f

.rt

T

33

ì.

I stuffand it was kinda hard to say it to pee all people who sought a peaceful resolution I am incgnsed with Paley's communique contain your name. Two intra-Agency ple here who are just really feeling such joy of the Vietnam conflict. There are some IWIN, 4/24175], complete with battle rflèmoranda, pertaining to activities on be- after they've been thinking of practically who cheered the advance of the pRG cartographics, dotted lines, arrows and half of the anti-war movement are being nothing else but this day for the last ten forces-I consider such a position as pro- shaded territory. withheld in accord with exemptions (b) years. My mom says,that everyone çlse feels war, as that of those who urged the invasion I am incensed with Dave McReynolds (l)-and (b) (5) of the Freedom of Infbrma- pretty much the same way as I do. I now of North Vietnam and Cambodia. who, lome months àgo at a seminar o4 'tion Act. The other item, which contains feel very guilty for putting such heavy I'm very disappointed when IVIN, a pacilìsm ànd (in DC), excused your namê irì a list of individuals, is denied thoughts to an event that definitely warrants pacifiit magazine, uses the term libe¡ation the bodily and psychological oppression of in¡àccord with exemptions (b) (ó) and (b) endless celebration and I also just started in association with military campaigns. gays in Cuba with the oid "but look at (7 ), of the Act. Mr. Charles A. Briggs, Chief, thinking about the fact that everyone who It is relatively easy to be opposed to everything else that's changed" line. This iq Services Sta[ made the decisions regarding comes back from a visit to North Vietnam war when the military advantage is seeming- akin to asking black people to support the frst two items; Charles W. Kane, cannot stop talking about the Vietnamese' ly with the repressive side (the bad guys), apartheid.in South Atiica because the Director of Security, is the denying ofücial tremendous joy of lifê and optimism in the but it is just as important to be opposed to standard of living of black people in that on the other item. face of all odds and how this was the base war when the military advantage swings to nation-state is higher than that of blacks in As provided by the Act; you may appeal fo¡ so much of their incredible persevefanc€. the more sympathetic side. To do otherwise other African nåtion-states. If you a3kgd a these decisions to the CIA Info¡mation Re- How hard it is to be optimistic when all is to support the concept of the just war. black to do that you would be açcused vibw Committee, within 30 days, via the you've ever lived in was the belly of the Are pacifists to be relegated to the ¡ole of rightfully of supporting þenocide and undersisned. -ROBERT S. YOUNc campfollowers suicidal behai¿ior by black people. Yet gay beast?! Well I'm feeling pessimistic and al- of armed struggles? Not to ' \¡ Freedom of Information Coordinator 'so guilty about it and I shall stop, cease protest the PRG military violation of the - people "should look at the total picture"?! r' Central lntelligence Agency Peace being May 1 and desist immediately. If the Vietnamese Paris Accords is to make hollow ou¡ I don't feel like told to commit,. ,, Washington, DC 1975 I Vot. Xl¡ No. 17 ;l .. could be optimistic under bombs, at least peace work of the past several years. suicide for socialism anymoÍe. I don't feef ' Freedom of Information? ! I can be without them. -DIANE BECKER What is to be done? We need to be co¡r- like looking at battle maps fìom Southeast 5. The Spirit of Terror is Born I Murray New York, NY cerned about the fate of third force peoplé; Asia and reading Paley's rehash of the pious Bookchin Feliz Libe¡tad ! M ! ! More power to the hopefully they will be able to play an active doublespeak of people whose strategy for Vietnamese! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! !@$%T&*! Right On! role in the úork of reconciliation within "libe¡ation'l (rvhat a jokp!) includes the 9. Louise Michel:. "Angel" of the Paris Hurray and thank the fucking lord they Vietnam; hopefully a new set of political rocketing of cities, the taking of ter¡itories I'MârionLeighton finally did Actually don't thank the fuck- and the establishment of states. OK it! Thank you for your timely Indochma prisoners will not take the place of present lt's 12.The IWW Rolls Oq..,l Croig Ledford ing lord. More power to jncredible human special 5lll7Sl. I especially ap political prisoners. for the PRG or GRUNK to kill babies and IWIN, 15. America's Decentralist Dean Mild¡ed strength.ând perseverance. Less powet to preciated the articles by Tom In the US we can work send not OK for LBJ or RMN to kill babies? / Cornell, to humani- ¡ the corporate war machine ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! Jim Forest, and Staughton Lynd, Some tarian aid to both South and North Vietnam. Obviously, it isn't. If you can't co. J. Loomis just the US system you can't Recy-"híng Good Grief I realized that I really never of the other,articles caused me to wondeÌ- It is again timely to press for unconditional operate with 1 8. Changes believed that I would see the day when the How can the public understand what peace amnesty in our own country. And it is es cooperate with other violent (physically Given the waste-not-want-not (etc.) 20. Reviews US was out of Vietnam to say nothing is about when people in the peace move- pecially important for us to mâintain ¿ or psychologically) systems. There is a flourishes with which President Ford about Cdmbodia. A FAR OUT day ofjoy visible peace scale on which violent behavior against ment rejoice at the military victory of the movement which speaks out. launched his "Whip lnflation Nqw" Cover: Drawing of Michael Bakunin for the Vietnamese, O,nly aside from my Provisional Govemment for peace on all occasions. LAZAR human beir.rgs can be measured. The Saigon and -ED program, it is only fitt¡nÈ that a siz- (1814-1876) by Phyllis Hochberg, absolutely dying of relief that American. the military conquest of Cambodia? Cambridge, Mass, regime, the PRG, North Vietnam and the be US are same place on this scale.. able stock of those little red WIN but: , bombs will no longer falling on Viet- With the PRG military d¡ive now success all at the namese villages (and 'ful is impossible speak of either tons has been acquired-cheap-þy ¡¡s more important, vil- people will point to the "success" of I'm inclined to âgree with the position of It tptaliy to pacifÌst publishes lagers) I also have a very sad and depressing armed struggle. Twenty-five years of armed Tom Cornell and Jim Fo¡est about the end "liberation" or "pfotecting " commune which although people and get me beliçve ¡ealization that this is a tremendous struggle in Vietnam has resulted in millions of the Vietnam war. It would ¡eally have while killing to WlN, a magaz¡ne which takes it name victory you for the Vietnamese and in many dead, tortured, and maimçd, and held back been something to rejoice about, ifvictory any mofe. from Workihop in Nonviolence and to STAFF ways a welcome defeat 'fhere are dialogical in one ba{tle against a peaceful struggle which might have ended had come by nonviolent means. revolutionary strug- which several welf-known ant¡war * the imperialist war machine greaf gles going on. . ¡r and-a im- with real human success. We in the peace It is not fo¡ me to criticize the op If the WRL and the WIN leaders have contributed. ln that the M¡ris C¡kus Sus¡n C¡k¡rs. Chrrck F{lc petous to continue to wage those battles, it movement need edito¡iai collectìve want to save their repu- . to be clear that armed strug- pressed for taking up the sword, but.I caft President's Wl N program-whiclí the Mrry Mayo. St¡s¡n Pincc' Frcd Ro¡cn is not nearly a defeat of the machine itself. gle cannot be successful in terms of the total tations as both nonviolent and - close my eyes to the consequences of vie magazine once labeled a "quack Murr¡y Roccnblith .MutñâThomå¡cs, So although I am absolutely flipped out human situation, and that any armed vic- ary facilitators of change, why don't they i1 lence, History is ruthless on that score. I with happiness and remedy" for. i nfl ation-has been total support fo¡ the tory represeñts a setback to the end of of Violence breeds future violence. Have the cooperate with these struggles by dispatch- Vietnamese in abandoned. buttons are agaín THEIR victory, I'm also real- wa¡ and the creation.of peacemaking inótru- rockets and missiles of the North Viet- ing more reporteri and workers tç them? "WlN UNINDIC.ÍED ly torn about people here hollering "we ments and institutions. nameþ killed no innocents? Is the PRG a These are the struggles we can learn from fashionable;" its subscribers were told CO@NSPIRATORS won! ! ! ! ! !" all over the place. hope I I'm ex- As events unfolded it seems that the US stranger to the machine gun? best. in a recent letter appealing for funds plaining it right, I'm really confused 1, about was better prepaied to accept a military de- The problem for the pacifist stillro Despite. all this thanks fo¡ one of. the to help pay the nfagazine's debts. The Jrn larrv. Lrrìca lalyllla . Jatry coülî .. it and I feel ter¡ible about possibly sounding possible . . feat than to risk a electoral defeat. mains the same, How to combat oppreÞ only mags I can read these days without.- included a free button and re- Lynm Côtln Ann E avldon Dlana O¡vltl.' r .. letter gorûty . like I'm putting a damper on an absolutely In the past several weeks the PRG en- R-r¡th O..r. R.lDh DlOl.. ¡tl.n sion, and how to combat oppression norr Pukins(toomuch)' þorted that.extras could be obtained Foldy .Jlm For¡¡t¡ L.lh Frltt. Ltty Ofa arîazing feat. I mean I'm not trying to say gaged in a massive d¡ive S.th military which led violently? FEDER t;?tt"trtJ*:it: plus postage. N.ll t{¡worth .E.l l{..Lmün o 6.r¡sl Hadammñ that we shouldn't celebrate the Vieinamese 'Ep fgr five cents, to still more destruction in life and suffering Bronx, NY Karlr Jav. MaTtv Jarar. lad(y Johiloi victory but that victory can't be ours for millions of people, The victims were N¡ncy Jõhn¡on a P.ul Johnroi .Alllron KiFl The unspoken hope, we suspect, is that . . (Americans) until the machine is actually again the Vietnamese children, women, Dear M¡. Cakars: Ctaþ-K.r9.l John KyD.r Ellot Lln!.t and they will help whip insolvency better. Jrcl¡¡on M¡c Low' O¡vld ilcRrynold¡ defeated and will not be just turning its . men who were pushed and pulled, punched, This letter conperns doublethink and This is in response to your lette¡ oi l2 than they helped Mr. Ford whip infla- O¡ulrt Morrlt .Matk Morlt rrllm Pack missiles at the next ta¡get for its wars (the shot, starved, arid in a variety of ways doublespeak on the Left, a phenomenon March requesting access to any information Td Rlchlr.Ë.*lgr¡ Rooó.nlo. Nrncy lOIn tion. in the Ed oUU.ndI Schwaflr. Art Ullkou middle east next?); But I'm sure that every- mangled and killed. The offensive repre that doesn't seem to get as much "coverage" this Agency may have pertaining to you. -Editorial StndÍr St. Louis Post-Dispatch Atl.n Youn¡. lrv-rly lYoodw¡rd ':.' one realizes that and that I'm just being a sented a major violation of the Paris Peace in the alternative medla as does doublethink A thorough search ofvarious files and cynic, I was just thinking about all that Accords and hopefully will be protested by and doublespeak on the Right. indices located th¡ee CIA documents which Sunday, April 27, 1975 Box 547 R¡fton Ncv York 12471 Tolcphmc:91+33$45t5/ / -. $1"t,699.44 WIN l¡ publlth.d wt kly .xc.pt lor¡th. llr¡t two wrakr ln J.nu¡ry, tha lart waa¡( ln Mtrch, tha llrit w.lk ¡n Juna, tha la¡t two.wrkt ln 0 $25,000 August, .nd th. llr¡t two watki ¡n S.pt mbar $5,000 '000 $15,000 $20,000 130,fl)o $35,000 f4o,ooo 145,000 by'th. WIN Publlrtilng Emplr. wlth th. rup9ort of tha War R.¡l¡tar¡ Laagr¡G Sub¡cr¡ptlm3 ara ll1.0o par y.¡r. S.cond clr3r po3tagta p.ld at Naw York. NY 1OOOI. lndlvldu.l wr¡t r. .r. ratpon¡lbla tor oplnlon¡ axpr.tfd tnd ¡ccuracv ol fætr glvan. gorry-m¡nu¡crlÞt¡ clnnot Þa Þ turñad unl.t¡ accornp¡nlad by a ralltrddragd it¡moad anvalopa. Prlnt.d ln IJSA

2 WIN. wtN t To European anarchists of the late nineteenth cen- tury, the ruling classes seemed more firmly in the sad- :I dle'than ever. Ãn oppressive a.tmosphere of bourgeois egotism had settled over life like the grime and sgot from the factory chimneys. Evbrything seemed tb ac. quire a dull, gray, tasteless appearance. Men With "i". sensibility wele rôpelled by ihe smugness and banal'rjù of the age. The spirit of revolt, blocked by the ñras- Spir¡t of sive stability of fìn de siecle , began to bur- row into the underground of this soc¡ety. n RímbauJ's credo of sensoiylerangement, Lautrec's provocatively "lumpen" art, and the flouting of mid- dle class conventions by Wilde and Gauguin reflected the compulsion of writers and a¡tists to provoke the Terror I 1.. is ls st¡rr¡ng agin, both in the Uniæd States and abroad. lt ono.of the a I bourgeois, to cry out against the deadening conõplä- political philosophies. least upderstood and cortainly one of the most maliglred cency of"the period. A literary and artistic anarchism Yet it has, and continues to ovoke a deeply pasionate fervor from those who cm' emerged which included men like Barres,'Mallarme, bnê it. IS Valgry, and Steirrlen, in whom generous i.deals for the People can live peactfully and harmoniousty togother without "benefft"-of lib'eration of humanity were marbled with á furious . They can control the things which afrect their lives. These concepts anger toward bourgeois mediocrity.. have exçitod many since a coherent expression of anarchism emerged in the middle' Their effect on the social life of tlie time was vir- of the tast century. tually nil. At best, the bourgeois ariswered with This country has a rich background in the anarchist movemdnt which has been scandalized outrage, but more commonly he respo¡ded lost or purposely destroyed in the periodic purges of iingoistic patriotisrn. Europe with uncomprehending indifference. \ has maintained a waning movemeni,which has shriwn new life and force, particular. There were other men, however, whose desire to ly in , Germany and the Netherlands, in the last ten years. provoke led them to terrorist actions. These men were Anarchism has many facets lt is not immune to the hair-splitting and angel*on- not ignor,çd,Often. they came from the lowest strata the-head-of'a-pin type of disputes,that afflict political thought So, it is difrcult to of the and petty bourgeoisie-true flrsent an article or analysis and say, unlmpeachably: "This is Anarchism!" Desherødados, whose lives had been ciippled by pover- - We are avoidíng that trap by reaching into fullsome literature of the anarchist/ ty and abuse. A few like August Vaillant, who ex- decentral¡st/self-management movement and pulling out a few ælections in.history, ploded a bomb in the French Chamber of Deputies, biography and a touch of theory. were members of ânarchist groups. The majority, like preview forthcoming history of Spanish anarchism. First, a of 's ' Ravachol, were soloists. Spain was onc¡ the home of the most dynamic anarchist culture in the world. lt was They were men who called themselves "anarchists," repressioh of the Franco \ l crushed aftér the Spanish civil war and by the continuing but belonged to no group, for the word had by this give a kick from time to tlme. regime. However, Spanish anarchists still l¡ttle They. time beconíe a synonym for "terrorist." This rep.u_ta-. ; I haven't given up. ' tion was the result not merely of earlier bombings but I Women have beed prominent anarchists from the starL There is nothing ryp¡cal of a new emphasis in libertarian circles on "propa- I of them; but Louise Michel is even less typical. Therc has not heen much I about any ganda by the deed." written about her, io we thought you might ffnd thê brief sketch.of her life and her The disappearance of the Bakuninist lnternational i essay intcresting. I after the Viviers Congress of 1877 left behind small, l ihe lndustriãi Workers of the World have atways avoided pblitical tabels. lVob- isolated anarchist groups all over Europe which lacked bties over tho years have reiterated tl¡at what you call yourself isn't important I any strategy for revolutionary change. These meh ìUhat's important is tlrat you want to take çontro¡ of the means of prdduction. could oþpose nothing but their writings and speeches That's what really counts. / : to the entrenched power of the state. The growing And finalty, Ralph Borsodi;'quite an institution, in himself. Borsodi is an Amer- Socialist movements of the time were utterly repellent ican pioneer in ælf-management and living. I to them. Authoritarian in structure and reformist in l ln the future we'll continue to pr¡nt snatch'es from the past, repoits from the goals, i they seemed to deal with the pedestrian spirit , i present and predictions for the future of . -Mufray RosenQlith of the age by accomodatídg iher¡se{yes to it. lt was ai t'r this time, in a night of defeat and gròwing hopeless- ' -. . ness, that a bold act in Russia illuminated the'way. On March 1, 186,l, on the banks of the Catherine I Canal in St. Petersburg, two young men, Nikolay Rysakov and lgnaty Grinevitsky, succeeded in assassinating Czar Alexander ll. Rysakov and Grineúitsky were members of a small terrorist organi- l p

i

BY This orticle ls on excerpt from Murroy Bookchin's TheSpanish Anàrchists: The Heroic Period, 1868- "1936; Free Llfe Editions will publish the book some- MURRAY BOOI(CHIN time in the sprlng, 1976.

