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Qhomicides in Uruguay, While Still LATIN AMERICA ADVISOR A DAILY PUBLICATION OF THE DIALOGUE www.thedialogue.org Tuesday, April 9, 2019 BOARD OF ADVISORS FEATURED Q&A TODAY’S NEWS Diego Arria Director, Columbus Group POLITICAL Devry Boughner Vorwerk Can Uruguay Get Judge Blocks U.S. Corporate VP, Global Corporate Affairs Cargill Policy Keeping Joyce Chang Global Head of Research, its Rising Homicide Asylum Seekers JPMorgan Chase & Co. in Mexico Marlene Fernández Corporate Vice President for Rate Under Control? A U.S. federal judge blocked the Government Relations, Trump administration’s policy of Arcos Dorados keeping asylum seekers in Mexico Peter Hakim while their cases make their way President Emeritus, through immigration courts in the Inter-American Dialogue United States. Donna Hrinak Page 2 President, Boeing Latin America Jon Huenemann Retired VP, U.S. & Int’l Affairs, POLITICAL Philip Morris International James R. Jones Colombia’s Chairman, Monarch Global Strategies Lower House Craig A. Kelly Rejects Peace Director, Americas International Gov’t Relations, Exxon Mobil Senator Jorge Larrañaga, a member of Uruguay’s opposition National Party, has led the drive Deal Changes for a referendum for tougher policies against crime. // File Photo: Facebook site of Jorge John Maisto Larrañaga. The lower house of Colombia’s Director, U.S. Education Congress rejected President Iván Finance Group Homicides in Uruguay, while still relatively low among Latin Duque’s proposed changes to the Nicolás Mariscal tribunal tasked with handling war Chairman, American countries, increased by 45.8 percent in 2018 as Grupo Marhnos compared to a year earlier, according to Interior Ministry crimes. Page 2 Thomas F. McLarty III Q figures. What’s behind the jump in the homicide rate? Will Chairman, McLarty Associates security play a big role in Uruguay’s upcoming presidential election in ECONOMIC Carlos Paz-Soldan October, or are other issues more important to voters? To what extent Partner, DTB Associates, LLP could the rise in the murder rates affect the ruling Broad Front Party’s Mexico Plans to Beatrice Rangel chances of re-election? Begin Taxing Director, AMLA Consulting LLC Digital Platforms Jaana Remes Caio Pizetta Torres, political risk analyst for Brazil and Mexico plans to tax digital busi- Partner, nesses, such as Netflix, beginning the Southern Cone at Control Risks’ global risks analysis McKinsey Global Institute in its budget plan next year, said Ernesto Revilla practice in São Paulo: “The reasons behind this upward Deputy Finance Minister Arturo Head of Latin American Economics, Citi trend are manifold and a source of heated political debate as Herrera. A Page 2 Gustavo Roosen parties seek to capitalize on the issue, which will surely play a central role Chairman of the Board, Envases Venezolanos in the October general elections. While the ruling Broad Front (FA) says Andrés Rozental turf wars between gangs are the main culprit, the opposition accuses the President, Rozental & Asociados and Senior government of insisting on inadequate security policies and introducing Policy Advisor, Chatham House lenient legislation such as the new Code of Criminal Procedure, which Shelly Shetty incentivizes prosecutors to plea bargain with criminals. As a matter Head of Sovereign Ratings, Latin America, Fitch of fact, they are both correct. The new code is likely to have increased Roberto Sifon-Arevalo recidivism without addressing growing numbers of unsolved crimes, Managing Director, Americas Sovereign & Public Finance Ratings, whereas gangs are increasingly making their presence felt in low-income Standard & Poor’s areas. Polls show that voters rank violence as their main concern ahead of the presidential election, and they largely blame the FA and President Vázquez, who was elected in 2014 promising to address the issue, for the deterioration of the security environment. As a result, the National Party Herrera // File Photo: Mexican Government. Continued on page 3 COPYRIGHT © 2019, INTER-AMERICAN DIALOGUE PAGE 1 LATIN AMERICA ADVISOR Tuesday, April 9, 2019 POLITICAL NEWS for migrants. So unfair to the U.S. OUT OF CON- NEWS BRIEFS TROL!” The flow of Central American migrants Judge Blocks Policy attempting to cross the southern U.S. border Mexico to Begin Taxing has reached decade-long highs, maddening Digital Platforms: Deputy Keeping U.S. Asylum Trump. The White House recently rescinded the nomination of Ronald Vitiello to lead U.S. Im- Finance Minister Seekers in Mexico migration and Customs Enforcement, a move Mexico will aim to tax digital platforms such as that preceded Nielsen’s resignation on Sunday, Netflix in its budget plan for next year, Deputy A U.S. federal judge on Monday blocked a The Washington Post reported. The Justice Finance Minister Arturo Herrera said Monday, Trump administration policy that has kept Department declined to comment Monday on adding that the country’s total tax take was too migrants seeking asylum in