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Tesis-De-Doctorado-Damián-Corral DOCTORADO EN CIENCIAS SOCIALES 2004-2011 Acreditación de la Coneau (Resolución 320/04) Tesis para obtener el grado de Doctor en Ciencias Sociales Otro país es (im)posible. El devenir de la centroizquierda en la Argentina de los noventa. Del Frente Grande hasta la Alianza. Damián Corral Director: Dr. Eduardo Rinesi Octubre 2011 FORMULARIO “E” TESIS DE POSGRADO Este formulario debe figurar con todos los datos completos a continuación de la portada del trabajo de Tesis. El ejemplar en papel que se entregue a la UByD debe estar firmado por las autoridades UNGS correspondientes. Niveles de acceso al documento autorizados por el autor El autor de la tesis puede elegir entre las siguientes posibilidades para autorizar a la UNGS a difundir el contenido de la tesis: a) Liberar el contenido de la tesis para acceso público. b) Liberar el contenido de la tesis solamente a la comunidad universitaria de la UNGS: c) Retener el contenido de la tesis por motivos de patentes, publicación y/o derechos de autor por un lapso de cinco años. a. Título completo del trabajo de Tesis: “Otro país es (im)posible. El devenir de la centroizquierda en la Argentina de los noventa. Desde el Frente Grande hasta la Alianza. b. Presentado por (Apellido/s y Nombres completos del autor): Corral, Damián Gustavo c. E-mail del autor: [email protected] d. Estudiante del Posgrado: Doctorado en Ciencias Sociales e. Institución o Instituciones que dictaron el Posgrado: Instituto de Desarrollo Económico y Social Universidad Nacional de General Sarmiento f. Para recibir el título de (consignar completo): a) Grado académico que se obtiene: Doctor b) Nombre del grado académico: Doctor en Ciencias Sociales g. Fecha de la defensa: 25/06/2012 h. Director de la Tesis (Apellidos y Nombres): Rinesi, Eduardo Francisco i. Tutor de la Tesis (Apellidos y Nombres): 1 j. Colaboradores con el trabajo de Tesis: k. Descripción física del trabajo de Tesis (cantidad total de páginas, imágenes, planos, videos, archivos digitales, etc.): 314 páginas l. Alcance geográfico y/o temporal de la Tesis: 1991-1997; Argentina m. Temas tratados en la Tesis (palabras claves): Frente Grande, Frepaso, centroizquierda, partidos políticos, medios de comunicación, neoliberalismo, corrupción n. Resumen en español (hasta 1000 caracteres): Este trabajo se propone analizar el derrotero de la centroizquierda en la Argentina durante los años 90, desde la formación del Frente Grande hasta la constitución de la Alianza. Nos interesa demostrar cómo en ese proceso de crecimiento se transformó la promesa política que encarnaba esta fuerza. En su origen, dicha promesa se proponía establecer una ruptura con el orden neoliberal y construir un proyecto de país sostenido en una democracia inclusiva y participativa. A medida que el espacio frentista amplió su apoyo electoral y generó la expectativa de poder llegar al gobierno, esa promesa devino en otra más moderada, cercana a los principios del liberalismo político, que consistía en renovar las formas de hacer política y volver transparentes sus prácticas mediante la lucha contra la corrupción, abogando por la independencia de la justicia y el equilibro de poderes. Indagar sobre el tipo de oposición construida, el perfil de sus liderazgos, los desplazamientos discursivos y el vínculo con los medios de comunicación, entre otros aspectos, formará parte del análisis sobre la declinación de esa promesa política transformadora. o. Resumen en portugués (hasta 1000 caracteres): Este trabalho se propõe a analisar o curso do núcleo na Argentina durante os anos 90, a partir da formação de grandes frente até a constituição da Aliança. Estamos interessados em demonstrar como no processo de crescimento que transformou a promessa política que encarna essa força. Na sua origem, esta promessa foi proposto estabelecer uma ruptura com a ordem neoliberal e construir um projeto de país sustentado em uma democracia inclusiva e participativa. Como o espaço parte brancos expandiu seu apoio eleitoral e gerou a expectativa de poder chegar ao governo, que a promessa se tornou outro mais moderado, próximo aos princípios do liberalismo político, que foi renovar as formas de fazer política e de retorno transparente suas práticas através da luta contra a corrupção, que defende a independência do poder judicial e de equilíbrio de poder. Informe-se sobre o tipo de oposição construída, o perfil de liderança, o deslocamento discursivo e a relação com os meios de comunicação social, entre outros aspectos, será parte da análise sobre o declínio do que prometem transformar político. p. Resumen en inglés (hasta 1000 caracteres): The purpose of this work is to analyze the course of the center-left in Argentina throughout the 1990s, from the formation of the Broad Front (Frente