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Research Article A new genus and species of proteocephalidean tapeworm Tocantinsia piresi (Siluriformes: Auchenipteridae) from Brazil
Philippe Vieira Alves , Alain de Chambrier , Tomáš Scholz and José Luis Luque4
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Abstract: Frezella gen. n. is proposed to accommodate Frezella vaucheri 1 % 5 Tocantinsia piresi @ + 5 > ! 5 + & ' ! $ ' H + # + 1 5 ! 1 1 ^ 5 ! U 1 ^5 ^ ' " 5 1 % % 5 5 1 zone. Frezella can also be differentiated by having the internal longitudinal musculature hypertrophied laterally on both sides, the pres- ! ^ 15 _ 1 canals situated slightly dorsomedian to ventral canals. Frezella vaucheri T. piresi, which & ' H ! + $ ' Keywords: ^ 15 15 # 5 ^5 & ' ! + 5 > ! 5 ~
The Neotropical region hosts the highest diversity of Q R H + Glanidium piresi by @ + 3 @ ! 5 5 I ! 5 H J ! ! ! (one of the principal southern tributaries of the Amazon " # - ! @ 5 @ 3M; 5 cephalidea). The highest diversity of tapeworm species was Tocantinsia Mees, to accommodate his new species T. de- recognised in large pimelodids such as Brachyplatystoma pressa @ H ! 5 ! Bleeker, Phractocephalus Agassiz, Pseudoplatystoma + & ' ! < ! 5 Bleeker and Zungaro $ % & ' # @ 3Q; 1 1 Tocantinsia ! + 1 depressa with Glanidium piresi, which actually does not many as 7–9 species of proteocephalideans (de Chambrier belong to Glanidium Lütken. Therefore, a new combina- 2 3335 3335 6 + tion, T. piresi5 +1 @ 3Q; - 85 ;5 & 5 ; < ! 5 - 1 ! R # 1 ; teocephalidean cestodes also parasitise other groups of H + & ' H ! siluriforms, such as auchenipterids, in particular species + $ 5 + of Ageneiosus Lacépède (see de Chambrier and Vaucher proteocephalidean cestodes are absent. 3335 = # 3 Morphological evaluation of the cestodes found in During studies on the parasitic helminths of freshwa- T. piresi > ! ! 1 - > ! + 1 resent a new species, which is described herein. In addition, & ' ! $ ' 5 the new species cannot be allocated to any of the known genera of proteocephalidean cestodes. Therefore, a new ge- Tocantinsia piresi @ + 5 1 % nus is proposed to accommodate this new species.
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This is an Open Access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0), which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited. " ;; { X 8 & ! " & #
