DOCSLIB.ORG

Yasin T. Al-Jibouri آ مﮭﻟﻟا نﯾﺳﺣﻟا ﺔﻋﺎﻔﺷ ﺎﻧﻗزر

Total Page：16

File Type：pdf, Size：1020Kb

Download full-text PDF Read full-text

Load more

KERBALĀ AND BEYOND Yasin T. al-Jibouri اللھم آرزقنا شفاعة الحسين Paperback: 383 pages Publisher: Yasin Publications Date of publication: April 2, 2014 Language: English ISBN-10: 1497539447 ISBN-13: 978-1497539440 Yasin Publications P.O. Box 338 8253-A Backlick Rd. Newington, VA 22122 Website: www.yasinpublications.org Email: [email protected] 2 اللـ ّـھمـ ﱠ صـ َ ﱢــل عــلى محـــمـــد وآل محمد السﻻم على الشيب الخضيب، السﻻم على الخد التريب السﻻم على البدن السليب ، السﻻم على الثغر المقروع بالقضيب السﻻم على الرأس المرفوع، السﻻم على اﻻجسام العارية في الفلوات السﻻم على المرمل بالدماء، السﻻم على المھتوك الخباء السﻻم على خامس أصحاب الكساء، السﻻم على غريب الغرباء السﻻم على شھيد الشھداء، السﻻم على قتيل اﻷدعياء السﻻم على ساكن كربﻻء، السﻻم على من بكته مﻻئكة السماء و رحمة ﷲ و بركاته O Allāh ! Bless Muhammed and the progeny of Muhammed Peace with the blood-drenched gray hair. Peace with the dust- covered cheek. Peace with the marauded body. Peace with the mouth beaten with the iron bar. Peace with the head raised [atop a spear]. Peace with the bodies exposed in the plains. Peace with the one covered with blood. Peace with the one whose privacy was violated. Peace with the fifth of the Fellows of the Covering Sheet. Peace with the stranger of all strangers. Peace with the martyr of all martyrs. Peace with the one killed by the da’is. Peace with the one who resides in Kerbalā. Peace with the one mourned by the angels of the heavens. Peace with you, O Father of Abdullāh… 3 4 TABLE OF CONTENTS TREE LAMENTS AND BLEEDS ON ĀSHŪRA.............................8 PREFACE ..........................................................................................11 PROLOGUE ......................................................................................18 ETERNAL STRUGGLE BETWEEN RIGHT AND WRONG ....18 INTRODUCTION .............................................................................19 PART I................................................................................................23 HUSSAIN AND HIS FOES, MARTYRDOM.................................23 ABŪ SUFYAN............................................................................ 23 MU’AWIYAH AND YAZID...................................................... 24 ALI, HUSSAIN’S FATHER ....................................................... 30 36 ...............................(ع) IMĀM HUSSAIN SON OF IMĀM ALI ISLAM’S MESSAGE TO HUMANITY .................................... 41 ORIGINS OF DEVIATION........................................................ 43 FALSIFICATION OF HADĪTH AND DISTORTION OF THE SUNNA ....................................................................................... 44 YAZID APPOINTED AS SUPREME RULER.......................... 50 THE NOBLE MOTIVES BEHIND IMĀM HUSSAIN’S REVOLUTION ........................................................................... 54 THE REVOLUTION’S PROCESS............................................. 56 HUSSAIN IN MECCA ............................................................... 57 MUSLIM SWEARS OATH OF ALLEGIANCE FOR HUSSAIN ..................................................................................................... 60 HANI IBN URWAH ................................................................... 63 MUSLIM’S UPRISING .............................................................. 64 AL-MUKHTAR JAILED............................................................ 66 MUSLIM AT THE HOUSE OF TAW'A.................................... 66 MUSLIM MEETS IBN ZIYAD.................................................. 68 QASR MUQATIL ....................................................................... 74 THE KUFIAN HOSTS................................................................ 75 EFFORTS TO SECURE WATER .............................................. 76 CONDITIONAL RESPITE GRANTED..................................... 77 ANOTHER CONFRONTATION AT WATERING PLACE..... 77 FIRM RESOLUTION ................................................................. 78 LOVE AND DEVOTION ........................................................... 78 5 ASHURA..................................................................................... 79 THE FIRST LADY MARTYR.................................................... 82 AL-ABBAS IS MARTYRED ..................................................... 83 MARTYRDOM OF THE IMĀM ................................................ 84 HUSSAIN’S HORSE .................................................................. 88 AL-HUSSAIN MARAUDED ..................................................... 89 PART II ............................................................................................. 