long,2.5-4.5rnm tvide, margins entire, apex crcnate. S/arler.s 5, fllaments 2-2.5 mm long, anthers0.9-1.3 mrn long. Oyar-r 0.8-l mm long,with a f'ewglands on the apexat anthesis S't-./e 2-2.5mm long;stigmarvith numerous papillae. (.'a2szle broadly obovoid,3-4 mm long,2.5-4mm wide ,leerls l-1.3 mm long, black,witlt smooth,prominent longitudinaJ ridgcs but no transverseridgcs (Figure2)
Otherspecintens exanlned NOR'I'HERNTERRITORY: Iloward Rivcr,3 Apr. 1988',l Lowrie 10 (PERTll); near"DryDump",Elrundie Road, Palmerston. 14Apr. 1990,A Lowrie'7 4 ( l'ERTH);1.6km SEofChungWah Terrace, on ElrundicRoad, Palmcrston,23 Apr.1991,A I'ov'rie891 (PERTH);Gunn PointRoad. c. I knrnorthwards of HorvardRiver [Jridgc, Howard Springs, 24 Apr.1994 ' A. Lovrie 897 (l,llRTtJ);onFlopervellRoad, I km liom BerrySprings,2TApr. 1994,A Lowie 932(PEK|H);Noonamah pumpingstation, 7 Jan.1991,P. Simmttns 14 (PERTH); 17.7 km liom Beny Springsalong Cox Peninsular Roadhcading to Mandorah.3 I Mar. 199I , P..Sir?/rors s r' (PERTH)
Distributiotl.h:bli.s aq uot ic.1is distributcd from Darwinto BerrySprings in theNorthern Tcritory
Hdb itat.Byb li,\ .t q1t.ill..,r grows in fi nec layey sand in u,ctseason-floodcd depress ions and on thc shorcs of freshwaterlagoolts in shallowwater.
Flov,ering periocl. Januaryto May.
Conservqtiolstalus. Bl,blis aquatica is a contmonspecies in theNofthern Territory and is currently not underthrcat.
Etynohtg:. The epithct, .r./r/4llca,is taken from the l-atin, a4zallcrr- - growing in water'
A/Jinities. lntheDanvin region 11.)'b1r.saqualicq and B. liniflora are Ltftcnfound neareach othcr' but alrvaysin differentItabitat niches. I n thccase of B.oqr.ralic.r the habitat is always flooded to a shallow depthin the wet season,rvhercas B. /irl1ola is restrictedto the nearbyhighcr, well drainedsoils.
Byhlis u1uaticuhas thc follorving featuresthat differ from thosc of B /lrflo/".r, the contmsting featureso ftlle latterbc ing g ivenin parenthescs:flowers purplc (flowers pinkish mauvc); leaves green ish - - :urnlrioui.'-:t :tq.d 0 :tcd.\ J:uo|.i\J0.1 fl :ri(oLt ur lulrldto trqrLl- y Dut tbDTIqIU Z:ltli;r.J
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Byblisfilifolia Planch.(Planchon I 848:305-306). 712e; North west coast ofNew HollandlAustralial, nodate,Bynoes.n. inHerb. Hook. (1ecto, here designated: K); singlespecimen onsharedsheet, labelled " "8.fili/blia N.W.Coast, A ustralia,n o date,.Blroe s. tr. in Herb.Hook. (r.to1eclo: K).
Byblislirriflorasubsp. occtulentslis Conran & Lowrie (Conran& Lowrie 1993:l7 5- l'19).Type:Yansittaft Bay,unnamed creek running into Pauline Bay, mouth ofcreek above tidal influence, Western Australia, 22May 1984,S.J. Forbes2095 (holo; PERTH 01490281 (specimen on right);r'ro; PERTII(spccimcn on left),MEL, L).
