Working Paper Series Working Paper 22 The Interface Between Domestic and International Factors in Colombia’s War System Nazih Richani Netherlands Institute of International Relations ‘Clingendael’ Conflict Research Unit August 2003 Netherlands Institute of International Relations ‘Clingendael’ Clingendael 7 2597 VH The Hague P.O. Box 93080 2509 AB The Hague Phone number: # 31-70-3141950 Telefax: # 31-70-3141960 Email:
[email protected] Website: http://www.clingendael.nl/cru © Netherlands Institute of International Relations Clingendael. All rights reserved. No part of this book may be reproduced, stored in a retrieval system, or transmitted, in any form or by any means, electronic, mechanical, photocopying, recording, or otherwise, without the prior written permission of the copyright holders. Clingendael Institute, P.O. Box 93080, 2509 AB The Hague, The Netherlands. ã Clingendael Institute 3 Table of Contents Foreword 5 Abbreviations 7 I. Introduction 9 II. Multinational Corporations and the War System’s Economy 11 2.1. Multinationals and the Guerrillas 13 2.2. Multinational Corporations and the State 14 2.3. Multinationals and the Paramilitaries: Autodefensas Unidas de Colombia (AUC, the United Self-Defences of Colombia) 14 III. International-Regional Networks and Commodities Fuelling the Internal Conflict 17 3.1. Narcotrafficking 17 3.2. The State Hegemonic Crisis and Narcotrafficking 20 3.3. Ransom/Kidnapping, Gold, Emeralds and the Arms’ Trade 22 3.4. Colombia’s Conflict and the Regional Nexus 25 3.5. The United States’ Policy: ‘Plan Colombia’ and the ‘War on Terrorism’ 27 IV. International Trade Regimes and Colombia’s War System 29 4.1. The Drug Prohibition Regime and Money Laundering 29 4.2.