90 A SUMMARY OF............................................................................. 90 POST-MARTYRDOM EVENTS.................................................... 90 THE STEED ................................................................................ 93 THE SEVERED HEADS ............................................................ 94 LEAVING KERBALĀ................................................................ 96 AT KŪFA .................................................................................. 101 ZAINAB’S SPEECH................................................................. 103 FĀTIMA DELIVERS A SPEECH............................................ 105 AS-SAJJĀD DELIVERS A SPEECH....................................... 109 THE BURIAL............................................................................ 112 AT THE GOVERNOR’S MANSION....................................... 116 AL-MUKHTAR ATH-THAQAFI ............................................ 122 THE SACRED HEAD SPEAKS............................................... 125 AL-ASHDAQ ............................................................................ 127 ABDULLĀH IBN JA’FAR....................................................... 130 THE CAPTIVES TAKEN TO SYRIA...................................... 131 IN SYRIA .................................................................................. 136 HUSSAIN’S SEVERED HEAD ............................................... 145 A SYRIAN ENCOUNTERS FĀTIMA..................................... 148 ZAINAB DELIVERS ANOTHER SPEECH............................ 148 AT THE HOUSE OF RUIN ...................................................... 152 BACK TO MEDĪNA................................................................. 153 THE SEVERED HEAD REJOINS BODY ............................... 156 THE ARBA’EEN ...................................................................... 158 IN MEDĪNA .............................................................................. 166 6 PART III...........................................................................................171 THE REVOLUTION’S OUTCOME.............................................171 THE HARRA INCIDENT......................................................... 173 WHAT HAPPENED IN MECCA? ........................................... 177 AL-HUSSAIN’S GRAVE......................................................... 183 PERFORMING ZIYARAT TO HUSSAIN’S SHRINE ........... 194 PART IV...........................................................................................200 HUSSAIN’S SUCCESSORS: .........................................................200 200...................................................(ع) NINE INFALLIBLE IMĀMS 200 .....(ع) IMĀM ALI IBN AL-HUSSAIN ZAIN AL-ĀBIDĪN (1 213 ................................(ع) IMĀM MUHAMMED AL-BĀQIR (2 224 ............................................(ع) IMĀM JA’FAR AS-SĀDIQ (3 233 ......................................... (ع) IMĀM MŪSA AL-KĀDHIM (4 241 ................................................ (ع) IMĀM ‘ALI AR-RIDHA (5 339 ...................................(ع) IMĀM MUHAMMED AT-TAQI (6 347 ...................................................(ع) IMĀM ‘ALI AN-NAQI (7 355 ..................................... (ع) IMĀM HASSAN AL-'ASKARI (8 362 ................(ﻋﺞ) THE AWAITED ONE, IMĀM AL-MAHDI (9 CONCLUSION ............................................................................ 375 اللھم صلي على محمد و آل محمد اللھم آرزقنا شفاعة الحسين 7 TREE LAMENTS AND BLEEDS ON ĀSHŪRA In Qazween city, Iran there is an old tree which for so long has been Its .(ع) wailing and lamenting the martyrdom of Imām Hussain branches bleed warm blood on the 10th Muharram, i.e. Āshūra, when the Imām was martyred, and it keeps doing so till the 11th night of Muharram. The faithful residing in Qazween and surrounding areas gather there and commemorate Āshūra. Bleeding tree shortly before dawn when its color starts changing to red 8 Marks of Hussaini blood visibly appear on the miracle tree after sunrise 9 The faithful take blood specimens to show others 10 In the Name of Allāh , the most Gracious, the most Merciful PREFACE This is the third of nine books written so far by Yasin T. al-Jibouri, and hopefully the reader will eventually read the others as well. The first was Fast of the Month of Ramadan: Philosphy and Ahkam, and the second was his best book yet titled Allāh : the Concept of God in Islam. Since the reader is most likely interested in knowing who the author is, we would like to state the following: Al-Jibouri was born on August 14, 1946 in Baghdad, Iraq, and he lived most of his life in the holy city of al-Kādhimiyya (Kādhimain). In 1969, he graduated from the College of Arts, Baghdad University, where he majored in English which he taught at a high school in Babylon (Hilla) then at a vocational institute
Recommended publications
  • Beginners Guides to the Religions and Beliefs Islam