A fibrous rooted a,rnual herb with leavcsscattered along a rathcr woody ma.ioraxis, Plantserect or leaningon nearbyherbs forsupport 20-60 cm in height.,eQtes terete, tapering towards a smallapical knob-Jikeswelling, 3 - I 5 cm (mostJy4- 8 cm) long,covered with rumerousv iscid,stalked insectivorous glands.Infl orescenceofsolitary axillary flowers,m any-flowered,ap ical clustersofmany openflowers areproduced atthe peakofanthesis. Pedicels 3-l0cm (mostly4-7 cm) long. Sepalsobcuneate or lanceolate,4.5-6.5 mm long,1 .2- I .8mm wide,surface and margins denscly glandular' Pel.rls obovate, mauve,abaxialsurfhcc white,yellow oryellow rvith mauve radiating stripes, l0- | 5 mm long,9-10mm wide, marginsentirc, apex irregularlyserrate. .Slamezs 5, filaments1-3 mm long,anthers 2.5-3.5 mm long. Oyary I .2-l .5mm long,densely glandular on thc apex at anthesis. .Sl-|*1e 4.5-5.5 mm long,apex with numerous papillae.Capsulebroadly obovoid, 3.5- 4.5 mm long,4.5-5mm wide.Seed.r 0.5-0.6 mm long,rvith denticulatelongitudinal ridges and dcep transverse ridges between. (Figure 3)
Other specimensexumined. WESTERN AUS'IRALIA: De Grey River, 1940, NI Burbidge 1006 (PERTH);c.5 km W ofBeverleySprings Homestcad, l2 Aug.1975, A.S. George 12237 (PERTH);Weaber PlainsRoad, I Apr. 1988,A. Lctwrie6(P ERTH); Gibb Riverroad, Dawn Creek crossing, I 8 June1993, A. Lowrie 122(I'ERTII);G ibbRiverroad. Russ Creek crossing,25 June 1993, '4. Lourle 771(PERTH); 2 kmN oftheKingEdward Rivercrossing, Kimberley,23 June 1994, A. Lwrie 9'10(PERTH)13.5 km SE oflloneymoonBcach, NW ofKalumburu,26 Junc1994, A. Lowrie I 006(PERTtl); Dominic Creek on theroad to PagoMiss ion, 26 JuncI 994,A. Lovrie I 008(PERTH); Unam on Creekon the road to Pago Mission,26 June1994, A. Lowrie 1020(PERTH); On GibbRiver-Kununurra road at Rolly'sJumpup, DurackRiver Station, 28 June1994, A. Lovne I 040(PERTH); l5 km W ofKununurra,26 Apr. 1995, ,1.Zr.,nzre 1 1 10 (PERTH);King Edward Rivcrcrossing, Kimber1ey,26 Apr.1996,A. Lowrre 1399(PERTH); c. 0.5km W of LittleMerten's Creek Helipad, 28 Apr. 1996.A. Lowrie l4l0 (PERTII)i 45.4km E of Kununurra,8 May 1996,A. Lowtie 1463(PERTH);c. I km N ofTaylor'slagoon,26 June 1997,4. Lowrie 1698(PERTH); 6.2 km W of-l'aylor'st.agoon,26 June 1997 , A. Lowrie1104(PERTH);Miangii, E side ofvansittartBay, Kimberley,25 Mar. 1993,A. A. Mitchell2922(PERTH);Poft I lcdland airyot,28 June 1969,H.vanDan 122(AD, PIIRTII). NORTI IERN TERRITORY: Nearwatercourse 44 km SW of HookerCreek settlement, I 5 Apr. 1959, G. Chippendales.r. (PERTH); Woolaning,4 Apr. 1981,CR. Dunktp& L. Craven 5923(PERTH); 147m ile[235.2 km] peg,Stuart Highway,4 Apr. 1965,l.S George6517 (PERTH); Cox River Station, 9 Aug. 1977.T.S. Henshal|1612 (PF RTH).
Di.etrihution.Byblisfli/i ia is distributedfrom th e Port Hedlandregion to the L ittle SandyDesert and GreatSandy Desert; throughout the Kimberlcy in WesternAustralia and adj oin ing regions in Northcm Territory;and south-west ofthe Katherineregion towards the'l'anami Desert. )t1tt.rl '-]lol-+ 9 I u,\\P.rO ullu I = lls roJ l?q .prs olr(hr] piis, D :unr]]ou.{"., -J :tunri:rou,ti pun surrunts-:l:trlid - -:) - _V C:ledes :uort.es.Jril B:r.,{oll L torldlo lrqDrl nprttJ stqtg t efit1
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Habitat.Byblis lili/b1la growsin sandysoils in savannahu,oodland, irr sandy soils on rivcr andcreek margins,frcsh waterseepage areas, watcrsheds in sandl'loam and in skeletalsoils over sandstone pavements.
Flov,ering p,evi6al. March to Junc.