WIN 5 Drawlns.by Kathe Kollwltz. they were successful. The Pact of Union and Solidarity was ill-fated al- from the balcony of the Teatro Liceo into a gilded The duel between a handful of The difference between Bakunin's and Kropotkin's terror¡sts and the massive Russian fascinated most from the start, for it emerged at a tirn'è when ter- audience of the city's most notable families. One of state the organizational views turns primarily around the issue ryorld, virtually rorist activity in Spain began to get under way in the bombs exploded, killing twenty-two and wounding bringing the Czar to nervous collapse. of "propaganda by the deed.', As Max Nomad ob- The assassination earnest. Although there had been no lack of òomb- fifty. elecrrified Europe. When shoitly serves: "That tactic had not been in the armory of the afterward an international ings and assassination attempts in the eighties, they Panic grippecl the bourgeoisie of the city. Unleashed èongress of anarchists and Bakuninists; they beiieved that the masses *.ré èr- left-wing were isolated episodes, occurring ín the background to do their worst, the police closed all the workers', Socialists convened in , one of the sentially revolutionary, and hence needed no terror¡st of a larger class struggle between unions an{,.employ- centers and raided the homes of every known radical. , main toiics to be discusses was "propaganda by the fìreworks to stimulate their spirit of revolt. All that deed." ers. The that opened fhe nineties, however, Hundreds were arrested and thrown ínto thc dungeons The delegates concluded that:,,ideed per- was ne,cessary, according to Bakunin, was an organiza- þombings formed were quite different: they exploded across the fore- of Montjuich Fortress, the m'rlitary prison overlooking against the existing institutions appeais to the tion of conspirators, who at the proper momenl would masses much ground of the struggle and were destined to take on a Barcelona's port area and working class distriatsfrorn more than thousands of leaflets and tor- capitalize on the revolutionary potential of the masses. rents chronic form in Barcelona. The first,of these bombings Montf uich hill. Five anarchists, although obviously'in- of words. . ." That view was no longer shared by Kropotkin and his occurred in the midst of a for the eight- nocent of the Liceo bombing, were sentenced.to death ,,chemistry.,, friends. lt w-as.replaced by a sort of revolutionary There was much discussion on hour-day which Pact Union and had and later executed. lt wai education of the masses through acts of revolt, or the of Solidarity resolved that "the technical and chemical sciences decided to 1, 1891. The real assassin, Santiago Salvador, was not dis- have propagonda by the deed. Originally that sort of propa_ call on May rendered services to the revolutionary cause and The strike began peacefully enough with a large covered until two months later. Salvador had been a are ggndo, as fìrst discussed at the Berne Congress oi thi bound to render still greater services." Hence affiliated rally at the T¡voli Theater in Barcelona, followed by a friend of Pallas and was determined to answer his cry A n t Ì-A u t ho r lta r io n lnter natio na I ( 1 8 76), ieferred ro groups and individual supporters ,,de- street demonstration down the.famous Ramblas to for vengeance. After failing at a suicide attempt on hþ were asked to small attempts at local insurrection. Somewhat later- vote themselves to the study the Civil Governor's palace. On the following day, arrest, Salvador succeeded in escaping the brutal tor- of these sciences.', after suçh actions had proven to be quite ineffectual- Among the supporters of this new however, it began to take on seriout dimensions. Many tures which the police ordinarily inflicted on-political tactic was a the term was applied to individual acts of Ðrotest.,' young Russian prince, , who had factories closed down and violent clashes occurred be- prisoners by pretending to repent his act and feigning None of these ideas had any significant effect on . broken with his class and entered tween workers and police. Characteristically, the conversion to the Church. For'nearly a year his execu- the anarchist move- Spanish anarchism until well into the eighties, when ment. Although temperamentally very government responded to the situation with a declara- tig¡ was.stayed while Jesuits and aristocratic ladies the opposite of translations of Kropotkin's works were made avail- Bakunin, Kropotkin shared the deep tion of martial law¡* The next day, an explosion rocked pêtitioned the government for a commr.iiation of sen- humanity of his able..At this time, ltalian emigres in Barcelona, many predecessor. Despite his the Calle de la Canuda. A bomb had gone offbefore tencej When the young arlarchist finally stood on the aristocratic lineage-or per- of whom were anarchist communists, began,to,pro- haps because of it-he had spent years the building which housed the Fomento del Trabojo scaffold,'h.e abandoned his deceptiön and dieS,with ' two in the mote the purist approach to organization and em- dreaded (literally, the of National the cryi "Viva la anarquia!" Peter and Paul fortress for his ideals. His p,f a¡jze the importance of terrorist Nacional "Encouragement dramatic actions. ln facf, powerful, death was followed by another round escape and his distinction as a geographer the harsh controversies among Spanish anarchists cíver Labor"), a euphemism for the notoriously Salvador's gave executions. quell him an international reputation. By thé time of the new ideas and tactics greaily accelerãtã¿ the break- reactionary association of Barcelona manufacturers. of bombingsj arrests, and To ihe ,,legal" the gov- the London Congress, Kropotkin had become the out- up of the Workers' Federation, a un"ion started The strike was broken by violence and treachery, anarchísts with a more effective counter-terror, . standing spokesman fc¡r "anarchist ,,' a in 1881, which foundered from the 6eginning, torn but from that point'onward, bombings became a com- ernment established a new unit, the Brigado Social, police theory he advanced with great ability against the between pressures from radical workeri and govern. monplace feature of labor unrest in Barcelona. They composed of specially assigned ruffiaris. This prevalent "collectivism" of the traditional Bakuninists. ment repression. were invariably,followed by arrests and by beatings of new boily of police was manifestly awaiting an oppor- yet Bakunin, it will be remembered, believed that the When the once-promising Workers' Federation dis- imprisoned militants, the explosions themselves tunity to throw itself on the anarchist movement-in- means groups of life an individual receives under anarchy solved in 1888, its place was taken by a strictly anar- did very little damage. Generally, they were set.off at deed, on all oppositional in Barcelona-and must be tied to the amount of labor he contributes to chist organization and by ideologicaliy looser íibertar- places or during hours when they could do minimal there are strong reasons for suipecting that it manu- provocatíon years after the society. Although he is to receive the full reward of ian tra_de unions. Tþe former, thè Anarchist Organiza- harm. to people. Apparently, the.intention of the "ter- factured a of its own three his labor, quantity the of what he receives is deter- tíon of the Spanish Region, was founded at Valencia rorisis" ryas to frighten ratherJhän kill; indeed, ít is Licea bombing. mined by the work he performs On une 7 1896, while Barcelona's Corpus Christi and not by his needs. in September, 1888, and consisted of several libertarian not certain how many of these bombings were caused J , is not \ It difficult to see that Bakunin's view of work tendences, mainly anarchist communist in outlook- by anarchists, who were protesting against the real in- Day procession was wending through the Calle de. juries and reward is anchored in a belief that insufüciently The base of this movement was organized aroujrd thé inflicted by the authorities on imprisoned labor Cambios Neuvos into the church, a bomb was thrown advanced technology could not provide the means ôf tertulio: the small, traditionally Hispanic group of militants, or by agents provocateurs of the police. to the street from a top story window. The probè5sion life according to individual needs. male intimates who gather daily at a favorite caie to With the repression of the Jerez u'y'rising, however, was led by the most important notables of the city, Kropotkin does not differ with Bakunin's overall socialize and discuss idea5. Anarchist groups were terrorist actitivy reached a turning point: the garroting men such as the Governor of Catalonia, the Bishop of visíon of anarchy. He believes that anarchy will be a usually larger and more volatile. Like the iertulÌonos, of four anarchists in the main square of the Andalusian Barcelona, and the new Captain General, Valeriano stateless free, years society of decentralized , they met in cafes.to discuss ideas and plan actions. city incensed throughout Spain. On Weyler y.Nicolau, whose cruelties in Cuba two joined together by pacts and contracts. What dis- Actually, such groups had already formed spon- September 24, 1893, two bombs were thrown at later were to earn him worldwide opprobrium. Yet tinguishes him from Bakunin is his insistence that taneously in the days of the lnternaiional, but the Martinez de Campos, the ófficer whose pronounce- w¡th this alluring bait at the head, the bonb was aimed directly after the revol¡.rtion each commune will be new Anarchist Organizatiorl consciqusly made them ment had paved the way for Alfonso Xll.;Martinez, at the tail of the procession, whose,ranks consisted of capable of distributing'its produce according to need. its basic form who was now Captain General of Catalonia, miracu- ordinary people. The explosion killed eleven and ,,it of organization. Decades later, they "Need will be put above . escaped killed never service,,' he writes; )v9re to appear ín the FAI as grupqs de afìnidod lously serious injury, but the.explosion . wounded forty. The assassin was found. The Cor- will be recognized that everyone who cooperates in (affnity groupsf with a more tormãl structure. The a soldier and five civilian bystanders. pus Christi bombing, however, provided Weyler with productíon to a certa¡n extent has in the first place great.majority of these groups,were not engaged in The police quickly apprehended the assassin, Paulino an excuse for rounding up not.o¡ly anarchists and that right to live comfortably." Underpinning this terrqrist actions. Their activitrjs were confìñeã largely Pallas, a young Andalusian anarchist, whoìad pros- labor militants, but Republicans 4nd ordinary antir view is the conviction (naive ¡n its day) that iech- to general propaganda and to the painstaking pected in Patagonia with the famous ltalian anarchist, clericals. Over four hundred pêoplb were thrown intor butln- ¡l' nology had advanced to a point where everyone's dispensable job of winning over inhividual cõnverts. . The Andalusian was tried by a court the Montiuich dungeons and left to the mercy of the needs could be satisfied. The famous communist The union movement, on the otherhand, focused martial and sentenced to execution by a firing squad. Brigodø Social. maxim ("From each according to his ability; to each its en-ergies on economic'struggles, generally taking its From the opening of his trial to the moment of his When revealed in the press, the tortures to. which according to his needs") would be the rule for guiding lead from libertarian union offcials. A number of ihese death, Pallas's behavior was defiant. Before the bullets these prisoners were subjected produced a sensation distribution immediately after the revolution. offcials, anticipating the death of the Workers' Federa- ' claimed his life, he repeated the ominous cry of the throughout the world. One of the victims, Tarrida del Kropotkin, it has been claimed, favored a purist tion, had decided to retain a loose relationship with south: "Vengeance will be terrible!l' Marmol, an anarchist of a distinguished Catalan family anarchist elite and rejected,the The warning became a reality before the year was and director of Barcelona's Polytechnic Academy, re- Bakuninist delnand each other. 1n,1888, they formalized this as apact of . for a close linkage between anarchist groups and large Union and Solidaiity of the Spanish Region. With the out. On November 7, during the opening night of ported his eye-wit¡ess experiences in a book, Les.ln- mass organizations. Actually, this is pot quite true. in revival of the labor movement,in 189,l, ihe pact of Barcelona's opera season, two bombs werb thrown quisiteurs de I'Espagne, that caused a shudder of hor- a dispute with a number of ltalian anarchists Union ror north of the Pyrenees. These tortures were so who ad- and Solidarity convened for its î"rrst congress in *ln vocated a strictly conspiratorial type of organization, Maroh, atûacting socialists as well as anarch,isti Al- Spain, this was colled a "stote of war," Here, l severe that several prisoners died before thei could þe the Russian insisted that the "small revoluiionary though the congress was held ín Madrid, the new or- houe consìstently transloted the expression os "mor- brought to trial. Men were forced to walk for days at a glogp" has to "submerge" itself in the "organìzation ganization was primarily a Catalan movement, in- tial low," which essentiolly denotes the some condi- time without rest; others were hung from cell doors people," government genitals of the a view that closely paralleliBakunin's fluenced by anarchist collectivists and by militant syn- tion: the substitution of civil by military for hours while their were twisted with ropes organizational and burned. Finger and toe nails were pulled off and ideas. dicalists. , ' authority.

