SUSTAINABLE DEVELOPMENT OF WARSAW 2014 – 2015 SUSTAINABLE DEVELOPMENT OF WARSAW 2014 – 2015
WARSAW’S THIRD INTEGRATED REPORT INTRODUCTION OF THE MAYOR OF THE CAPITAL CITY OF WARSAW 5 INTRODUCTION OF THE MAYOR OF THE CAPITAL CITY OF WARSAW ABOUT THE REPORT 6
1. KEY FACTS ABOUT WARSAW 8
1.1. The quality of life 10 1.2. City of Warsaw 11 1.2.1. City of Warsaw’s structure 11 1.2.2. City of Warsaw employment 12 1.2.3. Code of Conduct for City of Warsaw’s Employees 13 Welcome to the Report on Sustainable Development of Warsaw, showing data for 2014-2015.
The development of the city can be described 2. ECONOMIC FACTORS. BUDGET AND INVESTMENT 14 on many levels. This report, which you have in front 2.1. Revenue 14 of you, illustrates Warsaw’s actions in the context 2.2. Expenditure 16 of sustainable development in social, economic 2.3. Investment 18 and environmental aspects. The document provides residents and all other stakeholders comprehensive and synthetic information about the functioning of the city as well as its impact on the environment. 3. SOCIAL FACTORS. QUALITY OF LIFE 20 The report is using the G4 guidelines of the Global Reporting Initiative, the most popular current reporting model 3.1. Dialogue with stakeholders 20 3.1.1. Public consultations and participatory budget 21 as well as includes the international indicators of ISO37120, which depicts sustainable urban development. By applying 3.2. Education 22 international and universal standards, the report outcomes can be compared on a global scale. 3.2.1. Education as shown by opinion polls 24 3.3. Culture 25 3.3.1. Activities of cultural institutions 26 The two previous editions of the report gained the interest of the wide range of stakeholders of the city as well 3.3.2. Culture as shown by polls 28 as experts in the field of sustainability reporting. That is why this edition broadly put forward Varsovians important 3.4. Public security and crisis management 28 issues, such as participatory budget, safety or air quality. 3.4.1. Security as shown by opinion polls 30 3.5. Health 31 3.5.1. Healthcare as shown by opinion polls 32 In the process of city management, we follow the needs to ensure all taken actions in the city are done in a sustainable 3.6. Sports and recreation 32 way, respecting the environment and creating a friendly public space. Wide spectrum of presented information shows 3.7. Transport 33 3.8. Social assistance 35 the transparency of the city’s actions. This document is also an example of a good practice that that could be multiplied by other local governments.
I cordially invite you to familiarize yourself with the Report on the Sustainable Development of Warsaw 2014-2015. 4. ENVIRONMENTAL ASPECT. GREEN WARSAW 37 I hope that reading the Report will be interesting and useful for you as well as a helpful compendium of knowledge 4.1. Energy 38 about the capital city of Warsaw. 4.1.1. Energy efficiency 42 4.1.2. Renewable energy sources 42 4.1.3. Energy security 43 4.2. Emissions to the air 44 4.3. Noise 46 4.3.1. Traffic noise 46 4.3.2. Air traffic, rail (train and tram) and industrial noise (noise from other areas of activities) 47 4.4. Green areas and nature in the city 47 4.4.1. Protected areas 50 4.4.2. Objectives of Warsaw’s spatial planning policy 51 4.5. Water and sanitation infrastructure 52 Mayor of Warsaw 4.6. Sewage 55 Hanna Gronkiewicz-Waltz 4.7. Waste 58 4.7.1. The development of waste management infrastructure 61
INDEX OF INDICATORS 62 ABOUT THE REPORT ISO 37120 guidelines were adhered to along the way and the end result was the identification of the material reporting aspects for staff. The report provides information on the following aspects: In 2013, Warsaw was the world’s first city to have produced a sustainable development report based on the latest version of the Global Reporting Initiative G4 standard. TABLE 1 – Reporting aspects
This is already the third edition of the Report. It deals with 2014 and 2015 data, unless otherwise indicated. Aspects Aspect’s internal Aspect’s external impact impact The 2014-2015 Sustainable Development of Warsaw Report provides a comprehensive overview of Warsaw’s Economic finance sustainability efforts: – from infrastructure development to energy-efficiency improvement projects, to environmental governance protection, to efforts aimed at making Warsaw a more and more sustainable and friendly urban organism which is Social education culture always attentive to its residents, tourists and a variety of institutions that operate within it. Fire and emergency response health care THIS BROAD PERSPECTIVE OFFERS GREATER TRANSPARENCY OF, AND INSIGHT recreation INTO, WARSAW’S EFFORTS. THE FACT THAT THE CITY HAS PRODUCED SUCH safety A DOCUMENT ALONE SHOWS ITS COMMITMENT TO GOOD PRACTICES THAT ARE social assistance telecommunications and WELL-WORTH REPLICATING IN OTHER CITIES. innovation transport METHODOLOGY Environmental energy environment waste Global Reporting Initiative (GRI G4) guidelines have been used in this Report for comparability with previous editions. spatial planning Warsaw publishes sustainable development reports at least every two years. So far, reports for 2012 and 2013 have sewage been published. This report deals with 2014 and 2015 data. Reporting continuity allows a discussion of trends in water and sanitation Warsaw’s quality of life and environmental impact as they change. It uses the indicators defined by ISO 37120:2014 to infrastructure measure the sustainable development of cities. The GRI G4 and ISO 37120:2014 indicators used are listed in a table at the end of the Report. Each of these aspects has both internal and external impacts. They are described in more detail later in the report.
As prescribed by GRI G4, the first step in the preparation of this report was to evaluate the previous report. For the first In addition to City of Warsaw’s own data, the Report uses data from the Central Statistical Office of Poland, the Warsaw time, Warsaw polled a range of the city’s stakeholders to find out what they expected from the report. Statistical Office, the Warsaw Police Headquarters, the Warsaw Transport Authority and other entities.
The survey was put on the City of Warsaw’s website and social networking sites, and also distributed by e-mail The Report did not undergo an internal review. If necessary, any information contained in it may be revised. to Warsaw’s stakeholders – residents, institutions, public services, agencies, media. This Report has been produced under the Cooperation Agreement between Warsaw and partners to the CSR Manager To complement the survey, an in-house workshop was held involving City of Warsaw representatives of key relevance study programme – Collegium Civitas and CSRinfo, with close cooperation between City of Warsaw’s Infrastructure staff. Department (Leszek Drogosz and Dorota Kunicka) and the Project Team comprising CSR Manager programme students – Monika Błaszczak, Katarzyna Czajkowska, Joanna Gorczyca, Marta Piskorz, Agnieszka Więcek. The team worked under THESE TWO MEASURES YIELDED AN EVALUATION OF WARSAW’S REPORTING the guidance of Liliana Anam (CSRinfo), Prof. Adam Sułkowski (Babson College) and in cooperation with Magdalena ASPECTS, I.E. THE CORE ISSUES ADDRESSED IN THE SUSTAINABLE DEVELOPMENT Obłoza (CSRinfo). REPORT. FOR THESE ISSUES, REPRESENTATIVE GRI G4 REPORTING INDICATORS WERE SELECTED. IN THE PROCESS, THE REPORT’S STRUCTURE AND THE INDICATOR THE PROJECT TEAM WISH TO THANK EVERYONE INVOLVED IN DRAWING UP THE LIST WERE UPDATED. SUSTAINABLE DEVELOPMENT OF WARSAW REPORT. OUR SPECIAL THANKS GO TO CITY OF WARSAW’S STAFF.
6 SUSTAINABLE DEVELOPMENT OF WARSAW 2014 – 2015 SUSTAINABLE DEVELOPMENT OF WARSAW 2014 – 2015 7 WARSAW AS A PARTNER TO IMPORTANT INTERNATIONAL INITIATIVES
The Covenant of Mayors A European movement of local and regional authorities which voluntarily commit to reduce CO2 emissions and increase energy efficiency and the use of renewable energy sources on their territories 1. KEY FACTS ABOUT WARSAW (www.porozumienieburmistrzow.eu).
Organisations of cities, including • Association of Polish Cities (www.zmp.poznan.pl/), Official name: City of Warsaw • C40 Cities Climate Leadership Group (www.c40.org), Organisation’s office: • EUROCITIES – the network of major European cities (www.eurocities.eu), Urząd Miasta Stołecznego Warszawy • ICLEI: Local Governments for Sustainability (www.iclei.org). Plac Bankowy 3/5 00-950 Warszawa, Polska PARTICIPATION IN EXTERNALLY FUNDED PROJECTS Promotional slogan Fall in Love with Warsaw Website: www.um.warszawa.pl ADAPTCITY – the project is aimed at promoting the implementation of new measures to support climate Facebook: www.facebook.com/warszawa change adaptation in metropolitan areas, including preparing an awareness campaign; Twitter:www.twitter.com/warszawa Legal form: City of Warsaw is a munipality with district (poviat) rights; its by-laws are available on STEP_BY_STEP the project aims to encourage residents to change their energy use behaviour, reduce energy www.bip.warszawa.pl/Menu_podmiotowe/Warszawa/statut.htm consumption for environmental purposes and change their habits to “make our life together better”. Mayor of Warsaw is the city’s executive authority. The mayor is elected in free, equal and direct elections. The Warsaw City Council is the decision-making and supervisory body HIT2GAP – the objective of this project is to develop and advance new methods for a better measurement Warsaw is divided into 18 districts: Bemowo, Białołęka, Bielany, Mokotów, Ochota, Praga-Południe, of energy consumption in a building or block of buildings by reducing the gap between the predicted and actual Praga-Północ, Rembertów, Śródmieście, Targówek, Ursus, Ursynów, Wawer, Wesoła, Wilanów, Włochy, Wola, performances. Żoliborz Combined, City of Warsaw and 18 District Offices employ 8,062 individuals, who serve a population of 1,748,916 URBAN LEARNING -the objective of this project is to improve the understanding and competence of the Warsaw’s key organisational units and municipal companies include employees of city authorities and energy authorities with regard to integrated energy planning, urban redevelopment • Zarząd Transportu Miejskiego in Warsaw (transport), Miejskie Zakłady Autobusowe sp. z o.o. (municipal planning, and integrated green retrofit schemes. operator of buses) Tramwaje Warszawskie sp. z o.o. (operator of trams), Metro Warszawskie sp. z o.o. (operator of the metro), Szybka Kolej Miejska sp. z o.o (operator of the fast city rail), • Miejskie Przedsiębiorstwo Wodociągów i Kanalizacji w m.st. Warszawie S.A. (water supply, wastewater disposal and treatment), • Miejskie Przedsiębiorstwo; Oczyszczania w m.st. Warszawie sp. z o.o. (solid waste management), • Zarząd Oczyszczania Miasta Warszawa (order and greenery in the city)
WARSAW BY NUMBERS: AREA: 517.24 KM², POPULATION DENSITY: 3,381 PEOPLE PER 1 SQ KM POPULATION: 1,748,916 Source: Warsaw Statistics, as at 30 June 2016
8 SUSTAINABLE DEVELOPMENT OF WARSAW 2014 – 2015 SUSTAINABLE DEVELOPMENT OF WARSAW 2014 – 2015 9 1.1. THE QUALITY OF LIFE
In 2015 another quality-of-life survey was conducted among the residents of all of the 18 districts of Warsaw staff. The survey was conduced between September and November 2015 among a random representative sample of the residents of Warsaw’s districts aged 15 or more. The results are shown in Chart 1.
CHART 1 – Quality of life in Warsaw
Source: The 2015 quality-of-life survey among the residents of Warsaw’s districts www.jakosczycia.um.warszawa.pl
1.2. CITY OF WARSAW
1.2.1. CITY OF WARSAW’S STRUCTURE
City of Warsaw’s organisational chart is based on City of Warsaw’s Organisational Rules and Regulations – see Figure 1. Departments are the key organisational units of City of Warsaw.
TABLE 2 – Organisational chart of City of Warsaw (simplified)
Source: prepared by City of Warsaw based on bip.um.warszawa.pl
10 SUSTAINABLE DEVELOPMENT OF WARSAW 2014 – 2015 SUSTAINABLE DEVELOPMENT OF WARSAW 2014 – 2015 11 1.2.2. CITY OF WARSAW EMPLOYMENT TABLE 5 – The number and percentage of City of Warsaw’s employees by gender in 2014-2015
women men year A total of 7,902 employees (53 more than in 2013) were directly employed by City of Warsaw and 18 District Offices in number % number % 2014. In 2015 City of Warsaw had a staff of 8,062 (160 more than in 2014). 2014 5,667 72% 2,235 28% 2015 5,770 72% 2,292 28%
TABLE 6 – The number and percentage of City of Warsaw’s employees by age in 2014-2015 TABLE 3 – The number of employees at City of Warsaw in 2014-2015 by type of employment and contract up to 30 31-50 over 50 year number % number % number % 2014 927 12% 4,221 53% 2,754 35% Employees by position, type of contract and gender in 2014-2015 2015 816 10% 4,449 55% 2,797 35%
. indefinite fixed-term replacement for the term in office Total Source: prepared by City of Warsaw women men women men women men women men women men 2014 5,066 1,945 284 142 307 113 7 38 5,664 2,238 2015 5,057 1,947 374 185 329 107 10 53 5,770 2,292 1.2.3. CODE OF CONDUCT FOR CITY OF WARSAW’S EMPLOYEES Source: prepared by City of Warsaw unit Adopted under Ordinance 276/2007 of the Mayor of Warsaw of 28 March 2007, as amended, the “Code of Conduct for City of Warsaw’s Employees” is designed to make the concept of an honest, open and friendly local government administration a reality. Adherence to these standards ensures that City of Warsaw’s staff is competent and responsible. TABLE 4 – The ratio of the average basic salary for men and women on certain positions to the average salary at City Responsibility for making sure that the employees abide by the Code of Conduct, resolving any doubts and conflicts of Warsaw with regard to gifts recorded in the Register of Interest, and for monitoring compliance with the Code of Conduct lies with the Plenipotentiary for Ethical Matters. In cooperation with the Human Resources & Training Department, the Stanowisko stosunek średniego Stosunek stosunek średniego Stosunek Plenipotentiary also deals with the preparation of employee training courses in ethics. wynagrodzenia zasad. dla wynagrodzenia wynagrodzenia zasad. dla wynagrodzenia płci do średniego zasad. kobiet do płci do średniego zasad. kobiet do wynagrodzenia zasad. wynagrodzenia wynagrodzenia zasad. wynagrodzenia The Code of Conduct for City of Warsaw’s Employees sets out a number of guiding principles for employees’ conduct. ogółem, gdzie 1 oznacza zasad. mężczyzn ogółem, gdzie 1 oznacza zasad. mężczyzn These are: średnie wynagrodzenie (31.12.2014) średnie wynagrodzenie (31.12.2015) zasad. dla stanowiska zasad. dla stanowiska the rule of law, (31.12.2014) (31.12.2015) hontesty and conscientiousness, kobiety mężczyźni kobiety mężczyźni transparency, Burmistrz 0,997 1,000 0,997 0,986 1,002 0,985 professionalism, Dyrektor Biura 1,004 0,997 1,007 1,000 1,000 0,999 impartiality, Główny Księgowy 1,001 0,991 1,009 1,001 0,978 1,023 co-responsibility. Główny Specjalista 0,992 1,022 0,971 0,992 1,022 0,970 Inspektor 0,997 1,010 0,987 0,996 1,012 0,984 Pursuant to the Code, the Human Resources & Training Department keeps a “Register of Interests”, which is part Kierownik Działu 1,003 0,989 1,014 0,951 1,001 0,950 of City of Warsaw’s anti-corruption policy. City of Warsaw’s employees who receive a gift with an estimated value Kierownik Zespołu 1,006 0,994 1,012 1,017 0,983 1,034 of more than PLN 100 must report this in writing in the “Register of Interests” within 7 days. In the event of a Młodszy Referent 0,996 1,013 0,983 0,999 1,003 0,996 conflict of interest between private matters and official business which represents non-compliance with the principle Podinspektor 0,998 1,008 0,989 0,997 1,009 0,988 of honesty and conscientiousness, the employee concerned must fill in an appropriate declaration. Under the Code, City Prezydent 1,000 - - 1,000 - - of Warsaw’s employees are also obliged to comply with the European Code of Good Administrative Behaviour, which Referent 1,003 0,986 1,017 0,995 1,013 0,983 was adopted by the European Parliament on 6 September 2001. Specjalista 1,010 0,984 1,027 0,987 1,018 0,969 Starszy Specjalista - - - 0,972 1,018 0,955 Source: Code of Conduct for City of Warsaw’s Employees www.um.warszawa.pl Zastępca Burmistrza 1,000 1,000 1,000 1,006 0,999 1,007 Dzielnicy
Zastępca Dyrektora 0,997 1,004 0,993 0,999 1,001 0,998
Source: prepared by City of Warsaw unit
12 SUSTAINABLE DEVELOPMENT OF WARSAW 2014 – 2015 SUSTAINABLE DEVELOPMENT OF WARSAW 2014 – 2015 13 CHART 3 – Budget revenues of cities per capita Budget revenues of cities per capita
2. ECONOMIC FACTORS. BUDGET AND INVESTMENT
2.1. REVENUE
City of Warsaw’s revenue makeup has stayed largely the same in 2014 and 2015. Revenues from income tax paid by the residents, corporate taxes and other local taxes, and levies continue to be the largest component of City of Warsaw’s revenues. Other components, including revenue from government administration services, subsidies from budgets of other local-government units, revenue from sales of entry tickets to municipal institutions and other municipal charges, have a fairly substantial share of the revenue, too. The 2014-2020 EU funding is also a major contributor to development objectives. In 2015 City of Warsaw recorded total revenues of PLN 14.3 billion.