A//inities. ByhlisJillblla can be rcadily distinguishedfiom B. dquqticqa\d B. lini.flora by its anthts aslong as, or longcrthanthefllamentsandlrom B.rorida byhavingplants erect or leaningon ncarby herbsfor supportand 20-60 cm in height;densely glandular scpals; and by thc lackof sessileglands on the pediccls,sepal bases and apicaljuvenileleafgrowth.
Conserv.ttionstalus. Bybli.sfltfolia is a comnronspecies throughout thc Kimbcrlcy rcgion ofnofihern WesternAustralia and not undcrthreat.
Etyn oI o gt. The epithet,/ii /b/la, is takcn from the Latin,./irrn - threa Lectotypi/ic.ttion.Thelectotypc consists offbur spccimcns12.9 cm tall, near the top on tlteir own sheet. Thcisolectotype is a singlespecirncn ofa similar h eight, labcllcd Byhlisflifolia fromthe same collection "r. ofBynoeon a sharedshcct w ith /t,7/1or4G u lfofCarpentaria (remain ing hand writtcn notcs unclcar)" ancl"B. filifitlicr, StLrrt'sCreek. F. Mueller ." /{.r/es. Examinationof thc Cibachromephotographs of the type specimensof Byhliscuerulea and B.filfrn ia indicatcdboth taxa shou ld be placedin synonl,rnyunder B. /lrl/ora Salisb.because of their small size and s(aturervhich closely resembledboth the type descriptionand illustrationtbl lJ.I ini/lora (Conran & LorvrieI 993). I Iowever,subsequent dctailed exam ination ofthe typematerial of B. /ili/blia (including thc stamensh iddcn by the petalsin the Cibachromc photographs)prov ided convinc ing evidencc that l)../ilifolia isreferabletoB. linillora subsp.occirle4141r.s. Complcte stamens with anthcrs3 nm longand filaments 1 ntm long wereobscrved on two of theflve specimensofthe Bynoeshects. 1'he rerraining three spccimens were in tiuit. Thc key character(anthers as long as, or longcr than the filaments), scparatesB. lilifolia fron B. lini/lttra. The B. cqerulea tvpc shcctcopy (BM) aswcllas examinationof specimcnslabelled B. caerzile.Tat (K) confirmedthat B. caetulea should rcmainas a synonymunder B. linifloraSahsb. 'Iherearealso " threespccimcns labelled Byhlisflfoi la Pl.Sturt's Creek, F. Mueller" (locatcdat thc bottomofthe hcrbariumshect with the singleBynocspecimenof B.Jilifolla above). The stamens of theseMuellcr specimensalso possess anthcrs that afe longerthan the filaments,similar to the B.flfinia Bynoecollcction. Noprccise location details arc given, butSturt'sCreekislocatedinthe aridin lan d regionof castK imberley.Wcstern A ustralia and thc adjoin ing region in Northern Territory borderingthe TanamiDesert. BenjanrinBynoe rvas thc ship'ssurgcon and naturalist on H. MS Beagle(which on anothervoyage carriedCharles t)arwin around the u'orld) undertaking maritime surveys fbr TheBritish Hydrographic 'I Ofli ceLrndcr the com m and ofJoh n LortSlokes I 837- I 843( Ilordern l9 89). heflve specinren collection ''N.W. ol lJybl^^/ilifolia labelled Coast,Ncw Ilolland,Itnoe" rvascollected from the tropicalnorth- westcoast region ofAustralia. nor.v known as the Kimberley, somewhere between Roebuck Bay and the PfinceRegent River . It. trl.S. Beugle's surveying grounds in the K imbcrleywere reached by sailingfrom thcSwan River in south-westWcstcrn Australia, lo whiclt dtey iater retumed, from Januar)'to May I 838 (thervet season in northernAustralia). spuulS,rrejeqlr,r'SuoluuZI-60,tDt).8uolutug.t-ls;aqlue,6uolruurgZ-asluelLrllU.csuaMDtS 'eleuerlxedu 'al 'epr,n .3uo ,elr ,e^npu .aleloqo rluesurSrcru uru tr-E 1ru ur g-E q,$occ.jrns IelxDqD qsrlulo s7n7autra1npue13 .cpr,r .Buol ,c}eloecuul .?uol {lcle;epou surBrtlrupue oltl.