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Internet Servisi Instant Poruke (Instant Messaging) Internet servisi dr Dušan Ljubičić Beogradska akademija poslovnih i umetničkih strukovnih studija Instant poruke (Instant Messaging) Instant Messaging • Instant poruke - IM (od Instant Messaging) • Onlajn komunikacija u realnom vremenu • Obavlja se razmenom uglavnom tekstualnih poruka • Obično između dve osobe koje se u najvećem broju slučajeva već poznaju • Za fizička lica IM servis je besplatan 4/1/2020 Internet servisi – dr Dušan Ljubičić 2 Najpoznatiji programi • Najpoznatiji IM programi su bili – ICQ, AOL Instant Messenger (AIM), Yahoo! Messenger, Windows Live Messenger, iChat i Skype • Neki od ovih programa danas više ne postoje (AIM, Windows Live Messenger – integrisan sa Skajpom) dok su drugi, izuzev Skajpa, potisnuti od strane aplikacija za razmenu poruka preko mobilnih telefona (Messaging apps) 4/1/2020 Internet servisi – dr Dušan Ljubičić 3 Najpoznatiji danas • Najpoznatiji programi danas za razmenu poruka su WhatsApp, Messenger, WeChat, QQ, KiK, Viber, Skype, LINE, Telegram, Snapchat, Google Hangouts Messenger Skype Viber Whatsapp WeChat LINE Hangouts KakaoTalk BBM Slack Telegram Hike Snapchat QQ Kik Tango 4/1/2020 Internet servisi – dr Dušan Ljubičić 4 Veliki broj korisnika • WhatsApp i Messenger, već imaju oko 1,3 milijarde mesečno aktivnih korisnika, dok WeChat i QQ, koji su u vlasništvu kineske firme Tencent, imaju preko 980, odnosno 840 miliona mesečno aktivnih korisnika • http://vincos.it/social-media-statistics/ 4/1/2020 Internet servisi – dr Dušan Ljubičić 5 Umesto SMS i MMS • Pored prenosa tekstualnih poruka gotovo svi IM programi omogućavaju audio i video komunikaciju, prenos slika i drugih vrsta datoteka • Budući da se radi o besplatnom servisu, instant poruke sve više potiskuju SMS i MMS poruke, kao i klasično telefoniranje preko mobilnih ili fiksnih mreža • Po procenama u 2018. god. udeo IM u svim mobilnim porukama će dostići 75% 4/1/2020 Internet servisi – dr Dušan Ljubičić 6 Umesto mejla • Instant poruke mogu da se pošalju i kada primalac nije na mreži tako da mogu da se koriste i umesto emaila • Efikasnije, brže, pouzdanije i zato IM potiskuje email • Kod gmail-a veličina datoteke za slanje je to 25 MB, Whatsapp omogućava slanje datoteka do 100 MB 4/1/2020 Internet servisi – dr Dušan Ljubičić 7 Za poslovne korisnike • Poslovnim korisnicima IM nudi više mogućnosti za komunikaciju i timski rad nego što su to zajedno ikada mogli email, mobilni i fiksni telefon • Poslovnim korisnicima IM štedi vreme, povećava poslovnu saradnju i drastično smanjuje troškove komunikacije • Prema istraživanju koje je sproveo Symantec, 55% od onih koji IM koriste na poslu tvrde da im se email saobraćaj smanjio za 50% 4/1/2020 Internet servisi – dr Dušan Ljubičić 8 Automatizacija pružanja usluga • Neke IM aplikacije omogućavaju kreiranje botova • Botovi omogućavaju lako dobijanje različitih informacija, kao što su vremenska prognoza ili kursna lista, odnosno informacija koje su dostupne preko internet pretraživača i socijalnih mreža • Botovi kompanijama omogućavaju da automatizuju pružanje svojih usluga • Korisnici sa botovima komuniciraju na uobičajen način i nije potreban nikakav dodatni