CHART 2 – Warsaw’s Revenue Breakdown Source: Prepared by City of Warsaw based on data available on www.naszakasa.org.pl
CHART 4 – Proportion of internal revenues in total revenues Income tax paid by Varsovians
2015 Tax paid by companies based in Warsaw Proportion of internal revenues in total EU funding for projects revenues of communes Warsaw’s property (lease, 100% perpetual usufruct, disposal) 90% 78% 79% Local taxes and charges paid by 80% 75% Varsovians 70% State budget 2014 60%
Other sources 50% 40% 30% 20% 0% 20% 40% 60% 80% 100% 10% 0% 2013 2014 2015 Source: Prepared by City of Warsaw, based on data available on https://www.um.warszawa.pl
Warsaw has the largest budget among Poland’s voivodeship cities (more than three times the budget of Kraków, almost Source: Prepared by City of Warsaw based on data available on www.um.warszawa.pl four times the budget of Wrocław, and five times the budget of Gdańsk). The gap between these cities is much smaller in terms of revenue per capita.
14 SUSTAINABLE DEVELOPMENT OF WARSAW 2014 – 2015 SUSTAINABLE DEVELOPMENT OF WARSAW 2014 – 2015 15 CHART 5 – List of revenue and expenditure (PLN bn) PICTURE 1 – expenditure in 2015
14.5 14.31
14 13.78
13.45 13.5
13 12.89
12.5 12.22 12.14
12
11.5
Source: Prepared by City of Warsaw based on data available on www.um.warszawa.pl
Source: prepared by City of Warsaw
PICTURE 2 – expenditure in 2014 2.2. EXPENDITURE
WARSAW’S EXPENDITURE IN 2014 AMOUNTED TO PLN 13,452,000,000, WITH A SLIGHT DROP TO 12,894,000,000 IN 2015. PUBLIC TRANSPORT AND EDUCATION ARE WARSAW’S LARGEST EXPENDITURE COMPONENTS.
PARTICIPATORY BUDGET
Warsaw uses participatory budgeting, where its residents have a direct influence over how a portion of the public budget will be spent. In 2013 Warsaw held its first public consultation on the 2015 participatory budget. A total of PLN 26 mln was set aside for the first edition of the Warsaw participatory budget, with each district contributing 0,5% to 1,1% of their budgets. Of this amount, 98.65% was spent.
Source: prepared by City of Warsaw
16 SUSTAINABLE DEVELOPMENT OF WARSAW 2014 – 2015 SUSTAINABLE DEVELOPMENT OF WARSAW 2014 – 2015 17 2.3. INVESTMENT The largest projects completed in 2015 included: further construction of new sections of line 2 of the metro; CHART 6 – Proportion of investment expenditure in total expenditure further construction of Świętokrzyska Thoroughfare and Nowolazurowa St., and further upgrades of the circulation Proportion of investment expenditure route between Marsa St. and Żołnierska St.; the extension of the Kabaty Technical and Holding Station used by lines 1 and 2 of the metro; 20% the extension of the circulation route between Zwoleńska St. and Żegańska St., including passage under the 17.66% 18% Warsaw–Lublin rail road; 15.57% 16% the construction of Wołoska St. along the section from Racławicka St. to Konstruktorska St.; 14% further preparatory activities for the construction of Krasińskiego thoroughfare; 12% 10.42% further remodelling and upgrading of the Grochowski Hospital; 10% Proportion of invest further extension and upgrade of the Warsaw Children’s Hospital (Warszawski Szpital dla Dzieci); 8% further remodelling and extension of the Praski Hospital;
6% the opening of Mazovia’s first geriatric ward at the Wolski Hospital;
4% the upgrade of the Museum of Warsaw buildings in the Old Town Market Place;
2% the upgrade of the Congress Hall at the Palace of Culture and Science.
Source: Prepared by City of Warsaw based on data available on www.um.warszawa.pl
Also, Warsaw funded a number of projects in 2015 under 2015-2022 strategic programmes. These included the Vistula TABLE 7 – Investment expenditure (PLN bn) District, the renewal of the Praga district, the development of social housing, the development of education, local centres, and the development of a network of nurseries. 2013 2014 2015 PLN 1.891 bn PLN 2.375 bn PLN 1.344 bn Investment in the transport infrastructure is paying off. As shown by the “Barometr Warszawski” opinion polls, the people of Warsaw are clearly seeing improvement in the quality of public transport and roads. The quality of roads and Source: Prepared by City of Warsaw based on data available on www.um.warszawa.pl transport in 2014 were assessed as “Good” by 50% and 79% of the respondends, respectively. The corresponding figures for 2015 were 80% and 88%, respectively. EACH YEAR MORE THAN 70% OF WARSAW’S INVESTMENT EXPENDITURE GOES FOR TRANSPORT- AND ROAD-RELATED PROJECTS, mostly involving the expansion of the metro system and road transport improvements. The rest is spent on retrofitting hospitals, schools, nurseries and preschools.
The year 2014 saw the completion of the central section of line 2 of the metro, including the procurement of rolling stock. This had been the largest local-government project ever carried out in Warsaw and Poland; it involved EU funding. Other projects involving major expenditures included: the construction of Nowolazurowa St. along the section from Al. Jerozolimskie St. to the AK Thoroughfare; the construction of the Świętokrzyska Route along the section from Wybrzeże Szczecińskie St. to Zamoyskiego St.; the upgrade of Świętokrzyska St., the reconstruction (extension) of Prosta St. along the section between Rondo Daszyńskiego roundabout and Rondo ONZ roundabout; the reconstruction of viducts along Łazienkowska Thoroughfare at the Warsaw interchange and Praga interchange.
18 SUSTAINABLE DEVELOPMENT OF WARSAW 2014 – 2015 SUSTAINABLE DEVELOPMENT OF WARSAW 2014 – 2015 19 The city also operates a website on which it provides updates on ongoing public consultations http://konsultacje. um.warszawa.pl/konsultacje. City of Warsaw has been involved in a number of initiatives to measure resident satisfaction. These include regular statistical surveys and resident satisfaction surveys dealing with a variety of spheres of life, 3. SOCIAL FACTORS. QUALITY OF LIFE public consultations, in-depth quality-of-life surveys. 3.1. DIALOGUE WITH STAKEHOLDERS The NGO and local government communities in Warsaw cooperate through the Social Dialogue Committee. This Warsaw is the key driver of Poland’s economic and social development. It is committed to engaging in a dialogue with Committee positions NGOs as partners involved in working out solutions relevant to the individual areas of public stakeholders to define and pursue sustainable development objectives. The city has identified its core and peripheral administration in the city. Also, a Social Dialogue Forum has been in place to strengthen this cooperation. Warsaw stakeholder groups which influence, or are influenced by, its activities. Table 8 shows their needs and expectations as not only cooperates with the third sector in the implementation of sustainable development policies, but also awards reflected in Warsaw’s core functional and development strategy. subsidies and small grants to third-sector organsiations. Also, the city has run since 2010 a contest for best non- government initiatives, called S3EKTOR, which is open for both legal and natural persons. TABLE 8 – Warsaw’s stakeholders
Citizen empowerment to tackle social issues and improve the quality of life in Warsaw’s communities is supported by Warsaw’s stakeholders the Warsaw Centre for Civic Cooperation.
Local population including groups with special needs and profiles, such as 3.1.1. PUBLIC CONSULTATIONS AND PARTICIPATORY BUDGET people with disabilities, students, young parents, people aged 50 and more, job migrants, residents of the limited-use area, etc. Participatory budgeting is a process in which Varsovians can discuss and directly influence decisions on how to spend Social institutions cultural institutions, universities, etc. a certain portion of the public budget. The primary aims of participatory budgeting are to Public services healthcare, security, etc. Public administration regional (voivodeship) agencies, central government, increase public participation in making decisions of public relevance; ministries, EU authorities, etc. promote awareness in local communities; NGOs global, local NGOs, etc. propagate the concept of self-governance; Local government the Mazowieckie Voivodeship, other Polish cities, adjacent communes, etc. strengthen local communities around self-governance; Cities and countries neighbouring countries, partner cities, intercity stimulate discussion among Varsovians and between Warsaw’s population and administration on Warsaw’s organisations, etc. development and needs in its individual areas. Employees of City of Warsaw, District Offices, subsidiaries, trade unions, outsourced (security staff), etc. Utilities electricity, heating, gas, water, etc. In 2013 Warsaw held its first public consultation on the 2015 participatory budget. A total of PLN 26 mln was set Tourists from Poland, abroad. aside for the first edition of the Warsaw participatory budget, with each district contributing 0,5 % to 1,1 % of their Business international corporations, domestic businesses, investors, budgets. Of this amount, 98.65% was spent. More than 2,200 project proposals were submitted, and 1,390 projects etc. involving 18 districts of Warsaw were singled out for the voting phase. In the end, Varsovians selected 336 projects to Media local, domestic, international, etc. be implemented. Environment soft landscaped areas, air, etc.
Source: Prepared by City of Warsaw The second edition of the participatory budget in Warsaw took place in 2015. This time Varsovians voted on the 2016 budget, with more than PLN 51 mln in available funds – each district allocated 1% to 2% of their budgets for the The Warsaw 19115 project is a shared contact centre of City of Warsaw, District Offices and municipal departments participatory budget. A total of 2,333 project proposals were submitted – 68% of them electronically and 32% on established to facilitate communication with the residents. The Let’s Change Warsaw. Together! slogan encourages paper forms (51% of all project proposals came from women and 49% from men). A total of 1,464 projects involving Varsovians to come up with ideas for a better and friendlier city to make Warsaw a perfect place to work and live in. 18 districts of Warsaw were singled out for the voting phase. In the end, Varsovians selected 644 projects to be Similar centres are already successfully working in other Western European cities, such as London and Berlin. The implemented. centre is open 24/7, with the consultants processing about 1,000 requests for information or intervention on a daily basis. Most of these requests relate to public transport, infrastructure and waste.
FIVE WAYS TO COMMUNICATE: phone (19115), self-service website, mobile app, e-mail, chat
20 SUSTAINABLE DEVELOPMENT OF WARSAW 2014 – 2015 SUSTAINABLE DEVELOPMENT OF WARSAW 2014 – 2015 21 PROJECT SELECTION PHASES FOR THE SECOND PARTICIPATORY BUDGET: WARSAW’S EDUCATION BY NUMBERS: discussion among Varsovians on the development priorities of their districts (18 districts and 18 discussions, held the proportion of students graduating from primary schools was 98.92% in 2014 and 98.98% in 2015. between 7 and 16 January 2015). the proportion of students graduating from secondary schools was 95.55% in 2014 and 94.48% in 2015. project-proposal submissions from 17 January to 17 February 2015 the student-teacher ratio in primary schools was 8.64 in 2014, to slightly decrease in 2015 to 8.43. general review of the proposals by 26 February 2015 the ratio of boys attending school to the total number of boys was 99.74% in 2014. In 2015 it was 98.92% public discussions among Varsovians on the proposals between 27 February and 22 March 2015. The selection of the ratio of girls attending school to the total number of girls was 99.74% in 2014. In 2015 the ratio dropped proposals for detailed review (the pre-selection phase) by 1 April 2015 slightly to 99.21% detailed review by 22 May 2015. Once checked for accuracy and purposefulness, about 72% of all submitted the number of people with higher education per 100,000 residents remained relatively stable at 39,500 in 2014 proposals were singled out for the next phase of the participatory budget and 2015. voting by Varsovians on the proposals, between 16 and 26 June 2015 – a total of 172,395 votes were cast, including Source: prepared by City of Warsaw 41.09% by paper ballot and 58.91% by electronic ballot. Women made up 59% of all voters and men accounted for 41% of all voters TABLE 9 – Warsaw’s educational institutions (public and private) by numbers, including places available the list of projects selected to be implemented was announced on 8 July 2015. The results were also announced on Nurseries 2013 2014 2015 www.twojbudzet.um.warszawa.pl and on the websites of District Offices. Nurseries and children's clubs 151 202 250 Source: Report on public consultations with Varsovians on the 2016 participatory budget … including nursery departments 3 3 0 www.twojbudzet.um.warszawa.pl/sites/twojbudzet.um.warszawa.pl/files/raport_-_budzet_partycypacyjny_na_r._2016.pdf Places 6,845 8134 9,059 Enrollment (during a calendar year) 10,440 12,340 13,407 3.2. EDUCATION
Education is Warsaw’s second largest expenditure item, amounted PLN 3.1 bn in 2015. Education 2013/14 2014/15 The scale of educational spending is related to the size of the population of children and young people. Warsaw’s Preschool education institutions 928 978 population of children aged 3-6 in 2014 was 68,474, of which 98.1% attended preschool institutions. The population of individuals aged 7-15 was 125,200, making up 7.2% of the total population. ...including preschools 643 676 Places in preschools 61,206 63,049 A total of 62 municipal nurseries were available for the parents of the youngest Varsovians – these institutions looked Primary schools 317 324 ...including special schools 35 55 after 5,482 babies in 2014 and 5,600 babies in 2015. Warsaw’s annual spending per one nursery amounted almost Primary-school students 92,928 102,246 to PLN 14,400. This covered 85% of all costs involved in running a nursery. The remaining 15% were paid for by the Lower-secondary schools 238 239 parents. ...including special schools 38 38 Lower-secondary school students 39,628 40,313
PICTURE 3 – Nurseries Upper-secondary schools ...basic vocational schools 37 36 ...general secondary schools 188 174 ...profiled general secondary schools 10 2 ….technical schools and general secondary 82 77 art schools Upper-secondary school students 66,473 64,706 Post-secondary schools 88 89 Source: Prepared by City of Warsaw based on data available on www.um.warszawa.pl Post-secondary school students 12,930 13,371
Parents paid for 8% of all costs of running preschools in 2013, with the remaining 92% being funded by Warsaw. Source: prepared by City of Warsaw, stat.gov.pl Parents’ share of the 2015 costs was slightly more than 3%.Warsaw’s school students have had the best performance in Poland in the six-graders’ tests (primary school) and the school-leaving exams at lower-secondary schools. Among the cities with district (poviat) rights, the city with the second best performance in the lower-secondary school exams is Kraków.