    Beginners Guides to the Religions and Beliefs Islam

    Beginners guides to the religions and beliefs Islam Teachers need subject knowledge to teach RE well. There is no substitute for this, and it is part of our professional responsibility. Any RE subject leader might use this set of support materials to help class teachers who are not expert in a religion they are going to teach. The guides to each religion here are very brief – just four or five pages usually, and carefully focused on what a teacher need to be reminded about. They are in danger of being trite or superficial, but perhaps are better than nothing. There is on every religion a wide introductory literature, and all teachers of RE will do their work better if they improve their knowledge by wider reading than is offered here. But perhaps it is worth giving these starting points to busy teachers. Note that no primary teacher needs to know about 6 religions – if you teach one year group, then two or three religions will be part of the syllabus for that year. In general terms, the following guidance points apply to teaching about any religion: 1. Respect. Speak with respect about the faith: any religion with tens of millions of followers is being studied because the people within the faith deserve our respect. 2. Diversity. Talk about ‘some / many /most’ believers, but not about ‘All believers’. Diversity is part of every religion. 3. Neutrality. Leave ‘insider language’ to insiders. A Sikh visitor can say ‘We believe...’ but teachers will do best to say ‘Many Sikhs believe’ or ‘many Christians believe...’ 4.
  • Hadith and Its Principles in the Early Days of Islam

    Hadith and Its Principles in the Early Days of Islam

    HADITH AND ITS PRINCIPLES IN THE EARLY DAYS OF ISLAM A CRITICAL STUDY OF A WESTERN APPROACH FATHIDDIN BEYANOUNI DEPARTMENT OF ARABIC AND ISLAMIC STUDIES UNIVERSITY OF GLASGOW Thesis submitted for the degree of Ph.D. in the Faculty of Arts at the University of Glasgow 1994. © Fathiddin Beyanouni, 1994. ProQuest Number: 11007846 All rights reserved INFORMATION TO ALL USERS The quality of this reproduction is dependent upon the quality of the copy submitted. In the unlikely event that the author did not send a com plete manuscript and there are missing pages, these will be noted. Also, if material had to be removed, a note will indicate the deletion. uest ProQuest 11007846 Published by ProQuest LLC(2018). Copyright of the Dissertation is held by the Author. All rights reserved. This work is protected against unauthorized copying under Title 17, United States C ode Microform Edition © ProQuest LLC. ProQuest LLC. 789 East Eisenhower Parkway P.O. Box 1346 Ann Arbor, Ml 48106- 1346 M t&e name of &Jla&, Most ©racious, Most iKlercifuI “go take to&at tfje iHessenaer aikes you, an& refrain from to&at tie pro&tfuts you. &nO fear gJtati: for aft is strict in ftunis&ment”. ©Ut. It*. 7. CONTENTS Acknowledgements ......................................................................................................4 Abbreviations................................................................................................................ 5 Key to transliteration....................................................................6 A bstract............................................................................................................................7
  • Rituals and Sacraments

    Rituals and Sacraments

    Rituals and Sacraments Rituals, Sacraments (Christian View) By Dr. Thomas Fisch Christians, like their Islamic brothers and sisters, pray to God regularly. Much like Islam, the most important Christian prayer is praise and thanksgiving given to God. Christians pray morning and evening, either alone or with others, and at meals. But among the most important Christian prayers are the community ritual celebrations known as "The Sacraments" [from Latin, meaning "signs"]. Christians also celebrate seasons and festival days [see Feasts and Seasons]. Christians believe that Jesus of Nazareth, who taught throughout Galilee and Judea and who died on a cross, was raised from the dead by God in order to reveal the full extent of God's love for all human beings. Jesus reveals God's saving love through the Christian Scriptures (the New Testament) and through the community of those who believe in him, "the Church," whose lives and whose love for their fellow human beings are meant to be witnesses and signs of the fullness of God's love. Within the community of the Christian Church these important ritual celebrations of worship, the sacraments, take place. Their purpose is to build up the Christian community, and each individual Christian within it, in a way that will make the Church as a whole and all Christians more and more powerful and effective witnesses and heralds of God's love for all people and of God's desire to give everlasting life to all human beings. Each of the sacraments is fundamentally an action of worship and prayer. Ideally, each is celebrated in a community ritual prayer-action in which everyone present participates in worshipping God.
  • Fazlallah Astarabadi and the Hurufis