}rns ruLuf l - l uru S.E_t lTr.las ( tuc9-t,{ltsoru) urc6- g s7"r7padleurD eruus oq11e uedo sre.,uo11 Mi-l tnq peri).roU-,{urur .sll:),\\og K.re11rxu ,{rplrlos ,raarsrlof1spur13 .prJsr^ .iuo1 Jo snoro,^rlJosurpellets snoleornuq1r,,n pa.ra,roc (tuc A_g fltsotu)rul '3utlla,rs .lq6req 8-Z e)rl-qouIIDJrde 11eus u spre,nolBurredul.elo.rcl .izdraT ururJ S t _Sluulcl elrl-qsnq uo3ur rutoj IraJa srxe rofuru aq1 3uo1e pe:egtcs se ^Eel qt i\ qtaqlxuru, pe]ooJs nolqr] V 'puclsueenol're^rurno,\eepua :Erru'snv.d.o.(e0e ,sor,:Tqo""l1l1.lr:,"ir:::::::1r1,:;f:"'l;,:rtr; ntoglutl at1ols,1su ( :o7) .rol 7r: reloog ry ,{rnqsrlusur 96 qel uorlerlsnIII .adIJ (.tn rclooH T) ,tnqsr1a5) wou qs\EsDtollury .qsrpS lD^Lll at1 s,1-.(96.1:969 1 re1oo1 1ry,{.rnqsr IpS) ulogrurrsrlq,{g 'peqrrtsep ,(11arulo;eq ,{cqlluql popueuuocorpuc sorceds luarcJJlp eJu D!lo!!t1.{ u .uollulosr puEo)1|DtlbD g leql pcpnlluo?loqlne cqf a^llcnpoJdelpilrct pu r 'neqanho.g qlrA\ pessora ueq^\ peesacnpoid o1 or nl .(966 _sLe.,{a11 lolrltt qIg p ornlruJ eqt 1) acr y iq parcnpuoc,{pn1s u u1 ?u,p,^ord'aurzrp'q,{q.{llucrcdcrernoqr'^...u]:t[1".t',,T.1"'lij"-:,JJi;1,lii:,]"JXTniDli;l;lj .secuetoJJrp uuguof,suorleJol peleredes flapr,1\ lu suouu,\lesqoo^\l esaql lqFteqtunLUrxlluI o^llcurlsrp Jleqlpeurulurelrl uxPl o,{\l eqt uoUDJolsr q V tElrqeqrelrursuur(lllUqdZg at.t,tro.1.y)oto1ftur1.g qtt,trSur,nor8 puno; uru6e su,lr(111ya; g9y1atrno7 y,)Dfto!!t!/ g urrnlrnul)-.lolseoruli.Sr.966l ,s,{ep ,{8tr! uI punoJeJe,,[ s rujoJ elprperu]elut orr o,rl leAo}Etrq€q eU o uottctolcrxeoAr su€lxa o}rdse(l 'setceds J qloquea,nloq pelsrxe suuoJ alerpeu.ralur.Jr Aurqsrlqtllsr ol uollueluJclncrurci Bur,(cd uorlucol aJrlueeqlJoepetusu,rqcreasqBnoroqly.lElrqsqcqltnoqAnoJqlpeurorexasueLUr:rodsllcrpr,ncnrlplaq slueuelUeql uEql reuoqs sroqlu€ iutJpo q D,tollliutlU puesqarur1gcq1 uuql raFuol lo ,sDBuol su sjeqlue SulJeegDtlolil!/ gjo rctcuruqr ,uxet lerrSoloqdront,{cI eql qtoqueJ,\\loq ef,uaroJJrp ezrs Ilu.rc^o eql selle,\\sV .llrl IlplruJgL-SstualdllpLusergD.!a iutl g.1osu urcedsspcloq^\ Llrc s1ue1dlsnqor .rrgo 09_97 aBn1arcot plt l tl g 1osue urcadg qceatuo{ reJ-+rp,{1lue1cexet srTrTfgo^u arl} ,tptrqEq srql ul rr./r'olcrqlr,r uorlurcossg urslros,{puES peul'lplle^\ ,raqfirq iurpu.o.uns "U, ,, ^":rl.,t,J.:ri],r:;};tr; .g ,eoJtl .epls :punor8 JaDe,lreql ol peurluot sen\ D.tolrutl slqt ul ,{q eprs Fur,nor8pe,\lasqo ale,{\ setcadso,lr1 aql lulrqEqle^\ slql urrllrA\seerp ,{\eJ u ul puelulrqpq eq} lnoq8no;q1 pe:agucs s.requrnu .-l elqeuosroJur perrnccoexel sr7g,{gqlog D)tputD)as.)rq puuro1fu1 .6 o1trltoptt1otn1nct.ttl-1 ,.tg.11 DLltuDstQqJ Dt rtllnJt r/p s1ue1dsnoro,,ir u.rec reqlo aql qlr,r Fuolepler; eSp:lsuedo ,l,ro1 e sgoddns qcrq,lr (uosoes eql la,$ Jo puaaqt tu) rc1z,tr1o utlg e,(q slred lsoLu ul pere,roclros ruuo; ,{puus.