22 SUSTAINABLE DEVELOPMENT OF WARSAW 2014 – 2015 SUSTAINABLE DEVELOPMENT OF WARSAW 2014 – 2015 23 ASPECTS INFLUENCING EDUCATION: CHART 7 – Assessment of the quality of services compulsory school age reduced to six. The process of relocating six-year olds to preschool departments at schools WHAT IS YOUR ASSESSMENT OF THE was underway in Warsaw already in 2008. According to the plan at the time, these departments would become QUALITY OF PRESCHOOL AND SCHOOL first-grade departments starting from 2010. However, a number of political decisions were made which initially EDUCATION IN WARSAW? slowed down the relocation of six-year olds to schools, and more recently, brought the process to a halt. 2013 2014 2015 Consequently, it is reasonable to expect in the years to come that seven most populous classes will attend primary 53 schools at the same time. 47 Warsaw is building new educational facilities and hires additional teachers In September 2015 the Warsaw City
Council allocated an extra PLN 366 m for new preschools and schools (a total of 40 establishments). 31 31 Population boom and slump cycles In late 20th century Warsaw’s population slumped to a bottom low. The current 24 24 19 16 population of Varsovians born in 1999 is only a bit above 11,000. The following years saw the birth of grandchildren 13 13 9 8 of the 1950s baby boomers. 2015 was marked by a record-high number of births in Warsaw, which for the first 5 5 1 time exceeded 35,000. HAR D T O S A Y V E R Y P OOR R ATH E R P OOR R ATH E R GOO D V E R Y G OOD expansion of the city and changing population distribution New districts are emering in areas which previously had Source: www.um.warszawa.pl/warsawa-w-liczbach/wyniki-badan no schools or only small establishments for children living in dispersed suburban developments. The housing estates in Białołęka and Wilanów have a population of several dozen thousand each. These areas have the youngest Increased satisfication is also shown by the 2015 Warsaw quality-of-life survey , according to which: demographics in Poland, with children and young people often making up more than 30% of the total population. the quality of care services at district public nurseries is assessed as “Good” by 57% respondents; There is no way for these children to commute to downtown schools, as many of the estates are located in areas the quality of care and educational services at district public preschools is assessed as “Good” by 60% respondents; with poor transport accessibility. So, new schools should be built there, even if long-term projections show that the the quality of educational services at district public primary schools is assessed as “Good” by 63% respondents; total number of children in primary schools will again start to decrease in 10 to 15 years’ time. the quality of educational services at district public lower-secondary schools is assessed as “Good” by 65% new childcare establishments as an alternative for nurseries – children’s clubs with day carers. respondents.
Source: edukacja.warszawa.pl www.polskawliczbach.pl 3.3. CULTURE 3.2.1. EDUCATION AS SHOWN BY OPINION POLLS
According to the “Barometr Warszawski” surveys, the number of respondents who assessed Warsaw’s preschool and Warsaw’s core objectives with regard to the development of culture are set out in “The city of culture and citizens. school education as “Very good” or “Good” increased substantially from 29% in 2013 to 47% in 2014 and 78% in A programme for the development of culture in Warsaw by 2020”. This document provides for: 2015. Also, the percentage of “Don’t know” responses to this issue decreased, from 53% in 2013 to 24% in 2014, Promoting free development of creative activities and expanding the range of cultural opportunities on offer, and 13% in 2015. Warsaw’s residents recognise and appreciate both the developing infrastructure and the improved quality of services. supported by the development of the cultural infrastructure. Increasing the participation of Varsovians in culture by 2020; audience development. Building Warsaw’s image as the European city of culture.
Warsaw increased its spending on culture from PLN 375 m in 2013 to PLN 439 m in 2015. Of the PLN 439 m spent in 2015, PLN 69 m was spent on investment. This included such projects as the construction of the Museum of Modern Art, upgrades of Musical Theatre Roma, Studio Theatre, Dramatic Theatre and Współczesny Theatre, and the buildings of the Museum of Warsaw in the Old Town Market Place, and also upgrades of the historic buildings, and the construction of a tent for the Sinfonia Varsovia Orchestra, in Grochowska St.
24 SUSTAINABLE DEVELOPMENT OF WARSAW 2014 – 2015 SUSTAINABLE DEVELOPMENT OF WARSAW 2014 – 2015 25 CHART 8 – Warsaw’s expenditures on culture in 2013-2015 (PLN m) The Sinfonia Varsovia Orchestra is a local-government cultural institution of City of Warsaw. It gave 103 concerts
in 2014, including 61 concerts abroad to audiences in France, Spain, Japan, Oman and other countries. They had a combined audience of 142,000 in 2014. In 2015 the Sinfonia Varsovia Orchestra took part in 261 aristic and educational projects. It performed 99 concerts played by its own musicians. As many as 52 of them took place abroad (France, Japan, Switzerland), with a combined audience of 104,000. The 41 concerts in Poland were attended by an audience of 26,000.
Warsaw has had a new major cultural institution since 2013 – the POLIN Museum of the History of Polish Jews. 28 October 2014 marked the grand opening of the Core Exhibition, attended by Presidents of Poland and Israel, and the Mayor of Warsaw. In addition to the impressive permanent display, seven temporary exhibitions were set up for visitors throughout 2014. In total, the Museum hosted 325 exhibitions, conferences and other educational and scientific events attended by almost 123,000 people. In 2015 the turnout at the events hosted by the Museum was 300,000 people, including 225,000 at programme events. Museum classes were attended by more than 10,000 people.
A number of events which enjoy continuing popularity among Varsovians were organised in 2014 and 2015, including: Garlands on the Vistula, the Chopin Concerts in Łazienki Park, the Water Symphony fountain show at the Multimedia Source: prepared by City of Warsaw Fountain Park on Plac 1 Dywizji Pancernej WP Square, the Sport Champions Ball, the Cross-Culture Warsaw Festival and the New Year’s Eve Party. These events are organised by Stołeczna Estrada – in 2014 it organised a total of 181 Cultural investment in 2015 involved such projects as the setting up of a permanent display at the Museum of Praga, events, attended by 1,068,000 people. the adaptive reuse of the premises at 20 Karowa St. for the purposes of the History Meeting House, an on-schedule implementation of the Museum of Modern Art and New Theatre construction project (opened in 2016), the purchase of fixed assets for Lalka Theatre, the POLIN Museum of the History of Polish Jews, Syrena Theatre, Dramatic Theatre and WARSAW AS THE CO-ORGANISER OF MAJOR CULTURAL EVENTS the Museum of Warsaw, and also the development of guidelines for operational programmes devised by the team led the Warsaw Summer Jazz Days, the International Street Art Festival, the International Open Air Festival Jazz at the by Professor Jerzy Hausner (“Improving Warsaw’s cultural policy – the area of cultural institutions”) and the team led Old Town, the Warsaw Film Festival, the International Film Festival „Jewish Motifs”, the Singer’s Warsaw Festival, by Edwin Bendyk (“Developing the creative potential and supporting artists”), and also guidelines for the improvement the Ludwig van Beethoven Easter Festival, the International Religious Music Festival, the Warsaw Autumn Festival of of the library system. Contemporary Music, the “Zawirowania” International Dance Festival
3.3.1. ACTIVITIES OF CULTURAL INSTITUTIONS Warsaw honoured 30 individuals in 2014 for their outstanding achievements for the capital of Poland. Each of them Warsaw provided funding for the activities of a number of cultural institutions in 2013-2015, including received a prize of PLN 10,000. Honorary Warsaw citizenship in 2015 was awarded to two individuals, and 20 individuals 18 theatres; and 4 organisations received the Warsaw Award. 5 museums; 1 orchestra; 19 libraries (2014-2015); and numerous cultural centres; and 4 other institutions: Stołeczna Estrada, the History Meeting House, the Centre for the Thought of John Paul II and the Copernicus Science Centre.
The Copernicus Science Centre, which is managed by City of Warsaw, enjoyed great popularity. A total of 255 events with a combined audience of 1,242,549 were organised in 2013. The corresponding figures for 2014 were 257 events and a combined audience of 1,272,053. Major projects included “Captured Mind”, “Thinkatorium”, “Microlife”; the Heavens of Copernicus Planetarium: “Around the Rosetta Mission”, “The Perseids. The night of the meteor shower.” The Centre was visited by 1,153,850 people in 2015.
26 SUSTAINABLE DEVELOPMENT OF WARSAW 2014 – 2015 SUSTAINABLE DEVELOPMENT OF WARSAW 2014 – 2015 27 3.3.2. CULTURE AS SHOWN BY POLLS Public security and order spending items include the costs of hiring 1,509 (2014) and 1,495 (2015) City Guard officers, One important issue for the management of culture is the shortage of surveys, measures and indicators related to and of the maintenance of the CCTV system comprising 421 cameras (in 2015 vs. 414 cameras in 2014). The average number of interventions per one officer was 592 in 2014 and 612 in 2015. culture. A number of measures are underway to tackle this, including
regular questionnaire surveys among municipal theatres; In an attempt to make sure Varsovians are as safe as possible, the city has spent additional funds to provide extra diagnosing trends related to participation in culture, policing. A total of 8,500 and 11,000 extra two-man patrols were deployed in Warsaw in 2014 and 2015, respectively. developing indicators, Each extra patrol cost an average of PLN 400. The city also has mounted police, with 22 municipally funded police horses. Also, Warsaw co-funds the operations of the Police and Fire Service, and covers the costs of three voluntary fire evaluting the measures taken by Warsaw. departments. Last but not least, Warsaw has a Centre for Intoxicated People, which accommodated 23,256 people in Source: www.um.warszawa.pl/budzetwpigulce/2013-realizacja-bud-etu-kultura, www.kopernik.org.pl, http://warszawa.wyborcza.pl/ 2014 and 24,181 people in 2015. warszawa/1,34862,18955154,made-in-polin-muzeum-swietuje-urodziny.html, prepared by City of Warsaw, Statistical Office and individual reports PICTURE 4 – Public security and order costs Warsaw’s efforts for the development of culture are appreciated. According to the November 2015 “Barometr Warszawski” surveys, Varsovians were highly satisfied with what the city had to offer culturally. “Very good” and “Good” assessments were given by 91% of the respondents.
Varsovians’ willingness to participate in Warsaw’s culture is also shown by the 2015 Warsaw quality-of-life survey , according to which
67% of the respondents assessed the cultural events held at their districts as “Good” (2% “Poor” answers); Source: prepared by City of Warsaw 21% of the respondents attended cultural events within their districts over last 12 months; Security could also be improved by prevention programmes, such as the “Be Safe in the City” family picnic, the 53% of the respondents gave “Good” assessments of what their district cultural centres had to offer, although “Football Fan” project as part of the “Safe Supporter” contest and providing police escorts to organised groups of only 10% of these respondents participated in the events hosted by their cultural centres over last 12 months; supporters of footbal teams coming to Warsaw for away games. 28% stated that they used their local district libraries over last 12 months, with 58% of all respondents assessing Security spending also included funding for the Municipal State Fire Service and the Warsaw Police Headquarters. the library services available as “Good”; Furthermore, Warsaw opened the Mockup City in 2014. This project is particularly important for promoting safe traffic 26% of the respondents went to a cinema, 8% to a museum or gallery, 8% to a theatre, 9% to a concert, 41% behaviour among children and young people. Using the Mockup City, students of Warsaw schools have an opportunity to a restaurant, cafe or pub, 11% to an outdoor event, 71% to see friends over last 4 weeks. not only to learn the theory, but also to acquire practical skills and prepare for bicycle-license exams. The Mockup City features carriageways, bike paths, tramway tracks, traffic lights, traffic signs, a tram, boom barriers, junctions and a Source: http://www.um.warszawa.pl/sites/default/files/attach/o-warszawie/bw_xi_2015.pdf roundabout. The project cost more than PLN 800,000. http://jakosczycia.um.warszawa.pl/ SECURITY BY NUMBERS: the number of policemen per 100,000 residents in 2014 was 426.72 with a slight drop in 2015 to 425.08. 3.4. PUBLIC SECURITY AND CRISIS MANAGEMENT The corresponding figure in 2013 was 545. An increased sense of public security is the primary aim of the “Safe Warsaw” 2016-2021 Crime Prevention, the number of homicides per 100,000 residents dropped in 2015 to 1.04 (18) from 1.97 in 2014 (34). Public Order and Public Security Programme. The programme has been implemented by competent authorities and the number of property crimes per 100,000 residents dropped from 2,058.1 (35,425) in 2014 to 1,955.99 (33,945) organisations. The indicators and measures of operational objectives have been defined by organisations in charge in 2015. of implementing the detailed programme objectives – the Police, the Warsaw City Guard, the State District (Poviat) Sanitary Inspector, the State Fire Service, etc. – in line with their internal procedures. Public security and order is the the average police response time sped up from 11.23 minutes in 2014 to nearly 10.8 minutes in 2015. responsibility of both state (the Police and Fire Service) and municipal (the City Guard) authorities. The safety spending the number of violent crimes per 100,000 residents dropped substantially from 78.6 (1,353) in 2014 to 57.1 (991) was at PLN 0.3 mln in both 2014 and 2015. in 2015. the number of firefighters per 100,000 residents in 2014 was 72.1 and 75.77 in 2015. the number of fire fatalities per 100,000 residents was 1.04 (18) in 2014 and 1.09 (19) in 2015.