    Fazlallah Astarabadi and the Hurufis

    prelims.046 17/12/2004 4:58 PM Page i MAKERS of the MUSLIM WORLD Fazlallah Astarabadi and The Hurufis “Shahzad Bashir is to be commended for producing a remarkably accessible work on a complex subject; his explanations are models of lucidity and brevity.” PROFESSOR DEVIN DEWEESE, INDIANA UNIVERSITY prelims.046 14/12/2004 1:37 PM Page ii SELECTION OF TITLES IN THE MAKERS OF THE MUSLIM WORLD SERIES Series editor: Patricia Crone, Institute for Advanced Study,Princeton ‘Abd al-Malik, Chase F.Robinson Abd al-Rahman III, Maribel Fierro Abu Nuwas, Philip Kennedy Ahmad ibn Hanbal, Christopher Melchert Ahmad Riza Khan Barelwi, Usha Sanyal Al-Ma’mun, Michael Cooperson Al-Mutanabbi, Margaret Larkin Amir Khusraw, Sunil Sharma El Hajj Beshir Agha, Jane Hathaway Fazlallah Astarabadi and the Hurufis, Shazad Bashir Ibn ‘Arabi,William C. Chittick Ibn Fudi,Ahmad Dallal Ikhwan al-Safa, Godefroid de Callatay Shaykh Mufid,Tamima Bayhom-Daou For current information and details of other books in the series, please visit www.oneworld-publications.com/ subjects/makers-of-muslim-world.htm prelims.046 14/12/2004 1:37 PM Page iii MAKERS of the MUSLIM WORLD Fazlallah Astarabadi and The Hurufis SHAHZAD BASHIR prelims.046 14/12/2004 1:37 PM Page iv FAZLALLAH ASTARABADI AND THE HURUFIS Oneworld Publications (Sales and editorial) 185 Banbury Road Oxford OX2 7AR England www.oneworld-publications.com © Shahzad Bashir 2005 All rights reserved Copyright under Berne Convention A CIP record for this title is available from the British Library ISBN 1–85168–385–2 Typeset by Jayvee,
  • Rsis Working Papers

    Rsis Working Papers

    No. 125 Thinking Ahead: Shi’ite Islam in Iraq and its Seminaries (hawzah ‘ilmiyyah) Christoph Marcinkowski S. Rajaratnam School of international Studies Singapore 25 April 2007 With Compliments This Working Paper series presents papers in a preliminary form and serves to stimulate comment and discussion. The views expressed are entirely the author’s own and not that of the S. Rajaratnam School of International Studies The S. Rajaratnam School of International Studies (RSIS) was established in January 2007 as an autonomous School within the Nanyang Technological University. RSIS’s mission is to be a leading research and graduate teaching institution in strategic and international affairs in the Asia Pacific. To accomplish this mission, it will: • Provide a rigorous professional graduate education in international affairs with a strong practical and area emphasis • Conduct policy-relevant research in national security, defence and strategic studies, diplomacy and international relations • Collaborate with like-minded schools of international affairs to form a global network of excellence Graduate Training in International Affairs RSIS offers an exacting graduate education in international affairs, taught by an international faculty of leading thinkers and practitioners. The Master of Science (MSc) degree programmes in Strategic Studies, International Relations, and International Political Economy are distinguished by their focus on the Asia Pacific, the professional practice of international affairs, and the cultivation of academic depth. Over 120 students, the majority from abroad, are enrolled in these programmes. A small, select Ph.D. programme caters to advanced students whose interests match those of specific faculty members. RSIS also runs a one-semester course on ‘The International Relations of the Asia Pacific’ for undergraduates in NTU.
  • In Their Own Words: Voices of Jihad