Mexico while the judge’s decision. The Trump administration low relative to those of other Latin American their cases are processed in U.S. immigration can still appeal the ruling to the U.S. Court of countries, Reuters reported. Herrera recog- courts, The Washington Post reported. In the Appeals for the 9th Circuit. The American Civil nized there is no broad consensus on how to ruling, District Judge Richard Seeborg in San Liberties Union was among the groups that tax digital services but said the government Francisco halted enforcement of the Migrant filed the lawsuit against the policy. It called the should be able to levy “interim” taxes on such Protection Protocols policy just days after ruling a “very important decision” on the White companies while an international agreement is House’s “unprecedented” attempt to keep established. [Editor’s note: See related Q&A in asylum seekers out of the United States. the March 27 issue of the Advisor.] The ruling blocks the Trump administration Colombia’s Lower from sending any Trump Administration future asylum seekers House Rejects Peace Ends Deal to Bring Cuban back to Mexico. Accord Changes Baseball Players to U.S. The Trump administration has blocked Major The lower house of Colombia’s Congress on League Baseball, or MLB, from contracting Homeland Security Secretary Kristjen Nielsen, Monday rejected President Iván Duque’s pro- players directly from Cuba to play profession- who resigned on Sunday, vowed to strengthen posed changes to the tribunal tasked with han- ally in the United States, officials said Monday, it. The White House implemented the policy dling war crimes as part of the country’s peace invalidating a historic deal struck last Decem- in January at the San Ysidro port of entry in accord with the former Revolutionary Armed ber between the MLB and Cuba, The Wall Street California and then expanded it to the border Forces of Colombia, or FARC, rebels, El Tiempo Journal reported. The MLB claims that creating crossings at Calexico, Calif., and El Paso. a legal path for Cuban players to join the U.S. Under the program, hundreds of migrants have league provides a safer alternative for them to been sent back to Mexico after declaring their arrive in the United States without resorting to desire to seek asylum in the United States. human traffickers. In the decision, the judge ruled in favor of 11 plaintiffs —11 migrants from Guatemala, El Salvador and Honduras—and ordered that they be allowed to enter the United States within Chile’s Piñera Wants ‘More two days, USA Today reported. The ruling, Ambitious’ Commitments which takes effect on Friday, also prevents Duque // File Photo: Colombian Government. the Trump administration from sending any on Climate Change asylum seekers back to Mexico in the future. reported. Duque had asked Congress to review Chile will seek “more ambitious” commitments The policy was not properly put into effect and six parts of the law that regulates the Special to mitigate climate change at the United Na- violates U.S. law and the 1951 United Nations Jurisdiction for Peace, or JEP, court, which was tions COP-25 conference, President Sebastián Convention on Refugees, to which the United created to investigate, hear prosecutions and Piñera said Monday, Reuters reported. The States is a signatory. In Mexican border towns, sentence those responsible for massacres, 2015 Paris agreement, which aims to keep asylum seekers “face undue risk to their lives sexual violence and other crimes during the temperature increases this century below 2 and freedom,” Seeborg wrote. Trump reacted 50-year war between the guerrillas and the degrees Celsius, is not enough to “prevent the to Seeborg’s ruling by tweeting, “A 9th Circuit government, Reuters reported. The president world from continuing on a path that could end Judge just ruled that Mexico is too dangerous asked for better clarification on extradition in tragedy,” the president added. Chile is sched- uled to host the conference in December. COPYRIGHT © 2019, INTER-AMERICAN DIALOGUE PAGE 2 LATIN AMERICA ADVISOR Tuesday, April 9, 2019 rules, FARC repayment of conflict victims and FEATURED Q&A / Continued from page 1 to toughen sentencing, as well as to exclude sexual crimes from the court’s responsibility. (PN), the main opposition party, will continue who got caught would not be sent to prison. Duque has long argued that the peace deal is to press on the topic, a strategy that has Unsurprisingly, more than 70 percent of too lenient toward the FARC. Lawmakers reject- yielded substantive growth in the polls so Uruguayans consider insecurity the country’s ed the proposal, with 110 voting against the far. Luis Lacalle Pou and Jorge Larrañaga, main problem, and the issue is already at modifications and only 44 in support. Duque’s the leading contenders for PN’s nomination, the center of the 2019 presidential election proposals had been widely expected to be are advocating for a strict law-and-order campaign.
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