28 SUSTAINABLE DEVELOPMENT OF WARSAW 2014 – 2015 SUSTAINABLE DEVELOPMENT OF WARSAW 2014 – 2015 29 the number of volunteer and part-time firefighters per 100,000 residents was 10.63 (183) in 2014, with an 3.5. HEALTH increase to 14.35 in 2015 (249). City of Warsaw is responsible for developing the infrastructure of 25 healthcare entities as the entity that has the emergency service response time (on receiving the call) was 14.54 minutes in 2014 and 13.15 minutes established them and ensured their compliance with the law. The quality of the infrastructure is a large factor in the in 2015. improvement of treatment conditions, the standard and availability of healthcare services, the expansion of the range of these services and the improved working conditions for the medical staff. With this in mind, in 2007-2015 Warsaw the fire service response time (on receiving the call) – 9 minutes in 2014 and 8.12 minutes in 2015. allocated more than PLN 1 bn for the: the City Guard’s response time on receiving the call dropped from 17 minutes and 46 seconds in 2014 to construction of new healthcare facilities; 15 minutes and 43 seconds in 2015. remodelling and upgrading of the existing inpatient and outpatient infrastructure; the number of (car traffic) accident fatalities dropped from 65 in 2014 to 62 in 2015. procurement of high-tech medical equipment; ongoing maintenance.
Source: prepared by City of Warsaw In 2015 Warsaw invested PLN 159 mln in healthcare facilities and social care. It included investments in Szpital 3.4.1. SECURITY AS SHOWN BY OPINION POLLS Czerniakowski, Szpital Bielański, Szpital Praski, Szpital Grochowski, Szpital Wolski, Szpital Św. Rozdziny, Szpital na Solcu, Warszawski Szpital dla Dzieci. All these measures aim to improve the range and quality of healthcare services provided by these facilities, and to increase patient safety. These objectives are systemic and long-term in nature, and According to the “Barometr Warszawski” surveys conducted in the fourth quarters of 2013, 2014 and 2015, Varsovians integral to the budget horizon 2019. Warsaw is planning to invest further PLN 648.4 m in this sector between 2016 were highly satisfied with security in the city. “Very good” and “Good” answers were given by 80 %, 79 % and 88 % of and 2019. the respondents in 2013, 2014 and 2015, respectively. The number of “Don’t know” answers dropped to 3 % in 2015. Source: City of Warsaw’s internal sources, www.um.warszawa.pl/budzetwpigulce/2014-wykonanie-bud-etu-ochrona-zdrowia, CHART 9 – Security in Warsaw www.um.warszawa.pl/budzetwpigulce/2015-budzet-ochrona-zdrowia, www.um.warszawa.pl/dla-mieszkancow/zdrowie/aktualnosci/informacja-o-inwestycjach-zrealizowanych-w-miejskich-plac-wkach. What is your assessment of Warsaw's safety? 73 66 Although the funding and upkeep of healthcare is the responsibility of the National Health Fund (NFZ), Warsaw’s 57 healthcare spending was PLN 243 mln in 2013 (PLN 90 m more than in 2012), PLN 230 mln in 2014 and PLN 219 mln in 2015. In 2014 and 2015 Warsaw provided funding for 14 different healthcare programmes, healthcare policy programmes and health promotion programmes carried out by healthcare facilities. These programmes are intended for such groups as children and young people, pregnant women and senior residents. Their aim is to promote prevention 12 15 6 9 7 and health, develop positive health habits and advance health education. The Health Policy Department cooperates 2 1 2 4 2 with NGOs engaged in the public task of health protection and promotion by supporting health promotion programmes, Hard to say Very poor Rather poor Rather good Very g chronic care and rehabilitation programmes. Source: City of Warsaw’s. internal sources, www.um.warszawa.pl/budzetwpigulce/2014-wykonanie-bud-etu-ochrona-zdrowia, Source: „Barometr Warszawski” www.um.warszawa.pl/budzetwpigulce/2015-budzet-ochrona-zdrowia.
Increased satisfication in this area is also shown by the 2015 Warsaw quality-of-life survey, according to which WARSAW’S HEALTHCARE BY NUMBERS: the quality of Warsaw’s City Guard services is assessed as “Good” by 66 % of the respondents (19 % “Neither the average life expectancy for individuals born in 2014: 76.2 (a year longer than for individuals born in 2013) in good nor poor”, 22 % “Poor”, 7 % “Don’t know/Hard to say” responses); 2015 and 76.1 in 2014 for men; 82.6 (almost a year longer than for individuals born in 2013– 81.7) in 2014 and the quality of Warsaw’s Police services is assessed as “Good” and “Very good” by 85 % of the respondents 82.3 in 2015 for women; (18 % “Neither good nor poor”, 10 % “Poor” and “Very poor”, 4 % “Don’t know/Hard to say” responses); the number of hospital beds per 100,000 residents in 2014 was 718.78 (total – 12,372), which is slightly less than 88 % of the respondents felt safe in their neighbourhoods and 86 % of the respondents felt safe in their districts. in 2013 (722.2; total – 12,533); Source: www.um.warszawa.pl/warsawa-w-liczbach/wyniki-badan the number of physicians per 100,000 residents in 2014 was 500.4 (total – 8,613), which is more than in 2013 (457.8; total – 7,944); the number of nurses and midwives per 100,000 residents in 2014 was 933.04 (total – 16,060), which is an increase compared to 2013 (901.81; total – 15,551) infant mortality rate per 1,000 live births in 2014: 3.3, 2015 – 4.1. Source: City of Warsaw’s internal sources
30 SUSTAINABLE DEVELOPMENT OF WARSAW 2014 – 2015 SUSTAINABLE DEVELOPMENT OF WARSAW 2014 – 2015 31 3.5.1. HEALTHCARE AS SHOWN BY OPINION POLLS Selected sporting events funded or co-funded by City of Warsaw in 2014: The 36th Warsaw Marathon – the National Marathon, the 59th “Sabre de Wołodyjowski” Fencing World Grand Prix, According to the “Barometr Warszawski” surveys, the number of respondents who assessed Warsaw’s public healthcare the 2014 Badminton Polish Open, the 31st Feliks Stamm Boxing Tournament, the 31st International Irena Szydłowska as “Very good” and “Good” increased substantially from 23 % in 2013 to 34 % in 2014 and 70 % in 2015. Also, the Memorial Archery Tournament, the 9th Zdzisław Ambroziak Memorial Volleyball Tournament, the 8th International percentage of “Don’t know” responses decreased from 12 % in 2013 to 4 % in 2014, and 3 % in 2015. Karate Tournament (KOKORO CUP 2014), the Little Insurrectionist Memorial Inernational Football Cup, the Taekwondo Warsaw Cup, the Individual Polish Chess Championship, the XVI Warsaw Judo Open, the 57th Mazovia Tour, the ashore CHART 10 – Assessment of Warsaw’s public healthcare picnic as part of the “Vistula Feast”. What is your assessment of Warsaw's public healthcare? The city also organises special programmes for children – “Zima w Mieście” (Winter in the City) and “Lato w Mieście” (Summer in the City). Almost 39,000 children participated in these programmes in 2014, and more than 38,000 49 49 children in 2015. For comparison, more than 33,000 pupils participated in 2013.
37 Via sporting clubs, the city also organises initiatives for children and young people in the disciplines and age grups 28 27 covered by the “Polish National Youth Sports Scheme”. The scheme involved 24,000 young sportspeople and 45 21 19 20 disciplines in 2015. 14 12 7 7 Also, Warsaw continues to implement sporting & leisure programmes dedicated to senior residents, including 4 3 3 “Senior starszy sprawniejszy” (Seniors – more fit), measures to popularise sports and leisure among residents as part of the “Active Varsovian” programme and sporting & leisure activities for people with disabilities as part of the Hard to say Very poor Rather poor Rather good Very good „Niepełnosprawny – sprawniejszy” (Disabled – more fit). 2013 2014 2015 Source: prepared by City of Warsaw, www.um.warszawa.pl/budzetwpigulce/2014-wykonanie-budzetu-sport and www.um.warszawa.pl/ budzetwpigulce/2015-budzet-sport Source: www.um.warszawa.pl/warsawa-w-liczbach/wyniki-badan The 2015 quality-of-life survey among the residents of Warsaw’s districts showed that 56 % of the respondents thought When analysing Warsaw’s health protection objectives, it is important to note “Good” of what their districts had to offer leisure-wise, with 17 % “Neither Good nor Poor”, 2 % “Poor” and 24 % the unique situation of Warsaw’s healthcare organisations in which there are seven independent controlling “Don’t know” answers. Only 17 % of Varsovians claimed to have taken advantage of the sports & leisure opportunities entities for independent healthcare entities within the city; offered by their districts over last 12 months, and only 20 % stated they engaged in sports and worked out. insufficient or excessive contracting of services, including both inpatient (internal medicine, in particular) and Source: prepared by City of Warsaw, Warszawy, www.um.warszawa.pl/warszawa-w-liczbach/wyniki-badan outpatient (specialised services) healthcare. Healthcare services contracted by NFZ to municipal healthcare entities account for only 15% of Warsaw’s medical market at large. 3.7. TRANSPORT Source: City of Warsaw’s structure
Public transport spending in 2014 was at PLN 4.86 bn, which represented 36 % of Warsaw’s total expenditures. 3.6. SPORTS AND RECREATION In 2015 total public transport spending was at PLN 3.62 bn, it means 28 %.
Year by year, Warsaw is increasing its expenditures on sports, leisure and tourism – from PLN 105 mln in 2013 to PLN A total of 403 trams, including 181 low-floor trams, served on 27 lines at peak hours. Line 1 of the metro, which covers 117 mln in 2014 (0.7% of Warsaw’s total expenditures), to PLN 126 mln in 2015 (1% of Warsaw’s total expenditures). a distance of 23 km between the Kabaty Station and the Młociny Station in 38 minutes, is used by an average of about 500,000 passengers per working day. A total of 413 tram units served on 26 lines in 2015, of which 51% were Sports, leisure and tourism are the responsibility of the Sports and Recreation Department and municipal sports and adapted for people with disabilities. Two metro lines became available for Varsovians for the first time in 2015. Using leisure organisations, and District Mayors in their assigned areas. The Department’s objectives are to the 6.1-km-long central section of line 2 of the metro, passengers can get from the Rondo Daszyńskiego roundabout to upgrade and construct the sports & leisure infrastructure; the Dworzec Wileński station via the following stations: Rondo Daszyńskiego, Rondo ONZ, Świętokrzyska, Nowy Świat – create conditions for resident sports and recreation opportunities to develop; Uniwersytet, Centrum Nauki Kopernik, Stadion, Dworzec Wileński. Warsaw’s metro lines have a total length of 29.2 km. promote sporting competition among children and young people and encourage Varsovians to engage in They are used by about 590,000 passengers a day. physical activities. In February 2014 CNN selected Warsaw metro’s Plac Wilsona as one of 12 most impressive metro stations in Europe. City of Warsaw provides its residents with a variety of sports & leisure events and opportunities.
32 SUSTAINABLE DEVELOPMENT OF WARSAW 2014 – 2015 SUSTAINABLE DEVELOPMENT OF WARSAW 2014 – 2015 33 Varsovians can also use 1,497 buses (with 100% of the rolling stock adapted for disability), including 205 day lines and The Veturilo Public Bicycle Sharing System, operating since 2012, is becoming increasingly popular with Varsovians. 41 night lines. The corresponding figures for 2015 are 1,594 buses, 239 day lines and 43 night lines. Warsaw’s public New stations and bicycles were added in 2014 and 2015. Below is a brief summary: transport system also includes urban rail – the Fast City Rail (SKM) system comprises four lines served by 20 trains. In 203 bike rentals (204 in 2015); 2015 these lines were served by 32 trains. SKM lines connect Waraw with adjacent communes. 2,981 bicycles (3,039 in 2015); 1,904,140 rentals (1,975,083 in 2015); Park and ride facilities, with 3,980 parking spaces, are also part of Warsaw’s public transport system. In 2015 these facilities had 4,634 parking spaces for cars and 652 spaces for bikes. Another important component of Warsaw’s 223,814 active users of the system (346,658 in 2015); transport system is the cycling infrastructure. 1,304 – this is the record number of rentals by a single user (1,101 in 2015) Children’s bicycles and tandem bicycles were added to Veturilo’s stock in 2015. Funding for public transport comes from Warsaw’s budget and tickets. Ticket receipts covered 32% and 34% of public transport expenditures in 2014 and 2015, respectively. Holders of the Varsovian Card (Karta Warszawiaka) and the Warsaw+ Ticket (Bilet Warszawa+) can travel cheaper by public transport. Holders of the Varsovian Card and the Young Varsovian Card, which were introduced on 1 January Funding for public transport comes from Warsaw’s budget and tickets. TICKET RECEIPTS COVERED 32% 2014, who live and pay personal income tax in Warsaw pay less for long-term tickets; this also includes their children. AND 34% OF PUBLIC TRANSPORT EXPENDITURES IN 2014 AND 2015, RESPECTIVELY. More than 425,000 cards were issued in 2014, which represents 35% of all long-term tickets (the corresponding figure for 2015 is 38%). The Warsaw+ Ticket was introduced in mid-2014. Holders of this ticket who live in areas peripheral to Warsaw pay less for public transport tickets. The unpaid difference is covered by the communes which It is not common knowledge that in addition to the costs of contracting transport services, the transport system’s joined this scheme. operation involves other expenditures, such as ticketing system maintenance expenditures. Warsaw had 3,423 ticket sales points in 2014. Total 2014 ticket sales 3.8. SOCIAL ASSISTANCE were at 4,807,000 for proximity cards and 74,972,000 for magnetic-stripe tickets. In 2015 Warsaw had 4,246 ticket sales points, and the corresponding sales figures were 5,177,000 and 80,192,000 tickets, respectively. “The Social Strategy of Warsaw. The 2009-2020 Strategy for Tackling Social Issues” has as its strategic goal the social maintenance of stops infrastructure (cleaning stops and stop shelters, repair and maintenance of stops and occupational integration and reintegration of Varsovians. To achieve this goal, Warsaw has been helping families to fulfil their core functions on their own and raising awareness on social needs, issues and resources. infrastructure), which cost PLN 28.8 m in 2014 and PLN 31.1 m in 2015. In 2014 Warsaw had 39 bus terminuses, 5,902 stops, including 46% sheltered stops, and 4,309 stop posts. The corresponding figures for 2015 are 40 A range of municipal programmes are in place to aid these objectives: terminuses, 6,072 stops (47% sheltered) and 4,296 posts. The average annual maintenance cost per stop was PLN The 2010-2020 “Family” Operational Programme; 4,586 in 2014 and PLN 5,128 in 2015. The 2013-2015 Family Support Programme; The 2013-2015 Programme for the Development of Temporary Foster Care in Warsaw TRANSPORT BY NUMBERS (FIGURE) The 2013-2020 Senior-Friendly Warsaw Programme Warsaw Metro – average cost of vehicle-km – PLN 14.4 / vehicle-km (PLN 12.29 / vehicle-km in 2015); total The 2012-2016 Domestic Violence Prevention and Domestic Violence Victim Protection Programme of Warsaw; length of metro lines – 23 km; the total travel time from the Kabaty Station to the Młociny Station is 38 minutes; The 2012-2015 Substance Abuse Prevention Programme; the metro is used by about 500,000 passengers a day. In 2015 both lines of the metro were used by about 590,000 The 2012-2015 HIV Infection Prevention and HIV/AIDS-Infected Support Programme; passengers a day. The 6.1-km long line 2 section takes 11 minutes to travel one way. The 2010-2020 Warsaw Programme for the Support of People with Disabilities; Miejskie Zakłady Autobusowe (operator of buses) – average vehicle-km cost – PLN 11.2 / vehicle-km; Warsaw had 205 day and 41 night bus lines. The corresponding figures for 2015 were 9.75, 239 and 43). In 2015 Varsovians Warsaw spent a total of PLN 858 m in 2014 and PLN 895 m in 2015 in welfare measures. could use 1,497, all of them fullly adapted for people with disabilitis. The corresponding figure for 2015 was 1,594 buses, all of them low-floor. These measures includes support for the unemployed, support for people with disabilities, benefits and allowances and Tramwaje Warszawskie (operator of trams) – the average vehicle-km cost – PLN 16.8 / vehicle-km; Warsaw had 27 in-kind aid for the poorest, daycare provision (nurseries), the provision of orphanage care for children placed in foster lines at the end of 2014, served by 403 tram units, including 45% adapted for people with disabilities; the care, the provision of care for residents of nursing homes and support for vulnerable families. corresponding figures for 2015 were PLN 13.66 / vehicle-km, 413 units, 51% of them adapted for people with disabilities; Szybka Kolej Miejska (Fast City Rail) – the average vehicle-km cost – PLN 10.1 / vehicle-km; Varsovians could use 20 trains, which served on four lines connecting Warsaw with adjacent communes. The corresponding figures for 2015 are PLN 7.93 / vehicle-km, 32 trains on four lines
34 SUSTAINABLE DEVELOPMENT OF WARSAW 2014 – 2015 SUSTAINABLE DEVELOPMENT OF WARSAW 2014 – 2015 35 Warsaw provides full funding for instititons dealing with the support, care and education of children and young people completely or partly deprived of parental care, including orphanages. In 2014 Warsaw had seven orphanages with a total of 386 children under care. The average monthly cost of supporting a child in an orphanage was PLN 5,603. In addition, 87 children were placed with 20 professional foster families, and 100 children lived in foster homes. The most children – as many as 1,582 – were under non-professional kinship care. The average expenditure per one foster family 4. ENVIRONMENTAL ASPECT. GREEN WARSAW and one foster home was at more than PLN 14,000. Warsaw also operates 14 nursing homes with a total of 1,550 residents. The average monthly cost of running these homes per one resident was PLN 4,000.