MATERIALS AND METHODS Type and only species: Frezella vaucheri sp. n. R +1 % ! + ^ 1 1" H 2 + + - U R ' 5 5 + 1 - tory and then immediately dissected. Cestodes found were placed tematics and biology of proteocephalidean cestodes. The 5 ! ^ name should be treated as femininum. hot 4% neutral formaldehyde solution and subsequently stored M 6 + ; & Differential diagnosis. The new genus belongs to the the posterior end of the four remaining specimens was cut off # + 1 _ 38M33 5 ! 1 + ^ Q ~& 15 & 5 ! For morphology, specimens were stained with Mayer’s hydro- 3Q85 33; H 5 + 1 8 - chloric carmine solution, dehydrated in an ethanol series, cleared era parasitising vertebrates of several groups (genera from ! 6 + # ~ +1 % 5 1 + + ^5 Barsonella 6 + 5 '5 $ @ ^5 M X 3 5 R ^1 - 3] Brayela 5 3Q;] Cangatiella # ! $ +1 6 - @ 5 33 ] Euzetiella de Chambrier, + 2 5 333] Glanitaenia de Chambrier, Zeh- R @ + ! 5 5 2 @ ^5 ;] Margaritaella Arredon- scoleces of the new species were prepared by the method de- = # 5 ] Proteocephalus 5 + +1 + ! 3; QXQ] Pseudocrepidobothrium U! !5 ] ~ < 1 @ 5 = ! Scholzia 6 + 5 = # 5 X5 I I @ 8M R U ] Cairaella Coquille et de Chambrier, # 15 $6 6& 5 5 % $ DJ ! 5 6' + @ - Q] Crepidobothrium @ 5 3 ] Deblocktaenia ^ 1 6 !1 3 & 5 38 ] Macrobothriotaenia R ' 5 38X] Ophio- are given in micrometres unless otherwise indicated. Abbrevia- taenia 5 3 ] Tejidotaenia R ' 5 38X5 " ^ M ] M + + ] Thaumasioscolex & 1 " 6 R # X5 8 " 8 # " ;; { X 8 & ! " & # Figs. 1–8. Frezella vaucheri gen. n. et sp. n. from Tocantinsia piresi $ ' Fig. 1. ^ $ > 8X M @<~=_#&H Q8M Q 5 ! ! Figs. 2, 3. ^5 ! 5 ! 1] 1 $ > 8X1 M U#6& 6_88 ] Figs. 4–7. 6 ^5 % 5 ^ ' % 5 ! 1 $ > 8X M U#6& 6_88 Fig. 8. Acicular ! $ > 8X M U#6& 6_88 % ] ! ^ +1 ! - isolated pieces of strobila. Immature proglottids wider than % 5 M XX R 5 5 " M 5 ! 3 ] @ M 3 % 5 XM MX " M 8 5 ! 1 ^ M XMX ; M 5 + R ] much wider than neck (width of scoleces studied using R @ M MQX ] R M 5 ^ # ^ +1 ^ & M 3XM88 short, slightly folded, with subspherical muscular apical R 5 5 3 ~ % ' ! 5 XXM3 & 8XM3 5 5 8;XM X R 5 3 & ^ ^5 % % 1 R @ - ! 5 ^ ' ^ ; % ! R # X5 8 " 8 # doi: 10.14411/fp.2015.006 Alves et al.: A new cestode genus (Proteocephalidea) Figs. 9–11. Frezella vaucheri gen. n. et sp. n. from Tocantinsia piresi from Brazil. Fig. 9. ^5 ! ! ] 1 $ > 65f – CHIOC 37979a); note the presence of two distinct parts of the metascolex. Fig. 10. ^5 ] 1 $ > 8X 'M @<~=_#&H Q8M ] + % Fig. 11. Pregravid proglottid, ! ! ] 1 $ > 8X ' M @<~=_#&H Q8M Abbreviations: ao – apical organ; cm – circular musculature; gc – glandular cells; lm – longitudinal musculature; mg – Mehlis’ gland; oc – osmoregulatory canals; od – oviduct. and density (Figs. 4–7). Proglottids covered with acicular _ ! R " R Q ;XM 5 XXMQX Inner longitudinal musculature well developed, formed M3M 8 H +1 + + gravid proglottids. and ventral side, with conspicuous concentration of bun- Vas deferens strongly coiled, with loops forming elongat- dles on lateral sides of proglottids (Figs. 13–17). Ventral 5 + 5 - osmoregulatory canals thin-walled, wide, median to lateral tid (Figs. 11, 14). Cirrus-sac elongate, thin-walled, slightly