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Bombay, (Town and Island) cENSUS OF INDIA, 1911. VOLUME JTIII. (TOWN AND ISLAND)· --~>------ I ANI") II~ REP JRT AND rrM RLES. BY P. J}M'E1\.O AND G. LAIRD .MA.CGREGOR -. .- OF THE INDIAN CIVIL 8ERVICEJ ,IN CHARG5d4i4¢ In &Wii'10NS. SO M'B A Y: . ~. H aD AT THE GOVE'l-?NMltNT CENTRAL PR~._ 1:912 -", ,. FAR..T I. REPOR~r. BOMBAY <TOWN AND ISLAND). CONTENTS .. I REPORT.. Introduction .... CHAPTER I. POPULATION (,IF THE.: ISLAND. Popula.tion. Density. Urbs prima in Indis. Houses. Harbour, Docks, etc.. ;3-7 CHAPTER II. VARIATION IN POPULATION SIN('fj) 1872. Variation Elmce 1872. Decrea.ses. Northward movem.ent of Residents. Reasons for low Birth Rate. Sources of Immigration. Immigration from outside. Europeans. Decrease in llombay born ••• 9-13 CHAPTER III. RELIGION. The Religion of the Island. LoCa.l Distribution of Religions. Minor Relig·ions. 1 ;:)-17 CHAPTER IV. AGE, SEX AND C[VII, CC>-"DITlU~. Age. Sex. Sex proportion by Religion. Sex proportion by Locality. Civil Condition. Fluctuations of the paAt thirty years. Civil Condition b\" Religion ••• .. ,. HJ-'::3 CHAPTER V. EDUCJATION. Reference to Table. Scope of the Statistics. Education by Rcllg·ion. Literacy in English .,. •• r • <-.; 25-~7 CHAPTER VI. LANGUAGE. Principal Vernacula.rs of the City. English. Outsilie vBrnaculars ••. 29-:30 CHAPTER. VII. J NJlIUMITJ ES. 'Deta.ils of the afflicted. Insanity. D:=af-Mutism. Blindness. Leprosy ... 31-32 CHAPTER VIII. CASTE-, rrRIBE on. RACE. Meaning of the Table. Marathas. Sheikhs. Mahars. Parsis. Brahma.ns. Vanis. Bhandaris. Weaving pastes. Kolis. Lohamis. Sonlirs. Musal- mans. Jews. Europea.ns a.nd Kindred Races ." 33-3[... CHAPTER IX. OCCUPATION OR MEAXH- of LIYt~LrriooD. Differences in C~ifioation, 1901-11. Details of Occupations. Agrioulture. Timbel·. Pottery. Chemica.l Proclucts. Food. Dress. Building Trade. Boat-b.a.ildinc. Literature. Arts and Sciences, Transport Serviues. :sua. aDd Export Trade. Trade 'l'extile. Hotels. Cafes. Restau~, .. Fo_ ...... Other Trades. Publio Administration and Liberal Arts...· MisoalIaneoa. ." CHAPTER X. Some statistics of .~¥ a.nd aize and nature of buildings ••• .... 41 ERRATA. Page 7, Tl)ble III-Note, Une 1 ... tif'te'Y" Esplanade read " the-rc a~e ' I .. ., •• 4< for ., together. a·..., "Wgether a.s •• •• 12, IV·B~Hindu married persona-70 aud over (colunlU 8) ••• 1,304 1,305 ,. OJ Do. TotAI-Hindn (column 8) .. 404,481 401..482 .. " " .. .. 14., ., " F--Christian popnla.tion -MeJes 0-1 (column 3) .•• 497 •• 407 •• 24, " V -Khetwadi-Zoroastrian -Total-persons 20 and OTer, 4,694 last line (column 2) " 'J ., " VI-E Wat'd-males-Multan (S. No. 119) (column 13) " " 102, .. XIII-Gl'snd Tot.al Bombay City-number of occupied building!! (column ) O} . ,J 32.992 32,9[)~ INTRODUCTION. THE Oensus of the Town and Island. of- Bombay was taken as part of the Census of India on the night of the 10th March 1911. Although the condition of the City was not abnormal on that date, the unfortunate circumstanoes under which the Census was taken in 1901 with a virulent epidemic of plague ragin~ through the City preclude the drawing of comparisons between 1901 and 191 L This review of the Census figures will therefore be confined generally to au exegesis on the statical and not the dynamical aspect of the statistios. The final test shows that the population of our City is 979,445, just over 203,000 more than in 1901, and 1,623 more than the figures revealed by the Municipal Census taken in 1906 by the Health Department of the Municipa.lity who required soptething more authentic than the vitiated statistics of the Imperial Census for the proper administration of their department.. This is the first instance in India of a quinquennial oensus being taken, but it is unlikeJy " that it will be repeated, although a census every five years is recommended by the statisticians of Europe. The preliminary record was complete five days before the Census night, having been prepared by Dr. J. A. Turner, the Executive Health Officer of the Municipality, this being his second census. Mr. P. P. Vagh had the direct supervision of the arrangements. It may not be out of place to mention that this was the third census, with the direction of which Mr. Vagh had been closely oonnected. His experience on previous occasions conduced in no small measure to the smoothness with which all details were carried out. For the last five days with the aid of Government servants, volunteers and soholastio institutions the schedules were carefully checked and everything was ready for the final check on the night of March 10th In 1901, thanks to the initiative of Mr. E. D. Talati, school-boys carefully trained into census squads were utilized for the first