Warsaw aspires to be a “green city” by aiming to provide the residents with high living standards while respecting the PICTURE 5 – Nursing homes in Warsaw natural environment.
The natural factors also turned out to be very important to Warsaw’s stakeholders. The most important environmental issues that the city is facing include: emissions; need for improvement and promotion of public transport; noise; environmental protection and management in accordance with the principles of sustainable development (including the tasks related to maintenance, protection and development of green spaces and water management).
In 2015 Warsaw was ranked 16 among 30 cities that were included in the European Green City Index1. Source: https://www.siemens.com/entry/cc/features/greencityindex_international/all/en/pdf/gci_report_summary.pdf
Urban Platform Partnership for Climate undertakes promotional and educational actions related to the climate change issue. It is a platform of cooperation for common actions preventing climate changes and to highlight the threats connected with them. Among the partners of the Platform there are representatives of national and local administration, embassies, ngos, private companies and institutions for which climate protection is a priority. The events taken place within the Platform: A Picnic with Climate, Earth Hour; World Water Day; World Earth Day; European Sustainable Development Week; A Tree Day.
1. https://www.siemens.com/entry/cc/features/greencityindex_international/all/en/pdf/gci_report_summary.pdf
36 SUSTAINABLE DEVELOPMENT OF WARSAW 2014 – 2015 SUSTAINABLE DEVELOPMENT OF WARSAW 2014 – 2015 37 CHART 11 – Allocation of funds to environment enhancement and protection The main objective of the Sustainable Energy Action Plan for Warsaw in the perspective of 2020 is a 20% reduction of the CO2 emissions by 2020, with 2007 as the baseline year. The Plan also includes auxiliary objectives, such as a 0,0.77 reduction of energy consumption by 20% and an increase in the share of renewable energy sources.
TABLE 10 – Energy consumption and CO2 emissions
0,0.66 Year Energy consumption Emissions of CO2 [MWh/year] [MgCO2/year] 2007 28,394,431 12,952,984 WyWdExpendityatkdait knia n uoczyszczenieare o ocnz yszczeni ie i 2020 22,715,545 10,362,387 ochronocenvironmentalhroęn śęr odośrodwoi wcleanupskaisk za latach z latacand h 20120protection313 - 2015 - 2015, win ml2013-2015d zł Source: Law Carbon Economy Programme for Warsaw in the perspective of 2020 – XII Energy and Fuel Transmission System Operators and 0,0.55 Consumers Forum, Leszek Drogosz, City of Warsaw, Infrastructure Department, October 2015. City of Warsaw’s internal data.
TABLE 11 – Greenhouse gas emissions in tonnes of carbon dioxide per resident
2013 2014 0,0.44 20120133 20120144 20120515
Source: City of Warsaw’s internal data Greenhouse gas emissions in tonnes of carbon 7.37 6.81 dioxide per resident
4.1. ENERGY Source: Draft Plan of Low Carbon Economy for Warsaw and the Sustainable Energy Action Plan for Warsaw in the perspective of 2020. The City of Warsaw’s internal data. In 2009 Warsaw joined the Covenant of Mayors2 , an initiative launched by the European Commission. Its chief objective is going beyond the climate and 2020 energy objectives set for the EU. TABLE 12 CO2 emissions in Warsaw in 2014 in comparison to the year 2007
PICTURE 6 - The official signing of the Covenant of Mayors, Brussels, 10.02.2009. Photoaul P O’Driscoll Category CO2 emissions 2007 2014 Mg CO2 Mg CO2 In comparison to the base year Buildings, 11 613 701 9 954 524 85,71% and industry Transport 1 339 283 1 767 251 131,95% Together 12 952 984 11 721 774 90,49%
Source: City of Warsaw’s internal data
The energy sector accounts for 78% of the total greenhouse gas emissions in Warsaw, which makes that sector the Source: http://www.porozumienieburmistrzow.eu/Zdjecia.html main source of said emissions.
As a result of joining the Covenant, the Warsaw City Council adopted the following document – Sustainable Energy The following actions were included in SEAP to improve the energy efficiency and reduce greenhouse gas emissions: Action Plan for Warsaw in the perspective of 2020, as guidelines for Warsaw in the sphere of environmentally friendly 1) in the housing sector: actions, energy efficiency and renewable energy. - comprehensive green retrofits of residential buildings in line with the scope and standard referred to in the Green The action plan positively influences the quality of life of the residents, and boosts the image of Poland’s capital as a Retrofit Act; socially and environmentally responsible city. - upgrades of heat sources and distribution networks (e.g. replacement of local heat sources with higher efficiency Source: www.infrastruktura.um.warszawa.pl/aktualnosci/efektywne-wykorzystanie-energii/plan-dzialan-na-rzeczzrownowazonego-zuzycia- sources); energii-dla - upgrades of indoor lighting systems; 2. www.porozumienieburmistrzow.eu
38 SUSTAINABLE DEVELOPMENT OF WARSAW 2014 – 2015 SUSTAINABLE DEVELOPMENT OF WARSAW 2014 – 2015 39 - replacement of household appliances and ICTs: cooling appliances (refrigerator-freezers), wet appliances CHART 12 – Energy consumption by main energy sources (kWh/year) (washing machines), heating appliances (electric ovens); - reduction of the energy demand for domestic hot water by increasing the efficiency of the water heating systems; 2) in the construction sector: - passive houses; - low-energy houses; - energy-saving houses; 3) in the public sector of Warsaw: - comprehensive green retrofits of public residential buildings and public buildings, - energy management; - modernisation of heat supply methods (e.g. replacement of local heat sources with higher efficiency sources); - upgrades of indoor lighting systems; - upgrades of street and outdoor lighting; - replacement of office equipment with higher energy efficiency class equipment, - reduction of the energy demand for domestic hot water by increasing the efficiency of the energy systems; - organisation of awareness campaigns; 4) in the transport sector: - reduction of superfluous travelling by completing the ring roads and stopping the urban sprawl; - optimisation of mobility management, reducing the use of passenger cars in favour of collective transport; - further development of integrated traffic management system (ZSZR); - development of the Public Transport Traffic Management System; Source: An analysis of the implementation of the Energy Policy for Warsaw in the perspective of 2020 – 2015 Balanced Scorecard. - modernisation and development of rail transport (metro, trams, trains); - replacement of the rolling stock and bus fleet (e.g. alternative-fuel buses); CHART 13 – Electricity consumption per household (kWh/year) - establishment of traffic privileges for public transport vehicles; 1973 - integration of public transport systems by creating interchanges; 1888 - integration of public transport of the city and the metropolitan area by introducing the combined ticket; - establishment of the car sharing system; 1816 - development of the Park&Ride car park system; - further development of the cycle path system; - development of the Veturilo city bike system; - ecodriving training courses for drivers; - promotion of public transport, including the Car Free Day, Public Transport Days, European Mobility Week; 5) in the trade, industry and services sectors: - comprehensive green retrofits of buildings; Source: An analysis of the implementation of the Energy Policy for Warsaw in the perspective of 2020 – 2015 Balanced Scorecard. - modernisation of heat supply methods (e.g. replacement of local heat sources with higher efficiency sources); CHART 14 – Total energy consumption per resident (kWh/year) - upgrades of indoor lighting systems; 42914291 - replacement of office equipment with higher energy efficiency class equipment; 4273 - replacement of drive (engines) with energy efficient ones with electronic systems and basic equipment; 4273 - reduction of the energy demand for domestic hot water by increasing the efficiency of the energy systems; 2013 6) in the energy transmission and distribution sector: 42324232 - reduction of electric energy and heat consumption through the application of new technologies – for instance; 2014 - use of RES to produce electric energy and heat; 2015 - upgrades of heating networks; - adaptation of electricity grids for RES use; - development of consumer-friendly power industry. Całkowite zużycie energii elektrycznej na mieszkańca (kWh / rok) Source: Sustainable Energy Action Plan for Warsaw in the perspective of 2020, Sustainable Transport Development Strategy for Warsaw by 2015. Source: Energy Policy for Warsaw in the perspective of 2020 implementation process analysis – 2014 Balanced Scorecard.
40 SUSTAINABLE DEVELOPMENT OF WARSAW 2014 – 2015 SUSTAINABLE DEVELOPMENT OF WARSAW 2014 – 2015 41 It is worth mentioning that 100% of the residents of the city had access to the electricity supply in the years 2014- CHART 15 – Generation of renewable energy in the city 2015. The trend for smaller energy consumption emerged as a result of increased economic and environmental awareness of the residents, which led to adjustment of their actions. The awareness campaigns launched by the City also helped to bring about a change. The most common ways of energy conservation applied by the residents include: 1) switching off the light in unoccupied rooms, 2) using only necessary lighting, 3) replacing traditional light bulbs with energy saving ones and LED lighting, 4) Favouring portable tablets and smart phones over large desktop computers, 5) switching off the standby mode in devices.
4.1.1. ENERGY EFFICIENCY
Warsaw continues the implementation of the 2009 energy management system for local government buildings. It is a system of remote monitoring and energy management in educational establishments.
Environmental requirements for energy efficiency are set out in the “Technical guidelines for Warsaw public buildings aimed at ensuring economically optimum requirements for the energy performance of the building”. The following
requirements are included: 1) requirements for different types of buildings; 2) a set of environmental criteria for building systems and components; Source: An analysis of the implementation of the Energy Policy for Warsaw in the perspective of 2020. 2015 Balanced Scorecard. 3) procedures, guidelines related to the application of various scoring criteria and evaluation of offers; 4) criteria and requirements related to operational lifetime costs of buildings used for the following purposes: education 4.1.3. ENERGY SECURITY (school, preschool, nursery, cultural centre), administration (office building), leisure (sports facility, swimming pool), healthcare facility (hospital, outpatient clinic) and residential (public residential building). For many years now, Warsaw has had the most favourable levels of consumer energy supply interruptions in the country. The average energy supply interruption per consumer in the years 2013-2015 was under 90 min. per year. 4.1.2. RENEWABLE ENERGY SOURCES TABLE 14 - The average number of interruptions and the average electricity supply interruption
In 2014 the project Cities on Power, aimed at the promotion of renewable energy sources use in cities, including 2013 2014 2015 solar collectors, photovoltaic panels and heat pumps, was concluded. An interactive tool to support the residents in the decision-making concerning renewable energy sources investment was developed for the project. The Renewable The average number of energy supply interruptions per 0.002 0.002 0.002 Energy Sources Action Plan for Warsaw was also developed under the Cities on Power project. The objective of the consumer document is to indicate the possibilities and means of introducing renewable energy in Warsaw to achieve a 20% share The average energy supply interruption per consumer [h] 1h 36 1h 23 1h 20 of renewable energy in Warsaw’s fuel mix in the perspective of 2020. min. min. min.
Source: City of Warsaw’s internal data TABLE 13 - Share of renewable energy sources in total energy consumption (Central Statistical Office, data for Poland) 2013 2014 2015 It is also worth drawing attention to the SAIDI index, which indicates the average duration of power supply interruptions per user. The index is calculated for the leading operator in the area. ISO37120 value 11.2 % 11.4 % 11.4 %
Source: City of Warsaw’s internal data based on CSO’s data
An energy calculator and an insolation map for buildings (a low temperature geothermal map and insolation map) were developed under the Cities on Power project, available at: www.kalkulatorenergetyczny.um.warszawa.pl. The web page also provides information on grants for investments involving the use of renewable energy sources.
42 SUSTAINABLE DEVELOPMENT OF WARSAW 2014 – 2015 SUSTAINABLE DEVELOPMENT OF WARSAW 2014 – 2015 43 CHART 16 – The index of the average duration of system power supply interruptions PGN includes the creation of the Warsaw Air Index (WIP) to identify critically exceeded concentrations of harmful substances (pollution) in Warsaw on the basis of data acquired in real time from the WIOŚ (Voivodeship Sanitary Inspector Office) and better profile the intervention measures – e.g. wet cleaning of the streets, promotion of public transport to discourage private transport.
CHART 17 - Levels of particle concentration 33,3 33,7 33,2
25,9 22,5 22,7 2013
2014
2015
Concentration of particulate Concentration of particulate matter PM2,5 (annual average matter PM10 (annual average µg/m³, average reading µg/m³, average reading from 4 stations for 2014 from 5 stations according and 5 stations for 2015 to ROJP) according to ROJP) Source: Prepared by City of Warsaw on the basis of the Annual Air Quality Assessment for the Mazowieckie Voivodeship in 2013, 2014
Source: Energy Policy for Warsaw in the perspective of 2020 implementation process analysis – 2015 Balanced Scorecard. and 2015.