bands of vitelline follicles, slightly sinuous (Fig. 11). Dorsal widened towards distal (terminal) part (Fig. 12), 395–505 osmoregulatory canals thick-walled, relatively wide, sur- long and 100–160 wide (n = 31), its length representing rounded by vitelline follicles (Figs. 12–17). Another pair of MM ^ Q5 tiny, thin-walled canals situated slightly dorsomedian to ven- (internal vas deferens) strongly coiled (Fig. 12). Cirrus mus- tral canals, ventral to lateralmost lobes of ovary (Fig. 12); cular, occupies up to 60% (n = 30). Common genital atrium + ! 5 1 narrow, deep (Fig. 12). Genital pores alternating irregularly, Testes numerous, spherical, small, 50–70 in diameter, markedly pre-equatorial, situated at 23–41% (x = 31, n = 31) in 3 irregular layers (Figs. 13, 14), 279–420 in number of proglottid length from anterior margin (Fig. 11). ^ XQ5 3 H Ovary medullary, bilobed, follicular, with some dorsal by median line of proglottids (uterine stem) and vaginal ca- follicles penetrating between bundles of inner longitudinal Folia Parasitologica 2015, 62: 006 Page 4 of 10 " ;; { X 8 & ! " & # Type locality: > ! & 5 # 5 $ - ' ] X H1 " < 1 6 R # X5 8 " 8 # X " ;; { X 8 & ! " & # Fig. 13–18. Frezella vaucheri gen. n. et sp. n. from Tocantinsia piresi from Brazil. Fig. 13. Cross section at level of posterior part of ] 1 $ > 8X' M @<~=_#&H Q8M Figs. 14, 15. 6 ! _ ! 15 ! 1] 1 $ > 8X M 6 Scholzia emarginata q 5 QX + 1 # - ture is much less developed in S. emarginata compared to 5 3 5 the new species 6 + X U E. ma- Phractocephalus hemioliopterus $ 5 lopteruri, + + & and Electrotaenia malopteruri (Fritsch, alongside the midline on the dorsal side of proglottids (see QQ8 = @ 5 3 35 - 5 6 + ; 5 Malapterurus electricus = 5 & ! ! ^ + 1 5 a peculiar arrangement of the inner longitutinal muscula- 3 ;5 Endorchis piraeeba 5 3 ; U 5 + % % 5 - laterally similarly as it is in F. vaucheri, but the muscula- mentosum 5 # 1 - R # X5 8 " 8 # 8 " ;; { X 8 & ! " & # Table 1. # + 1 < Distribution Corallobothriinae Corallotaenia sp. Ageneiosus pardalis @ $ $ % q 3Q R ' 5 38X (Linnaeus) Endorchis auchenipteri Auchenipterus osteomystax # $ 6 + 2 333 5 3 ; 6 + 2 5 333 @ + Endorchis sp. Trachelyopterus striatulus # $ 6 + 2 333 Monticelliinae Ageneiosus inermis # $ 6 + 2 333 5 5 3 6 + 2 5 333 (Linnaeus), = # 3 A. militaris Valenciennes Goezella danbrooksi Ageneiosus pardalis @ $ $ % q 3Q 5 6 + 5 @ ^5 ; (Linnaeus) 6 + ;+ Nupeliinae Nupelia tomasi Trachelyopterus galeatus # $ 6 + 2 333 # ! 