Grande) until the constitution of the Alliance (Alianza). We are interested in showing how the political promise, that this force embodied during this process of growth, developed. Originally, the reason of this promise was to establish a rupture against the neo-liberal order and build the project of a country sustained by an inclusive and participatory democracy. As the “frentista” space increased its electoral support 2 and generated the expectation to reach the government, this promise turned into a more moderated one, closer to the principles of the political Neoliberalism, which consisted in renewing the way of making politics and to make transparent its practices through the fight against corruption, advocating for the independence of justice and balance of powers. Part of the analysis of the declining of that transforming political promise, among other aspects, is to investigate about the kind of opposition built, profile of its leadership, shifting of speech, and link with the media. q. Aprobado por (Apellidos y Nombres del Jurado): Firma y aclaración de la firma del Presidente del Jurado: Firma del autor de la tesis: 3 RESUMEN Este trabajo se propone analizar el derrotero de la centroizquierda en la Argentina durante los años 90, desde la formación del Frente Grande hasta la constitución de la Alianza. Nos interesa demostrar cómo en ese proceso de crecimiento se transformó la promesa política que encarnaba esta fuerza. En su origen, dicha promesa se proponía establecer una ruptura con el orden neoliberal y construir un proyecto de país sostenido en una democracia inclusiva y participativa. A medida que el espacio frentista amplió su apoyo electoral y generó la expectativa de poder llegar al gobierno, esa promesa devino en otra más moderada, cercana a los principios del liberalismo político, que consistía en renovar las formas de hacer política y volver transparentes sus prácticas mediante la lucha contra la corrupción, abogando por la independencia de la justicia y el equilibro de poderes. Indagar sobre el tipo de oposición construida, el perfil de sus liderazgos, los desplazamientos discursivos y el vínculo con los medios de comunicación, entre otros aspectos, formará parte del análisis sobre la declinación de esa promesa política transformadora. La tesis estará organizada de la siguiente forma: en el primer capítulo examinaremos cómo se fue estructurando la relación de subordinación de la política a la economía en la Argentina durante las últimas décadas, dando cuenta de las transformaciones producidas con la implantación del modelo neoliberal a partir de la dictadura militar, los intentos fallidos de equilibrar este vínculo durante la primera etapa del gobierno de Alfonsín y la profundización del modelo bajo la gestión de Menem. Sobre esta última década, estudiaremos el impacto que la aplicación de dicho modelo tuvo sobre el rol del Estado, las políticas públicas y sobre la estructura social. En el segundo capítulo abordaremos dos dimensiones de análisis: el sistema partidario argentino y la relación entre los medios de comunicación y la política. En el primer caso, nos interesa dar cuenta sobre la dinámica partidaria en nuestro país, fundamentalmente a partir de 1983, así como del desarrollo de las terceras fuerzas y los principales clivajes que organizaron la disputa política. En un segundo momento, el propósito es indagar sobre la compleja relación 3 entre medios de comunicacióŶ LJ ƉŽůşƚŝĐĂ Ă ůĂ ůƵnj ĚĞ ƵŶĂ ƉƌĞƐƵŶƚĂ ͞ĐƌŝƐŝƐ ĚĞ ƌĞƉƌĞƐĞŶƚĂĐŝſŶ ƉŽůşƚŝĐĂ͟LJĚĞůĂƚƌĂŶƐĨŽƌŵĂĐŝſŶĚĞůŽƐůŝĚĞƌĂnjŐŽƐ͘ Nuestro interés se fijará en el tercer capítulo en el proceso que se inicia con la renuncia ĚĞů͞'ƌƵƉŽĚĞůŽƐKĐŚŽ͟ĂůũƵƐƚŝĐŝĂůŝƐŵŽĞŶϭϵ90 y la búsqueda de una articulación con otras agrupaciones políticas de izquierda y centroizquierda críticas del gobierno, recorrido que conduce a la constitución del Frente Grande en 1993. Pondremos énfasis en el modo en que, con sus polémicas y disputas, se fue perfilando una propuesta política claramente antagónica a la que conducía el presidente Menem en un primer intento de interlocución con otros actores del campo gremial y productivo. En el cuarto capítulo centraremos nuestra atención en la importante performance ĞĨĞĐƚƵĂĚĂ ƉŽƌ Ğů &ƌĞŶƚĞ 'ƌĂŶĚĞ͕ ĞŶ ĞƐƉĞĐŝĂů ƉŽƌ ĂƌůŽƐ ͞ŚĂĐŚŽ͟ ůǀĂƌĞnj͕ ĞŶ ůĂƐ ĞůĞĐĐŝŽŶĞƐ constituyentes de 1994 y las implicancias que esto tuvo sobre la orientación de la fuerza en términos de transformación de la promesa política. Será importante analizar la política de alianzas del Frente Grande orientada hacia el centro del espectro ideológico como también la distancia que Álvarez comenzó a tomar respecto de la protesta social y de la politicidad expresada en la acción colectiva. El quinto capítulo girará en torno a la constitución del Frepaso, al disímil protagonismo de las fuerzas
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