4.2. EMISSIONS TO THE AIR CHART 18 - The arithmetic mean of annual concentrations of pollutants from all the stations measuring air pollution in Warsaw: nitrogen dioxide, sulphur dioxide, ozone
Long-term economic and social development plans for Warsaw are aimed at the sustainable development of the city, 43,6 40,3 including the air quality improvement. Warsaw is working hard towards the reduction of concentrations of harmful 38,3 38,5 39,2 substances. 35,6
Impacts of air pollution on human health: 2013
particulate matter – it lodges itself into the alveolar walls, hinders the gas exchange, irritates epidermis and 2014
mucosa, causes upper respiratory tract infections and allergies, asthma, as well as lung, throat and larynx cancer; 2015 6,9 5,6 5,5 nitrogen dioxide – causes a weaker response of the immune system to bacterial infections, irritates the eyes and
the respiratory tract, causes breathing difficulties and allergies; Concentration of nitrogen Concentration of sulphur Concentration of ozone dioxide (annual average dioxide (annual average dioxide (annual average heavy metals (lead, cadmium, nickel, arsenic) – deposit in the bone marrow, spleen and kidneys, cause damage µg/m³, average reading µg/m³, average reading µg/m³, average reading from 4 stations according from 2 stations according from 3 stations according to the nervous system, anaemia, sleep disorders, mental ability deterioration, aggressiveness, may cause cancer. to ROJP) to ROJP) to ROJP) – may cause headaches, irritation of the eyes, respiratory tract (as well as pneumonia and bronchitis), ozone Source: Prepared by the City of Warsaw on the basis of the Annual Air Quality Assessment for Mazowieckie Voivodeship in 2013, 2014 breathing problems or even asthma attacks in vulnerable individuals (children, elderly people, asthmatics). A very and 2015. high concentration of ozone causes permanent cell and chromosome damage; PAH – polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (e.g. Benzo(a)pyrene, benzene) – may cause cancer, heritable genetic damage, impair fertility, harm to the unborn child
The Low Carbon Economy Plan for Warsaw approved by the City of Warsaw Council in December 2015 (PGN) builds on the Sustainable Energy Action Plan for Warsaw in the perspective of 2020. PGN is a programme statement for law carbon economy which expands the SEAP by including the air quality index. PGN is a support system for reaching the objectives of the Climate and Energy Package in the perspective of 2020, it is also aimed at improving the quality of life of the residents and improving the competitiveness of the economy. It also helps beneficiaries to obtain funding within the 2014-2020 financial perspective for the broadly defined law carbon economy projects.
44 SUSTAINABLE DEVELOPMENT OF WARSAW 2014 – 2015 SUSTAINABLE DEVELOPMENT OF WARSAW 2014 – 2015 45 4.3. NOISE Night-time index (LN) The zone with bad acoustic conditions, with potential night-time traffic noise exposure, encompasses over 700 residential Warsaw is one of Poland’s most noise-exposed cities. 35% of Varsovians mention noise pollution as one of the most units with approx. 1,600 residents. No residential units are located in the zone with very bad acoustic conditions. important issues in their neighbourhoods. Therefore, it is a strategic objective of Warsaw to decrease the noise pollution Source: 2013 Environmental Protection against Noise Programme for Warsaw of and www.mapaakustyczna.um.warszawa.pl levels to the permissible values, expressed by long-term noise indices. Certain operational objectives have been set to achieve the aforementioned objectives. 4.3.2. AIR TRAFFIC, RAIL (TRAIN AND TRAM) AND INDUSTRIAL NOISE (NOISE FROM OTHER AREAS OF ACTIVITIES) The City’s actions aimed at the reduction of the noise pollution: introduction of relevant provisions concerning spatial planning to the local master plans, so that noise pollution In comparison to road traffic noise, the remaining sources of urban noise, in this case airport traffic, rail traffic, electric does not exceed permissible levels; power lines and the so called industrial noise play a much smaller part in shaping the acoustic climate of Warsaw. efficient traffic management, e.g. traffic lights control, reducing speed by building roundabouts; construction, reconstruction and upgrades of roads, including the application of quiet road surfaces and building Limited use area (OOU) – where it is impossible to meet environmental quality standards outside a plant or other ring roads for lorry traffic purposes; facility whose operations impact on the environment despite the application of available technical, technological and upgrades of tram rails and replacement of the local collective transport rolling stock, both trains and buses; organisational solutions, the so-called limited use area (OOU) may be established. increasing the role of alternative, environmentally friendly transport (including development of cycle paths and the Veturilo city bike system; Warsaw has one Limited Use Area established for the Warsaw Chopin Airport. The area of the OOU is 105.85 km2; it improving the competitiveness of rail transport by increasing the coverage of the combined ticket tariff and is divided into two zones: developing the Park&Ride and Bike&Ride systems. Zone Z1 – with specified restrictions and prohibitions concerning the location of new residential buildings and functional changes in the housing developments. The aforementioned measures derive from the obligations stated in the 2013 Environmental Protection Against Zone Z2 – with specified restrictions and prohibitions concerning the location of buildings under special acoustic Noise Programme for Warsaw and the Environmental Protection Programme for Warsaw 2009-2012, including the protection, such as hospitals, nursing homes, schools, preschools, nurseries, etc. perspectives of 2016. The limited use area is bounded by an equal-loudness contour for a night-time value of 45 dB and daytime value of 55 4.3.1. TRAFFIC NOISE dB. Population registration records indicate that the OOU is inhabited by 317,000 people – 970 in Z1 and approx. 9,000 in Z2. Traffic is the main source of noise that shapes the acoustic climate in Warsaw. Long-term permissible noise exposure, Source:2013 Environmental Protection against Noise Programme for Warsaw. exposure to road traffic noise per 24 hours (LDNW) for the downtown areas with more than 100,000 residents is 70 dB, for the multi-family residential areas and the residential and services areas it is 68 dB, and for the single-family 24-hour index (LDWN) residential areas, hospitals, schools and preschools it is 64dB. The zone with bad acoustic conditions, with potential long-term airport traffic noise exposure, encompasses 25 residential units with approx. 79 residents. No residential units are located in the zone with very bad acoustic conditions Increasing traffic combined with the insufficient number of express roads and the quality of road surfaces result in for the 24-hour index. traffic being the main cause of the environmental deterioration. The Regulation of the Minister of the Environment of 14 June 2007 on the permissible noise levels in the environment (consolidated text, Journal of Laws of 2014, item 112) Night-time index (LN) specifies the permissible day- and night-time noise exposure levels. The permissible levels of noise exposure are not exceeded during the night.
Classification of the environmental acoustic conditions: 4.4. GREEN AREAS AND NATURE IN THE CITY within the limits: permissible noise exposure levels are not exceeded, poor: permissible noise exposure levels exceeded by < 10 dB – the 24-hour index covers approx. 116,600 people, Green areas cover 38% of the Warsaw’s total area. Spread across various areas, the green fabric of the city gives the night-time index covers approx. 101,400 people. This makes up 7% of Warsaw’s population, Warsaw a unique character and vibe. Green areas are the pillar of the leisure system, they impact the quality of life of bad: permissible noise exposure levels exceeded by 10 - 20 dB, the residents in the sphere that relies on natural environment, i.e. relaxation, sports and leisure. Together with their very bad: permissible noise exposure levels exceeded by > 20 dB. facilities and equipment, green squares, parks, lawns and forests provide the residents and visitors with an opportunity to spend their spare time and relax.
24-hour index (LDWN) The zone with bad acoustic conditions, with potential long-term traffic noise exposure, encompasses 700 residential units with approx. 1,700 occupants. No residential units are located in the zone with very bad acoustic conditions.
46 SUSTAINABLE DEVELOPMENT OF WARSAW 2014 – 2015 SUSTAINABLE DEVELOPMENT OF WARSAW 2014 – 2015 47 TABLE 15 – The ISO 37120:2014 index concerning green and developed areas TABLE 17 – The assessment of the condition of green areas of Warsaw 2014 2015
Green areas in hectares per 100,000 residents 1,357 1,066
Number of annually planted trees per 100,000 residents 1,082 1,227
Ratio of the number of jobs to the number of flats, should be 1.47 1,42 relative to 1 flat
Source: A November 2015 “Barometr Warszawski” survey – www.um.warszawa.pl/sites/default/files/attach/o-warszawie/bw_xi_2015.pdf
Source: prepared by City of Warsaw The remaining green areas, such as the Vistula River channel and surrounding beaches, as well as cemeteries, lawns, gardens, orchards, housing greenery, greenery around institutional facilities and historic sites, greenery surrounding Green areas are of great value to Warsaw. Green areas of approx. 20,000 hectares are the reason why Warsaw is schools, universities, hospitals, allotment gardens or cemetery greenery, are not managed by the City, but other entities; considered to be a green city. Urban green areas not only provide recreational opportunities, but also constitute an however, they ensure a balance of green areas located within the city. important element of the city’s ecological structure, and are a part of its tradition and history. Parks feature small palaces and venues intended for performing-arts events, directly connected with the city’s heritage and cultural life. A balanced distribution of parks and boulevards, and the Vistula River which flows through the middle of the city ensure fresh-air supply from the Kampinoski National Park, the Chojnowski Landscape Park and the Kabaty Woods to Everyone can relax among the greenery of the Łazienki Park, the Wilanów Park or any other park. Various free of charge the city centre. events are hosted these days in all parks across Warsaw, including concerts, performances and open-air charitable Source: www.um.warszawa.pl/dla-firm-i-inwestorow/artykuly-dla-firm-i-inwestorow/dlaczego-warszawa events. These are major summertime attractions for the tourists and the residents alike. www.rewitalizacja.um.warszawa.pl
Green areas of Warsaw can be divided into three main categories: PICTURE 7 – Map of green areas in Warsaw 1) 82 city parks; 2) urban forests; 3) street greenery, i.e. lawns, trees and shrubs along the roads and circulation routes; 4) protected areas.
87% of the residents of Warsaw think that the condition of green areas in Warsaw (the sum of “Very good” and “Good” assessments) is good, with nearly the same percentage of the residents claiming that the condition of green areas has improved (80%). The assessment of the condition of green areas in Warsaw is shown in table 16.
TABLE 16 – The assessment of the condition of green areas in Warsaw
Source: City of Warsaw, Environmental Protection Department, Environmental Strategy & Information Division Map – www.urban-landscape. net
Since 2005, Warsaw has been implementing the Local Regeneration Programme aimed at improving degraded urban areas, including the regeneration of green areas.
48 SUSTAINABLE DEVELOPMENT OF WARSAW 2014 – 2015 SUSTAINABLE DEVELOPMENT OF WARSAW 2014 – 2015 49 4.4.1. PROTECTED AREAS 4.4.2. OBJECTIVES OF WARSAW’S SPATIAL PLANNING POLICY
In 2015 an area of 12,028.9 ha (23.3%) in Warsaw was under legal protection due to its exceptional natural value. The City’s spatial planning actions aim to develop spatial planning and ensure spatial conditions for the sustainable These areas fall into different categories depending on the reasons for their protection, including economic and social development, protection of cultural and natural heritage, and the achievement of European living nature reserves (14.7%); standards. landscape parks (19.8%); protected landscape areas (64.7%); Objectives of the spatial planning policy include: and other (0.8%). 1) improvement of the spatial order of the city by: Source: Geography.Condition and Environmental Protection, Central Statistical Office - designating areas and defining principles of establishing multifunctional urban structures taking into account the different stages of their current development; Mazowieckie Voivodeship communes and districts of Warsaw make up the Warsaw Protected Landscape Area (WOChK) - defining the principles of arranging and shaping the elements that constitute the spatial structure of the city; with an area of 148,409.1 ha. It is a part of the national system of protecting areas featuring outstanding landscapes - designating areas for services and increasing the share of the centre-forming urban functions, in particular, in the and diverse ecosystems. WOChK is a system of spatially connected areas surrounding the Vistula and Narew valleys central parts of Warsaw located on the right bank of the Vistula River; running across the metropolitan area, together with the tributaries and adjacent forests. Those green areas provide - defining the standards for the development of individual areas of the city; ecological balance between biologically active areas and developed areas, thus ensuring that the residents of the 2) protecting the existing and establishing new elements of sustainable development of the city by: metropolitan area live in a good and healthy climate. Because of that WOChK is sometimes refereed to as the ecological - developing a coherent model of spatial development of the city that facilitates the implementation of the protection system of the city. development vision for Warsaw as a metropolitan city of international importance; Source: www.zielona.um.warszawa.pl/obszary-i-obiekty-chronione - developing economy based on advanced technologies (technology parks, business incubators); - preserving and expanding the system of protected areas of urban and cultural value; The Natura 2000 – the European network of protection areas – is a globally unique environmental protection endeavour. - preserving and expanding Warsaw’s natural system and preserving environmental quality and resources. Its objective is to protect biodiversity in Europe and preserve certain habitat types and species that are valuable and 3) determining the principles of shaping, protecting and further developing the system of protected areas of urban and threatened across Europe. Natura 2000 areas include parts of Warsaw, which is a rare occurrence in cities (one Special cultural value; Protection Area (SPA) was designated under the Birds Directive: - the Central Vistula Valley with an area of 2,350.6 4) determining the principles of shaping, protecting and expanding the system of nature in Warsaw and preserving ha and the Kampinos Forest with an area of 0.1 ha and one Special Area of Conservation (SAC) designated under the environmental quality and resources; Habitats Directive – the Kampinos Forest with an area of 0.114 ha). Source: www.natura2000.gdos.gov.pl/strona/wiem 5) improving and developing a transport system that ensures easy and safe transport of persons and goods while reducing its adverse impact on the natural and social environment by: The Regional Directorate for Environmental Protection in Warsaw develops environmental protection action plans to - developing a road and street system that is aimed at providing efficient connection of external, national and ensure that the impact of investments and projects on protected areas is studied at the planning stage. internal roads; - establishing road and cycle path networks; The identified threats to protected areas in the vicinity of Warsaw and the city itself include - establishing an integrated rail transport system (metro, trams, trains); climate change; - establishing zones with varying transport and parking conditions; water pollution; - establishing locations for tram and bus depots, and goods-traffic management centres; destruction of riparian forests and disturbance of birds during the period of breeding, - designating aeronautical facilities; local threats: poaching, bonfires and meadow fires, and cutting down trees by the residents of the inter-embankment 6) improving and developing utility systems. zone; Source: The Core Strategy Document of Warsaw for 2014 plans of making passable the East-West waterway – leading to the regulation and deepening of the river bed and the development of infrastructure on the river; TABLE 18 Number of jobs to number of flats removal of trees and shrubs from the inter-embankment zone as a flood prevention measure; use of river water resources for the municipal and industrial needs in Warsaw; 2014 2015 economic transformation of the agricultural sector leading to gradual decline of traditional grassland and pastoral The ratio of the number of jobs to the number of flats with 0.94 1.42 farming – loss of biodiversity at all its levels; relative to 1 flat increase in uncontrolled tourist traffic and broadly defined non-organised leisure; small number of educational and tourist trails with appropriate infrastructure; pressure from increasingly urbanised areas, increase in forest penetration by humans, possible further deterioration Source: prepared by City of Warsaw of the water circulation system (desiccation), expansion of alien species of trees and shrubs. Source: www.warszawa.rdos.gov.pl/plany-zadan-ochronnych-w-pigulce-na-przykladzie-obszarow-natura-2000-w wojewodztwie-mazowieckim, www.obszary.natura2000.org.pl
50 SUSTAINABLE DEVELOPMENT OF WARSAW 2014 – 2015 SUSTAINABLE DEVELOPMENT OF WARSAW 2014 – 2015 51 4.5. WATER AND SANITATION INFRASTRUCTURE Water is monitored by the agencies of the State Sanitary Inspection (Państwowa Inspekcja Sanitarna) and Miejskie The primary water supply sources for Warsaw are the Vistula River and the Zegrze Reservoir. Infiltration water drawn Przedsiębiorstwo Wodociągów i Kanalizacji w m.st. Warszawie S.A. from beneath the Vistula River bed covers approx. 70% of the city’s demand for water and is treated in two Central Water Treatment Plant stations (Filtry and Praga stations). Water from the Zegrze Reservoir is drawn and treated by Very good bacteriological and physicochemical parameters, as well as a considerable improvement in the quality of the Northern Water Treatment Plant. water treated by the Warsaw’s plants are a result of investments in modern technologies and upgrades. Since 2010 the TABLE 19 – Water output in the years 2013-2014 by plants (in thousands of m3) Central Plant has been using indirect ozonisation and active carbon filtration processes, while the Northern Plant has been equipped with a modern process line – the Pressure Flotation Station in which water is pre-treated. Year Central Plant Northern Plant Pruszków Plant Total output 2013 91,108.6 29,772.0 18.8 120,899.4 PICTURE 8 – Household tap water consumption purposes
2014 89,496.00 28,872.0 23.7 118,391.7 2015 91,818.6 29,744.7 34.6 121,597.9
Source: Environmental Protection Programme for Warsaw 2009-2012, including the perspective of 2016, Miejskie Przedsiębiorstwo Wodociągów i Kanalizacji w m.st. Warszawie S.A. (Municipal Water and Sewerage Company) and City of Warsaw’s internal data 98% of water used for Warsaw’s industrial and municipal needs comes from surface water intakes.„Gruba Kaśka”
Gruba Kaśka (Fat Kate) The facility built in the Vistula River bed is the biggest infiltration well in Europe. It has been in operation for more than 50 years now! Gruba Kaśka is the most recognisable element of the Praga WaterTreatment Station. It is over 49 metres
tall, has a perimeter of 44 metres, and is connected with the station site via a 311-metre-long tunnel running under the Vistula River. The construction of Gruba Kaśka was one of the most famous and innovative projects in the past. The Source: Report from the survey: Assessment of the quality of water supplied from the municipal water supply network and a general project commenced in 1953, and water from Gruba Kaśka started to run through taps in Warsaw in September 1964. assessment of the quality of services provided by the Municipal Water and Sewerage Company, prepared by City of Warsaw, Centre for Public Water produced by Miejskie Przedsiębiorstwo Wodociągów i Kanalizacji w m.st. Warszawie S.A. is safe for the health of Communication, Research and Analysis Division, April 2014. the residents and meets the requirements set forth in the Regulation of the Minister of Health of 13 November 2015 on the quality of water intended for human consumption (Journal of Laws of 2015, item 1989). The Company is also responsible for upgrades of the water supply network and the infiltration intakes. Upgrades of the water supply network are aimed at improving the quality of water supplied to the consumers. Maintaining good CHART 19 – Assessment of the household tap water quality technical condition and preventing infrastructure degradation by replacing old, corroded sections of the water supply network, or sections made of asbestos-cement is an important measure to reduce secondary water pollution and limit the number of breakdowns.
