YALE Environmental NEWS
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yale environmental n e w s Yale Peabody Museum of Natural History, Yale School of Forestry & Environmental Studies and Yale Institute for Biospheric Studies spring/summer 2011 · vol. 16, no. 2 Peabody Wraps Up Four Seasons of BioBlitz Surveys page 14 from the director With my final opportunity to editorialize as In a senior essay titled “The Desire for Car the director of the Yale Institute for Biospheric Ownership in China,” Charles Zhu examines Studies (YIBS), I would like to highlight, from the paradoxes that attend the modernization my own mid-career vantage point, some news of China’s transportation system. The essay from the entrance and the farewell of other explores China’s conflict between lifestyle careers in biospheric studies. At the starting aspiration and sustainability that could easily point, YIBS applauds three graduating Yale extrapolate to a global resource crisis within a seniors who received the 2011 Donnelley Prize decade. Zhu combines a survey he conducted in the Environmental Studies (EVST) major. of 963 Chinese college students with a media At the cusp of his emeritus transition, YIBS review and personal interviews to highlight recognizes the achievements of a longtime how the desire of ambitious Chinese to own academic leader on the Yale faculty. an automobile transcends any rational assess- In a senior essay titled “Private Gardens, ment of its utility as a transportation device. Public Streets: The Evolution of Istanbul’s Zhu questions whether a car-centric transport Urban Forest from 1922 to 2007,” Reuben system is inevitable in a modernizing China by Fischer-Baum traces the history of park- exploring the alternative transportation culture land and flora in the former Ottoman and of Copenhagen, Denmark. Byzantine capital city. Starting from a remark- The Environmental Studies Program ably detailed fire-insurance map that was com- strives to educate its majors to think across missioned by the Sultan in 1920, and comple- disciplines. The above senior essays are mented by summer fieldwork, Fischer-Baum only three of a host of innovative projects, traces how urbanization and westernization devised and executed by EVST majors, under after Ataturk’s founding of the Turkish republic the mentorship of EVST Chair John Wargo, altered the urban ecosystem. Matching old Professor of the Yale School of Forestry & and new views of Istanbul with Geographical Environmental Studies, and EVST Program jeffrey j. park, director Information System (GIS) technology, Fischer- Manager Katy Prudic, formerly a Gaylord yale institute for biospheric studies Baum shows how the private enclaves of open Donnelley Environmental Postdoctoral space reflected Islamic principles of personal Fellow. Thinking broadly will be essential in modesty, but were transformed in the face of solving future environmental problems. With rising population and the growth of an effi- the retirement of former YIBS Director Karl The Environmental cient transport grid. Turekian this year, we can also recognize that In a senior essay titled “Changes in broad interdisciplinary thinking is essential to Studies Program the Lakes: The Ecological History of Two scientific discovery. strives to educate Watersheds in South Central Connecticut,” Karl Turekian became an assistant pro- Cornelia Twining combines field-ecology data fessor in the Department of Geology & its majors to think and a journey into the historical archives of Geophysics at Yale on July 1, 1956. Karl has 191 coastal Connecticut towns and reconstructs publications listed in the Web of Science, and across disciplines. events that governed the evolution of alewife has written several important books in geo- fish in local lakes and ponds. Colonial chemistry, the study of the chemical elements towns built dams to harness hydropower in their natural habitat. He is a long-standing for milling grain, and thereby isolated fish member of the National Academy of Sciences populations that had previously accessed the and a Sterling Professor. Karl has mentored sea. Later, town residents might reverse this dozens of developing researchers in geochem- isolation by removing the dam, or enhance istry, not only graduate PhDs such as Larry the dam to create a recreation area. Twining Grossman, Kirk Cochran and Greg Ravizza, Cover: During the peak breeding season at Stratford Point demonstrates, via zooplankton abundances but also Yale undergraduates who later rose to multiple Horseshoe Crab (Limulus polyphemus) males try to mate with a much larger (partly buried) female. The crab on and nitrogen isotopes in lake and pond leadership in earth science, such as Richard the left with a white US Fish and Wildlife Service tag is part of sediments, how these changes affected the Armstrong, Robert Poreda and Kenneth Farley. ongoing monitoring efforts by Project Limulus based at Sacred Heart University’s Biology Department. Copyright Twan Leenders food chain differently in each ecosystem. Karl not only edited scientific journals, he founded them. 2 yale environmental news / 16:2 Karl