    In Their Own Words: Voices of Jihad

    THE ARTS This PDF document was made available from www.rand.org as CHILD POLICY a public service of the RAND Corporation. CIVIL JUSTICE EDUCATION Jump down to document ENERGY AND ENVIRONMENT 6 HEALTH AND HEALTH CARE INTERNATIONAL AFFAIRS The RAND Corporation is a nonprofit research NATIONAL SECURITY POPULATION AND AGING organization providing objective analysis and PUBLIC SAFETY effective solutions that address the challenges facing SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY the public and private sectors around the world. SUBSTANCE ABUSE TERRORISM AND HOMELAND SECURITY Support RAND TRANSPORTATION AND INFRASTRUCTURE Purchase this document WORKFORCE AND WORKPLACE Browse Books & Publications Make a charitable contribution For More Information Visit RAND at www.rand.org Learn more about the RAND Corporation View document details Limited Electronic Distribution Rights This document and trademark(s) contained herein are protected by law as indicated in a notice appearing later in this work. This electronic representation of RAND intellectual property is provided for non-commercial use only. Unauthorized posting of RAND PDFs to a non-RAND Web site is prohibited. RAND PDFs are protected under copyright law. Permission is required from RAND to reproduce, or reuse in another form, any of our research documents for commercial use. For information on reprint and linking permissions, please see RAND Permissions. This product is part of the RAND Corporation monograph series. RAND monographs present major research findings that address the challenges facing the public and private sectors. All RAND monographs undergo rigorous peer review to ensure high standards for research quality and objectivity. in their own words Voices of Jihad compilation and commentary David Aaron Approved for public release; distribution unlimited C O R P O R A T I O N This book results from the RAND Corporation's continuing program of self-initiated research.
  • Hujjat Allah Al-Balighah: the Uniqueness of Shah Wali Allah Al-Dihlawi's Work

    Hujjat Allah Al-Balighah: the Uniqueness of Shah Wali Allah Al-Dihlawi's Work

    ISSN 2039-2117 (online) Mediterranean Journal of Social Sciences Vol 6 No 5 S1 ISSN 2039-9340 (print) MCSER Publishing, Rome-Italy September 2015 Hujjat Allah Al-Balighah: The Uniqueness of Shah Wali Allah Al-Dihlawi’s Work Fadlan Mohd Othman1 Lutpi Mustafa1 Mohd Arif Nazri1 Ahamad Asmadi Sakat1 Abur Hamdi Usman2 Mohd Akil Muhamed Ali1 Muhamad Rozaimi Ramle3 1 Faculty of Islamic Studies, The National University of Malaysia, Malaysia 2 International Islamic University College Selangor (KUIS), Malaysia; Corresponding Author Email: [email protected] 3 Faculty of Human Sciences, Sultan Idris Education University, Malaysia Doi:10.5901/mjss.2015.v6n5s1p403 Abstract This study reviews on the uniqueness of the book Hujjat Allah al-Baligha by al-Dihlawi that emphasizes two important aspects, in terms of thought and debate on the topics presented by him. The study found al-Dihlawi’s thoughts in this book reflect his idealism as an Islamic scholar. He expressed impressive thoughts with the Qur’an as a fundamental ingredient and Sunna as a commentator to the Qur’an. While the reflection may generate useful perspective from the point of significance or preference according to the prevailing realities. Due to dissension between the Islamic parties during that time was considered chronically. This anxiety inspired a number of ideas to him to rebuild civilization of life in the name of Islam without mingling with the seeds of superstition and believing in mythical. Keywords: Hujjat Allah al-Balighah, al-Dihlawi, Sufism, Juriprudence 1. Preliminary Shah Wali Allah al-Dihlawi (d. 1762) is not only an extremely impressive thinker, but also, when he is not being Indian, a thoroughly Islamic one.
  • Tribus Árabes En El Magreb En Época Almohade, 1152-1269