In order to increase the volume of services rendered, the Company has to maintain the water supply network accessibility index at the level of at least at 98% for the Warsaw metropolitan area. The water supply network accessibility index is calculated by City of Warsaw, Infrastructure Department, on the basis of population registration data and data on the existing water supply network in the city. The water supply network accessibility index as at 31 December 2015 was 98.5%.
A high accessibility index has been maintained due to such measures as the construction of at least 235 km of the water distribution network in booming districts (including Białołęka, Wawer, Wesoła and Rembertów) by 2021; the construction of at least 52 km of the water-main network in the districts of Wesoła, Wawer, east part of
Białołęka and Bemowo (area of Chrzanów) by 2019. Source: Centre for Public Communication, 2014 survey
52 SUSTAINABLE DEVELOPMENT OF WARSAW 2014 – 2015 SUSTAINABLE DEVELOPMENT OF WARSAW 2014 – 2015 53 Improved management of the water supply infrastructure has also been possible due to a mathematical model that has 4.6. SEWAGE been implemented for the management of the water supply network. This computerised model will also improve the The treatment of sewage from the area of Warsaw is the responsibility of Miejskie Przedsiębiorstwo Wodociągów reliability and efficiency of the network. i Kanalizacji m.st. Warszawie S.A (the Municipal Water Supply and Sewerage Company) in Warsaw.
The water supply network accessibility index has been maintained in line with the “Policy for the Development of the CHART 20 – The assessment of the quality of services provided by the Municipal Water and Sewerage Company in Water Supply and Sewerage System in Warsaw by 2025” adopted in Resolution No. LXXXIV/2839/2006 of the Warsaw Warsaw. City Council of 26 October 2006, and with the “Water Supply and Wastewater Treatment in Warsaw – Stage V and VI” project. The aforementioned objective is provided for in the 2016-2024 Long-term Economic Plan of the Company.
An important aspect of the operations carried out by Miejskie Przedsiębiorstwo Wodociągów i Kanalizacji w m.st. Warszawie S.A. is the systematic improvement in the satisfaction level of the service recipients. The quality of the water supply services has a direct impact on the standard of living of the residents; therefore, it is important that this quality is improved on a continuous basis.
The plans for the years to come include: expansion of the remote water meter reading system; introduction of a new billing system by 2018; systematic improvement of employees’ customer-service qualifications by 2021; Source: Centre for Public Communication – 2014 survey in the years 2018-2020, the completion of the indirect ozonisation and active carbon filtration processes system at
the station of the Northern Water Treatment Plant in Wieliszew; The processes of sewage treatment are characterised by a high efficiency in removing impurities and a low onerousness upgrade of the clearwell at the Białołęka Zone Station. to the neighbouring area – highly-efficient deodorising systems, reducing the emission of malodorous compounds, operate both in the “Czajka” and the “Południe” sewage treatment plants. TABLE 20 – Water and sanitation infrastructure The Municipal Water and Sewerage Company in Warsaw is investing in the preparation and implementation of the 2014 2015 “Water Supply and Wastewater Treatment in Warsaw” Project - Phase V and VI”. The project includes the design Percentage of Warsaw’s population with access to 100% 100% and development of the central control system for combined sewerage and the construction of transitory sewers and the drinking water supply system retention tanks on site of the “Czajka” sewage treatment plant by 2020. Percentage of Warsaw’s population with access to 98.5% 98.5% the water supply system The implementation of these measures will Percentage of Warsaw’s population with access to 100% 100% result in a significant reduction in local flooding resulting from the uncontrolled outflow of sewage from the the sanitation infrastructure combined sewerage system; Household water consumption per one resident 131 133 result in a significant reduction in “discharges” of sewage into the Vistula river via storm-water sewers on rainy (litre/day) days; Water consumption per one resident (litre/day) 165 169 facilitate the optimum operation of the combined sewerage network; reduce the environmental impact; Average household water supply interruption (in 0.107 0.106 substantially influence the improvement of safety and the quality of life for the residents of Warsaw. hours) Water losses (in %) 10.45% 10.1% 43 km of sewerage network is due to be redeveloped, renovated or upgraded by 2021. In order to increase the volume of provided services, the company needs to maintain the sewerage-network accessibility index at the level of at least 98% Source: City of Warsaw’s internal data for the agglomeration area of Warsaw. The sewerage-network accessibility index is determined by City of Warsaw’s
54 SUSTAINABLE DEVELOPMENT OF WARSAW 2014 – 2015 SUSTAINABLE DEVELOPMENT OF WARSAW 2014 – 2015 55 Infrastructure Department on the basis of population registration data and data on the existing sewerage network in The sewage from the area of the Warsaw agglomeration and some of the adjacent communes is treated in the following the city. The sewerage-network accessibility index was 98.01% as at 31 December 2015. plants: „Czajka”, „Południe”, Pruszków and „Dębe”. These plants treated a total of 178,176.627 thousand m3 of sewage in 2014. Table 22 presents the volume of sewage treated in 2013 and 2014. The main task of the Municipal Water and Sewerage Company in Warsaw related to the maintenance of the sewerage- network accessibility index is the planned construction of 411.5 km of sewerage network by 2020. The index is TABLE 22 - The volume of sewage treated in the years 2013-2015, divided by plants (thousand m3) implemented in line with “Water Supply and Sewerage System Development Policy in Warsaw by 2025”, adopted by Resolution No. LXXXIV/2839/2006 of the Warsaw City Council of 26 October 2006 and as part of the “Water Supply Plant 2013 2014 2015 and Wastewater Treatment in Warsaw – Phase V and VI’” Project. "Czajka" 153,697.349 142,732.186 132,961.093
CHART 21 - The use of services provided by the Municipal Water and Sewerage Company in Warsaw "Południe" 20,271.760 19,115.800 17,373.196
"Dębe" 1,696.798 1,492.189 1,362.033
Pruszków 16,016.321 14,836.452 11,728.041
Total 191,682.228 178,176.627 163,424.363
Source: The Municipal Water Supply and Sewerage Company in Warsaw, Warsaw 2014
PICTURE 9 - Sewage treatment plants of the Municipal Water Supply and Sewerage Treatment Company in Warsaw Source: The Municipal Water Supply and Sewerage Company in Warsaw, Warsaw 2014, The 2014
Source: Centre for Public Communication – 2014 survey
The next objective is to improve the level of customer satisfaction. This is done by qualitative and quantitative analysis. The quality of provided sewerage services has a direct impact on the quality of life of the residents, and it is therefore essential to improve the quality of the services on an ongoing basis. The company conducts customer-satisfaction surveys among individual customers and institutional clients.
The percentage of population with access to the sewerage system is growing. All the sewage is treated. The share of all the sewage which undergoes pre-treatment, biological and additional treatment processes amounted to 100% in each of the indicators presented in Table 21. Source: The Municipal Water Supply and Sewerage Company in Warsaw, Warsaw 2014, The 2014 Annual Report of the Municipal Water Supply and Sewerage Company in Warsaw TABLE 21 – ISO 37120:2014 indicators for sewage management.
Sewage in Warsaw is treated in two sewage treatment plants, i.e: 2014 2015 1) “Czajka” sewage treatment plant The percentage of population with access to the sewerage 96.6% 97.2% 2) “Południe” sewage treatment plant system The share of untreated sewage 0% 0% “Czajka” sewage treatment plant The upgrade of the “Czajka” sewage treatment plant was the largest environmental protection project in Europe The share of sewage subject to pre-treatment 100% 100% and the largest EU-funded infrastructure investment in Poland. The total cost of the project, including associated The share of sewage subject to biological treatment 100% 100% investments, amounted to approx. Euro 769 mln. “Czajka” plays a major role in the sewage treatment system. It handles approximately 85% of sewage from the area Source: City of Warsaw’s internal data of Warsaw. It is a mechanical and biological treatment plant, which has the capacity of 435.3 thousand m3 of sewage a day, and the electricity generated during the treatment is used for heating purposes.
56 SUSTAINABLE DEVELOPMENT OF WARSAW 2014 – 2015 SUSTAINABLE DEVELOPMENT OF WARSAW 2014 – 2015 57 Thanks to the upgrade and remodelling of the “Czajka” sewage treatment plant, the anticipated environmental impact Every day, over 270 special-purpose vehicles, collecting approx. 1,700 tonnes of waste, are deployed to the streets of has been achieved. The facility is completely safe for people and the environment, and the quality of treated sewage Warsaw. In order to collect all the waste fractions from all the real properties, the collection crews cover approx. 8,600 is good enough for the sewage to be discharged into the Vistula River. The dehydrated sludge from sewage treatment routes a month. plants is transferred to the Sludge Thermal Disposal Station, where it is dried and incinerated. Over 342 tonnes of expired medications and nearly 400 kg of mercury-in-glass thermometers were collected in 2015. “Południe” sewage treatment plant The number of pharmacies and limited-service pharmacies which collect expired medications and mercury-in-glass The “Południe” plant is a mechanical and biological sewage treatment plant. It has the capacity of up to 80,000 m3 of thermometers is growing each year. sewage a day, which accounts for approx. 15% of total sewage produced in Warsaw. Source: prepared by City of Warsaw Source: The Municipal Water Supply and Sewerage Company in Warsaw, Warsaw 2014 TABLE 23 - Waste The development of the sewerage infrastructure. 2014 2015 upgrading and expanding the city’s combined and separate sewer system; using individual discharge and treatment systems in areas of low development density; The percentage of residents covered by solid-waste 100% 100% regulating water and sewage management in the separate sewerage catchment area; collection system (from households) redeveloping and upgrading the main receiving bodies of storm-water from the separate sewage system area; The quantity of general waste per 1 resident of the City of 0.37 0.46 recreating, redeveloping and revitalising natural ponds, lakes, reservoirs and land hollows for the purpose of storm Warsaw [in tonnes] tonnes tonnes water retention. The share of recycled waste 5.44% 5.02%
Source: The Core Strategy Document of City of Warsaw, amended. The share of landfilled waste 0.03% 0.04% The share of waste subject to thermal treatment 4.8% 4.69% 4.7. WASTE in an incineration plant The share of municipal waste subject to open burning 0% 0% On 1 August 2014 a new system of municipal waste collection and management was introduced in the entire area of Warsaw. It resulted from new legislation concerning municipal waste management in force since 2013. The share of waste in illegal landfills* 0.89% 0.65%
The task of the city is to pursue the following goals laid down in the Act of 13 September 1996 on keeping communes The share of waste managed otherwise 89.73% 90.25% clean and orderly (Journal of Laws of 2016, item 250): 1) reaching the level of recycling and preparing for re-use of the following municipal waste fractions (paper, metal, The production of hazardous waste per 1 resident [in 0.0009 0.0009 plastic and glass) amounting to at least 50% of the total weight by 31 December 2020. tonnes] 2) reaching the level of recycling, preparing for re-use and recovery with other methods of construction waste and demolition waste constituting municipal waste other than hazardous waste, amounting to 70% of the total weight Source: The Local Data Bank of the Central Statistical Office and City of Warsaw’s internal data by 31 December 2020. The city is planning to reach these levels stage by stage. The required recycling levels to be reached in individual In 2014 and 2015 the objectives were achieved at the required levels with respect to: years have been laid down in the Regulation of the Minister of the Environment of 29 May 2012 on the levels reducing the volume of landfilled biodegradable municipal waste; of recycling, preparing for re-use and recovery with other methods of selected municipal-waste fractions (Journal recycling and preparing for re-use the following general waste fractions: paper, metal, plastic and glass; of Laws of 2012, item 645). recycling, preparing for re-use and recovery with other methods of construction and demolition waste, other 3) reaching the required levels of reduction in the volume of biodegradable municipal waste which is landfilled to than hazardous waste. 35% of the total weight until 16 July 2020. The required levels to be reached in individual years were laid down in the Regulation of the Minister of the Environment of 25 May 2012 on the level of reducing the volume of biodegradable general waste which is landfilled and on the methods of calculating the level of reduction in the volume of the waste (Journal of Laws of 2012, item 676).
The municipal-waste collection system set up by the commune covers all real-property owners. The municipal waste is collected from the areas of individual districts by three operators. On real properties covered by the system, over 103,000 municipal-waste collection points were recorded, which the operators equipped with over 195,000 waste containers. The waste is collected in bags from over 22,000 points.
