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Die Aqidah Der Vier Imame

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Die Aqidah Der Vier Imame Die ’Aqida der vier Imame Imam Abu Hanifa an-Nu’man Ibn Thabit (gest. 150 n. H.) Imam Malik Ibn Anas (gest. 179 n. H.) Imam Muhammad Ibn Idris asch-Schafi’i (gest. 204 n. H.) Imam Ahmad Ibn Hanbal (gest. 241 n. H.) Von Muhammad Ibn Abdu r-Rahman al-Chumayyis © salaf.de, 2004. Alle Rechte vorbehalten. Kein Teil dieses Buches darf ohne eine schriftliche Genehmigung verändert, reproduziert, gedruckt oder vervielfältigt werden. Die freie Verteilung über elektronische Medien in unveränderter Form und der Druck für den privaten Gebrauch sind gewährt. Besuchen Sie uns im Internet: www.salaf.de Übersetzt aus dem Englischen von: Azad Ibn Muhammad al-Kurdy und Abu Imran Die Qualität der Übersetzung variiert entsprechend der Vorlage. Fehler sind daher nicht ausgeschlossen im Vergleich zum Original, falls die Übersetzung einer Übersetzung verwendet wurde! Haftungsauschluss: Salaf.de hat sich selbst verpflichtet, authentisches Wissen über den Islam zu publizieren. Hierbei ist es unumgänglich über gewisse Praktiken eines islamischen Staates mit islamischer Gesetzgebung zu sprechen, die im Widerspruch zur hiesigen Ordnung stehen. Die Darstellung solcher Inhalte ist keinesfalls als Aufruf zur Umsetzung, sondern nur als Aufklärung über die islamische Sichtweise zu verstehen. Inhalt EINLEITUNG DES AUTORS ....................................................................................................................... 4 ERSTER TEIL................................................................................................................................................ 6 VORAUSSETZUNGEN ZUM VERSTÄNDNIS DER RICHTIGEN ‘AQIDA ............................................. 6 (1) DIE KRITIK AM VERSTAND ................................................................................................................... 6 (2) DIE HALTUNG DER SALAF ZU KALAM (RHETORIK; PHILOSOPHIE) UND ARGUMENTATION ....................... 7 (3) DER WEG DER SALAF IST DIE BESTE METHODOLOGIE UND DER MITTLERE WEG...................................... 8 (4) DEM WEG DER SALAF ZU WIDERSPRECHEN IST FEHLLEITUNG ................................................................ 9 (5) DAS VERBOT DES GEBRAUCHS VON BEZEICHNUNGEN IN ANGELEGENHEITEN DER ‘AQIDA, DIE NICHT AUS QUR’AN ODER SUNNA STAMMEN ........................................................................................................ 10 ZWEITER TEIL ........................................................................................................................................... 12 DIE ‘AQIDA DER VIER IMAME IST IN BEREICHEN DES USULU D-DIN MIT DER AUSNAHME VON AL-IMAN GLEICH ............................................................................................................................ 12 DRITTER TEIL ........................................................................................................................................... 15 DIE ‘AQIDA VON IMAM ABU HANIFA ................................................................................................... 15 (1) SEINE AUSSAGEN ÜBER TAUHID ......................................................................................................... 15 (2) SEINE AUSSAGEN ÜBER AL-QADR ....................................................................................................... 21 (3) SEINE AUSSAGEN ÜBER AL-IMAN ....................................................................................................... 24 (4) SEINE AUSSAGEN ÜBER DIE GEFÄHRTEN ............................................................................................. 24 (5) SEIN VERBOT DES KALAM UND VON STREITDISKUSSIONEN IN DER RELIGION ...................................... 25 VIERTER TEIL ........................................................................................................................................... 28 DIE ‘AQIDA VON IMAM MALIK IBN ANAS .......................................................................................... 28 (1) SEINE AUSSAGEN ÜBER TAUHID ......................................................................................................... 28 (2) SEINE AUSSAGEN ÜBER AL-QADAR .................................................................................................... 33 (3) SEINE AUSSAGEN ÜBER AL-IMAN ....................................................................................................... 34 (4) SEINE AUSSAGEN ÜBER DIE GEFÄHRTEN ............................................................................................. 35 (5) SEIN VERBOT DES KALAM UND VON STREITDISKUSSIONEN IN DER RELIGION ...................................... 