5 33 6 + 2 5 333 (Linnaeus), T. cf. striatulus # 1 Luciaella ivanovae Ageneiosus inermis # $ = # 3 5 3 ; = # 5 3 # Cangatiella arandasi Trachelyopterus galeatus # $ # ! @ 33 5 3 # ! @ 5 33 Frezella vaucheri gen. n. et sp. n. A # 1 Tocantinsia piresi* Zygobothriinae Gibsoniela mandube Ageneiosus inermis &5 # $ 3 X 5 5 3 5 3 X 3Q;5 33 5 6 + 2 333 Gibsoniela meursaulti Ageneiosus inermis, &5 # $ 3 X 5 6 + 2 5 333 A. militaris 33 5 6 + 2 333 1 ] @ $ M @ ! + ] # $ M # ! + ] & M & ' nae, e.g. Luciaella ivanovae = # 5 3 monticellia 5 3 ; M M Rudolphiella the auchenipterid Ageneiosus inermis (Linnaeus), resem- szidati = # 6 + 5 Q3M 8X ble the new cestode in the presence of some dorsal ovarian 3 ;5 6 + 33 5 6 + ^ 6 + 2 33M 2 3335 = # 6 + = # 3 < ! 5 The presence of a circular musculature in the suckers is species can be easily distinguished from F. vaucheri by the ! ^ ! 33; four types can be distinguished on the basis of its shape The presence of a chamber-like enlargement of the dis- 6 + 3 U 5 ^ ! 5 + ! ^ + 1 ! in two thirds of proglottids in F. vaucheri, is rare among circular musculature only slightly developed, such as proteocephalidean cestodes. The terminal part of the va- Brooksiella praeputialis (Zygobothriinae) from the cetop- gina of Mariauxiella pimelodi 6 + 5 33X5 sid Cetopsis caecutiens ^ & ' 6 a parasite of Pimelodus ornatus Pimelodus sp. Rudolphiella szidati = # 6 + 5 $ ' 5 5 + 1 1 ; 5 3 Luciopimelodus 6 + 33X % F. vaucheri, pati 2 # ~ - which is often asymmetrical R 5 3335 = # 6 + The precocious uterine aperture, which is present in 5 6 + ;+ F. vaucheri, has been reported in proteocephalideans para- sitising reptiles, such as species of Crepidobothrium Mon- DISCUSSION 5 Q33 Testudotaenia R ' 5 38X5 ^ 1 1 % 1 - eggs are laid immature through a longitudinal aperture in scription of genera or even subfamilies of proteocephali- ! 6 + 3QQ5 3Q3 5+5 5 & R ' 5 38 ] 6 + 3 6 + R ' 5 38X] = @ 5 3 35 The high number of the testes is a good discriminant M R ' 38X5 33;5 6 + ^ 1 Thaumasioscolex didel- @ 1 ^ ^ { phidis 6 _= ' 5 6 + '5 absence of this structure was considered to be the most more testes than F. vaucheri ; MX;Q vs M3M; - # 6 _= ' & 333 ! 1- other species from different subfamilies have a similar 6 + ; 5 <1 number of the testes, e.g. Proteocephalus paraguayensis X5 ' ! 5 3 M QM ;; 5 Monticellia ventrei de character of this morphological structure, the presence of 6 + 2 5 333 M X 5 Nomimoscolex ad- ^5 ^ - R # X5 8 " 8 # M " ;; { X 8 & ! " & # portance at least at the generic and species level (see, e.g. diagnosis. In addition, this diagnosis contains some errors, 6 + 2 3335 6 6 - such as the presence of a spined cirrus (“Cirrus armed with + Q5 ' P] 5 - $ % 3Q; - 5 1 ^ + Euzetiella tetraphylliformis 1 ^ # - 6 + 5 2 5 333 M 6 + " +1 ' 333 ^ + - (neck), e.g. Choanoscolex abscisus + 5 Q38 J 1 % X 333 ] +1 acetabula indistinguishable from those in cyclophyllidean the tissue around each sucker, e.g. Brooksiella praeputia- cestodes). A putative synapomorphy, i.e. the