6 WIN WIN 7 I inflicred mercilessty ail over the body. rrt-tengtn,_after1"Iîi:^9:rtjles spending the great part of a year in ihe 19r_tgÞ ?jl:on ninery were broughi to triat ín the sprtng of 1897. Of twenfy_six coñvictions, I eight re- I ceived death sentences, an¿ the r.riinlníniå.t."n were gìven tong terms ín prison. i s. ;b;i.i;¡; innocenr i LouisE Mickel: wefe the convicted men that fìve were actuaily ac_ quitted. Nevertheless, the vindictive Canovas iegime j I acquitted prisoners re-arrested and transported t 'ArucEf'of ito"had.the. the perral African colony of Rio d'Oro, the S[anish I 'equivalent of France's Devil's lsland. I ¡ 'PnRis . _Weyler's attempt to crush oppositional sentiment I rn rhe CoMMUNE Barcelona backfired completely. Not only did he fail to extirpate the anarchists, bút u ,urriu! protest rolled in from Europe and South America. Mås mãrt- ings against the Montjuich tortures and atrocities were held in London,.Paris, and other cities. Leading figurei all over the continent expressed their outrage igaäst "'l by Mnnin¡r Leiqhron the barbari tie s of E spag n e .i n q u Ì s i to r ia l, OesIìtJits shortcomings, her female contemporaries, Louise the closing years of the ninetäenth cen_ The life and self.avowed motivations of Louise Miitret Like many of tury were a period when men could be genuinely can help us to understand in psycho.social terms a Michel often seems more like a pious nun than an angered by visible evidence of injustice. neglecteil type of historical female revolutionary style. "emancipated woman," as currently' defined. Pauline (a . E'nally on. August 8, 1997, only a few month5 after ln recent works on women's history, three "types" Roland-(a Communarde of 1848), the Montjuich rrials, the terrór reáched itrã premier have received the bulk of investigation and att€ntion: fighterwith Michelin the 1871 eommune).and Louise personally. Cancvas was cornered on the teirace ofa suffrage pioneers, important socialist theorists, and tvîichel identified themselves rigorously wifh ttreir mountain resort in the Basque country by Michel spokeiwômen for new lifestyles (sexual liberation, al- cause, and refused to distinguish their pu.blic lives 'i Angiollilo, an ltalian ánarchisr, and shbrío àeìth. nl_ ternatives to insitutional family, etc.). from their private lives. Devotion to the people, ex- though Angiollilo was garroted for ttre issasii-nation, treme physical deprivation, sexual asceticism and an.u¡successful humblq and quiet lives (often as attempt by the anarchist Sempau to Yet the "mini'stering angel" role of women's ac- moralism, and k¡ll Lt. Narciso Portas, not.atypical of such nun'like revolu- one of the Civil Guard bfficers t¡vism has not been dealt with, aside from middle and "spinsters").were who had presided over the_Montjuich tionaries. atrocities, ended-- upper class social workers like Jane Addams or in quite a different result. Despitã the fact itralh¡s Whereas the rnale radical tradition in 19th century- i Florence Nightingale.'However, even in ra$ical and I assassination attempt occurrredlonly a month after the socialist movements, the motivations of many France was often dominated in word, spirit, and deed death,of Canovas, the Montiuich atrocities by extreme rationalism, women revolutionary leaders I had pro charismatic women speakers and writers seem to have cluced. such profound a reaction of shock that n'o judge been of an extremely self:sacrificiaf nature. lt ¡s ¡mpor- embody a new kind of spiri.tual b,ody which tends to would convict Portas'would-be assassin and he was tant to recall that Victorian.ahd late-Victorian female be self-consciously transcendent, verging on. mystícal released. i socialization was extremely imbued with religious ex- in character. The men who performed 1 , these anarchistatentados pression 4nd image, which, combined with other fac- Louise Michdlfs radical activities did not begin untíl . ' (as the terrorist acts were called) were not cruel or un- iors of self-perception rooted in Victorian female ,she was 41 years old, during the Paris Gommune of . : r fgeling like Weyler portas, I ' or *t o uppurrntlv relisne¿ childhood socialization, created the mentality of the 1871, which she considered the turning-point'ln'her the-ir brutaliries. I The originai bombines oi 1ágl an¿ of style revolutionary. 'j life. Just prior to that time, she was merely another :, ' I Joan Arc 1892 had been relatively harmless acti; they were ob_ I Louise Michel's charismatic style ¡s an extreme of instltutrlce, spinster elementary school teacher ín. viously I meant to shatter bourgeois complaJency and this type of female activism. Much of the strength of Paris. True, sire had been involved in various.radicaf or- . , .:- p¡gvokg a spirit i of revolr among the woikers, nôt he¡: aÉöeal to other revolutignaries and tg the Parisian ganizations and intellectually radical groups in the t clairn I life. The lethal bombingsihat followeí*"r. rr- poor rests upon her total identification with and. 1860's; but she had also 5ung fairly regularly in the .':. , actions to the ;' barbarities of t-he police ,ná iÈ",trt.. ämbodimenl of "La Vierge Rouge" (The Red Virgin) choir in her local Catholic Church, up u.ntil.the Com- ' ' . The ' otuntodos had devetop e¿ tråm õpià-b;;;tr, inro as'she was popularly called. Not only was she an ex- mune when she became violently anti-clerical like most ' despe.rate acts. of vengeance. Despite'the tãrriüte price treme exemplar of this development in her self-image other . they took in life and suffering,,these terrorist acts and her identification of self with the Social Revolu' She was born as the illegitimate child of the servant served to damage'rhe facade óî Spanish sãuãinrãnt ,n¿ tion, but also in her later conscious articulation of and in a family of rural nobility. She was educated and reveal the cgld despotism that tay betrinã Canovas's âdherence to the ideology of anarchism. raised as part of the family, a not uncommon'occur- mogkery of parliamentary rule. Louise Michel was probably the best:known, popu' rence if the father or son were.implicated in thsservant ' The anarchists had been goaded from a generous lar speaker on socialism'and anarchist socialism during child's paternity. For man/ yeärs, the future Louiæ humanism into. a vengeful relrorism. This bilan ãirf y, . the 1880's and 1890's, until her death in 1905. Michel was called Louise deMahis, the family nume ôf as we noted, when the lnternationals, almosimortaliy Through her speaking missions, she reached literally the household where Louise"s mother Marianne seryed.'-'' ' by .wounded the Serrano repression; established an hundreds of thousands of French ånd English people, Louise and her mother remained with the deMahis' un' lrvengtng Executive Nucleus.', When the Cordobese introducing them to socialism. Attended by hundreds til the death of the head,of the family and the sçlling began complaining - ' lection franricatfv ló tñe þäeraf of thousands Òf Parisian poor, her funeral in 1 905, of the estate, at which time the old family servant and Lommtsston about police repression, the answer it re was the second largest in French histoiy unt¡l that her illegitimate child went to Paris. There Louise's èx. cetveo .,Tak-e ts signiï¡cant: note of the names of your time, second only to . Yet tôday, since ception-al education in music, the arts, and literature g9r;gcu.1or1.f.or rhe. day of revenge and justicã.; Ac_ her approach to ihe world often seems so melo- stood her in good stead in supporting the two of them tually,.the "Avengi¡g Executive Nucleús" and the dramâLic to the modern mind and sinie male socialist with teaching iobs. Lordobese section did very l¡ttle to even the score; historians are usually more impressed by vast bodies Lo'¡rise remâined with her mother, caring for her, government the and políce ínvariably came out ahàad.'But of theoretical quibbling than with actual relationships worrying about her, until her mother's death while a rtme would come when the names collected bv the oppressed, she is virtually unheard of. Louise was imprisoned in the 1880's. Later in life, police the with woutd be marched ¡v tné liiis piåpur"ili *,r¡, Louise's only companions were devoted women friends. gpponents; then, rhe firing squad of tire-"- -Ëilaneã woutd Morlon Lelghton ls a member of the Rounder Records As a schoolteacher, she often lived with other women be echoed -'-"o- ,e'-7 by those of tnJfÁ1. collectlve, Thls ørttcle is exerpted from a longer plece teachers when she first left her childhood home.,ln ln Black Rose, No. /. later years; after her mother's death, she lived with 8 W]N Draw¡rig by Kathe Koilvriitz. wlN e ) younger women tike Marie For example, to relate to the wórld and to "rri:i: "!..!:1, Ferre, uhe I colored by her involvement in the Commune. There- hand, obscure, theoretical discussions or implications by society. younger.s¡ster of Louise's martyred, as a is not tremendously fellow Communard after, she believed herself embody of her ideology did not interest her. - :. , one's ideology "vessel" dif- Theophile-Ferre: to the Social Revolu- Never did she'expérienãe similar inti- tion and behaved accordingly, living always in uttqr Louise Michel's anarchism was a non-dogmatic radi- ferent from the way a traditional mothçr might relate mate.and caring relationships with men. material deprivation on what little she could borrow cal ideology in that, for all its emphasis on the prin- to her offspring. Furthermore, the narcissism of total All her experiences with men seem to have been from old friends or earn by her writing and speaking ciples of , anti-Statism, and anti- identification of self with one's beliefs is quite appar- to.tally idealized. Her inspirational poetic muse from engagements, niost of which she gave away. , it would never statically impose itself ent. lt is fur[her true that Louise Michel was terribly adolescence was Victor Hugo, who in rãiuin i¿ealize¿ upon a popular uprising with emergent radical impliôa- masochistic in service to her ideology and to di5ad- i her and immortalized her iñ_á poem of tribute. She en- H9, ide-ology, tions. As during the Commune, there was'rló distinction people joyed . loosely described as anarchism, was vantaged around her.. similar relationqhips wìth prominent iia¡cats or lggely defined during her years in exile. Here again, betwêen her life, needs, and emotions, and the lives, I am in no way belittling qr trivializing Louise men of letters like Kroþotkin and Henri de Rochefort. _ she always stated that her belief in anarchism wãsthe needs, and emotions of those oppressed around her, Michel's place in women's history. Her conlrihutiqns It seems entiiely unlikely.that these contasts, which result of her perìonal political experiences. Louise whom her ideology served. to society and her vision of a new society are tiemcil- were the source of much of her creative energy, were Michel's.relati"onship to her ideology was a total orfe; ln the Victorian period, the values.of the religious dously important in women's history, in libertarian ever physical complicàtbd by actuat contact. it could brook no hypocrisy in heipersonal life nor establishment were inþrained in a female's self-image socialist history, and in French Revolutionary history. Once the Commune had been declared, Louise Michel However, I am affirming that Louise Michel's greatness, o found her element. During the Commune, she was is, so to speak, the potential greatness of Everywoman. I became an anorchist when we were exiled to ; I i literally tireles¡ usually not go|ng home or sleeping for New saw that the lows of attractìon which endlessly car- The male historical school of the "Great Man" has days Coledonio for our activitÌes in the , On ry countless spheres toword new suns between thè tvyo I on end. She attended rneetings of many oigan-iza- emphasized the distance from the experience of the the State's shìps, we tions, working with all people, commiting hôrsel-f to were sent wtth affictive ond'.. eternities of the post ond of thë future, olso preside in Man in the Street to the Great Male Leader. Further, def.amgtory.cgndemnøtions, I others, all the while carefully trañscending to which we were ab; the destinies of human beings in tln pternol progress - male historians often tend to have us believe ,that l'glp¡lg solutely indifferent, identification with any particular group. To have 6een hoving seen thot, obeiyinq our whìch attrocts them toward o true ideal, ever changing Great Women possess unique, mysterious, male-af- consciences, we a partisan of one particular organization would have would hove been uiminoTs tõ behove and growing, I am then an anarchìst because only firmed qualities that consequently separate them from otherwise been inimical to her style, herbwn ideology at that thon we did: rother we reproach ourselves f onorchy meons the happÍness of humanity, In working the rest Of the hysterical, masochistlc, narcissistic, and for being time being very amorphous and vàgue if juáged in not more vengeful; sorrow in certain circum- ,for the ultimate good, the highest ìdea which con be paisive women of their age. By implication they say: terms of traditional intellectual developmeni. stances is treoson, comprehended by humon rotionollty is anorchy. emulate and strive for male qualities of strength and ,l871, Always, ìn Constantly during March-May until the Com- order to bring us to repentance for hav- For to the measgre in which ages will pass, progress you will be a Great Woman. ln opposition, it.seems foulh¡ for , and for protection mune was frnally defeated by the Versailles forces, !1tO against such : os yet unknown will follow, ls it not common know- that Great Women, while'different from Everywoman "great malefadors" es us, we were put Louise lived with the threat of death looking over'her into-coges lik:e i ledge that what appeors as for one or two gener- in their unusually important social, polítical, or in- shoulder, often consciously lìons or tigers atlons will be reallty to the third generotlon? seeking to expole herself ¡ tellectual achíevements, have not always achieved this to the most dangerouq extremities. gather'èd For four months on the ship, we could see nothing greatness She up the -o Only anarchy citn render mon ethicalty dwore, since by attempted "masculinization," but often wounded and bandaged them but sky.ond water and occosioiotty thewhite soil of y psychological qualities. on the baatlefield. . .ìne only anarchy con mitke him totolly free, Anarchy there- by extreme female went under fire to rescue cat. b9ot, li-hg a bhd's wing, on the hoVlzon-that i a ..under fire also, she impres- fore meons the complete separatlon from the hordes ln summary, the richness and intensity of female read Baudelaire a sion of flatness wos startl¡ng. There, we had ølt ihe i with student. . .near a barricaáe, she of the enslaved ond true humanity. For every mqn par- internalized activity (fostered at an early age by socie- played the harmonium tlme in the world tg think, îocked by the gentte ' in a Protestant church at t tlcipat¡ng ln power, the stote is llke the bone upon tal proscriptions or discouragement of externalized Neuilly. rhythm of the woves, beiis tifted ¡ní¡nitàtí inïã j tne which the dog gnaws, ond it is for this reoson that he behavior allowed or encouraged in male, children) has dþto1ce.9r gxpelled all ot once to the immense depths, During one night of heavy fighting, she paid a mid- defends the state's power. at certain times in history led women to perceive their . the shrlll whistltng of the wind tn thg sails, the veisgt ' night visit to the grave of a forñer cióse wäman friend ¡ lf power makes one feracious, egotìstical, ond own self-image within the body social in terms very groanlng under the swells; there we'were i¡ke servants at a.cemetery on the hêights outside of paris. Vividly cruel, serultude is equolly degroding; onarchy then disparate from that of their male revolutionary counter- to the elements and the idea was magnìfted. she later described the eitraordinary event in a lettei. will mean the end of the horrible mìsery ln which the parts. Louise Michel is an extreme example of the E h b ¡ e n ! t h e fo rce o f 14 pa r i n g' t h i n g s, e ve t s, to her fellow Communard, Theophiie Ferre. She had - -co !.t humon roce always lønguìshed; anarchy alone will female "transcendent" revolutionary type. Her self- t men. . , Hovlng seen our friends ¡n lne Cõmmune.ener- þos felt there in the cemetery the presence of heiold not become 0 recommencement of the old suffering, image of identification of herself as inseparable from g-eticgryl throwing their lives owoy, so honesf anâ friend, as i:f distinctions between life and death no so More and more, it ottracts hearts tempered for the bot- her ideology further extend5 to the political beliÞfs to fearful of not betng odequate toîheìr taSks, t ropidly '¡1 longer had any meaning, as if she had perceived a time. tle for truth ond which she self-consciously adhered later in life after 'present, come to be convinced that honest p"opt" ¡ustice. lessness of the moment,'wherein past, and ii po*", *ttt the Commune, i.e., anarchism. be as incopoble there øs the dtshoiesl'oie Humanity wishes future merged. She had experienéed íife on aíother n[rmiùt oiã to live ond odhere to anorchy in ln politics, the identification of self with one's be- thøt lt is impossible for ltberty ever to be alfied the straggle against despair which lt must engoge ln or- plane. Only onè other time does she record a similar wlth liefs is intellectually compatible only with an ideology any power whatever, der to leove the obyss, this struggle is the harshness tran,scendent experience and that was in extreme old 'tV¿f that affrms the unity of means with ends. Thus, after inii ïiãiõiittton formÌns ony risen from the rocks below; any other idea seems like . age, after she wa3 hit by an assassin's bullet and be- sovernment the Commune, Michel came to believe thaf no hier- whatever was incons¡stent, thøt doês-not open tumbledown stanes ond upraoted weeds, must fìght lieved herself to be resting on her deathbed. it all $/e archical or dominating politîcal structures as a means the doors to progress, and that the couroge, qlso with logic. Michel's revolutionary institut¡o'ns of the not only with but lt is time could be compatible, even during a transitional or crisis Ç9ui¡e mystique should not . . post, which seemed to disoppear, octuølly that the true ideol, which is greater and more beoutiful be dismissed as atypical of the examplei of other remained stage, with a totally liberatory, revolutionary end. un/er changed names. Forged in the cháìns of the otd than all the fìctions which preceded it; should be women leaders of the Cìrmmune. Louise Michel, w.orld, these lnstitutlons form a single bloc whiòh shown prominently enough for the dislnherited masses Consistent with Louise Michel's anarchism, the only thoroughly steeped in the phantasmagoria of thä must I dlsoppeor entlrety. to make deceptive authentic revolutionary. leader must be óne whose,life French romantic tradition, and way foia new world, happy no longer to shed their blood for chìmeros. a trerñendously imagina_- is one with her ideology and'gne'.¡vith those people tive poet ond free, under the heovens. This is why I am on anarchist. Michel and novelist in her own right, obviouily wãi -Louiæ whose needs her ideology purportedly serves. The coin- more conscious of living through a èeriain ímage or paratively greater psychic energy at women's disposal, mystique than many other women are. But eveî here ,,phony,'or any compromise with alternate political modes. almost from birth. As in the Victorian "respectable , caused by the comparatively greater intensity of one cannot be led to depict her as a a ln some respects, Louise Míchel's representatiohal classes,tt relígion was the great educator, so today the feminine internal activity, has allowed women revolu- "crackpot;" her mystique was her life and iñspiration. relationship with her ideology, colored the very nature values of the psychoanafytic establishment, the new tionaries of the "" type greater imagina- During the c_onfusion of Bloody Week, . May 1971,' of the ideology itself. While absolutely intoleranû of priesthood, operate as the dominant socializing force tiveness and greater creativity in'outlining a multi- which saw the final slaughter of the Communárds by reformist groups and reformist political measures; (she. 'upon middle and upper women of the dimensional.relationship with the world, as well as the Versaillesé troops of the Third , Mariañne refused nomination by a women's group to run for' West, ln both instances, society encouraged a feminine multi'dimensional ideologies to explain this relation- Michel was arrested and was to be shol in her dadghter's political offce because she belíeved thaï electoral re core personality to be constructed upon passivity, nar- ship. lmplied in, or maybe inherent in, the female stead. Louise rushed to the detention center, buru-ly form could not promote or aid in making a thorough- cissism, and masochism-qualities viewed very negative- revolutionary's approach to her ideology and revolu- saving her m_otherts life. Two trials followe¿, U.foru going revolution) she was nonetheless dogmatic only ly ,if possessed by "patriarchs" themselves. tion is the necessity for a more subtle awareness of, Louise was finally sentenced to exile in New Caledonía in the senie that the "dream," the new world, the, Yet many outstanding Victorian women were able and acting upon, different faceis of interrãlationships, for her role in the París Commune. must never be compromised. Destruc- to become extremely productive and creative mem- both societal and persohal, which often do not seem All of Louise Michel's later life, from exile her at tion of the old order must be complete in order to allow bers of society by variously balancing feminine per- immediately definable in traditional male, narrowly age 41 until her death at the old age o,f 7S is deeply for total construction of the new. But on the other sonality components usually iudged only negatively rational, linear perceptions of the world.

