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10Th Anniversary (2007-2017)

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10Th Anniversary (2007-2017) Chief of Staff, US Air Force Mission Statement Gen David L. Goldfein, USAF Strategic Studies Quarterly (SSQ ) is the strategic journal of the United Commander, Air Education and States Air Force, fostering intellectual enrichment for national and in- Training Command Lt Gen Darryl L. Roberson, USAF ternational security professionals. SSQ provides a forum for critically examining, informing, and debating national and international security Commander and President, Air University matters. Contributions to SSQ will explore strategic issues of current and Lt Gen Steven L. Kwast, USAF continuing interest to the US Air Force, the larger defense community, Director and Publisher, Air Force Research Institute and our international partners. Dale L. Hayden Disclaimer Editorial Staff Col W. Michael Guillot, USAF, Retired, Editor The views and opinions expressed or implied in SSQ are those of the Donna Budjenska, Content Editor authors and should not be construed as carrying the official sanction of Nedra O. Looney, Prepress Production Manager the US Air Force, the Department of Defense, Air Education and Train- Daniel M. Armstrong, Illustrator ing Command, Air University, or other agencies or departments of the US government. Advisors Gen Michael P. C. Carns, USAF, Retired Comments Allen G. Peck Christina Goulter, PhD We encourage you to e-mail your comments, suggestions, or address Robert P. Haffa, PhD change to: [email protected]. Jay P. Kesan, PhD Charlotte Ku, PhD Article Submission Benjamin S. Lambeth, PhD John T. LaSaine, PhD The SSQ considers scholarly articles between 5,000 and 15,000 words from Allan R. Millett, PhD US and international authors. Please send your submission in Microsoft Contributing Editors Word format via e-mail to: School of Advanced Air and Space Studies [email protected] Stephen D. Chiabotti, PhD Mark J. Conversino, PhD — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — The Spaatz Center Strategic Studies Quarterly (SSQ) Charles E. Costanzo, PhD 600 Chennault Circle, Building 1405 Kimberly A. Hudson, PhD Michael R. Kraig, PhD Maxwell AFB, AL 36112–6026 Dawn C. Murphy, PhD Tel (334) 953–7311 David D. Palkki, PhD Fax (334) 953–1451 Nicholas M. Sambaluk, PhD View Strategic Studies Quarterly online at http://www.au.af.mil/au/ssq/ Strategic Studies Quarterly (SSQ) (ISSN 1936-1815) is published quarterly by Air University Press, Maxwell AFB, AL. Articles in Free Electronic Subscription SSQ may be reproduced free of charge. Notify editor and include Like Air University Press on Facebook at https://www.facebook.com/AirUnivPress a standard source credit line on each reprint. and follow us on Twitter at https://www.twitter.com/AirUnivPress The Best of Strategic Studies SSQ Quarterly 2007–2017 Air University Press Maxwell AFB, Alabama This special edition is dedicated to all the authors published within the pages of Strategic Studies Quarterly over the past 10 years. We would also like to recognize all our contributing editors who offered sound judgments toward maintaining the highest quality scholastic evaluations for Strategic Studies Quarterly. Additionally, Strategic Studies Quarterly wishes to thank our individual advisors for providing strategic-level thoughts and ideas that keep the journal relevant. Finally, to all former members of the Strategic Studies Quarterly production team, thank you for building the foundation for success we continue to enjoy. Team SSQ Strategic Studies Quarterly An Air Force-Sponsored Strategic Forum on National and International Security 10th Anniversary 2007–2017 VOLUME 11, NO. 5 Foreword ............................................................................................... 4 Gen T. Michael Moseley, USAF, Retired Preface .................................................................................................. 5 Lt Gen Steven L. Kwast, USAF Remembrance of Things Past: The Enduring Value of Nuclear Weapons .............................................................................. 6 James Wood Forsyth Jr., Col B. Chance Saltzman, USAF, and Gary Schaub Jr. Nuclear Lessons for Cyber Security? ......................................................... 23 Joseph S. Nye Jr. Internet Governance and National Security .................... ......................... 44 Panayotis A. Yannakogeorgos Virtual Patriots and a New American Cyber Strategy: Changing the Zero-Sum Game ............................................................... 68 Matthew Crosston Energy Insecurity: The False Promise of Liquid Biofuels ............................ 88 CAPT T. A. “Ike” Kiefer, USN Assessing the US “Pivot” to Asia .............................................................. 