presence of lis 35 6 + ;+ ] simple gladiate microtriches, is also questionable and has to +1 ^ + + ! + of the suckers, e.g. Amphoteromorphus piraeeba - ! + 1 + - 5 3 ; Q5 3 6 + 2 M & 33M ; H ^ Frezella vaucheri somewhat resem- ! + 1 % 5 some of the ‘hooked’ tetraphyllidean-like cestodes such as 1 ^ - those of Acanthobothrium ! $ 5 Q;3 - erated around the base of the suckers). In fact, this metas- 5 ^ - ^ + 1 5 + J +1 ! ^ ' 5 1 + ! ^ with the anterior one strongly wrinkled and the posterior 1 1 ^ - 1 R & # - R + ! 5 # teocephalidea, Spatulifer maringaensis # ! 5 is retained as a valid order in the present paper, but future 3Q3 and Peltidocotyle lenha have a somewhat similar systematic studies should focus on a comparative analysis ^5 ' ^ 1 As far as the authors are aware, there are no data on the 6 ; parasites of Tocantinsia piresi, which occurs in the Ama- ' H ! + $ 5 R Acknowledgements. The authors are indebted to Aldenice de ~ ' # 5 R + # R $ # # 1 ; H ! + !- ! + H % iour (feeds mainly on fruits and seeds) and its feeding be- also due to Jan Brabec for help with sequencing and analysing se- haviour is directly affected by the hydrologic cycle, i.e. wet 5 + 5 % $ DJ ! & # ' 1 6 ! 3Q; 5 = ! @ 5 I % # = 1 \ 1 - ~ < 1 @ 5 = ! ration of its parasites. Frezella vaucheri thus represents the I < ' ' } ! R # M 6 - 1 % & ! H + - % I @ ^ ~ - H + < 1 @ 5 = ! H 1 +1 Based on a molecular phylogenetic study of tetraphyl- ‘Ciência sem fronteiras’ Brazilian program – visitant researcher _ % + 5 6 ; 1 ~ X{ 1 H $ ' } ! - R I 5 6 ~ proposed a new order, Onchoproteocephalidea, to accom- q ! ! 6 H 6~# I ! ^ + ! 1 ~ ;M; MM{ _ 5 ; X;{ _Q5 ; 88X{ _ 1 1 + $ 5 3 ] ~ R #$U ~ Q Q838 # @ 5 3 Q < !- Q QQ 5 U # 1 5 1 + 2 8 MM ;; 6' R #X X{ {= morphological synapomorphies were provided in its brief # 2 & +1 6~# REFERENCES &ǓǓdžDžǐǏDžǐ ~ I 5 Dždž 6ljǂǎǃǓNJdžǓ & 5 =NJǍ Dždž #džǓǕNJdžǓǓǂ & & teocephalidea) from Pseudoplatystoma fasciatum # " - " & @ - # ! + & R # " # 5 Pseudoplatystoma fasciatum 8 " ;8 M;M # " # ! $ & 5 &ǔlj & 5 DŽljǐǍǛ H 5 Dždž 6ljǂǎǃǓNJdžǓ & 5 $ǓǂǃdžDŽ I 5 Ǔǐǔ @ 5 with comments on microtriches of proteocephalideans. Folia ǂǓ # 5 6ljǂǗǂǏ 5 @ǂǓNJǂǖǙ I ! Gan- # 8 " ;QM X8 gesia 6 " # U 1 " &ǓǓdžDžǐǏDžǐ ~ I 5 =NJǍ Dždž #džǓǕNJdžǓǓǂ & & " Margaritaella 15 # ~ gracilis " # 5 M" ;8; of Callichthys callichthys # " # $ǂǓǓǐǔ R $ " ! ^ ! - ! + 5 & R # X3" 33M 8 ' & M H @ 5 & ' 5 $ &ǓǓdžDžǐǏDžǐ ~ I 5 =NJǍ Dždž #džǓǕNJdžǓǓǂ & & 5 Dždž 6ljǂǎǃǓNJdžǓ & & ' ;" Q8M ;" & Pseudocrepidobothrium 6 " # - R # X5 8 " 8 # Q " ;; { X 8 & ! " & # $Ǔǐǐnjǔ q 5 qdžǂǓDžǐǓLJLJ5 H 3Q " H - Dždž 6ljǂǎǃǓNJdžǓ & 5 džLjǐ & & 5 2ǂǖDŽljdžǓ 6 333" Euzetiella 6 + 5 Nomimo- tetraphylliformis 5 5 " # 5 scolex alovarius @ " 1 + # parasite du poisson d’eau douce