37 FÜNFTER TEIL ........................................................................................................................................... 42 DIE ‘AQIDA VON IMAM ASCH-SCHAFI’I .............................................................................................. 42 (1) SEINE AUSSAGEN ÜBER TAUHID ......................................................................................................... 42 (2) SEINE AUSSAGEN ÜBER AL-QADAR .................................................................................................... 49 (3) SEINE AUSSAGEN ÜBER AL-IMAN ....................................................................................................... 52 (4) SEINE AUSSAGEN ÜBER DIE GEFÄHRTEN ............................................................................................. 58 (5) SEIN VERBOT DES KALAM UND VON STREITDISKUSSIONEN IN DER RELIGION ...................................... 61 SECHSTER TEIL......................................................................................................................................... 63 DIE ’AQIDA VON IMAM AHMAD IBN HANBAL ................................................................................... 63 (1) SEINE AUSSAGEN ÜBER TAUHID ......................................................................................................... 63 (2) SEINE AUSSAGEN ÜBER AL-QADAR .................................................................................................... 68 (3) SEINE AUSSAGEN ÜBER AL-IMAN ....................................................................................................... 69 (4) SEINE AUSSAGEN ÜBER DIE GEFÄHRTEN ............................................................................................. 70 (5) SEIN VERBOT DES KALAM UND VON STREITDISKUSSIONEN IN DER RELIGION ....................................... 71 SIEBTER TEIL ............................................................................................................................................ 73 DIE BIOGRAPHIEN DER VIER IMAME ................................................................................................. 73 (1) IMAM ABU HANIFA ............................................................................................................................ 73 (2) IMAM MALIK IBN ANAS ..................................................................................................................... 77 (3) IMAM ASCH-SCHAFI’I ......................................................................................................................... 82 (4) IMAM AHMAD IBN HANBAL ............................................................................................................... 87 Einleitung des Autors Alles Lob gebührt wahrlich Allah. Wir preisen Ihn, ersuchen Seine Hilfe, Seine Rechtleitung und Vergebung. Wir suchen Zuflucht bei Allah vor dem Übel unserer selbst und unserer bösen Taten. Wen Allah recht leitet, der kann nicht irregeführt werden, und wen Allah irregehen lässt, der kann nicht rechtgeleitet werden. Ich bezeuge, dass es keinen anbetungswürdigen Gott außer Allah gibt: Er ist einzig und ohne Partner. Und ich bezeuge, dass Muhammad sein Diener und Gesandter ist. „O ihr, die ihr glaubt, fürchtet Allah in geziemender Furcht und sterbt nicht anders denn als Muslime.“ (ali-’Imran/3:102) O ihr Menschen, fürchtet euren Herrn, Der euch erschaffen hat aus einem einzigen Wesen; und aus ihm erschuf Er seine Gattin, und aus den beiden ließ Er viele Männer und Frauen entstehen. Und fürchtet Allah, in Dessen Namen ihr einander bittet, sowie (im Namen eurer) Blutsverwandtschaft. Wahrlich, Allah wacht über euch. (an-Nisa’/4:1) „O ihr, die ihr glaubt! Fürchtet Allah und sprecht aufrichtige Worte, auf dass Er eure Taten segensreich fördere und euch eure Sünden vergebe. Und wer Allah und Seinem Gesandten gehorcht, der hat gewiss einen gewaltigen Gewinn erlangt.“ (al-Ahzab/33:70- 71) Um Fortzufahren: Als ich mit einer ausführlichen Recherche, um eine Doktorarbeit in Usulu d-Din (Grundlagen der Religion) gemäß Abu Hanifa - Allahs Barmherzigkeit auf ihm - zu verwirklichen, begann, habe ich schließlich in meiner kurzen Zusammen- fassung auch die ’Aqida der drei Imame – Malik, asch-Schafi’i und Ahmad – mit eingebunden. Daher haben mich einige tugendhafte Leute darum gebeten, der ’Aqida der drei (anderen) Imame Aufmerksamkeit zu schenken, um damit die ’Aqida aller vier Imame zu vervollständigen. Ich dachte, dass ich diese Empfehlung hinsichtlich der Einleitung meiner Forschungsarbeit umsetzen sollte. Daher ergänzte ich, was ich bereits von der ’Aqida des Imam Abu Hanifa über Tauhid (Einheit und Einzigkeit Allahs), Qadar (göttliche Bestimmung), Iman (wahrer Glaube), die Sahaba (Gefährten des Propheten) und seiner Haltung über Ilmu l-Kalam (theologische Rhetorik; Philosophie) darlegte. Und ich bitte Allah, diese Arbeit
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