IO WIN l wrN 1.1 -cÞ l Nineteen^se.venty-one was the coldest winter of rècent The most enroging port of beìng unemployed, h9w-. years tn Chicagor Below-zero gusts of wind blew ever, is the feetini oÍ isolation-the feeling that nobody bosses certoinly don't core. If they did they lît_"l.l.S,[t lh...picket tine of Wobblies and supporrers in cores, The producrs us off ìn the fìrst place, The sociol .1!. jwy,ttrte. againsr Hip, lncorþörated ¡ust wouldn't hove laid west ol.the Chicago Loop downtown area. The Hió N workers ond unemployment cçunselors moy, os indi- Products RoL for'us but to the bureau- , produced,,youth-market" lh/h/ some sympothy workers goodi viduals, feel llKe oesrgn candles. They struck for better conditions, crotic iystem that they serve we are iust o casç numbef ; out or itï !¡!,q u clear lunchróom and clean bathrooms, for and when our unemployment insuroncë'runs higher wages, for an end io intimidating compuny bv some technicolity we orþ denied food stamps or practices like mandatory lie detector telts, for an end other bentefits, the bureoucmcy is relieved of one more , ' ' rå to forced.overtime, and for the lndustrial Workers of clse to ptroceis ond'some money is soved, .' " the World as their bargaining,union. The strike car- ried on for a good part of that winter, with the com- government' weakened considerably in in- Ì pany The US trying to fire four workers. lnformational picket ternationallrade by the inflationary dollar, has not lines were set up at Hip Products outlets as far away U".n iUt. to deal with the depression. Labor Departr * as Boston and San Francisco, and a new strike song foresee unemployment rising fg¡. at ,,1 rrntl""onotists was written in the snowy cold to Johnny Cash's i"itt ttt" duration of this year, even allowing for liberal Walk the Line." itimulants to the business cycle. Depression-level lob' These strikers were the largely young, white, Chi- oronrutt have been poorly administered at both the cano, and black workers who produce, for example, iedðral and local levels. ln lllinois, funds aflótted the !.!" 4rV goods at the local Kresges or Montgomery unemployment offices were used to hire.more managers Wards. Along with their sisters and brotheri in other in¿ Uboti their salaries, rather than to hire more full- industrial cities,'they constitute the underpaid and ' rime service workers. overworked backbone of light industry in North Amer- For years the IWW has advocated thé six-hour day ica. Jobs last in these small to medium sized plants as in induitry, with no cuts in inco¡e, simply-by.employ- long as the company does not change its marginal ing more óóople in the produclive pr.ocess'r'Such a de- marketing line and move out, until a businesirecession of both the employed mãnd can'unite organizations 1 starts lay-offs, or.until one worker here and there is unà ttt" unemployõd. More and more, though' groups lucky enough to find a slightly more stable job or even of idled workers may re'open those factories that were get an apprenticeship. Like the unorganized workers paid for over and over, but which are¡ot in use' ln a in serv.ice jobs and heavier industries, North they are mostly þublished speech last December to a Chicago semi-skilled.or unskilled and a good many highly.paid bide public'meeting of the'unemployed, the Associatç union business agents will tell you that they ãre un- Editór of the Induitriol Worker, Patrick Murfìn, dis- - prganizable. cussed the possibilities of factory seizures: Assembly, industrial, and service production This depression will undoubtedly cause the fqilure workers create a vast wealth, only a small share of small ond medium sized production fìrms' which they receive back as wug"s. Organized workers, BVCRNIG LEDÉORD of mony will cut loose their yalleJ operotions who amount to only about20% of the US working Congtomerates to create a,different industrial socíêty run by workers ao. Unfortunotely, most úiiìons prop up private enter- | to consolidate capital tn btg facilities and mqximize ,*. çlass according to AFL-CIO estimates, may receive a through their industrial unions. The iWW has been tndusiriat llorkers'of the )Aorld is one union' profìts ilorkers in these plants do not hove to È slightly larger wage share depending on their industry irìse, The their ' reasonably flexible and adaptive to technologic4l, 'that beyond the present system of productÌon' unemploymenl tying down. They con oc' and locality. Unemployed workers are left to fend for I looks iokieihe¡r . ' e.çonomic and political changes, to the poinútrâí it'is orgon'ized to fìght the bosses right now, not ptants and resume production as their own fhemselves or are allotted a welfare pittance to stay lfie ore cupy their the oldest.active radical labor organizatìon in North iust for riore and cheoper gos, butfor the whole works bóíses. This is not as impossible as it may at f¡rst sound' out of the productive process until the employing '14)e . ' America advocating militant jobãction and the worker continue to fìght these skirmishes forever' we do the same work every doy ond could class, which owns, controls, and consumes the vast con After oll, self-management of industry. we ore gõing to have to put on e7/ the do it whether or not there wos o boss stand- : surplu,s of wealth left after wage or welfare state pay- Eventually, ¡o continué tu Much top¡ng the means of productlon (drilling is widely used in Euro^Pe and has , ments., determines _ of the lWW.in the US, Canada, Great Biitain, fìohtlno Oi ing over us, The tactic that their employment may once plants) into our own growing such occu- again be profìtable. Sweden, and the Pacific is organized intb general mem- ,'ns. ref¡nêr¡es, amnufacturing úed mony iobs , . A movement.of - bership groups or branches. The memberiof há¡íds and próduce for use insteod of for profìt' iations caí, ¿o much tô support itsetf with the help of ' ';' ; As a revolutionary organization, the lnclustrial these 'the ' ': groups may work on a variety jobs; areas have been leaf- unemployed and of tenont un¡ons, Eventually' Ìt Workers of the World seeks to include all wage workers. of they may be un- Lately, IWW members in several employed or retired. So long as they are meeting offces. The 1975 depres- can snoiboi to take in bigger and bigger plonts' This Struggles like the one at Hip Products are imþortant they letting lócal unemployment . may ch-oose a variety labor inflation serves as a tool not c)nty provide work, but wotlld olsg loy the pot only in the vital light of their immediate gains for of activities, from support sion aîcompanied'by rampant would picket lines to educational wage gains made groundwork for a new socìal order built not the plant workers, but, also in their larger coniributions meetings. As well, loóal to weaken ihe working class. Dollar solid IWW members have become involv'ed yeari been lost in the decline of aroun'd bosses or commissorst but around the working fo the rest of the working class, regardless of industry in worÉplaià or- ín the last several have ganizingor.shop workers profits, the other hand, have itself, pr employment status. The strike at Hip Products prù have directly sought out the real wages. Corpoiate on class lWW. Like at Hip Products. The scope of this article mismanaged corporations like in the auto- are all valuable educa- fluced some gains for the workers by the time it was is risen, añd Leaflets, flyers, and speéchêi not to write a recent history the millions of production workers workeis pnded. The cornpany itself has since gone out of busi- of lWW, but to show mobíle industry laið off tional tools. They bring together'like'minded how IWW's propose class union prob.. absorption of gorged inven' quoted above are all ' Fess-once their line of products beiame outmoded. aption'to settle to buy time for the market and convince others. The leaflets "'' lems facing workers. both Marx and But a number of the workers there continued their tories. ãiem¡se¿ on a notion common to depression is in the unem- capitalist membership ín the lWW, not out of any nostalgia, but The Wobbly group in Tacoma, Washington produced But the real story of the bakunin: that workers in an advanced _ winds intothe street, full of out of an obstinate recognitíon that struggles like the a leaflet in response to last year's oil crisis thatanalyzed ployment offce line that sgciety can not run industry until thêi are first con- to buy groceries. IWW members ' as a class, upon whom production ðne they waged at Hip would likely go on so long as corporate and government complicity in driving up'oil iollis who canrt afford slious'of themselves that began: just propaganda or- class interests dictated their worki ng lives. prices. The leaffet closed with: in New England distributed a leaflet deoends. Still, the IWW is not a carry his or Since the foundin gof the IWW seventy years ago, Beìng unemployed can get to be a ¡eol drøq, Most of laäization. Añ IWW member will likely to work, qhether working on an unor' the organization has held together on the notion of lUe con't\ely on either government or the free en- us end úp bunim¡ítg off olour friends ond famlly-. We. ñer opinions gan¡zäd unioñized job. Lunchroom talk, for building a class union, in which workers increasingly terprise system to help us out of this situation, The get discouroged ofler tromping the.streets d.ol day or already 'toohing .oft9r group of workers today may exert their economic power from the sho p-floor level only weøpon we woge workers have is our combined forjobs thot aren't there, fle get tired of hear' instance, among any economic and political questions' The economic strength. l|orking people need to come to- iig the same refrain: "Sorry, we dgn't have^gnytfl.nO cover a úariety óf Croig Ledford is the General Secretary-Treasurer questions, ones that hit closest to home, how- of gether on a well organlzed and massive front to back tõday; but wr'll keep youi appticotlon on fì\e." lt's no key the the lndustriol l|orkers of the lMord, problems affecting a group of workers eoch other up, Our unlons would be the togìcal way to wondei that we get pissed off, evér,'are those