néotropical Paulicea luetkeni $ ;M" XM 5 # # 8" ; M;M $Ǔǐǐnjǔ q 5 ǂǔǎǖǔǔdžǏ = 3Q;" # Dždž 6ljǂǎǃǓNJdžǓ & 5 DŽljǐǍǛ H Q" H 6 " # - 2 ' 5 @ - Sorubimichthys planiceps # $ 3M" M;QMM8 " # & ' ! R # - 6ǂNJǓǂ I ~ 5 IdžǏǔdžǏ 5 ǂdžǔDŽljdžǏǃǂDŽlj & 5 ǍǔǐǏ # q 5 NJǕ- sitol. XX" MM Q ǕǍdžǘǐǐDž q H I ;" M 1 - Dždž 6ljǂǎǃǓNJdžǓ & 5 DŽljǐǍǛ H 5 UǃǓǂljdždžǎ @ < ; " - ! ^ 1 % 1 scription of Electrotaenia malopteruri R 5 QQ8 6 - U I # ;;" XXMM " # 5 Malapterurus electricus 6ǂDzdžDžǂ_=ǖǛǎǤǏ U 6 5 Dždž 6ljǂǎǃǓNJdžǓ & 5 DŽljǐǍǛ H " " @ 1 1 # XM" Thaumasioscolex didelphidis " # - 3MM 3 teocephalidae) from the black-eared opossum Didelphis marsu- Dždž 6ljǂǎǃǓNJdžǓ & 5 DŽljǐǍǛ H 5 ǖDŽljǕǂ ;" H ^ pialis @ ^ 5 R 6 " # - I # . QM" 8 3M8;M & ' " + % - 6ǂǓǗǂǍljǐ R @ 5 Dždž džǔdžǏDždž 3Q;" & + 1 # QM" M 3 Tocantinsia depressa 5 & & ' - Dždž 6ljǂǎǃǓNJdžǓ & 5 DŽljǐǍǛ H 5 ǖDŽljǕǂ 5 #ǐǔdžǍ # 5 Q" MM M @ǐǓǕdžǏǕljǂǍdžǓ @ 5 6ljǖǒǖNJǑNJǐǏDžǐ =ǖǂǓDžNJǂ 6 8" H - Dždž 6ljǂǎǃǓNJdžǓ & 3QQ" Crepidobothrium garzonii n. sp. (Cestoda: 6 " # & ' # Bothrops alternatus Dum. Bibr. ! # 6 # M " M ¼ q 5 QX; " 2 # 1 ! Dždž 6ljǂǎǃǓNJdžǓ & 5 2ǂǖDŽljdžǓ 6 33M" ! Zool. 3X" 8 M M @ 3 ; ' Brachy- Dždž 6ljǂǎǃǓNJdžǓ & 3Q3 " ! Crepidoboth- ! Endorchis rium @ 5 3 6 " # 5 3 ; Nomimoscolex 5 3 ; 1 # - R ^ U C. gerrardii $ 5 Q8 C. vi- M" 3M peris $ 5 3 ! 38" 3 M M Dždž 6ljǂǎǃǓNJdžǓ & 5 2ǂǖDŽljdžǓ 6 333" # @ - Dždž 6ljǂǎǃǓNJdžǓ & 3Q3+" ! Crepidoboth- " # rium @ 5 3 6 " # R # 1 ! R ! R ^ Crepidobothrium dollfusi Freze, ^ ! ! 8" 8XM ; 38X5 Crepidobothrium lachesidis @ 6 5 3 - Dždž 6ljǂǎǃǓNJdžǓ & 5 džljǏDždžǓ @ # 5 2ǂǖDŽljdžǓ 6 5 @ǂǓNJǂǖǙ I ! 38" ;XM Q ; " H ! # # 1 5 Dždž 6ljǂǎǃǓNJdžǓ & 33 " Proteocephalus para- + 1 15 guayensis 5 3 M 6 " # ! 1 # XM" Hydrodynastes gigas q 5 $ + ¼ q 5 QX; # 1 X3M M 1 # 8" QXM3M 6ljdžǓǗǚ 3" } 1 " Dždž 6ljǂǎǃǓNJdžǓ & " & & ' 5 Ama- a proposal from the international workshops on cestode system- zotaenia yvettae 5 5 " # M Q R # X8" 33M and 6ǐǒǖNJǍǍdž 6 5 Dždž 6ljǂǎǃǓNJdžǓ & Q" Cairaella henrii gen. B. vaillanti # ! Q" M 8 n. sp. n., a parasite of Norops trachyderma # 1 5 Dždž 6ljǂǎǃǓNJdžǓ & 5 &Ǎ ǂǍǍǂnj ~ < 5 @ǂǓNJǂǖǙ I " & Ophiotaenia nicoleae " # 5 new tapeworm Postgangesia inarmata " # - a parasite of Thecadactylus rapicauda = %% " = 5 Silurus glanis - R # XX" 3MM 8 U = RǓǐdžǔdž 5 #ǂǖǍǚ q ) ;" R $ + - 1 # XX" 33M 3 + 5 + 5 8{ ; Dždž 6ljǂǎǃǓNJdžǓ & 5 $NJǏlj H H 5 DŽljǐǍǛ H " Ophiotaenia RǓdžǛdž 2 U 38X" 6 1 2 2 # - bungari n. sp. (Cestoda), a parasite of Bungarus fasciatus - R 5 & + ~ % 5 @ 5 X Q " 2 5 U ] 5 U # relative ovarian size as a new and potentially useful diagnostic H 5 3835 6 ~ QX ! \ X3M 1 # Q " =NJǍ Dždž #džǓǕNJdžǓǓǂ & & 3" Luciaella ivanovae n. g., n. sp. 3MX " # " # 1 5 Dždž 6ljǂǎǃǓNJdžǓ & 5 6ǐǒǖNJǍǍdž 6 5 HnjǂDŽlj 2 5 @ǂǓNJǂǖǙ I Ageneiosus