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Permanent Magnet Synchronous Motor Traction Drive System for Sub- Urban Services in India

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Permanent Magnet Synchronous Motor Traction Drive System for Sub- Urban Services in India International Journal of Advanced Research in Engineering and Technology (IJARET) Volume 11, Issue 11, November 2020, pp. 82-90, Article ID: IJARET_11_11_008 Available online at http://iaeme.com/Home/issue/IJARET?Volume=11&Issue=11 ISSN Print: 0976-6480 and ISSN Online: 0976-6499 DOI: 10.34218/IJARET.11.11.2020.008 © IAEME Publication Scopus Indexed PERMANENT MAGNET SYNCHRONOUS MOTOR TRACTION DRIVE SYSTEM FOR SUB- URBAN SERVICES IN INDIA Dr. C. Nagamani Associate Professor, Dept. of Electrical and Electronics Engineering, Anurag University, Hyderabad, India. Dr. T. Anil Kumar Professor and HOD, Dept. of Electrical and Electronics Engineering, Anurag University, Hyderabad, India Dr. G. Venu Madhav Professor, Dept. of Electrical and Electronics Engineering, Anurag University, Hyderabad, India ABSTRACT The Sub-Urban Services are the Backbone of Transportation System in Metro Cities of India. The riders expect comfortable journey from their Home to Workplace and vice versa. The Sub-Urban services are made up of Electrical Multiple Units which are driven by Squirrel Cage Induction Motors of lower Wattage. The Squirrel Cage Induction Motors work on low Power Factor, are noisy, prone to Vibrations and more bulky as compared to a Permanent Magnet Synchronous Motor of the same Power ratings. Also Gate Turn-off Thyristors are currently used for the Converter System which is less efficient as compared to an Insulated Gate Bi-Polar Transistor Drive. The Drive System with Insulated Gate Bi-Polar Transistor as switches for Rectifier-Inverter System driving Permanent Magnet Synchronous Motors as Traction Motors is proposed and simulated in this Paper Keywords: Efficiency, Electrical Multiple Units, Permanent Magnet Synchronous Motor, Power factor, Squirrel Cage Induction Motor, Traction Motors Cite this Article: C. Nagamani, T. Anil Kumar and G. Venu Madhav, Permanent Magnet Synchronous Motor Traction Drive System for Sub-Urban Services in India, International Journal of Advanced Research in Engineering and Technology, 11(11), 2020, pp. 82-90. http://iaeme.com/Home/issue/IJARET?Volume=11&Issue=11 http://iaeme.com/Home/journal/IJARET 82 [email protected] Permanent Magnet Synchronous Motor Traction Drive System for Sub-Urban Services in India 1. INTRODUCTION The Sub-Urban Services provide economical and round-the-Clock transportation to people living in Metro Cities in India. The Sub-Urban services of Mumbai, Kolkata and Chennai are best examples of this. The Electrified Sub-Urban service in India is called the Electrical Multiple Unit. It Consists of Power cum Passenger Cars and Passenger Cars of two Classes namely the Second Class and First Class. There can be different arrangements of the formation of the Electrical Multiple Units. It can consist of two power cars on both end and two passenger Cars in between. It can also consist of three or four Power Cars and six or more Passenger Cars. Essentially, a Power cum Passenger Car consists of a Driver Unit and Machine Unit in the front and Passenger section in the rear of the Car. Usually, when the rake is made up of more than 4 Passenger Cars, there will be additional Power Cars in between the formation. The noise and the Vibrations generated in these Power Cars cause considerable discomfort to the riders. The Passengers riding the Mumbai Suburban have often complained about the ride being not smooth and prone to jerking especially during Braking [1]. Hence, there is a Research going on to design a Gear-less or Direct Drive to improve the Efficiency of operation and also to reduce the discomfort caused by Vibrations by Indian Railways. It is worth mentioning here that a comfortable jerk-free, vibration-free, noise-free riding experience has been reported by Consumers in the Suburban system of Japan for which Toshiba has provided with the Power Cars consisting of a Direct Drive Technology using Permanent Magnet Synchronous Motors [3]. An attempt is being made in this Paper to suggest a new Design for Drive System of the EMUs with Permanent Magnet Synchronous Motor, which can be cost effective and also give a comfortable travelling experience to the Daily Commuters of Sub-Urban Systems in India. 