l2 WtN WIN I3 i

I

MILDRED LOOMIS immediately plant. I. in the How is the lighting? Who did make the existing unions more honest, and to create rne. supe.rvrsor_yell at last? lf production goes down, prodUctive work for the unemployed. Al.l these Years ahead of his time,.Ralph Borsodi was ab-out the of ' will the lay-offs start this wee'k? problþms can and are, to one degree or another, be¡ng frst dropout from the rat race to demonstrate how an {!ere. are not rights to free speech or peaceful as- tackléd by IWW's. This article conta¡ns only a few individual could live the good life in spite of the sembly. during a labor'er's working hours. The freedom examples; why don't you dig a little deeper? You mechanization of man in our industrial society. to hold a shop floor meeting of wãrkers should be a probably need a union. Expanded famìlies, communes, intentional com- , basic,demand of the labor rñouement. IWW membeis , mùníties, and other natural ways.of lÍving which 't working presentlV in a Midwestern metal machinerv contempora¡'y young peoþle are just now discovering plant pushed for monthly shop floor meetings of ilie were demonstrated in successful experiments at the already established company union with the results time of the great depression by Ralph Borsodi'and \ that immediate grievances and safety hazards can be ; written up in his Fligh¡ ¡¡sm The City, (Harper$' isolated immediately and immediately discussed. CONTACT: ' 1932). As our nation and thè world piunge intó l Where IWW have for our problems I members entered into organizing lf you are interested in the activities of the lWW, get another depression, the solutions campaigns, it has often been in spite of labor laws and in touch with the branch or delegate nearest yoú."Or which he set forth then are still practical. They are r the legal denials of basic rights to wage workers. That contact the general administratio n at 7 52 West Web- being applied by so many people that the. pub.lishers there is collusíon between politicians and corporate ster Ave., Chicago, lllinois, 60614. brought out a new edition of Hight in 1972,40 years managers is no nervs; that this collusion extends into after the first introduction of these (un)common sense I Dean maintaining workers as a manageable, profitable class icleas. is simple labor economics. Since, for example, the re- IWW directory ! Fár in advance of most rebels, Borsodi saw how gional offices of the US Nation¿l Labor Relations nmrilnm the factory system plus Madison Avenue was degrad- (NLRB), Board a body supposed to guarantee the or- ANçBOnAcl, ALASXA : hn¡ 8t.rÍtù, ôtrßt , 20C Eoorlæc, ADètDr{rr Ah¡fr eefol ing human beings. Marx and others were showing'how ganizing rights of industrial workers, are open only dur- IOAîOll ERANCE : EoCü Od.r¡¡ lfrEbrsluD E¡ücbr^Ucr Scü¡di, Bmà 8.c- weie being exploited; Borsodi showed they r.trt, EO Eor aõ|, C¡Dbrl*!,^n¡ Iurchlætt! Oaf Sg ...workers 'BOltLDlR- - rwere ing the daytime business hours, any rank-and-file or- OOIðRÄIX): Idh I'tæ!clt, d.lrlrt , tloBorrf6,Eá¡fdò¡, CotoÌtb !d01, exploited as ionsumers too, thtiircreativity fclr¡¡on iæ-gr-3Go¡ ganizing committees or union óaucus gro-up must find mangled' P-U-!qAI¡, Nllf, lORl(: l.Dtt Pf¡Il, dGl.trt , ?? Ec¡ù.rt StElt, htt¡to, Nrr yort and destroyed. some surrogate for representation in routine Nl-S,B UZgl, t lrDbûG ?rû-61?-6ttl Rãlph Bprsodi wäs a forerurfner of theoçurrent matters. boss give paid CXIC¡{¡O 8RANCtr: Chlc4o cüÛ¡¡^ ltEb.r!ùtp Brucb, D.vtd d.Vsr!r, æ¡.f¡¡r; No would a worker time off to rut.llr¡t W.b!t ¡, Chtcl.o, tlttDl! 66ll, t.ftDùom ¡f¿-íf¡:æf¡, ¡r¡¡tnri¡ ¡¡¡t¡õ rebellion of young pegple agaiäst meaningless lives. pursue a union case against him. Or, as with the NLRB- t¡rd FHd¡t ol mst e¡t¡ He too, more than 50 years ago, was repulsed by lo-!T w4llll, 9tDn!4t ft6 rmôrlu, d.t.ßró, Bo¡ ró6, Fortw¡ræ,r4!ll!¡ conducted "representation elections," the laws are $ü¡r, trhrùm. 2lÈaa¿-Clll creatures "made in the image of God" grabbing and constructed to management's advantage. When FOU8îON, TEXAS: Btrc¡¡. Vütb|, rt tt!rt!, Uüt¡G T!Ùq¡Értott rr ru õlO, ?!06 workers N¡vl¡rt!ú Eq¡lmtü, Eo¡de, L1 7?011, Gttba¡t uGrr, .bf!túr, Gmn¡ taa;¡!a¡- grubbing for comumer trivia which does not satisfy in, say, a fast-food restaurant petition for an NLRB !ùtÞ, ?031 Xrmt, Bq¡ið, Lr ??Ol? ' any basíc need. His achievements-productive homes, IqÀN8 8 CllY, X¡8*XIRI: RrlDh llntctr ûll!!ltG, 602 p!!t at,th Ste.t, ¡,lltbot ?, election to determine their bargaining unit, the elec- ¡(err Cltt, ¡ll!rut, tchDb¡r 8f6-ûi¡l-2õ?e homesteading, communities, books and researches- LE ¡Ì{GîON, XlùTUCtrY: Nmst Cotlt¡!, dal.S¡ta,3t6 Roe gtFst, S, tion itself is normally not held for six weeks or more. ApertDc¡t tfi- have people. iDtt6, Kattucft .0$8 influenced countless Alert and active,in .. And, even though the restaurant may have a high turn- fPg_AñftI¡8, CtLtFORtftt: fiortæ XcDaatclr, ' ltt30 Trurc At@, bil!- 1975, his experiments ethical and money sys- wd, C¡¡Uonl. oltlot, tcl.Db¡c ¡f3-67t-E3tt in land over rate, only workers employed at the date the elec- f DIgO_ll, WlEOOlûn¡: nlcb¡¡l Ll¡ltrr, últcfrt ,.ll0 C¡¡trâlt Cor¡r't, I¡dm,.yt!- tems, are helping turn the tide towrad decentralism. tion was set can vote. The restaurant management Srlt !, d.lr!¡tr, lzG w€st fl¡æ¡, t{arüm, wtæo¡rt¡ CS?0E, tcrr- can pbomry-b -1191i !Q use period 004-2tt-r0ôE As a boy, Ralph Borsodi a middle-ciãss family the in between to eliminate or force out M¡LWÀU|(IE, WISCþl{llIlf : John gchær, dolcg¡tc, 2e30 A North Bætù, Iriltm¡¡ü, Wt& lived in anyone it suspects of preunion sympathies. conltr õ9212 . iñ . He was in private schools, or privately -MONTRIÂ-L, QUIBEC: Ron stt¡.r, drlrgato, 20! ltrut Roy¡t W.rt, Apat'tnüt t, Èto¡- W|¡9re the agencies are ineffective and. unresponsive, t¡ral, Qsr¡rc, Cil¡d¡ tutored on tours with his mother, a concert iinger. At ì' NIW YOnX CITy BRA¡fCt: Ncr yorl ¡lctÞDot|tü Cwr¡l !¡rmDenbtD Emcb, È the IWW will simply advocate direct l5 he set up his own apartment and endlessly studied action by the Mo$lll l,lo!!, Brch Sßcr6târt; pO Aor õ?0, R¡do ^¡G¡Ctty St¡tton, ilGr yort CiF f00lg; . ' workers to eliminate the g¡ievance. The following is t€lcDùom 2lZ-a??-3965 his favorites: America's founding fathers, especially . . : -OAI(LA¡ID, CALTFORNIA: Rtch¡rd EUtngton, d€tog¡tc, 6ttg ¡-rn Codtt, Ol¡"r¡, C"u- from a newsletter issued by an IWW committee of lo¡¡¡¡ eaSO¡, trtGpào¡a at5-0!8-02e3 Jefferson 4nd Tom Paine; the Bible and the Bagavad- grocery store OBERL¡N, OBIO: D¡vo Burcr, delcg¡tc, c/o Nr Mcdt. WortdþDr ã0 Wclt ¡l@ln Ay- gita; Thoreau, Emerson, Tolstoy, Henry workers: eNb, Oba¡ltn, Ohlo t{øl John'Locke, Next you're OROllO, llÂlNl: ¡O 8o¡ t08, Om, ¡rt¡t¡€ Oí?3 George and Gandhi. ln his father's publishing business time in the store, check out the ÞORTLA¡ID-BRANCtr: þrürrid (þnr¡a¡ ttembesrhtD B¡eot¡, D.r Nol[, Bruch gac- he was delivery boy, proof-reader and bookkeeper. He , schedule for the night shtft (l Z to Ð, Notice that rct rt, PO Eo¡ la29l, Po¡ttud, Oragon Vl2li Pl?IlBUKiH, PINIISILVANIA: Jultu Bcck, 600 Wô8t North, plttrh¡tù, D.ntrltlru¡s enioyed discussions with writers and authors; made whereas normally at leost four workers are scheduled 15212. Rot 8¡¡rls, lll2 Btdre¡¡ gtr€Gl, Plttrùr¡¡fù, F?Mltlv¡¡¡¡ lú223 WASIfiN{¡IìON: friends with , a disciple of för week nights, flve on weekends, ìt has been cut nrl,l !!4N, Dør¡¡ lgTtG B¡tur, d.tGgeto, NB 63ô M¡¡do¡ Læ, ADqrt_ ment lll?, A¡l¡Eu, Wùh¡¡3ton 00161 and áuthor of A Little Lønd ond a Lot of Living. ' bock a worker o night, The question to be raised is: R.ACII{!, WlSCONfl¡N: Uù Gor&D, delogatc, 9021 $p¡ttrg Street, R.cloé, WtccoDsln 53,l0z RYE,TErAA: Frqd ln his late teens he helped form the Single Tax wìll this become the standard schedule, and more im- Hüæn,&t!g¡to, Bqr ?20, IVc,Tors ??t00, tllr¡ùona ?t3-6E5-¡8?õ sAll FRANCII'@ EnANCBr.Sú Fruclm Bey Adc¡ Coûlr.t Momùc¡!ù¡D Erücb, D¡yld party, and edited its monthly journal. He set up his portont, will it set a precedent far speeding up the en- f¡Dg; Broch scc¡rt¡rt, FO Bor ¡0{86, gü Frücle, C.¡lto¡¡lr Ol¡(X SAIITA_ !O!l-: lr¡gu€ Nrlæn, dltrlatc, Bo¡ ?otl, Sôtrt¡ Rbn, Calttonts oõaol, tr¡!- soap box on street corners and explained to all who tire store? pàom ?dl-88?-tt8l gathered the evils of the land monopoly and the need Monagement certainly con't argue thot "so many SEAllLl BnANC¡: go¡ttl? cüc¡¡t t{.nbcr!ùtÞ Brùcb, 30e Frdera! ;út, S!- .tt¡a, g¡rblllb¡ 0ClO2 ó for the public use of land-site value. workers oren't needed onymore." You don't need ac- gTOCffON, CALTFOBNIA: Rrd Wa¡th¡tr, dals!¡tG, PO dror t?l,.Stoc¡td, C¡¡ttontr 0520t giri cess to the compony books to 5ee that the volume of ÎACþ¡IA BnANCB: Tr@D¡-OltEDle Geor¡¡¡ XGDb"r€Dlp Broch, Ottlllr [¡rùblt, Myrtle Mae Simpsòn,'a Ka4sas.farm in'New'York business for thot shift has been up markedly for the del!g¡t., 2116 8o¡tù S¡G¡lû¡; lrom, w¡!à¡!do! 0010!, tr¡GDùoN 2oo-tt2-ôtle for a career, worked for the Boisodi Publishing Col . mRN¡O BRANCÍ: Torcoùo Cøür¡ I6!.¡!ùlD Bruc¡, c. JmU, Acth¡ Arub gac- Wst few weekq usually o reason to hire more workers, ¡6tart, FO Dq 306, &¡l¡oo ¡, lbrc¡lo {, 6rrþ, C¡D¡ôr . She and Raiph Borsodi fell in love. After their mar-' Perhaps v Ncotltll, ER¡TAq OOLlrllB¡A-: J-.B.llc^trllrcr, del€8¡te, 1165 Woodr.d Drrr., Borsodi up his business '.'' ' manogement intends to cut back on all tlooE 802, VüüyGr û, E ltlsh @lul¡btâ, CMda riage, Ralph set own to coun- shifts this woy. , , At least until we gain legal repre- sel-búsineises in marketing and advertising problems. sentat¡on through the election, we urge oll worhers to Soon his clients included Duponts, the Strauss brothers, toke o dlrect action approoçh. Don't EIMP[ heads Macy's department store, and others. speed up. Above t¡rtürù cünt Oltr¡trtry Colnttt!! of oll, don't work.beyond o pace whìch is normol and A time soon came when Ralph Borsodi was moody oLDlAI,.!1N9 healthy for you, No one glli Boù t¡!!, ôlrt¡te, 0 Cot'tor¡ Aw, tvrmü, OLhD, depressed. Mae pried reason. should end up slck becouse Is9+ltJ, lltlud; Cn¡¡n trorr, d.húrt , lfo C¡addlrr¡ frt, Oltuñ, teuün; and Myrtle for the "ltls monogement is too cheop to hire enough workers. Itìd&d the busingss," he'said. "lncome is OK but l'm:in the ElRIllIltrAI: Dü¡ t ¡l¡¡d, d.lt¡s!., ?Z w.¡ll¡tlo¡ Ro¡d, tr¡ldmnb, frselIbD ¡, Let's take a solid and fìrm stønce on this issue, fel- Eo3tl¡d wrong iob. Advertising doês more harm than it helps." low workers, They may ignore our protests, but they SEr!ütlrt¡ Ot¡uf [üru tGM¡tta not," Myrtle Mae objected. makes lr "Surely, "lt con't ignore us. l4)e do the work. f, l¡U: E F¡y RorüDd, D!|.!¡t!, Eq f¡O tO ¡00 64, Xrfuii, 8nûo goods cheaper-that's a service to people." smC¡gOLI: ¡¡|nu Erl¡rm; f,l¡lrltüw¡¡.tr tlg, q. 3 tr. 12t $, È[rrâo, gr.- j ln 1975, the IWW is more than an idea based on dr! militant union action and workers' self-management n*mc mryu,L Mildred Loomis ls Eirector of Educatisn at the School of ¡ndustry, but ne¡ther would it pretend to be more Â{lAM, OUAI: ü.ttt t¡l|rc, ¡r.nt , *.. ¡Ûl, Atu, (ill.D ¡ttro for Ltving ln Freelond, Marylond. E VAI¡All ll¡Ál|D!. n D.&.qrr. ù¡.rú., ¡O Eq 91, En Þæü, E [ll F?6, t t - powerful or influential than it really ís. There is a lot Þù6. a0-rlÈßel mLær, lftr zl^L¡lllDr trl|h Lcy.tù, ólr.t¡t gO Eos tO¡¡, r¡¡¡¡, *¡¡a, fr¡r of work to be done to organi2e the unorganized, to , wtN 15 TAflAI{lÂ: Ell¡ CnùrD, 3a XãÉdt. tec.rtoo, T¡rnell, Aurtn¡¡ ?¡!O