}o slsrsuoc tclrqpq aqJ PrlE,lsnvuelse/A 'ernunun)Jo .v) lse,r u) s l uorlecol pe.roldxa,{1,nau ute (q1:|Jd L0II a!hro7 n./olllut g tlr^\?u\ srxe pere.^ocsrp .V) I oo scM(H.l.U-jld 0l I I autroT Drlo.! l( s lqig 9661|tcJ,y u1 'suaurcads ,ftotstqlurnleu lcclgor puplun q ol uolSerielJeq..,r) eql ur puelutsuo4eroldxe poqs iueur qoolrepun eq',{lleuoqrppV felrequr; aqlgo suorBarlelsuoc lse,n quou eql FuolE Je^tU tuc8e; ecur:4 puciug llnq3oU uee,{{teq3ut1a.Ioqs eprl q8rq eql c^oqo lsnf (uosrosle,\ eqlur) stclrqeq lele,,!\qsar.l 3lqclrns.lo epnlqlnutpJo ,{ue uor3 sueurcads .suor?er .,{e1:aqur; slq pe}telloce^eq plnor coufg lelsuocBurpn lrur .spaq$els^\.seere oql lnoqEnorqlsurBreu Je u puu 1ccJc e8edaesrelp^\Llser.+ ul uoruruoc sr lrlgdrl 'Jer\e^\oq'paploceJ lou sr lseoclso./r-quou aql uo suarurcadssrq pelcJIJoc eou,{g ereq,lr,(ltczxg erlrrlsnv urrqlou ur r.,/glt .V snr.E.rltJo uorsr^:r :)lluouoxlrlV.uplro) Ct ?9 rll^\ol 7- NultsiaVol. 12.No I (1998) on thc apexat anthesis. 5'4,/e 2.5 -3.5 m m long,apex rv ith numerous papillae. Caps,/e broadly obovoid, 2.5-4rnm Iong,4.5-6 mrn wide . See../s0.6-0.8 mm long,with minutely denticulate longitudinalridges and shallowtransverse ridges bctween, producing honeycomb-likc sculpturing. (Figure 4) Otherspecirnens examlnerl. WIISTERN AUSTRALIA: l5 km W ofKunununa,26Apr.1995,,'1. I'owrie I107(PERTH); 16.1km W of Kununurra,18Apr. 1996,A.Lowrie l3 89(PERTH);Mitchell Falls walk trail, Kimberley,28A pr.1996,A.Lowrie l4l3 (PERTH);AboveLitllc Mefien's Falls, Kimbcrlcy,2S Apr. 1996,A. Lowrie l4l6 (PERTH);On coastc. 15 km W ofMount Anderdon,Kimberley lhelicopter collectionl,2 May I 996,A.Lowrie 1432(PERTH); Summit ofMount Trafalgar, Kimberley lhelicopter collectionl,2 May 1996.A. Lottrie 1433(PERTH); 5. I km E ofKununurra,8May 1996.A.Lov'rie 1461 (PERTH);45.4km E ofKununura. SMay 1996.A. Lowrft:1462 (PER1'H); Just outside Kununurra meat works,4Mar. 1993,A. A. Mitchell2849 (PERTH, BROOME); Beverley Springs homestead, Kimberley, l9-26 May 19'79,B. G. Muir etel. 7968 (sheet2/2PIIRTH01490249)*. NORTHERNTERRITORY:S cnd ofOrvston Ave, Palmcrston,8 Apr.1990, A. I'owfle48 (PIIRTH);Near "Dry Dump" ElrundieRoad, Palmcrston, l4 Apr. J990, '1. Lowrie 75 (PERI'H);Berimah Road,3.5 km W of StuanIlighway, Darrvin, 29 Apr. 1991,A.Lowrie 951 (PERTH); Owston Avc, Palmerston,9Mar. 1991,P. Sinmons s. r. (PERTH). QUEENSLAND:c.l0miles[16krn]NofKennedy, l5May 1973,R. A/4ri 1382(PERTH);UpperMurray Riverturnoff(N road)from Highway l,2l Aug. 1983,n. Nos, 1824(PERTH);At southernturn offto UpperMurray River, north Cardwell, on Highway1 ,21 Aug. l983,R. Nash 1857 (PERTH). Dist bulion. Byblisliniflora is widespreadthroughout the northernregions of WcstcrnAustralia, -l Northcrn erritoryand Queensland. Ilabitttt. B,vbtisliniflora grows in sandy soi)s,claycy sandand in skeletalsoils over sandstone pavernenls. f-lowering periocl. March to August. Conseryqtionstatus. Byhlis liniflora isa commonspecies throughout northern Australia and not under threat. Etymologlt.1he epithct,linifl ot'd,is takenliom the I-atin , 1lzun - tlax, and.floris - florver (Shan 1996). A//inities. 