    Tribus Árabes En El Magreb En Época Almohade, 1152-1269

    UNIVERSIDAD COMPLUTENSE DE MADRID FACULTAD DE FILOLOGÍA Departamento de Estudios Árabes e Islámicos TRIBUS ÁRABES EN EL MAGREB EN ÉPOCA ALMOHADE, 1152-1269 MEMORIA PARA OPTAR AL GRADO DE DOCTOR PRESENTADA POR Victoria Aguilar Sebastián Bajo la dirección de la doctora Mercedes García-Arenal Rodríguez Madrid, 2012 • ISBN: 978-84-695-6565-0 © Victoria Aguilar Sebastián, 1991 VICTORIA AGUILAR SEBASTIAN TRIBUS ARABES EN EL MAGREB EN EPOCA ALMOHADE. (1152-1269) Director: Mercedes García-Arenal Rodríguez Profesor de Investigación del Departamento de Estudios Arabes del C.S.I.c. Ponente: María Jesús Viguera Molins Catedrática del Estudios Arabes e Islámicos de la Facultad de Filología de La Universidad Complutense de Madrid. Departamento de Estudios Arabes e Islam Facultad de Filología Universidad Complutense Año 1991 Ay entre ellos muchos Philosophos naturales, que hablan elegantemente, y con grandes sentencias, y muchos poetas que componen canciones, y muy hermosos versos medidos, de silabas, y con sus consonantes, como los poetas vulgares de España, y de Italia. En estas canciones escriven sus guerras, sus casas, y sus cosas de amores, y las tañen y cantan suavemente a son de unas sonajas como las folias de Portugal, o de laudes, o rabeles, y muchos delios tañen y cantan, y componen de repente todo junto. (Luis del Mármol, Descripción de Africa, fol 41 r.) La realización de la presente Tesis Doctoral ha sido posible gracias a una Beca de Formación del Personal Investigador concedida por el Ministerio de Educación y Ciencia en enero de 1988, cuya duración se prolonga hasta diciembre de 1991. El Departamento de Estudios Arabes del Instituto de Filología del Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas ha servido de marco para su realización, así como el Proyecto de Investigación en el que se desarrolla esta tesis “Relaciones de la Península Ibérica con el Norte de Africa, siglos XIII- XVI”, cuyo Investigador Principal es la Dra, García-Arenal.
  • Sunni – Shi`A Relations and the Implications for Belgium and Europe

    Sunni – Shi`A Relations and the Implications for Belgium and Europe

    FEARING A ‘SHIITE OCTOPUS’ SUNNI – SHI`A RELATIONS AND THE IMPLICATIONS FOR BELGIUM AND EUROPE EGMONT PAPER 35 FEARING A ‘SHIITE OCTOPUS’ Sunni – Shi`a relations and the implications for Belgium and Europe JELLE PUELINGS January 2010 The Egmont Papers are published by Academia Press for Egmont – The Royal Institute for International Relations. Founded in 1947 by eminent Belgian political leaders, Egmont is an independent think-tank based in Brussels. Its interdisciplinary research is conducted in a spirit of total academic freedom. A platform of quality information, a forum for debate and analysis, a melting pot of ideas in the field of international politics, Egmont’s ambition – through its publications, seminars and recommendations – is to make a useful contribution to the decision- making process. *** President: Viscount Etienne DAVIGNON Director-General: Marc TRENTESEAU Series Editor: Prof. Dr. Sven BISCOP *** Egmont - The Royal Institute for International Relations Address Naamsestraat / Rue de Namur 69, 1000 Brussels, Belgium Phone 00-32-(0)2.223.41.14 Fax 00-32-(0)2.223.41.16 E-mail [email protected] Website: www.egmontinstitute.be © Academia Press Eekhout 2 9000 Gent Tel. 09/233 80 88 Fax 09/233 14 09 [email protected] www.academiapress.be J. Story-Scientia NV Wetenschappelijke Boekhandel Sint-Kwintensberg 87 B-9000 Gent Tel. 09/225 57 57 Fax 09/233 14 09 [email protected] www.story.be All authors write in a personal capacity. Lay-out: proxess.be ISBN 978 90 382 1538 9 D/2010/4804/17 U 1384 NUR1 754 All rights reserved. No part of this publication may be reproduced, stored in a retrieval system, or transmitted in any form or by any means, electronic, mechanical, photocopying, recording or otherwise without the permission of the publishers.
  • Mahdaviah Insight (A Publication of Mahdavia Islamic Center of Chicago )

    Mahdaviah Insight (A Publication of Mahdavia Islamic Center of Chicago )