14 WIN ii "fha.!'s what most people ,,but .. think," Raiph saiiI, society. Together he and Myrtle Mae çanned and the democratic control and development of the new After his to Clare Kittredge, the Borsodi's j,T,fl,1jy-j.l¡s isn'r úue ror. iot är"ã"ãliir¡rî.p* preserved lived' in Melbourne Village Homestead Community ,curany natìonal-brand fobd, kept careful records of costs and com- community. Financial supporters withdr,çw; homes advertising. Retail and-whole- pared them with store-bought goods. Always a sur- were incomPlete. which Dayton associates had built in Florida on the sale advertising which announces joined ind describes goods priSing saving. ln a few years they were eager to build Dayton plan. Theie, friends in organizing and to set new cusromers an¿ Borsodi.agreed to a US government loan, if control hotj ãtJ'.;;;-i; ii.rv¡ce. a new homestead from scratch. Two little6oys added building Melbourne University for the study and solv- Bur narionat-brand advert i;i administration could remain Dayton. ilirable n; i; ; Jifi;"n iriorv. incentive for a "place of our own." On l6 wóoded and i¡ ing of universal problems of living. persuaded officials to a small loan atñ;i il*;;ñåi å'" acres in the Ramapos, they buílt a stone house and d¡ctu-he federal L::iì"ï,il¿'vffi¡t< ""' basis. When funds were extuusted, a "The United States doesn't provide the soil for a de- i outbuildings-called it Dogwoods homestead. Ups on this those and government. centralist culture," Borsodi concluded. "Letfs test successes and failures, always second, loán was reque'sted from the US They discussed it pro and con. Ralph showed her fow1s, living and iearn- the response abroad." He went three times to the Far , ing. On the third floor, in his study For the summer months, Daytpn Liberty home' ho-w the increase of .brotlds-toothpasie, cereals, overloók¡ns the East. ln the mid 1950's he and Clare interviewed.and pinesjlnd h.ills, Ralph poured steaders gardened-no building with no funds-and plumbing, everything-made it necessaiy for his findings and fãelings government officials and cprn- _cl9thes, into This Ugly Civilization-comparing anxiously awaited a reply from Washington. Borsodi lived with educators, .st9re.l.t9 provide mgre shelf room, storage, shipping, ihe sterility ãf mon people in Chiná,Jhailand and southern Asia. He urbanism, . would withdraw if federal control were required. Fac' "Nat¡onal-branb advertising-'8O% industrialism and centralisrñ with the .etc. oi úl aaierilli- tions developed: fol and against government help, reported in Chotlenge of Asio two Asias contending, ing-is distorring people,s valuel health, bea.ury, iusrice and freedom of proJuãiive liv- mis-edubiiing mis which also meant for and agâinst Borsodi. To some for dominance-the old Asia of family and village life, represe.nt¡ng tacts, prices ing on small acreages. raising and reducing pros- Borsodi was a prophet.of a new age; to others, a dic- and the new Asia of cities and factories ge¡ity." To ease his Borsodi mind, wrote ouiând pub- The r.esponse was more than he expected- Letters ar¡d tator. ln September the answer came; "Government Ralph Borsodi counselled Asians not to abandon, lished these facte in NauónatAdverttstng pioi{ntty. peopl-e ,,how rs appeared on his doorstep, dsking can we money will be advanced when and /, by rnajority but to improve their family and village life, to develop He probod deeper into a'ccepted notiãns get a homestead machines, instead of accept' . attendins for ourselves?,; Â collä'pseA ,itv in . vote, the Liberty homesteaders accept direction and decentralist and domestic b.o-om ,the of big business, and came upon another asked his help. Dayron, rhe Gem df ttre-Nlam¡ completion of theìr communityïnder federal officials." ing without question the monopoly and technology of "myth"-that production thio moss of everything was Valley, was hard hit by the depression; banks edict for Until the actual vote, no one the over-central ized West. tnev¡tably were An sure. more efficient and cheaper. Rafph Borsodi c!g:qd, half of rhe heads of families wére unemployed; could predict the outcome. When it came, it was On a second tour, from 1958 to 1962,'Ralph Bor' saw that these assumptions of centralized'industry children were staying home from sctroot wittréüt stroeó close-l2 to 10 in favorof federal funds. On a chilly , sodi studied, lectured and wrote in lndian universities. app€arJo. be valid, ' but they ignore or cover up hiáden Fall day, a "wise manfrom the East" returned to Dog- As a guest of the Gandhian University of Vidyanagar, costs of that process. ,,Of Borsodf said, course there woods homestead to consider next steps. Gujerat, he had all the facilities of an established are economies of. producin g.sgme things by mass buy_ universíty at his disposal. " r., rng, mass producing, specializing labor meihods, etc.' ln 1936, Borsodi and friends had organized and Unfortuhately Borsodi fell ill with dysentery, and 6ut these savings in producing are often eaten up by opened a School of Living for adults. A 40'acrê for months languished near death. His son Bill arrived year a the.costs of transporting raw materials to the cen_ Ramapo meadow became, in the next and half, to hospitalize him, encourage him back.to health, and tralized fac.tory, and the distríbution-advertiging Bayard Lane (intentional) community. Fourteen at' assist his return to his new home in Exeter, New Hamp- storage, selling, homes the School transporting-to the users. The reot tractive, owner-built rock surround sh i re. post to the consumers of mass-produced products of Living;-the school a slightly larger stone house with past often ends up not less but morä than the'products its four acres of organic gardens, compost heaps and Fully recovered, then 80, Ralph Borsodi undei- of projects-impdrtant popula" small-scale, decentralized production in small st¡ópi small barns. Busy families, recently from megalopolis, took new conferences on ri pr problems Ecumenical Humanism in New Eng- the homes of people themselves.,' ¡ of them., in their tion and All this and more I were becoming homesteaders-man! porsodi elaborared land. in hîs 1926 book, TlTe DistributÌon own minds, "building a new world." , Age. His younger friend, Robert Swann, long-time On the world scene, World W4r ll developed. Borsodi pacifist and social activist came to Borsodi for help in .ln this period, Ralph Borsodi was asked bv his I,ì - translated his ideas to â wider stage. He prescribed a "1967.1n tather to handle a land deal for him in Texas. the Marti¡ LJther King movement in the Alone stable money in lnflotion is Coming; he urged families ! fr, and,lonely on the wide open space, he South Robert Swann had decided that the prime need '&. was *iiling to put homes and homesteads. ln sell his father's thousand'acresto to their savings into of the blacks vùas solution to their economic problem- t'he first biddef Prosperity and Security he challenged economists to t'H?ng on to that land, kid,,' advised an ethical alternative to poverty and powerlessness. .._ the hoìel clerk, forsake their abstraction and treat economics in the "People are coming this way. "They need land of their own. Access to land is the iand is goini up. ln ten specifics of actual human beings pfoducing their food, years yoù can make a million youi and coals. W¡uld Borsodi come source of their survival and of their ability to dissent," on fatñer;s acres.', to dírect a program of clothing, shelter and amenities. He said "it is not "But would we have earned helping families moved to hom'estead Swann said. "How shall we help them to land and in- . it?t, asked vr"iiã nãi-pf, communit¡ãï ol produce; economics is really ' Borsodi. outlying land? Gladly. 'notíons'that 'the manage- dependence?" ment of hbuseholds' as the Greeks said; not juggling 'Oeligt¡te¿, "Earned itl Don't be silly,,' ,,Take Borsodi saw in Dayton the po6sibility ,,home- Borsodi proposed the land-trust for title the man said. of figures called 'gross national products."' He exposed wh{ y9y can get and don'i steading and decentralism" held by associations for the common good, and farnily. ,:' ask questioni.;; becoming a national pat- the predatory ways in which many moderns make New York tern, an educational movement, payment of a use-fee-the plan he had proþosed atDay; ' Pr"_k jl City Borsodi asked his quesrion a cuïtural trend. He- (not he called for an economics york earn) their livings; was organized Bob Swann again. "Who owns the land on this island? Wtô ¡, abandoned hís work in New City to eive full ton and at Suffern. lt with "where people matter." Not many economists in the demonstrate and pocketing the fabulous fortunes that come atte¡tion to the Dayton Liberty Homesteids. with accepting the responsibility to teach, from rent- late 30's'responded. One vital decgntralist voice was ing-and_selling those few square miles on iná ün¿"r Sjcial.ASency funds, an 80 acré farm was purchasód. sponsor the land trust through the lnternational lnsti- influenced: told a School of Living acre tr.acÍ of land in whic.h 80,00Q000 are struggling to live_to u"itung" ramiltes-stgned up tor homesteads. Liberty Homestead tute of lndepe¡dence. A 6,000 conference in 1972, Prosperity and Security made a was the first.land-trust formed, developed as a goods for money? So manyleaions,,, he said, ;,whi Association was formed to hold title as a giroup to the Georgia decentralist oìt of me." of, for and-by thepeople in that . some people get rich without y-orkíng, ana land. Each family would have use-title of äne ãr two cooperative area." wny míf g jg, had a part in Agriculture in ' lions.stay pooreven acresfor a small annual.payment (instqad ln I Borsodi year's rhough thôy woiíi! úhat can I do of land-pur- and O.E. Baker Borsodi organized and conducted a experi; to chase) and. there Modern Life, by M.L. Wilson of the change these soçial conditiòns?" bu-itd theii nor"'inã raisã iñifi rãã'¿, ment in a stable currency, known as Constant currency.i. , þlp US Dept. of Agriculture. ln a lively trilogue he showed Bolton Hall's / Llttle Land and to which they had full private t¡tle. WlN, 11241741. Backed by and issued against 30 ' . a Lot of Livtng the advantages of organic, family-farming over com- [see suggested the answer. When more mone)¿ was needed the project Com- staple commodities (wheat, oats, corn, rye, peanuts, . mercial mono-culture and agri-busìness. "ln a few mittee suggested borrowing from the federal govern- oil, coal, metals) Constants circulated in lieu of dollars 19?9 they bought seven acres north of New york ,¡Building decades," he said,."America and the world will wake h ment. Borsodi demurred. houses isiot a in an effort to eliminate inflation. Constant currency City. knowing the difference between ,,Government up to depleted resbu.rces, erosion and pollution!" _Hardly a ham- function of government,,, he offerõd. was integrated into the lnternational lnstitute of ln- mer, hoe and hatchet, Borsodi tore down an Jd ,h"d. is coercion; it gets its money by toxing; by com- The 1940's was idecáde of adversity for Borsodi. dependence, and Borsodi went abroad the thir:d time built a shelter for chickens and goats, remodeled a ' pulsion. We must ltmit government,to þrotection_not Financial difiðûlties made necessary transferring the to-introdùce the land trust and new currency to leaders cottage. Myrtle Mae revived her farm skills_her gar_ ask it to do our business,', Borsodi saíd. Suffern School of Living to;the Loomis Lane's End in England and lndia and to register the lndependence den was a triumph; she studied foods, body metabo- ' "To u.se government funds or find local money Homestead in Ohio, ln 1948 Myrtle Mae Borsodi died. lnstitute a3 a non-national, non-profit corporation in lism and health. "We're in.for a revolútion'in diet,', from voluntary sources" became an issue. Borsoäi , Ralph Borsodi was desolate, but not defeated. He es- Luxembourg. she announced in 1920.,,No more white bréad, white worked staunchly for.nôn-coercive a linotype the basement of Dogwoods Nearing 90, Ralph Borsodi has shaped the three flour and white sugar for us.,' suppgrl Local tablished in b,onds were issued and bought by busineis heads in homestead, and iet in lead type with his own hands, "" he set out to influence in his life time-a Commuting on the,train, at work or on the home- gorsodi the city. Problems here too. Bond-holders wanted to his experiments and conclusions on education. Daily land reform, a money reform, and a new adult educa- stead pondered theplace of a modern, welþ choose the homesteaders and direct the polícy of his ideas flowed into hot metal. Eventually it became tion. His work and goals are the core of the School of equipæd productive home in an industriati/"á the deve loping_com m un iry. Agai n Borsoà i rt i, dionuä'- 700 pages of Education and Living. Living for adults in Heathcote Center, Freeland, Md. 16 WtN wrN l7 IJJ ' 1. I Ad from epiit I I I , eo, lgzo NEw voRK TtMES. t computer, they ran million sible death of these men. Send letters -entry.s¡ty off 1.2 blanks with each student's name to Chuck Stotts,82093, Box 97, Mc- , , { l on no fewer than Alester, Oklahoma 745Oi, RflflM 40,000 blanks. Hand- or. write , wr¡tten entries numbered around 2.4 Larry Gara, 2"1 Faculty Place, Wilming- - - j - a AIR million, giving the 26 stu¿ãnli a ton, Ohio 45177 for a list of ãll the Þ probability prisoners : o a of winning half the prizes. in the holq' änd others whp .¡_The prizes includeive automobiles, should qet letters.. cflillllTl0llER$ a five-year of free groceries, Famous-brands room air conditioners. lupply foúr The Apri,l, 1975 issue of The Cstholic Í Top now suppties of gloceries,'and . quality. 50 cycle. Available lhlgITgnql'1,B50 Agitotor feafures the se-cend D4y of can' gift certificareslo overseas sovernment $5 McDónatds. Nonviolence in Los Angeles, where :åiltî"ll"t, McDonalds officials All for in car- who first con- Douglass spoke just beforr his ar- immediate exnort delivery , sidered cancelling Jim CHA load lots. All underlull maìufacturer's' the çon test, have now rest for probation violation, an arrest rvarrauty. decided to go ahead Offer valid until May 30, with it. However, whi ch happily did not result in any SPONTANEOUS DISRUPT ION 19?5, and will not be repeated. eaih on to neulrali ze the effect speàkers platform. Eagle. ln February, the Columbia dellve¡y. of the ballot- add itional prison time. The paper rd- HALTS MA,SS EC RALLY stlufing the conpany will have to have The union leader.ship, confronted Eogle steamed out of Long Beach Place your order now by calling prints Jim's talk as well as another on two drawings. Every time a Tens of thousands of workers poured by a membership which had no interest harbor and headed for Thailand with (2 12 ) 227 -3424 eollect.' student "Aggressive Reconciliation" by Ed utins a prize, the compan y into Washington DC the morning of in listening to Hubert Humphrey, de a cargo of napalm. will award Guinan. The Agitotor provides excel- the same prize tg a n on-student-or Saturday, April 26. The. IUD arrived clared the rally at an end. The union On March 14, Glatkowski and poc, at lent coverage of the Westloast re- California, to serve a ten-yeartbln- {east to a handwritriê n entry. first, picketing the White House about leadership blamed the disruption on another civilian crew member, Clycle sistance actions. ln good Catholic tence. A Glatkowski Defense Commit- I 1 now and "militants and crazies," but eye McKay, seized the Columbis Eagie.. -Straight Creek tradition, annual p' 1 am demanding "lobs !" wít tee has recently been formed, whose Worker the subscri iresses on Holding the captàin then-ioi¡ed the main line of the march the field said it seemed to be and chief mate at address is; c/o VVAW ANTIWAR SUIT tion rate is on tv 504.. Write Cothollc and moved a spontaneous action by the workers gurtpoint, Glatkowski arrd McKay IWSO,1421 IS.LOST 605 North which formed at the Capitol an- State Street, Santa Barbara, California Agitotor, Çumriings Street, the black with the "militants" climbing over nounced that they were,seizing iurV in Charlotte, ñC, found Los Angeles, California 90033. across town, largely through the 931 01 ; phone 805-963-9.1i9. I H.R. residential area, to JFK Stadium, where fences to get into the f¡eld only after it vessel becaqse the napalm was to be The movement l-tatd^epal.lnd eight orhers nor guilry for universàl and in a.gt-miilion ' Not all prison'äews is