interfejs 4/1/2020 Internet servisi – dr Dušan Ljubičić 9 Automatizacija pružanja usluga • IM ima potencijal da asistira korisnicima u skoro svim onlajn poslovima • U Kini se WeChat koristi za naručivanje hrane, taksija, kupovanje avionskih karti, proveru stanja na računu u banci, pa čak i za igranje igrica. U Japanu ljudi koriste Line za kupovinu u prodavnicama • Snapchat, Line i Facebook omogućavaju svojim korisnicima međusobno slanje novca 4/1/2020 Internet servisi – dr Dušan Ljubičić 10 IM klijent-server arhitektura • Gotovo svi IM sistemi koriste klijent-server arhitekturu • Kod ove arhitekture korisnici instaliraju klijentski softver (Whatsapp, Skype itd.) na svojim uređajima, a provajder IM usluga serverski softver na server • Kada jedan klijent šalje poruku drugom, poruka se prvo šalje IM serveru, a zatim IM server šalje poruku klijentu kojem je namenjena • Ukoliko klijent kojem je namenjena poruka trenutno nije dostupan, poruka će mu biti kasnije prosleđena 4/1/2020 Internet servisi – dr Dušan Ljubičić 11 IM klijent-server arhitektura IM Klijent 1 1. Poruka se prvo šalje 1 IM serveru 2. IM server zatim šalje IM Klijent 2 poruku klijentu 2 IM Server 4/1/2020 Internet servisi – dr Dušan Ljubičić 12 IM peer-to-peer arhitektura • Kod peer-to-peer IM arhitekture ne postoji centralni server • Umesto toga poruke se šalju od računara do računara dok ne stignu do odredišta • Svaki računar u ovoj mreži ima klijentski i serverski deo 4/1/2020 Internet servisi – dr Dušan Ljubičić 13 Ricochet IM • Ricochet je trenutno najpoznatijih IM program koji koristi peer-to-peer arhitekturu • Richocet koristi Tor mrežu u kojoj se poruka šalje od noda do noda • Svaki nod ima skriveni serverski deo koji potvrđuje njegov identitet i prihvata konekcije susednih nodova kojima šalje poruke i od kojih prima poruke • Autentifikacija hosta vrši preko javnog ključa, čime se isključuje potreba za trećom stranom 4/1/2020 Internet servisi – dr Dušan Ljubičić 14 Ricochet IM • Kada se program pokrene on pokušava da se poveže na Tor mrežu preko kontakt adresa koje su mu poznate • Konekcije se prave preko porta 9878 • Za povezivanje sa mrežom dovoljna je samo jedna aktivna konekcija • Kada se konekcija uspostavi ona se sve vreme drži otvorenom https://www.torproject.org/about/overview.html.en 4/1/2020 Internet servisi – dr Dušan Ljubičić 15 Korisnici • Kontakti se dodaju na isti način kao i kod Skajpa • Korisniku se prvo šalje zahtev koristeći njegov ID • Korisnik mora da odobri zahtev da bi poruke mogle da mu se šalju • Kontakt lista je poznata samo računaru na kojem se nalazi • Kod instalacije programa korisnik dobija ID u obliku ricochet:5k5cso7zakxp5x6y 4/1/2020 Internet servisi – dr Dušan Ljubičić 16 Putanja poruke • Kod slanja poruke kreira se putanja od pošiljaoca do primaoca poruke 4/1/2020 Internet servisi – dr Dušan Ljubičić 17 Bezbednost • Ova putanja je slučajno izabrana i enkriptovana tako da ne može da se dođe u posed lokacije ili IP adrese nijednog noda • Svaki nod zna samo od koga je dobio poruku i kome treba da je prosledi • Nijedan nod nema pune informacije o tome ko šalje poruku i kome se šalje 4/1/2020 Internet servisi – dr Dušan Ljubičić 18 Tajnost • Putanja kojom se prenose podaci je potpuno šifrirana (end-to-end encrypted) tako da: – Identitet korisnika ne može da se utvrdi na osnovu kontakta ili njihovih adresa – Komunikacija je autentifikovana i enkriptovana – Nijedan korisnik, niti server, ne može da dođe u posed kontakt liste, istorije poruka … – Cenzura i nadgledanje komunikacije nisu mogući – Stavljanje korisnika na crnu listu ili napad otkazivanjem servisa (DOS ili DDOS) nisu mogući 4/1/2020 Internet servisi – dr Dušan Ljubičić 19 Whatsapp • IM aplikacija sa najvećim brojem korisnika na svetu • Krajem decembra 2017. godine Whatsapp je imao oko 1,5 milijardi aktivnih korisnika mesečno • Dnevno se pošalje oko 55 milijardi poruka (jul, 2017.) • Omogućava audio i video pozive i slanje multimedijalnih sadržaja • Maksimalna veličina datoteke 100 MB • Grupe mogu da imaju do 250 članova, tj. poruka može da se šalje istovremeno prema 250 korisnika 4/1/2020 Internethttps://www.statista.com/topics/2018/whatsapp/ servisi – dr Dušan Ljubičić 20 Whatsapp statistika 4/1/2020 Internet servisi – dr Dušan Ljubičić 21 Enkripcija • Whatsapp koristi end-to-end enkripciju, odnosno šifrira saobraćaj, tako da niko, uključujući i Whatsapp, osim učesnika u komunikaciji, ne može da pročita poruke ili dokumente, gleda video i slike ili prisluškuje razgovore ili prati gde se trenutno nalazite • Svaka poruka se šifrira jedinstvenim ključem koji je dostupan samo učesnicima komunikacije 4/1/2020 Internet servisi – dr Dušan Ljubičić 22 Lokacija i poslovna verzija • Whatsapp koristi Google Maps i Google Places za deljenje lokacije. Za vreme razmene poruka korisnici na mapi mogu da vide gde se trenutno nalaze • Whatsapp takođe može da se koristi i preko veb sajta. Procedura za pokretanje je na stranici https://web.whatsapp.com • Početkom 2018. godine Whatsapp je lansirao i poslovnu verziju (WhatsApp Business) 4/1/2020 Internet servisi – dr Dušan Ljubičić 23 Arhitektura • Whatsapp koristi klijent-server arhitekturu • Kada korisnik pošalje poruku, ona se prvo šalje serveru i odmah se prosleđuje primaocu • Ukoliko primalac nije onlajn, poruka se privremeno smešta na server u red, zajedno sa ostalim takvim porukama, i šalje primaocu čim bude na mreži • Čim primalac primi poruku ona se briše sa servera • Poruke mogu da sačuvaju na mobilnom u obliku fajla. Android korisnici mogu da koriste Google drive 4/1/2020 Internet servisi – dr Dušan Ljubičić 24 Arhitektura Mnesia DB Cluster XMPP HTTP Custom Ejabberd Media data Write Only Local SQLite DB Server Cluster Profile Message Offilne Users Mobile User Contacts Archive XMPP MySQL or Riak GCM/APNS HTTP Postgress YAWS Server HTTP Media Store CDN Local SQLite DB Mobile User 4/1/2020 Internet servisi – dr Dušan Ljubičić 25 Arhitektura • Whatsapp korisiti FreeBSD operativni sistem. FreeBSD je besplatan operativni sistem otvorenog koda. Razvijen je iz jedne verzije Unix-a koja se zvala BSD • Whatsapp korisiti Ejabberd server. Ovaj server omogućava trenutnu razmenu poruka između dvoje ili više korisnika, praktično u deliću sekunde • Ejabbers server koristi modifikovanu verziju XMMP protokola (Extensible Messaging and Presence Protocol). XMPP je protokol otvorenog koda i zasnovan je na XML-u 4/1/2020 Internet servisi – dr Dušan Ljubičić
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