time. There was a great extension of this on the present occ::tsion and sixteen schools took part in the final enumeration and the previous fi va days of cheoking. By this agency 97,962 persons, just ovec 10 per cent. of the population, were enumerated. The work was of course not equal, some of it was much better dona than the rest, but there is no doubt that a well-trained sq llad working under supervision is a most useful adjunct to the means available for enumeration. In addition to the schools some nineteen mercantile firms, both European and Indian, lent the services of clerks for the final enu rneration. In several other instances volunteers oame forward and agreed to take complete charge of the enumeration of oertain areas, providing their own staff. The innovation of using a general schedule" and filling in the details by means of enumerators instead of permitting the householder to fill in the entrim; himself, was made in 1901 with some diffidence, and trouble was anticipatetl in some of the turbulent quarters of the City. Thanks, however, to the personal influence of Mr. Edwardes, there was no difficulty. Sinoe then there has be-en a Municipal Census in 1906 and the Musalman population are getting accustomed B 1638-lJ 2 INTRODUCTION. to enumerations and no trouble was anticipated. But to make assuranoe doubly sure Mr. Edwardest kind offices were again enlisted and the cooperation of the heads of the Jamats obtained beforehand. The Police took oharge of the enumeration of the homeless. All railway arches,luaidans and al1eys ware searched and the sleepers marshalled into gangs and taken off to fixed enumeration stations where their particulars were recorded and they were allowed to go away armed with a slip of paper to show that they had been enumerated. The floating population was enumerated by the agency of the Royal Indian l\:Iarine and Mr. C. R. Watkins of the Preventive Service. The abstraction and compilation work was done in the Poona office. It is impossible to say yet what the cost of this Census of the Oity· will be, as the composition charges are not yet known, but it is not likely to exceed the sum set apart by the Municipality and an equal contribution from the Government of India. CHAPTER I. POPULATION OF THE ISLAND. 1. The populati.on of the Town and Island of Bombay on the night of the Population. 10th March was 979,445. When it is remembered that the Census was taken at a time when many had gone off to their homes for the Holi holidays and when there was great depression in the textile industry and many mills had closed down owing to the prohibitive cost of the raw material, it may be taken for granted that except for these interferences the population would have exceeded a million. The area of the island is 14,575l acres or 330 acres more than it was ton years ago. The increase is due to reclamation from the sea at Colaba, Fort North, Mazagaon and Se\vri with the big schemes in progress or in the air. This rate of increase is likely to be maintained. 2. The details of area, houses and population arranged by warus and Density. sections will be found in Table I of the Tables which are printed at the end of this report. The population is most concentrated in 2nd Nagpada, Kumbhal'- wada, Kamatipura, and Khara Talao, all of which have more than 550 persons per acre, and most scattered in Sian, Upper Cohlba and Walk eshw ar, where there are less than 20 to the acre. The reason of this will be evident to anyone who knows Bombay; Sion is still largely unreclaimed rice swamps (of which the land Won by the G. I. P. Railway for their workshops is only a very small fraction) or salt works, neither of which are capable of supporting a crowded population. Upper Cohiba is practically a military reservation and Walkeshwar contains the residential suburb or Malabar Hill. The explanation of the density of 2nd Nagpada and Khara Talao has been given by Mr. Edwardes in the last Census report as being due to their being Muhammadan centres and Muhammadans do not run away from plague. Moreover the Sons of the Prophet have a knack of packing closely together into one quarter, even in mofussil towns. Other overcrowded sections are :Bhuleshwar, Chakla, Umarkhadi, all of which show a large Musalman popula.- tion. These seven sections have been the mostly densly populated for the last thirty years, but recently there has been some re-arrangement of the order of precedence. Second Nagpada now holds the unenviable pride of place and has increased 136 per acre since 1881. 3. The popuhttion of Calcutta (exoluding Howrah) is 896,067 and subse- JIrllslirima. quent to the census Glasgow has been attempting to manipulate its boundaries In In lB.
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