8",-blisliniflora can be readily distinguishedfrom B. filifolia and I). rotidaby its anthers slrorterthan thefilaments andfrom B. dqualicubyitsterrestrial bush- like plant hab it, pinkish mauve flowers,pediccls as long or longerthan the lcavesand moderately glandular sepals Notes. The descriptionfor 8,,-blislini/loraby Salisburyand the illustrationby lJookcr(Salisbury & I Iooker I 808)wcre basedon cultivatedmatcrial from the collectionat Cassiobury,in Herttbrdshire. Arlhur Capel,first Earlof Dssex.had a notedsevcntcenth-century garden hcrc whicll at thetime was reportedby Salisburyto containsomc of the flnestNew I Iolland(Australian) plants in England. Cassioburycould only havebccn supplied rvith seed material of B. lin/lora asthe species is an annual. It isrccorded that A. Gordon,a Londonnurseryman, obtained the original material of Byblisliniflora from thethcn colonyofNew SouthWales which at thc time includedQueensland. + Rcassignlncrrrol a collecrionprrviousl] filcd \\ith BC. Muir et ul.796r'' ar\dcilcd in Conran& Lowrie (1993). Lurut : lp rot r0q cl€ts rlnsdrr lirrs - D :ttnrr.:roui8- :I :Lunl.aouiS luolt.as-llrJel- tI re.\\oll ur tuE]dJottgtrl - V D.tolltutlstlq(g t xrnl! t 66I aumol 'U IN O fi xrprlsnvur.quou ur sr9,(gsn .3 aqlJo uorsr^.rolluouoxrl V'urruoJ Df ?t.D^\o.t V 7 Nuylsiavol. I2. No. I (1998) Although thcoriginaldcscription of Byblislinifloru by RichardAnthony Salisbury recorded the "F-lax-flowcrccl commonname for the speciesas the Psyche"and the accompanyingillustration by WilliamI Iooker(1779- 1832) the anistand pup il ofBaucr(not to be confusedwith William Jackson I Iookcr (1785-1865)),isalsol?.bclledPs.vcheliniflora,thename P.r.t'clre, hasnotbeentaken up by otherauthors. Farret al. (1979\ tistedP.ryc/re as an acccptedname although it is not validly publishedas it wasnot acccpredb-y th e authorin itsoriginal publicat ion (see Artic le 3 4. 1 inthe IntcrnationalCode ofBotan ical Nomenclature(Grcuterdl4/. I 994)). B),hliscaerulea isbased on Bauer'splate | 13published by lindlicher( 1{t41)and drawn from Robeft Brorvnspccinrens in rvhich the short anthers are ligured as be ing peltate.Planchon(1848)thoughthe recognized tlrcse anthers in thespecimcns glued dorvn in thcBanksian Herbarium IBM]. Accordingto Bcnthan( I 864)the specimcnsin Brorvn'sorvn herbarium sho$'cd tllat this \\ asa Inistakeas the anthers areoftcn as short as figured b1, Bauer, sometimcs as long as figured by Salisbury& Hooker( I 808),but alwaysattached by the baseand varyingnuch in internlediatelengths in differentspecimens. Bentham'sdescription of1ll,61is liniflora recorLlcd"anthers varying from 3/4 line I L575 mm] to I 1/2lines 5 mm] in length,the ti Iamcntslongest where thc anthers are shortest". Thc lattcrstatement 13.1 "anthers correspondsrvith th e key rnorphological character fbr ,. 