2. THE EXISTING POWER CIRCUIT Each Power Car has Four Powered Axles driven by four Traction Motors which are primarily SCIM now-a-days. Each SCIM is rated at 295 kW with a Voltage rating of 2200 V. In the Power Car of EMUs, the overhead supply of 1500 V DC or 25 kV AC is connected to the traction system through a common single pantograph. The Power Circuit of the EMUs is designed in such a way that it can work with either 25 kV, 50 Hz supply or 1500 V DC supply. When the OHE supply is AC, the HVCC take the position on AC side. On closing the vacuum circuit breaker (VCB), 25 kV AC is fed to main traction transformer which in turn will step down the voltage to 1473 Volts and feed to Medium Voltage Change over switch (MVCC). A separate surge arrestor ACSA is provided to arrest the surges at primary winding of main traction transformer. When the OHE supply is DC, the HVCC takes the position on DC side. On closing the DC Circuit Breaker, 1500 V DC is fed to Medium voltage change over switch (MVCC). A separate surge arrestor DCSA is provided between HVCC and DCCB to arrest surges developed while working on DC mode. RLC (Resistor, Inductor and Capacitor) DC line filter is provided to dampen various harmonics developed while working in DC mode. The MVCC also has two positions. When OHE supply is AC, MVCC connects the single phase 1473 volts AC supply to Line converter. The GTO Line Converter is common for both the OHE supplies which can be either 25 KV AC or 1500 V DC supply. The line converter receives the input supply from Medium Voltage Change over Contactor which is either 1473 volts single phase AC supply received from secondary of traction transformer or 1500 V DC supply received from DCCB. The Line Converter coverts it to stabilized 2200 volts DC supply and feeds mainly to following three Components: http://iaeme.com/Home/journal/IJARET 83 [email protected] C. Nagamani, T. Anil Kumar and G. Venu Madhav 3-Phase Traction Inverter: The GTO Traction Inverter inverts the 2200 volts DC Power to 3- phase Variable Voltage Variable Frequency and feeds 4 nos. Of traction motors connected in parallel. Three phase Squirrel cage Induction Motors are used as traction motors. Diverting Chopper: The diverting chopper functions whenever the DC link voltage exceeds above preset voltage. The diverting chopper also helps in providing dynamic brakes when the train is in regenerative braking mode and the OHE turns non receptive. Such dynamic brakes are in function for a short duration till the change over takes from regenerative braking to electro pneumatic braking. Down Chopper: It converts the 2200 volts DC to 530 volts DC and feeds to following three equipments: 20 kVA dedicated inverter for Main Compressor Motor: 20 kVA Inverter converts 530 volts DC to 3-phase 415 volts AC. 50 kVA Inverter: 50 kVA Inverter inverts 530 volts DC to 3-phase 415 volts AC, and feeds auxiliary transformer. The Auxiliary Transformer has two secondary windings which supply 415 volts 3-phase AC to Auxiliary Machines and 220 Volts 3-phase AC to Lights and Fans in coaches. The load of lights and fans are on single phase of 140 volts evenly distributed across each phase and neutral. 7 kW Battery Charger: The 7 kW battery chargers convert 530 volts DC to 110 volts DC for charging batteries and feeding control supply [2]. A Schematic of the Existing Power Circuit of EMUs in India is shown in Fig. 1. Figure 1 Schematic of Existing Power Circuit for Electrical Multiple Units in India 3. DRAWBACKS AND RECOMMENDED IMPROVEMENTS OF THE EXISTING SYSTEM The major Drawbacks reported by the Passengers riding the Suburban Systems in India are jerks during Braking and Noise produced by the Power Car Units. The noise observed in the modern AC/DC EMUs was about 68dB. Though this is considerable reduction with the introduction of pneumatic suspension and Squirrel Cage Induction Motors in place of DC Series Motors as Traction Motors [1], it is still a cause for concern. Theses jerks and the noise can be further reduced by using a Direct Drive Traction Motor without the Gear Mechanism. The Permanent Magnet Synchronous Motors are ideally suited for Direct Drives and hence a three-phase PMSM can be used as the Traction Motor. http://iaeme.com/Home/journal/IJARET 84 [email protected] Permanent Magnet Synchronous Motor Traction Drive System for Sub-Urban Services in India The Existing Power Circuit has been designed for the EMUs to work on both 25 kV, 1-ph, 50 Hz AC and 1500 V DC. As all the existing Electrified Routes of Indian Railways have been changed to 25 kV, 1-ph, 50 Hz AC Traction Supply System, the use of Chopper in the Existing Circuit becomes obsolete. A Fully Controlled Rectifier would be better suited for operations on AC Supply as compared to a Chopper. Hence, a Fully Controlled Full Wave Rectifier with Insulated Gate Bi-polar Transistor as the Switching Device is being suggested in this Paper. Lastly in place of the Gate Turn-Off Thyristor based PWM Inverter, Insulated Gate Bi- polar Transistor based PWM Inverter is suggested in this Paper as the IGBTs have better thermal Stability, Over-load Capacity to with stand sudden High Voltages due to Pantograph Bounce or mis-fire of Inverter, less on-state conduction losses and less bulky Snubber Circuits as compared to a GTO. 4.
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