126 David Shambaugh US Grand Strategy, the Rise of China, and US National Security Strategy for East Asia ................................................................. 136 Robert S. Ross War on Our Doorstep: Not a Mere Crime Problem .................................. 157 James P. Farwell and Darby Arakelian Why Cyber War Will Not and Should Not Have Its Grand Strategist ........ 172 Martin C. Libicki Busting Myths about Nuclear Deterrence .................................................. 189 James A. Blackwell Jr. and Charles E. Costanzo Foreword Just over 10 years ago, I directed Air University to develop a strategic- level journal sponsored by the United States Air Force. My reasons for this decision were twofold. First, unlike the other services, the Air Force at the time was virtually absent from the strategic narrative on the national stage. As a result, Airmen’s unique perspectives were relegated to only the means of strategy rather than policy development and the debate over the ends of US national security strategy. Second, it was the duty of all Airmen to engage the larger defense community by not only thinking and learning more about national security but also making contributions to the strategic discourse. In essence, the Air Force needed an intellectual recapitalization. My feature article in volume one of Strategic Studies Quarterly (SSQ) clearly explained these reasons—and the journal has satisfied both concerns. From the beginning, SSQ established a strong foundation, and over the past 10 years the journal has become well respected and well read. It did so by focusing on the topics that matter most to US national security, such as cyber, nuclear, Asia–Pacific, technology, and space. The US Air Force plays a major role in each of these. SSQ engaged authors from a plethora of external organizations, including think tanks, research centers, and the most prestigious universities in the country. It also provided the venue for Air Force and other military authors to publish arguments that influence national security. The result is a holistic approach that captures external views and expertise for the internal Department of Defense audience while educating and informing an external audience, including the interagency, the US Congress, and senior policy makers. This special anniversary edition provides some of the best examples of the dual benefit SSQ provided. The American public expects a lot from its Airmen as guardians of air, space, and cyber. With continued scholarly publishing from SSQ, those expectations will be met and assured. Over the past 10 years, SSQ has met my high expectations in honing the intellectual prowess of Airmen while influencing the national security debate. As long as war remains the ultimate security challenge, there will be a need for strategy and strategists. The continued success ofSSQ is essential in ensuring the United States has its fighting and thinking done by warrior scholars rather than cowards and fools. Gen T. Michael Moseley, USAF, Retired 18th USAF Chief of Staff 4 Strategic Studies Quarterly ♦ 10th Anniversary 2007–2017 Preface As the strategic journal of the US Air Force, Strategic Studies Quarterly (SSQ) has provided intellectual enrichment for national and international security professionals during the past 10 years. The journal is instru- mental in meeting the goals of Air University (AU) and bolstering our reputation as the intellectual and leadership center of the Air Force. The scholarly works in SSQ connect AU to academia, government, think tanks, industry, national laboratories, and the other services. It provides meaningful, relevant evidence to senior leaders, policy makers, and the larger defense community. SSQ helps marshal brilliant and at times controversial ideas that engage strategic thinkers to solve our nation’s most challenging strategic problems. Over the past 10 years, SSQ has published more than 250 scholarly works, including those devoted to grand strategy, cyber, technology, nuclear issues, space, civil-military re- lations, defense affordability, and the moral-social aspects of war. The entire collection of articles continues to inform, educate, and influence US national security. As the journal celebrates its tenth anniversary, it is our pleasure to offer this limited-edition “Best of Strategic Studies Quarterly” volume as a sample of quality, scholarly research published by AU. The choice of articles in this anniversary edition results from considering each article’s impact, aggregated downloads, follow-on use in academia, and overall interest at the national and international level. Any journal is only as good as the profound ideas from the authors within it—ideas such as those represented here and hundreds more in the SSQ archive. On behalf of the entire Air University SSQ team, I would like to thank
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