1lrl/o/a shoderth an th e fi laments". Horvevcr,anthers3.l5 mm longare not applicableto B. liniflora butdo agreewith B. /ilifolia. Two collectionsof B. /i/iir1la,N.W. coast,B]r.)e andSturt'sCreekF. Mueller,wcre cited in Bentham's B. linifl or(r trealmcnt.Exam ination ofthesc collections has rcvcaled anthers 3 nm long,conlparab le to Bentham'snleasurcmcnts. l hetypcsheetofB) bliscaerulea (BM)h olds ninespecimens. A llspecimens agree with thc original dcscriptionand illustrationlor l).liniflon.r. lhiscollcctionwasmadeonCook'sFirstVoyagelT68-1771 liom thc EndeavourRiver region, Queens land, Australia, by BanksandSolandcr, wh ilerepairs to the shipEndeavourwu e beingm adc near the prcsent town of Cooktown,from lT Juncto 4 August1770 (Stcarn1969). 'llrere aretwo herbariutnsheets at Ke$'wilhcarly collections rcfcrable to Bybliscaerulea.Thc fi'sl sheet.R. BroI,n 4836,North Coast ofNew Holland,I 803,hastwo collectiol'ls, the flrst ofsix spccimcns " andthe second oitwo spccinrens labc llcd Upper Victoria River, F. Muellcr". The second sheet has one collection of elevcnplants labc lled North coast ofNeu, Holland. I 803.A l1plants on bothsheets nlatch l). liniflora. Byblis rorida Lowrie& Conlan,,!p. ,?.rv. B./i/ifoliae Plarrch.affinissedscpalissetislongiscapitulisglandularibus0.T-l.5mnlongisomatis; pedicelis(praccipue propc apicem), scpalis ad basim,et foliisjuvenilibus glandulis roscidis dense ornatis;semina cristis minulc dcnticulatis profunde sculptis. costis humilibus reticulatis alternantibus. Tvpus; 200 metressouth-south-east of Beverlel'Springs Station homestead. Kimberley, Western Australia,l6'43'05" S, 125'27'32"Il,8 Fcbruary1996, R.L. Burretr 825 (holo PERTH04658892; r.ro:DNA. Mtll-). A fib[ousrootcd a/7/tuql herb tyith lcavcsscattered along the major axis which is erect or when taller plantslean ing otr nearby herbs for support,rnaj or axis 6-3 0 cm longwith dew-likesess iJe glands dcnsc ly coveringthejuvcnile apical growth. /-edl,e.rterete, tapcring towards a smallapical knob-like srvelling, t)lDttt.llr)ti tlsrltlst al1 11? sr (t(,a)l) ill\o l ]' urrrrcJ ur lJ.tr. \U.rur.ird\ lo ]u. Ir;tssr:r)t * :np01DldIlo q]lrt\l eqluo sIros ctlJetu I :uo r3:rr siu rrdgieue ,rog a\ltul s1!r;iu11dDtpoi.r; q1t,n sluo ure,rud puc sdorolnoouolspuus lclo sllosletclcls,tprrus pepooU-uosces le,\\ s^u llo,lr se sIUrq IJelc uo qSrq 1e,le.r8puu puus {r,{elc le^\ u I :uolSc.r ouool g eq}ul sI..eJcep rseq purs ,no11t,( rrr pult p Ltll lpoo^\ rrlJD, L. 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(1991) ll-fil;.! nolcs orr lbnns nclv to cullilalion (l.rftilorous I'hnh Ne\\slelter 22: lg-'10 I'lanchon.J 1-. (1848). SLrrlcs Drosafacdes.Annalcs dcs SciencesNaturcllcs. Ilotalrique ser. .]. 9: 305-307 "lhc S.rlisbury.Ii..4.. & Ilookcr. \V. (180j-8). l'aradisusLondiierrsis Vol 2 (W. Hookcr: LoDdon) Sharr F.A. (1996). Wcsrcar Au\lralian planl namcs alld rheir nrcanings. llnlarged edn (Llniversit,vof Western Auslralia PfcssrNedlands, Westem Auslralla.) Slcarll,W T. (t969). i\ Rolal Socict)rppointrnent with Venusin 1769 l'hcvoyagc ofCook andllanks in the t,./'rd!,u/ in 1768-1771and ils bol.rnicrlresults Nolcs arrdrecords ol thc Royal Sociei) of LondoD2'l: 61-90