grirn. There are a heavily conservative group of was clear the crowd was supporting the used for an unlawful war. Ordering a unconditional civil suit of illegaìly amnesty demands that bar.ri many indicatì'ons that the hell of im-- speakers were to address the "Jobs For disruption. A poll taken of workers core of crew members to stay aboa"rd ng antiwar demonstratorifrom a all people who resisted the war in any Billy prisonment c¡innot crush the human All" rally. leaving the rally showed most of those they instructed the captiân to signal granted Graham Day rally attended bv way be amnesty. lt is a struggle President spirit and that even in prison, indi- The rally, originally organized bY leaving felt the disruption had been the to abandon ship. The lifeboats were Nixon in 1971. _News óesk to legitimize people's actions.against viduals find ways to develop and ex- District 37 of the American Federation only meaningful event of the day. lowered, and the Columbio Eogle re- the war. This includes Alvin Glatkowski. press their creative tàlents. ln March, of State, County, and Municipal Em- Outside, WRL and FOR members sumed at full speed. (Alvin PRISON NOTES Clatkowski,s address is iazz singer Flora Purim, who is serúing ployees, (New York), and by the United and others from the Mass Party, The mutineers then broadcast pleas ('W"; 10096-1"16,C-1, K-Unit, PO Lom- Eddie Sanchez, one of the courageous a stretch for possession of drugs, gavÊ Auto Workers of New had been Socialist Party,etc., had been for political asylum. Their message Jersey, leaf- poc,California93436.) resisters of the now defunct behavior a concert to prisoners and guests in effectively taken over by the lndustrial letting the crowd eventually got to Prince Norodom -NCUUA with material from modificatíon program called START, the prison at Terminal lsland, Califor- Union Department of the AFL-ClO, the on the Economic Sihanouk, who was then chief of state Coàlition Crisis. still faces trial on four countg of as-- nia, the first time a prisoner in the and the demands, which had originally' Everf radical group in in Cambodia. Sihanouk relayed his TOO BAD! the country sault with a deadly weapon against federal system has given a public per- included an end of all military aid to was-or seemed to be--on hand affirmation that they were welcome with "lt's a shatne. That whole parLof the prison offici als, and one count of assault formance. Another bit of evidence is South Vietnam, had been toned down. material. As we moved along in Cambodia. q. with the world (Southeast Asia) looked lïke ¡t with intent to rnurder an inmate, provided by the current art exhibit.in Liberal trade union speakers had line of márch, under the CONEC En route to Sihanoukville (Kom- Ð ban. was going to be the world 's next oii charges which could add four life sen- the Metropolitan Museum of Art in been replaced by conservatives and one ner a¡d with Charley King playing his pong Som), they spotted ship.s foJlow- tences plus 20 years his current sen- province."' to New York. Entitled "Caþti.vrc " all ,of the featurèd speakers was Hubert guitar, ít seemed ing them and were approached several .AÍ, 4s if every radical This choice quote on the Vietnam tence. The trial stems from a frame-up, the works are by men and women Humphrey. George Meany, confronted group in the country was out push times by a US reconnaissance plane. .11 probably to war is from Corbett Alle n, vtce prest- and is a reprisal for continued awaiting trial in various by tank and file militancy, and rêalizing threatened to blow up its own line, far more interested in The mutineers Co., unti political action and súccoss in opposing prisons. Finally, play head the rally, moved dent of Global Marine which there was the at he could not off , ripping off a possible recruit herä or the Cotumb¡a Eagle and this persuaded START. Eddie's plight is particularly r'escorts" April 15 operated a drillíng rig for Massachusetts Correctional lnstitute at ' to coopt it through IUD'sponsorship. ' there their to turn away. grim. than in building a serious coali- Mobil Oil Corp'oration offshore from Now 26, he has'been in fail or lrJorfolk, co-directed by prisoner Mark (Meany himself refused to speak at the to relate Soon after Glatkowski, McKay and prison years tion to labor. lt was like South Vietnam. Mobil Oil Corporation since he was ten old. He Frechette of Zobriski Point fame. The rally or to endorse it.) watching a massive and the Eogle arrived in Cambodia, the recently living creature is one of the dozén or so oil compaines wrote: "lt has been very. hard play,'Stars and StrÌpes, was u ¿ru¡¿¡iJ t:: More than 30,000 workers, a great flowing down Sihanou k government was overthrown ; i the street, being nipped (mostly American) which since the not to lose hope. And to tell you the zation of part of the Nixon White many of them blacks, had taken buses on the flanks.by piranas. in a CIA-directed coup, and eventually just summer of 1973 have paid Thieu's gov- truth, I've about lost hope of being House tapès, a production which must and trains from New York and were ln all, the day was a triumph for: replaced with tfe proUS Lon Nol - legally set Edd real hope ernment a total of $100 million for free." ie's only have given peculiar satisfaction to joined in DC by thousands of other labor, not for the regime. As a result, exiles such as rests publicity if bureaucracy. lt drilling rights in the South China Sea' on and support. ln those acting in it. One may hope that workers. The total that gathered in was a peaceful, geod-natured assembly. Glatkôwski and McKaY riere Placed March, Laurence Otheri inðlude Exxon, Shell, Cíties Holmes, a civil the various governmeht officials,rùho Washington was certainly close to But if the jobs are not forthcoming under house árrest. Their attempts to lawyer from Kansás, Service, Sun and Marathon. Wichita, viewÞd it.also..enjoyed themselües.. 50,000, though the number that the gentle chaos in the FK stadium renouncè their citizenship and seek entered providing J The ouote was oart of a storY in the his case, sympathetic finally entered J FK Stadium for the may well turn ugly. Despite all the passage to anothercountry were denied. legal aid Remember how Gene Debs ran fordhe liloshingion Post April25 headed "Oil for the first time. The need less than 30 o00. Half way During the next year, several escape presidency from Atlanta prison in rally was ^+orts by Meany's meh to keep the lnvestments." for funds is obvious. Foi more informa- program dis' Firms Ãbandon Vietnam 1920? Kriss Worth through the spontaneous stogahs only to the question of jobs, attempts were made, with McKay, and Pebk tion or to make a contribution contact: ington,.a Wílming- ruption began, starting with a single hundreds of the signs-many them an Army deserter finally getting away. -fim Committde ton College student, almost duplicatêd 9f ,BIG to Free Eddie Sanchez, man who rushed out on the field wav- officially issued by participâting Glatkowski's unsuccessful escape at- STUDENTS OUTWIT' MAG" 912E,3157 Street, Kansas City, Mis- Debs' effort. Kriss was one of 62 ing his union banner. The police, heav- unions-stressed the demand for mas tempts left him in poor health, and souri 641 09. people arrested in the March 1 demon- Twenty.six students at Caltech in Los ily booed by the audience, got him off sive cuts in the military budget.' finally, almost ayear after the hijack- stration at the White House. J ust be- Extreme the field only to find.a woman had McReynolds ing, he found himself on a plane with Angeles stand aboÛt a one-in-two repression is coming down on fore he left for his trial in Wa5hington, -David of the pr¡zès lumped in and was runníng around with federal offcers headed for the United chance of winning most all Political activists in the prison at ' Kriss ran as a last-minute, write-in spon' her sign. By the tim€ the police got her SHOULD HE GET TEN States. in a massíve giveaway contest McAlester, Oklahomã. ln March the candidate for president of the college under control, dozens and then hun' YEARS FOR SAVING Back in the US he pleaded guilty to sored by the'McDonalds hamburger prison re-opened an old, rat-infested student government. When he called dreds of workers, some of them waving KIDS FROM NAPALM? two charges at the urging of his attor- chain. dun$eon and filled it to capacity with from Washington he fouhd r,ut that he of a the placards of the rank and file br' ney, who encouraged him to plea bar- The students took advantage 1 2 prisoners. three whites, three native had won the election. At ti' trial Kriss rules that did ganizations, had crowded onto the ln 1970, Avlin Glatkowski was a civil- gain. Glatkowski was thçn sent to the loopholb in the contest Americans, ánd six blacks. Letters of defended himself. The resi¡i ,vas a blanks had to support field, and eventually mounted the ian crew member on the SS Columbta Federal Correctional lnstitute in Lom- not specify that ill entry are urg¡ently needed to-prevent hung iury, with the poísil-,!liiy of a with a univer' further be handwritte n. Armed deh umanization and even pos- new trial in June. --Larry Gara l8 w N WIN 19 q { o - DearAme vrc by Karl Hess I IS ADDRESSED TO ORDINARY AMERICANS \ryHO ' ARE FED UP WITH BIG SHOTS AND BIG NOWHERE AT HOME-LETTERS advocated and carried out any policy that mainrained rheir BOSSES AND TI{E BIG DISASTERS OF FROM EXILE OF control or popularity. Berkman and Goldman kept the faith. AND Like their contemporaries, the old time jazz-blues men BIG GOVERNMENT AND WHO \ryANT TO Edited by Richard and Anna Maria Drinnon | 320 pp. I and women, they were p-l1V!ng a song mo,st people didn't MOVE ON TO SOMFTHING THAT IS index / iÍlus. / notes I g'l2.g5 want to hear. But that didn't keep them from continuing ' their labors, or lose faith in the eventual emancipation oÍ DIFFERENT FROM.BOTH STATE Emma Goldman didn't sing, and Alexander Berkman wasn't r"nti"¿ frám tyiann¡ : too holon keyboards or alto sax. But,they both knew the ln their ioint'letter'to their comrades in the USA on the CAPITALISM AND . ,;W" * blues. They were kicked out of the USA in 1919 after go- eve of their drportution thåy wrote, ão noi [now-where PASSIONATE ri IT IS A BOOK, SIMPLY t ,t *t ing to^iail in 1917 for opposing World War l. About the same the forceq of reaction will land us. But wherever we shall be, t time, New Orleans outlawed liquor, closed dgwn its i t t, honky our work will go on until our last breath. fvf.V Vor, toq \ryRITTEN, DEEPLY FELT, INFORMED f ; tl tonks banned t * It a¡d most.ótree_t music. Jazz and jazzman tinue your effõrts. Thrse arc tr/ing Uui ;;",í,rifrl iiñ;. "on- I tl BY PERSONAL EXPERIENCE BUT t I tl began moving up the Mississippi in search of a market. Clear ñeads and brave hearts wére never more needed. There Berkman and Goldman went to Red Russia, and anarchism is great work to do. May each one of you give the beit that TRANSCENDENT OF ANY SINGLE as a leading force in American died. is in him to the great stiuggle, the last strugg-le úetween The Red Scare curtailed radical activity and the Bol-.,_ liberty and bondTage, betviãen Well-being aild povêrty, be- PERSONAL VISION. IT IS A TOOL FOR shevik success in Russia converted most activists in the US tween beauty and ugliness. ,,Be TRUE SELF-IMPROVEMENT; FULL OF and the rest of the world to Marxist-Leninism. of goód cheei, beloved comrades. Our enemíes are Goldman and Berkm-an-ho-wever, left the'socialist para- fightingalosing battíe. They are the dyingpast. W. ur. tf,t OPTIMISM, ENCOURAGEMENT, AND. dise" in December of 1921 after Lenin arid Trotsky mas- glowing future]" -David White sacred the Kronstadt sailors and workers, and that's when COMMON SENSE. their blups and this book really begin. BLow FoR BLow These letters Distributed bv Red Ball Films rpun of both activists Karl Hess is an anarchist, aJiúertarian of the left, a tax European exile. The letters,"oãúiif¿.;;i;;rr personal . ,, very literature, exhort, The issues of women's liberation and labor's rights are ' resister with a 100% government lien on any wages he mighü * scold, comf_ort, complain, and gossip. Great events joined I 'à and per- beautifully in the French film Blow for-Blow which earn, a profes¡ional welcler who lives by barter and a man with sonalities-of the day space. pleas share with for money, food, opened as a bene,fit for the New York Coalition for ln errur- a great deal to say about this country. and. help for i-mprisoned ¡ comrades. tional Women,s Day and showed sporadically at the Fîrst In Dear Ameríca Hess discusses his life, especially his Karl Hes Hounded from country to country, \ by denied premanent Avenue Scieening Room and Bleeäker Street Cinema, development from right to left. He prciTides a,new prof'rle of residence.permits or a passport, Berkman ,,beautifülly wrote his What is t say ¡oihed,'because the pitfall of making Goldwater, probing the contradiction between GoldwateCs Communist Anorchism and edited the of "Bulletin the the villains all males is studiously avoided. fhough iLitf,r- conservative ethic and his advocacy of. "a s1¡6nt national- Relief Fund of the lnternational $7'sl :' Working Men's Association." workers at the ladies garment faôtory ur" wom.ñ, the ruth- security state." Emma Goldman wrote her two volumi autob¡ography- . i.s rrpervisor leadinf the sleedup ií also a womán-other But Dear America is more than an autobiography. It is a Living My Life and My Disrllusionment in Russia, Amid sick- membärs of the supelvisory force are men. When a team of message based on practical experience that prescribes some possibilities of snstaining a produptive. technotogy in'iê.i ness and personal. tragedy activists living apart, {otl.r wrote typical union bur.eäu iry to get the striking *ò¡¡àn to radical remedies for many of our social and personal ills. He decentratizecl society through thecentering of"ownership" ahd ' each other several times a "rats úeek. vacate and charge that the siïdow"n is fomentá¿"U i;;^g,tu- presents his ideas on the decentralization of government and government in lcrcal communities which, in turn, can federate letters gíve a perspective on how and why they-pub- .. .Tl. tors,', the team-consists of a man ond awoman And,înally," business by gfving power back to the people, He highlights the with others, anywhere, to accomplish mutually beneficial wor[. lished these works. Each succeeding letter is a piece of the when workers in neighboring plants walk out in sympathy puzzle of their lives. A love affair gone sour, comments on and march in the strõets, it'iwomen and men togäth'"r. the anarchist movement, or the growth of fasc,ism, it all gives At the start, as the cámera sweeps across the äws of substance of what was until the publication of this book on- women sweating it out at their sewing machines, they seem lv *etchy. coniecture of their last years. a stultified masiof humanity. Their glowing disóontént over Through the letters to each other and other cbmradês we oppressive working conditions is clirñaxed ty the unjust fìr- share their agony of a revolution betrayed. ing of two workerl which prompts their deiision to'sit-in. While "progressives" hailed Stalin as the sàvior of the ln the course of eating, sleeping, standíng watch and, in working class, and defended the purges and prison camps as some instances, taking'care of lhe kids, whom their hus- necessary for the'defense of the "revolution," Berkman and bands bring to the plant ds a consequence of their own in- Goldman denounced dictatorship, left or ríght. But it was eptness, the women get to know themselves and each other just so much pissing into the wind. The woikers they for the first time and they emerge as the diverse individuals propaga¡dized followed their socialist and communist whom they are. leaders in submitting to Mussolini's corporate state, Roose- The excellently cast nonprofessional actors are obviously velt's New Deal, and Hitlers Volksgemeinschaft. turned on by their own enthusiasm. The film, shot in color This left them vocalists for a small band of unorganized around the city of Rouen, is the collectiúe effort of 100 un- international freedom-loving revolutionaries. The integrity employed workers and a crew of film-makers. For those in- and purity of their convictions is their legacy to us. While tèrested in booking it, the US distributor is Red Ball Films, opportunists stole the "revolutionary" stage world wide and PO Box 298, New York, NY 10014. -Jim Peck