Turekian’s high-fiber scientific career produced an oceanic history of osmium- the autumnal Titan, picks up his office phone can be divided into three movements, in which isotope ratios that bookends Karl’s original and commissions entire chapters on each Karl the concerto virtuoso harmonizes with oceanic history of strontium isotopes. Both relevant element in Earth’s crust, ocean and a skilled orchestra of students, postdocs and geochemical histories capture major events in atmosphere. We look forward to Karl’s contin- other collaborators. In the first movement, Karl Earth history via their fingerprints in planet- ued company in the Department of Geology & becomes a Titan of geochemistry. In Greek wide chemical interactions. Geophysics as an emeritus professor. mythology, titans were the offspring of the In 1997 the many academic Friends of I also look forward to continuing my dedi- earth god Gaia and the sky god Uranus. After Turekian organized a two-day festschrift at Yale cation to the mission of YIBS from the ranks of writing his dissertation on the geologic preva- in honor of Karl’s 70th birthday. In 2011 Karl past directors. lence of a single element, strontium, Karl rec- refused to allow the Geology & Geophysics onciled the chemical budgets of his mythologi- Department to stage a farewell retirement party, cal parents with an inventory of all elements claiming that it could not surpass the 1997 in Earth’s crustal rocks, contrasting them with festschrift. However, Karl himself added a coda the chemical abundances of meteorites that to his career concerto by co-editing the nine- fell from the sky. His 1961 paper on this topic volume Treatise on Geochemistry with Heinrich with Karl Hans Wedepohl has garnered 1250 Holland, published in 2003 and soon to be updated. Karl, the springtime Titan, labored citations in the ISI Web of Science, and seeded Jeffrey J. Park the comprehensive Handbook of Geochemistry, to estimate the abundance of each element compiled during 1968-71, which Karl co-edited. with a primitive emission spectrograph. Karl, The second movement of Karl’s academic career is molto vivace, a dance through the periodic table to determine chemical exchang- es throughout Earth’s environment, and to use a variety of radioactive isotopes to deter- mine the ages of rocks, the rates of biological processes in the ocean, and the transport of radiogenic nuclides in the atmosphere. During YIBS Director Jeffrey J. Park this time Karl’s Coffee Room in Kline Geology Lab became renowned for bull sessions on the Departing but Not Disappearing! blackboard every morning from 10:30 to lunch, sharpening the minds of a generation of gradu- It has been my pleasure during the last three by. His steady leadership and dedication to ate students. and a half years to work with Jeffrey J. Park as keeping YIBS as the foremost influence on The third movement of Karl’s academic the director of the Yale Institute for Biospheric campus for environmental initiatives is a career opens in 1980 with the crash of a mete- Studies. When Jeffrey took on the role as YIBS testament to his many talents, especially under orite at the Cretaceous-Tertiary boundary, and director in January of 2007, it was a surprise the recent economic downturn, all the while the Dammerung of the non-avian dinosaurs. ending (or beginning!) to the sudden departure proving that it is possible to juggle teaching, Testing his skepticism about the meteorite- of then YIBS Director Derek Briggs when he research, leading YIBS, as well as being a full- impact hypothesis, Karl found a new love was tapped to take the helm as Director of the time dad all at the same time! within the periodic table, osmium, Nature’s Yale Peabody Museum of Natural History. I will miss working with Jeffrey on a day- heaviest metal. Osmium is a platinum-group I had previously worked with Jeffrey to-day basis. However, knowing him as I do, I element with a distinct meteoritic signature, when he served as chair of the Environmental realize that his presence at YIBS will be forever enabling Luck and Turekian (1983) to dem- Studies Program, but I had never had the on-going, and he will continue to support YIBS onstrate that the mysterious clay layer found distinct experience of interacting with him on in any way that he is able to while keeping worldwide at the Cretaceous-Tertiary bound- a daily basis, and being witness to his unique his juggling act going. Thank you Jeffrey, for ary was surely derived from an extraterrestrial and effective decision-making ability. When he sharing your time and talents the Yale Institute impact. For a quarter-century, Karl followed took on the role of YIBS director, he did so for Biospheric Studies, and with me! with great enthusiasm and interest in every the relative abundances of distinct osmium Rose Rita Riccitelli, Assistant Director isotopes from sea to shore to mountain, eluci- aspect of the Institute, and his passion to dating problems in rock weathering, volcanic maintain YIBS presence on campus grew as chemistry, and the ages of previously undat- the three and a half years seems to have flown able black shales.