inermis " & & - 3" Testudotaenia testudo @ 5 3 ; 1 # M " M MQ " # 5 Apalone spinifera =NJǍ Dždž #džǓǕNJdžǓǓǂ & & 5 Dždž 6ljǂǎǃǓNJdžǓ & " Rudolphiella " H 1 Amia calva # " szidati # " @ 5 - Amiidae) in North America and erection of Testudotaeniinae n. linae) parasite of Luciopimelodus pati 2 5 Q; + 1 # M " ;3M8; # " # & + ! Dždž 6ljǂǎǃǓNJdžǓ & 5 džLjǐ & & 33X" Mariauxiella pimelodi n. g., Rudolphiella lobosa + 5 Q3X ! M" n. sp. (Cestoda: Monticelliidae): a parasite of pimelodid siluroid Q M3X & 1 # " XMM8X <ǚǑȪǂ 2 5 ŠnjdžȦǯnjǐǗǤ & 5 DŽljǐǍǛ H X" @ 1 Dždž 6ljǂǎǃǓNJdžǓ & 5 džLjǐ & & 5 =NJǍ Dždž #džǓǕNJdžǓǓǂ & & X" and secondary structure characters in a reconstruction of phyl- " # - 15 ! _ # - cephalidea), parasites of Phractocephalus hemioliopterus - # 1 " X3M M uriformes) from the Amazon and proposition of Scholzia gen. n. @dždžǔ = R 3M;" H & # - ! " M XMMX # 5 ~ 2 " M X8 Dždž 6ljǂǎǃǓNJdžǓ & 5 džLjǐ & & 5 @ǂǓNJǂǖǙ I ;+" @dždžǔ = R 3Q;" & Tocantinsia # 5 ~ - of Brooksiella praeputialis and Goezeella siluri " # - 5 & & ' 3" M ; teocephalidea), parasites of Cetopsis coecutiens @NJǓǂǏDžǂ NJǃdžNJǓǐ & 3 " # ^ ^ 6 6 from the Amazon and proposition of Goezeella danbrooksi sp. H @ _= & - ! " M ' 5 & ^ o X < ~ " XQ" M X R # X5 8 " 8 # 3 doi: 10.14411/fp.2015.006 Alves et al.: A new cestode genus (Proteocephalidea) Ǔǐǔ @ 5 DŽljǐǍǛ H 5 <ǂǏǛdžǍǐǗǤ 2 5 @ǂDŽnjNJdžǘNJDŽnj I 2010: džLjǐ & & 5 6ljǖǃǃ I 6 5 #ǂǗǂǏdžǍǍNJ = 6 333" 6 ^ 1 ' 6 1 1 & " % 1 + - # " scription of species. Rev. Bras. Zool. 16: 299–367. Folia Parasitol. 57: 37–46. džNJǔ " 6 ! & - #ǂǗǂǏdžǍǍNJ = 6 5 @ǂDŽljǂDžǐ Džǐǔ ǂǏǕǐǔ @ < 1991: Cangatiella U É+ ;M" 8XMM arandasi 5 6 " # 5 DŽljǎNJDžǕ = q 3Q8" 6 6 < + % H U Parauchenipterus galeatus " & 6 6 # U 5 $ 5 R 5 8MX Rio Parana. Rev. Bras. Biol. 7: 535–539. DŽljǐǍǛ H 5 Dždž 6ljǂǎǃǓNJdžǓ & 5 ǖDŽljǕǂ 5 NJǕǕǍdžǘǐǐDž q H I 5 džLjǐ & & 3Q;" # & ' ǂdžǔDŽljdžǏǃǂDŽlj & 2013: 6 " " 1 + +1 # 5 + % Xenopeltis uni- Woodland as Anthobothrium H 1 & & ' ;" color " ^ ! ! ^ 8; " ;QXM 86–94. 499. džLjǐ & & 1992: Redescription of Gibsoniela mandube (Wood- DŽljǐǍǛ H 5 Dždž 6ljǂǎǃǓNJdžǓ & 5 @ǂǓNJǂǖǙ I 5 ǖDŽljǕǂ 2011: 5 3 X 6 " # 5 Ageneio- Redescription of Corallobothrium solidum 6 " # - # " - cephalidea) and erection of a new genus, Essexiella, for tape- @ U 6 ' U I # 3M" ; _ 87: 417–422. 1151. džLjǐ & & 33;" # @ 5 3 Q U " R - ǐǐDžǍǂǏDž ~ R 3 ;" & 5 5 & I & $ 1 5 1 6 # + 1 5 Myzophorus admon- 2 + 6&$ U 5 5 XMM 3 ticellia, gen. and sp. n., parasitic in Pirinampus džLjǐ & & 333" ^ 1 & ' # 1 8" ; M ;3 ~ @ U ǐǐDžǍǂǏDž ~ R 3 X" % + 6 ' 3;" MMX & ' # 1 M" MM X ! ; I ; & M & ; # + I 1 X Cite this article as: & ! # 2 5 6 + & 5 ' H 5 I X" & - 6 5 Tocantinsia piresi " & $ ' R Parasitol. 62: 006. Folia Parasitologica 2015, 62: 006 Page 10 of 10