20 WIN wtN 21 ,. For. Progress¡ve pot¡ilcs and Progress¡ve Women's 5er¡als, Hea¡th. and Law mlcro. Reilgron, senO Sr^dã ior ¡¡Chr¡st¡an¡ty Re- f¡lms-hAve your l¡þrary order: Women's Hls- Rosearch Center, 2325 c|ãk St., g .,ï' tory Fji,i :ïs ; : i ; ll; t :ll"i:';;i s Berketey, CA 947O8. WOMEN'S AND OTHER POLITICAL REC. UNI VERSAL HANGLTOER CATALOcUE, oRD5. willie Tyson, Meg chr¡stian, Laven- ¡ 186o-wN, santa Monica, cA der Jane, Red Star S¡ngers, others. SASE for ffitrtü0 ,i'rliìfi I , 3å;%T.".- Ist. We're an anti-profit, collect¡vety.rJn store. BREAO ANO ROSES COMMUNITY New ffee catalog the JohnT. Flynn of 90 audlotapes of MUSIC CENTER, 1724 20th Street, NW, DuPont Circle, Columbia (DC) 20009.

I fÂksü'." i !' /'*-. I,relæc þ D X+ Rå Bî U'sã,i 8",' IÄ'Åt?: 5î"1 RquH R¡læh I Maryland Ave., Batt¡móre, MO 2!218. NONCOMPETITIVE GAMES foÉçhitdren ¡ 0 and adults, Play together not agajnst each . _Abitrng Annou¡cing the CATA- I lrdrctnìcnt f¡rst cOODBOOX other, Free catalog; Family Pastimes, LOG. Gandhi's works. Mother Jones, the Boissevain, Man¡toba, canada ROK0E0. of tþ_øming Free no $$ involved Songbook, ot (kfiFstlc if tWW Vesqie Cookbooks, Barbarâ and under 20 words. Dane and The Red much fascLsm g2 lO 5[ar s¡naers-plus in Amric¡ Otherwise every words. .more. all ln the first cataioo-from Gooctboox OPPORTUNITIES Yours ¡ & Such. free from: ÉO Box 437, Bos- il: ton, MA 02102. BUSINESS HEAD needed at WlN. Prefer someonè with publishlng þðckgrounC and/ /r'{/a/}4, t,i Free catalogue of Soviet clandestine litera- or movement fund rais¡ng experience. Crazy ' ei": pAclllsm, PUBLICATIONS ,,IJ ture on socialism. surtealism, etc. hours and low pay but many ¡ntangiblè re. 9)&/t^a ., DEFENSE BOOKSTöRE. Box 8232. wards. you lnteresteg;'tell us some- Lar-e1.1.1.a- i, Po lf are a?¡ WOODS, RoCKS, STREAMS-wh"r",Joo. Ch¡cago, ltl. 6068O. th¡ng about yourself. WlN, Box 547, Riftonl how to gó. our guldes and maps wiil neio- ' NY 12471. plan your next trip, whether backp¿ç¡¡¡q- (OlltflMs cllmþing, canoelng or walking. Trails anct-' NEW PALTZ.KINGSTON AREA WIN E0N0Rûil$ streams of Hudson Bay ANARCHISM READERS¡ jobs in the East.from to WIN has.al.l sorts of ideal Workers' Seit:Management lhe Spanish the Everglades. W€stern and foreign óuides. The largest and inost complete selec-, for volunteers (stufflirg envelopes, proof- Revolution 1936 - 1939 om$[ilmoEüEmüE naturalists'9uldes, wlld food trail guldes, @ tion of anarchist books availablE any- reading, etc,). lf you have some extra tlme now-to-books. send want qive Sar,n Dolgoff . lntroduction by Murray by Albert Jay Nock. lntroduðtion and bibtio. by For catalog $Q.!5 16 where. lncludes individualisl, communalist, syn- and to héIp a cail-339.4585- Ediled by TRAILS, Box 94, Collegevllle, PA 19426. and come on over. lntangl6iê benef¡ts pro- Walter pages. l d¡calist, mutualist and . Open Boqkchin. 231 pages, illustrated. paper, Grinder. 143 $2.95 paperback. yidecl. $3.45 daily noon-7 p.m., or wiite lo¡ a frg€ catalog. "ln some ways, Nock reminds me of paul VEGETARTAN TIMES is a ma.gaz¡ne for $10.00 hardcover. Laissez Faire Books, Dept. W2, 206'M€rc€r Sl., Goodman. nonviolent eaters, Subscrlptions $3/6 issues, "The reports They were both anarchists who NewYork, N.Y. 1iþ12. Tol: (212)674-8154. GODOARD/CAMBR I DGE G RADUATE eyewitness and commentary V€g_etarian T¡mes, PO Box A3l04, Ch¡cago, PRO.GRAM identified their qnarchism with old{ashioned ilt. 60690- IN SocIAL CHANGE. An ac. presented in this highly important study reveal credited MA program of Goddard Coilege, as it was conservatism. Both bêlieved that America had accepting students for 1975.76. project [that] . . . libertarian communism ENERGY: A T|ME TO CHOOSE. . . One of PRODUCTS been better off under the Articles of Confedera- the most publlcations areas include Amerlcan social and culiurat realized during the Spanish revolution, was compreh€nslve ava¡F issües; F€minist tion than under able on energy r€sources for the future. studies, US tmperiailsm at the of and peasants. the central government estab- CALDER AMNESTY POSTER. 4-cotor, home and abroad. Cataloque truly creation workers S1,25. Communlty Ecotogy Center, 15 ava¡lable. S UÞ- lished by the Constitution."-Henry Bass orlginal, $6.0O donatlon, Safe Return, 175 tand Rd., cambr¡dge, MA 02140. ret.'6ú-' Varied, complex, often inspiring, the achieve- West , "Nowhere Anapamu, Santa Barbara, CA 93lOl. Fifth Ave., NY, NY 1OO1O. 492-0700. ment of the people of Spain is unique in the can the reader find a clearer or more forceful portrayal history of twentieth century revolution. " of the libertarian'posi- tion than in this book. " . Chomsky -Prof MUïUAL by Petr Kropotkin -Noaml'Presents " AID Extcndíng Ho¡izons Boo&r a feast of historical experience. GI Cl-assfc anarchÍst'"answer to the q Bookchin shällcontinue trsurvlval -Murray BAKUNIN QUOTE POSTEß tobean misuse of the theory of P orter \or gent P ublíshe¡s Beautifully printed in brown impossible of th'e ffttest,tt Presents the pro- ,lstIHf and blue on heavy coated slonsas.person gressive el-ements of e;¡rolution, eo- Order Fron: by John T. Flynn. Preface by Ronald Radosh. pggJer p?Pgl. Full size- 290 pages. $3.45 paper. . those üho operatlon, and support withín the Porter Sargent Publisher 18" x22" .Makes a nice gi no\M "John T. Flynn's book remains one of the are specLes, the $2 for one, or $3 for two. as actual and evolu- Dept. l{ best and most readable popular analyses [of tlonary basis for sociaL growth. 11 Beacon St., Boston, I'fA 02198 fascisml"-Prof . Arthur Ekirch, Jr. tt,..in the ethícal progress of mdn, Please indicate quantity on line preceding t¡tle. "{ very strong case" Thomas Where cloth and paper available,.circle which. This book is about fascism-Norman in America. Flynn rrutual support - noï ,rí*uol, sîrug- paper finds the real core of fascism in the authoritari- gLe - Vns had the Leadíng part. cloth " Definition of an state, government spending, militarism and Definition 94.00 $2.00 -EæeenPt Mutuat Aid imperialism. Written in the'1940's, it is perhaps ORDER FORM $b.m $3.00 $3.e5 even more relevant to understanding the cor- TüIAT IS TO BE INIDONE porate state of today. Please send the following books: ( Check enclosed (Mass N OUR ENEMY THE STATE, $2.95 Pb A Modern Revolutionary Disòussion ) rêsidentp a{.d 3Zo Sales Tax.} TEE:Iltf,tûnfil ! ASWE GO MARCHING, $3.a5 pb of Cl-assical Left ldeologie's nÉ\rotlruurú ! THE ANARCHISTCOLLECTIVES; $3.45 pb, $10 hd by Mlchael- Albert Ship to: Oy Vótine. lntroduction by . n THE UNKNOWN REVOLUTION, $5.95 pb, $15 hd. tt. ..presewes the príme 717 pages with over 30 pages of illustrations, n POSTER: Bakunin Quote, $2, or $3 for two theoretieaL paper, hardcover. * aceonrpl¿slt¡nent of the $5.95 $1 5.00 Pl""." add 25ó postage per order------1960ts: it ís "Should be read by every person interested NYS residents please add sales tax qn open-ended, open-m¿nded book in the Russian Revolution and the anarchist Total amount enclosed_ that ualues spontar¿e¿tA and. . Paul Avrich free- movement." Send your order with payment to: FREE LIFE '' zip ...... -Prof dom...tt Terry M. perlin, I^IIN : This history of the Russian revolutionary move- EDITIONS, 41 Union Square; New York, N.Y. 10003. ment includes many intriguing eyewitness Date . . Name accounts of popular, libertarian movements TIIE DEFINITION OF DEFINITION Signed . - from the Makhnovists of the Ukraine to the Red St by Ralph Borsodf sailors of Kronstadt, and how the Bolsheviks A uniquel_y rational approacti the All orders must be prepaid. porter publisher suppressed these movements. City, to Sargent will lntegration of knowl-edge. pay handling and shipping fourth class.

I

22 w¡N 20 !\ wrN 23 Wootr{ìan H¡ll is tooking for a farmer/woodS- persor and å kitchen coofdinator. For de- ta¡ls of us send deta¡ls of yourself to Wool_ man Hiil, Deerf¡etd, Mass. 01342.

New Midwest research institutê seeks un-.. sel fish, soc ia I I y-c onsc ious, non_ Ml-ll? MOVEMENT eionomists,""i"ài¡sì,' poriticar Here we go again. . sctenÍsrs, etc. MusT be ab¡e to get.grants or raise funds. Semi-schol¿¡ily stùo¡ei on A Iì'IN E AND CHEESÉ war-peace reconversion, etc. READ Gross PARTY and Osterman .,The New professionals'; pp. AT THE. HIGH TOR VIÑEYAR,DS! 33-77- S¡u¿5 Terket .,Work¡n g,; pp. 525- 527, 5.37-540, Don B¡ggs ..erèaiiirg Out.,' Last J une we had a blast, in September we had a ball so Midwest lnst¡tute, t206 N 6th St., 43ZOl. *o,r. Oo,ñ¡ ,, ': aga¡n.- EVENTS Sample the splendid wines of High Tor and taste chcese of fve na- i: - tions. Tour thc winery and vineyards with the winemaker tr¡mælf. Nonv.iotent train¡ng weekenq ¡n Cí¡cago¡ Father Tom Haycs m¡d.June. write: NoNVtolEr.¡r ceruîÉn. Çnio,y the majestic beauty of High Tor Mouníain l '' Room 510, S42 s, Dearborn, Cn¡cãõo.'lil, overlooking the lordly.Hudson. (Nerr New City in Èockland County) 60605 l, or catl 922-8234. And this time we will haræ entertainment piovided by folksinger'' lr Susan Reed! L ANARcHIsT LECTURE SER IES: ..SemirogicarM¡chaï¡i bett€'i way to meet fval gno Robert Bass, nnà{_ ....What other congenial WIN readers and.support srs 01 everyday Life." Frèespace Alternâté WIN at the same timc. ': . U, 339 Lafayette, NyC., May 23, pm. 1 I grâ . f !þ all happenlng on Mry 3l; from 2 ¡o 4 pm. Admission is $6 ii ThE BLACK ROSE LECTURE SERIES which should.bc æntdirectly to wlN. Attendance t is limited so make 1975t 5/23, Sytv¡a K¿shdan,,,.Culture and your res€rvatiom early. Revolt," MtT, Btdg. 9, Room r¡O, b pfn,- Find out for yoursclf l cambridge, Mass. . why High Tor wines are qmong the most prized wines q.. of New York State. : For informät¡on on the New Hampshire l World Fellówsh¡p Center Summer-season I Box 156, Kerhonkson, Ny ll -S-eln-i!ar!: 12446'- (914-626-7974¡ or ionway, f.¡H bSef wtN Box 547 Rifton, ii (603-447-22A0). - B- Ñ / / NY 1247t MNS/Life Center is offering a comprehenslve NYC S IMPLE Lt VtNc-nonv¡olent, egail- Can you use my books and måga¿lnes? I'm and intens¡ve 2 week tra¡nln9 tarian, i workshop fbr social change conimunity seékiaodi: golng abroad. Jack Lelss, 6OS ñ. paca dt., nonv¡olence organ¡zers, May Z3-Juhe 6. tional activists, ctuster, c/o xenor¡ct<, t+¿_å¿ Ealtimor€, Md. 2lAOt. I 48l I Springf¡etd Ave., Ch¡ta., Village Road, Jâmaica, Ny f },a.fen.lÊrn¡n-S1 (Phone l43S. 215-SA4-lB5B). . ARTHUR EVERETT JOHNSON! FEMINISTS (female The US and matel, ovctacto. has dropped áll charges agalnst you and re- vegetarians, seek same to live collecfively ln called the warrant pleåsê :; HELPI for your arrest. Centra I No c¡9arett6s, dru gs, a lcõhot, contact your parents. t please. cail^Jersey. 2ot-249-767 VOLUNTE.ERs NEEDED for work on IndG, L. It china, B-l Boilber and amnesty. cnicàgo -- I residents onty. For info cäil SZ2-g.2gq ãurlng MISC. days. .'t t i STILL AVAILABLE FROM WIN! ANTI-WA R I AfNTHOLOcy. Wanted poems, Wofker for nonvlolent sociat change ¡valþ è songs, consclentious objector statem¿nts. able this summer in exchange for room, The Men's lssue, 4/1 1174. Already x I Ptease send to Mark Kramrisch, I 55 CamOer_ board. susan sm ith, coop-Þomonã ôoit"g", basic text of the Men's Libërätion well Church Streel, London SE5, Claremont, l Catif. 9l7l l. Movement. .s0d t Up Against the Nukes, 6129174. How

f to organize your community against dangerous nuclear power plants, with li I stories about those who have. . . . .,. fr Etelotc/ !a m1 Money-Behind the Green Door, r 'their12|19174. How Radicals relate to Ëubgerï mone14. Also Philip Berrigàñ on I ¡lion lr çn^¡¡ Political Prisoners and Tuli Kupfer- ill tl +ll- 4¡"^ berg's Worst of Everything. . . . . t' I, How We Càús World Hunger, 1110175. 1' f b- å tvto6. I E Sor Plus The Strange Case of Martin Sostre, r and an lnterview with Lanza del rlt - Vasto. l, 5nq o*¿ v cãrlr'lbu*ron f; Women, 1975,2120175. With Andrea wìhr Dworkin, Ruth Dear, I P\ü .- Karlalay, I ¡hme Borman..,.. Ì Other terrific back issues are l: 4lso still ri F{iL¡}r,¿Írr available. "197 4 and 1 975 issues for I î,1.,t*Frr¡,1;''* 50( eash, orders of 15 t, or more2id ll i lr'')rlåil.jTirt,'' each. 1973 issues are 91.00 each. ir 1972 and earlier $2.00 each (except i ,,,, 1,4 r *6 the Media Papers, still $1.50). I ¡i fVlN / Box 547 lRifton,NY 12471 I tilÑ Melqz'lrnø/9o*6+-t KSlan/ñJ I I nrr¡ I ,, i

I

I