    Mahdaviah Insight (A Publication of Mahdavia Islamic Center of Chicago ) February 2017 (Rabi us-Thani/Jamadi ul Awwal, 1438 H) | Issue 20 Editorial: Perfection of Religion In the name of Allah, the Most Beneficent, the Most Merciful. Inside this issue: Allah SWT sent His Caliph, Mahdi Al-Ma’ud AS, for the guidance of humankind for propagating the teach- ings of Vilayat of Prophet Muhammad SAS in this month. The Milad of Mahdi AS will occur on 14th of Jamadi ul Awwal that corresponds to February 11 this year. Let us pray our Lord, Almighty Allah to Editorial 1 guide us and keep us firm on our faith. Our faith is more comprehensive as we not only believe in Allah SWT, His angels, the day of judgement, His books, His prophets, but also His Caliph who came after 847 years from the beginning of Islamic calendar. Advent of Mahdi 2-4 (A.S.) - A Religious We know that Prophet Muhammad SAS did not say anything on his own but whatever he said, it is the Necessity Part-II revelation (Wahi) that was sent to him by Allah SWT.As Qur’an says: “He does not speak out of his own desires. It is a revelations which has been revealed to him.”(Al-Qur’an, 53:3-4) Therefore, even a single Qur’anic verse 2 Hadith is more than enough to believe in the advent of Mahdi. However, there are people who believe that after the revelation of Qur’an and after the advent of the last prophet, Muhammad SAS, there is no need of Hadith and Naql 3 any other person to come or to be sent by Allah.
  • The Public Sphere During the Later Abbasid Caliphate (1000- 1258 CE): the Role of Sufism

    The Public Sphere During the Later Abbasid Caliphate (1000- 1258 CE): the Role of Sufism

    The Public Sphere during the Later Abbasid Caliphate (1000- 1258 CE): The Role of Sufism Atta Muhammad Submitted in accordance with the requirements for the degree of Doctor of Philosophy The University of Leeds School of Languages, Cultures, and Societies February 2020 2 The candidate confirms that the work submitted is his/her own and that appropriate credit has been given where reference has been made to the work of others. This copy has been supplied on the understanding that it is copyright material and that no quotation from the thesis may be published without proper acknowledgement. The right of Atta Muhammad to be identified as Author of this work has been asserted by him in accordance with the Copyright, Designs and Patents Act 1988. © 2019 The University of Leeds and Atta Muhammad 3 Acknowledgements I am thankful to Allah the Merciful for His Blessings, which helped me to complete this thesis. My heartfelt thanks go to my respected supervisor Dr. Fozia Bora for her persistent guidance and invaluable feedback. She has been a guiding star in every step of my research journey. Without her kind guidance and extra support and care, I would not have completed my research. My learning from her was not confined to her comments on my work but drew much inspiration from her many points of general wisdom. I am thankful to Dr. Hendrik Kraetzschmar, for his useful comments on my chapter which I presented for my transfer viva. I am also thankful to Dr. Mustapha Sheikh and Dr. Tajul Islam as they encouraged me at every step, and I had useful discussions with them.
  • Turkomans Between Two Empires

    Turkomans Between Two Empires

    TURKOMANS BETWEEN TWO EMPIRES: THE ORIGINS OF THE QIZILBASH IDENTITY IN ANATOLIA (1447-1514) A Ph.D. Dissertation by RIZA YILDIRIM Department of History Bilkent University Ankara February 2008 To Sufis of Lāhijan TURKOMANS BETWEEN TWO EMPIRES: THE ORIGINS OF THE QIZILBASH IDENTITY IN ANATOLIA (1447-1514) The Institute of Economics and Social Sciences of Bilkent University by RIZA YILDIRIM In Partial Fulfillment of the Requirements for the Degree of DOCTOR OF PHILOSOPHY in THE DEPARTMENT OF HISTORY BILKENT UNIVERSITY ANKARA February 2008 I certify that I have read this thesis and have found that it is fully adequate, in scope and in quality, as a thesis for the degree of Doctor of Philosophy in History. …………………….. Assist. Prof. Oktay Özel Supervisor I certify that I have read this thesis and have found that it is fully adequate, in scope and in quality, as a thesis for the degree of Doctor of Philosophy in History. …………………….. Prof. Dr. Halil Đnalcık Examining Committee Member I certify that I have read this thesis and have found that it is fully adequate, in scope and in quality, as a thesis for the degree of Doctor of Philosophy in History. …………………….. Prof. Dr. Ahmet Yaşar Ocak Examining Committee Member I certify that I have read this thesis and have found that it is fully adequate, in scope and in quality, as a thesis for the degree of Doctor of Philosophy in History. …………………….. Assist. Prof. Evgeni Radushev Examining Committee Member I certify that I have read this thesis and have found that it is fully adequate, in scope and in quality, as a thesis for the degree of Doctor of Philosophy in History.