58 SUSTAINABLE DEVELOPMENT OF WARSAW 2014 – 2015 SUSTAINABLE DEVELOPMENT OF WARSAW 2014 – 2015 59 CHART 22 - Waste 8,20% The total volume of waste collected in the area of Warsaw amounted to: 638,563.9 Mg of municipal waste in 2014 804,073.2 Mg of municipal waste in 2015. The quantity of waste subject to separate collection amounted to: 5,44% 127,252.8 Mg in 2014, which accounted for 19.93% of collected waste, 5,02% 4,80%4,69% 156,910.2 Mg in 2015, which accounted for 19.51% of collected waste,
2013 It needs to be stressed that more municipal waste was collected in 2015 than in the years 2011-2014. There is a steady 2014 growth in the quantity of sorted waste collected in the area of the city, but it is still necessary to increase the number 2015 of refuse-derived raw materials collected “at source” and to recycle them, in order to reach the required levels.
1,54% Source: The analysis of the condition of the municipal-waste management in the City of Warsaw in 2014. The analysis of the condition of the 0,89% 0,65% general-waste management in the City of Warsaw in 2015. 0,03% 0,04%
Share of recycled Share of landfilled Share of waste Share of waste in 4.7.1. THE DEVELOPMENT OF WASTE MANAGEMENT INFRASTRUCTURE. waste waste subject to thermal illegal landfills* treatment in an incineration plant The main objectives of development were defined on the basis of the analysis of the existing condition, legislation and Source: City of Warsaw’s internal data *Data on the basis of the volume of waste collected from illegal landfills. the provisions included in “The Mazowieckie Voivodeship Master Zoning Plan” and “The City of Warsaw Development Strategy by 2020”. As far as waste management is concerned, the objectives include: The level of reduction in the volume of land filled biodegradable municipal waste amounted to 2.43% in 2014 and 1) construction of facilities for recycling and treatment of waste: 0.91% in 2015. The level of recycling and preparing for re-use of the following municipal waste fractions: paper, metal, • completing the land reclamation of the Radiowo landfill, and the expansion of the composting plant by adding plastic and glass amounted to 14.11% in 2014 and to 17.8% in 2015. The level of recycling, preparing for re-use and a sorting plant for mixed waste, a disassembly line for bulky waste and a warehouse for the temporary collection recovery of construction and demolition waste, other than hazardous waste, amounted to 97.07% in 2014, and in 2015 of hazardous waste; – 98.6% • expanding and upgrading the thermal waste treatment facility, with a possibility to treat sludge; • building a municipal-waste treatment plant outside the city; In order to increase the level of waste sorting, Warsaw has initiated the following measures: • building a reloading station with a sorting plant at Kłobucka and Marsa St.; increasing ecological education promoting the decrease in the quantity of produced waste and separate collection 2) developing supplementary facilities for the purposes of the collection system; of refuse-derived raw materials. 3) reducing the quantity of landfilled waste; optimising and improving the separate collection system “at source”, 4) expanding the system of disposal stations with hermetic liquid waste collection, reducing the transportation of the establishing a lower fee for collecting waste subject to separate collection, as compared to the fee for collecting waste and introducing the control of the operation of liquid waste collection. waste not subject to separate collection. In the area Warsaw, there are four regional municipal-waste processing facilities, including one facility where thermal Source: The Core Strategy Document of Warsaw, amended. waste treatment is performed. It should be stressed that the majority of the objectives described in “The Study...” have been reached. TABLE 24 – the quantity of individual types of municipal waste collected in the area of Warsaw (in tonnes) CONTACT (In tonnes) 2013 2014 2015 PERSON RESPONSIBLE FOR ANSWERING QUERIES CONCERNING THE REPORT OR ITS CONTENTS: Mixed waste 53,125.9 511,311.1 575,953.6 LESZEK DROGOSZ Separate collection 4,606.0 127,252.8 156,910.2 HEAD OF THE INFRASTRUCTURE DEPARTMENT OF THE CITY OF WARSAW Biodegradable waste 1,078.5 - 21,361.2 Construction and renovation-work 4,358.6 - 9,564.3 77/79 MARSZAŁKOWSKA ST., 00-683 WARSAW waste [email protected] Other municipal waste (as far as the 638.1 - 40,283.9 year 2014 is concerned, the item “separate collection” includes biodegradable waste, bulky waste, and renovation waste)
Source: the City of Warsaw’s internal data
60 SUSTAINABLE DEVELOPMENT OF WARSAW 2014 – 2015 SUSTAINABLE DEVELOPMENT OF WARSAW 2014 – 2015 61 INDEX OF GRI
Division Aspect List of Indicator Page
G4-1Vision statement of chief executive Division Aspect G4-2 Opportunities related to sustainability List of Indicator Page About the report G4-15 External charters and principles to which the organization subscribes or which it endorses 5, 8, 9, 13 G4-56 The organization’s values, principles, standards and norms of behavior G4-1Vision statement of chief executive G4-SO4 Communication and training on anti-corruption policies and procedures G4-2 Opportunities related to sustainability About the report G4--2815 ReportingExternal charters period and principles to which the organization subscribes or which it endorses 5, 8, 9, 13 G4--2456 AThe list organization’s of stakeholder values, groups principles, engaged bystandards the organization and norms of behavior Reporting period - 2014-2015 Basic information G4--25SO4 The Communication basis for identification and training and on selection anti-corruption of stakeholders policies with and whomprocedures to engage 6, 20 G4-26 The organization’s approach to stakeholder engagement G4-28 Reporting period G4--324 Name A list ofof thestakeholder organization groups engaged by the organization
n Reporting period - 2014-2015
o Basic information G4--425 Primary The basis brands, for identification products, and and services selection of stakeholders with whom to engage 6, 20 G4--526 Location The organization’s of the organizational approach headquartersto stakeholder engagement ducti o r
t G4-6 Countries where the organization operates
n Important facts G4-3 Name of the organization 8, 11 I n G4-7 Nature of ownership and legal form o G4-4 Primary brands, products, and services G4-8 Markets served G4-5 Location of the organizational headquarters ducti
o G4-9 Scale of organization r
t G4-6 Countries where the organization operates
n Important facts G4-17 The entities included in the organization’s consolidated financial statements 8, 11 I G4--177 Nature The entities of ownership included and in the legal organization’s form consolidated financial statements Structure of G4-8 Markets served G4-34 The governance structure of the organization 8, 9, 10, 11 Warsaw City Hall G4--PR59 Scale Results of organization of surveys measuring customer satisfaction G4-17 The entities included in the organization’s consolidated financial statements G4-2 Opportunities related to sustainability G4-17 The entities included in the organization’s consolidated financial statements Structure of G4-15 External charters and principles to Warsaw as the G4-34 The governance structure of the organization 8, 9, 10, 11 Warsaw City Hall which the organization subscribes or which it endorses str. 9, 13 Capital City G4-PR5 Results of surveys measuring customer satisfaction G4-56 The organization’s values, principles, standards and norms of behavior G4-2 Opportunities related to sustainability G4-DMA Report how the organization manages the material aspect or its impacts Warsaw as the G4-15 External charters and principles to G4-EC1 Direct economic value generated and distributed str. 9, 13 CapitalFinance City which the organization subscribes or which it endorses str. 14-19
s 4G4-EC7-56 DevelopmentThe organization’s and impact values, of principles, infrastructure standards and services and norms supported of behavior r o G4--SO1DMA Percentage Report how of the operations organization with managesimplemented the material local community aspect or engagement, its impacts impact assessments, and Finance developmentG4-EC1 Direct programs economic value generated and distributed str. 14-19 indicat
c G4-10 Structure of employees i s Governance 4-EC7 Development and impact of infrastructure and services supported 12-13, 20-21 r
o G4-11 Percent of employees covered by collective bargaining agreements G4-SO1 Percentage of operations with implemented local community engagement, impact assessments, and G4-LA13 Ratio of basic salary and remuneration of women to men by employee category, by significant locations of conom development programs E
indicat operation
c G4-10 Structure of employees i Governance G4-EC1 Direct economic value generated and distributed 12-13, 20-21 Economy G4-11 Percent of employees covered by collective bargaining agreements 13, 16 G4- SO4 Communication and training on anti-corruption policies and procedures G4-LA13 Ratio of basic salary and remuneration of women to men by employee category, by significant locations of conom E operation G4-EC1 Direct economic value generated and distributed Economy 13, 16 G4- SO4 Communication and training on anti-corruption policies and procedures
G4-26 The organization’s approach to stakeholder engagement G4-27 Key topics and concerns that have been raised through stakeholder engagement Education G4-PR5 Results of surveys measuring customer satisfaction 22-25 G4-SO1 Percentage of operations with implemented local community engagement, impact assessments, and G4-26 The organization’s approach to stakeholder engagement development programs G4-27 Key topics and concerns that have been raised through stakeholder engagement G4-26 The organization’s approach to stakeholder engagement Education G4-PR5 Results of surveys measuring customer satisfaction 22-25 G4-27 Key topics and concerns that have been raised through stakeholder engagement G4-SO1 Percentage of operations with implemented local community engagement, impact assessments, and Culture G4-PR5 Results of surveys measuring customer satisfaction 25-28 development programs G4-SO1 Percentage of operations with implemented local community engagement, impact assessments, and G4-26 The organization’s approach to stakeholder engagement development programs G4-27 Key topics and concerns that have been raised through stakeholder engagement G4-27 Key topics and concerns that have been raised through stakeholder engagement
s Culture G4-PR5 Results of surveys measuring customer satisfaction 25-28 r
o G4-SO1 Percentage of operations with implemented local community engagement, impact assessments, and Fire and emergency development programs 28-30 response indicat G4-27 Key topics and concerns that have been raised through stakeholder engagement al s r ci o o S Fire and emergency G4-27 Key topics and concerns that have been raised through stakeholder engagement 28-30 responseHealth 30-32 indicat
al G4-27 Key topics and concerns that have been raised through stakeholder engagement ci
o Recreation 32-33 S G4-27 Key topics and concerns that have been raised through stakeholder engagement Health G4-27 Key topics and concerns that have been raised through stakeholder engagement 30-32 Safety G4-27 Key topics and concerns that have been raised through stakeholder engagement 28-30 Recreation 32-33 G4-27 Key topics and concerns that have been raised through stakeholder engagement Shelter 35-36 G4-27 Key topics and concerns that have been raised through stakeholder engagement Safety G4-27 Key topics and concerns that have been raised through stakeholder engagement 28-30 Transportation 33-35 G4-27 Key topics and concerns that have been raised through stakeholder engagement Shelter 35-36 G4-DMA Report how the organization manages the material aspect or its impacts (Energy) G4--EC227 Key Financial topics implicationsand concerns and that other have risks been and raised opportunities through stakeholder for the organization's engagement activities due to climate change Transportation G4-EN3 Energy consumption within the organization 33-35 Energy 38-44 G4-EN5 Energy intensity G4-DMA Report how the organization manages the material aspect or its impacts (Energy) G4-EN6 Reduction in energy used as a result of efficiency initiatives G4-EC2 Financial implications and other risks and opportunities for the organization's activities due to climate change G4-EN3 Energy consumption within the organization Energy 38-44 G4--DMAEN5 Energy Report intensity how the organization manages the material aspect or its impacts (Air quality and noise) s
r G4-EN15 Direct Greenhouse Gas (GHG) emissions o Environment G4-EN6 Reduction in energy used as a result of efficiency initiatives 44-47 G4-EN16 Indirect Greenhouse Gas (GHG) emissions G4-EN19 Reduction of GHG emissions indicat
G4-DMA Report how the organization manages the material aspect or its impacts (Air quality and noise)
s G4-DMA Report how the organization manages the material aspect or its impacts (Waste) r G4-EN15 Direct Greenhouse Gas (GHG) emissions o
tal en Environment 44-47 Solid waste G4--EN23EN16 TotalIndirect weight Greenhouse of waste Gas by type(GHG) and emissions disposal method 59-61 m n
o G4-EN19 Reduction of GHG emissions r indicat
G4-DMA Report how the organization manages the material aspect or its impacts (Urban planning) vi
n G4-DMA Report how the organization manages the material aspect or its impacts (Waste)
E Urban planning 51
tal en Solid waste G4-EN23 Total weight of waste by type and disposal method 59-61 m
n G4-DMA Report how the organization manages the material aspect or its impacts (Wastewater) o r Wastewater G4-DMA Report how the organization manages the material aspect or its impacts (Urban planning) 55-58 vi G4-EN26 Water bodies affected by the organization’s discharges of water and runoff n
E Urban planning 51 G4-DMA Report how the organization manages the material aspect or its impacts (Water and sanitation) Water and G4--EN9DMA Water Report sources how the significantly organization affected manages by withdrawal the material of aspect water or its impacts (Wastewater) 52-55 Wastewatersanitation G4-EN26 Water bodies affected by the organization’s discharges of water and runoff 55-58 G4-DMA Report how the organization manages the material aspect or its impacts (Water and sanitation) Water and G4-EN9 Water sources significantly affected by withdrawal of water 52-55 sanitation List of ISO 37120 indicators Number of firefighters per Core/ supporting core indicator 72,1 75,8 30 Division Aspect Indicator 2014 Data 2015 Data Page 100 000 population indicator Debt service ratio (debt Number of fire related service expenditure as a deaths per 100 000 core indicator 1,04 1,09 30 percentage of a core indicator 2,2% 2,6% index population municipality’s own-source Number of volunteer and tors revenue) Fire and emergency part time firefighters per supporting indicator 10,63 14,35 30
Finance Capital spending as a Social indicators response 100 000 population indic a
ic percentage of total supporting indicator 17,6% 10,4% 18 Response time for expenditures emergency response supporting indicator 14,54 min. 13,15 min. 30 Own-source revenue as a Econo m services from initial call percentage of total supporting indicator 75% 79,8% 15 revenues Response time for fire supporting indicator 9 min. 8,12 min. 30 Voter participation in last department from initial call municipal election (as a core indicator 47,42% 47,42% index percentage of eligible Average life expectancy core indicator m.: 76,2 k: 82,6 m.: 76,1 k: 82,3 31 voters) Number of in-patient Women as a percentage of hospital beds per 100 000 core indicator 718,78 718,78 (2014) 31 total elected to city-level core indicator 42% 44% index population office Number of physicians per core indicator 500,4 500,4 (2014) 31 Percentage of women 100 000 population Governance employed in the city supporting indicator 71,68% 71,57% index Health Under age five mortality core indicator 3,3 4,1 31 government workforce per 1 000 live births Citizens’ representation: Number of nursing and number of local officials midwifery personnel per supporting indicator 933,04 933,04 (2014) 31 supporting indicator 27 27 index elected to office per 100 100 000 population 000 population Suicide rate per 100 000 supporting indicator 14,06 14,06 (2014) indeks Number of registered population voters as a percentage of supporting indicator 100 100 index the voting age population Number of police officers core indicator 426,72 425,08 29 City’s unemployment rate core indicator 4,2 3,7 index per 100 000 population
Percentage of city Number of homicides per core indicator 1,97 1,04 29 population living in core indicator 3% 3% index 100 000 population poverty
Percentage of persons in Safety Crimes against property supporting indicator 97,91% 97,95% index supporting indicator 2058 1956 29 Economy fulltime employment per 100 000
Youth unemployment rate supporting indicator 6,39% 6,39% - dla 2014 index Response time for police Number of businesses per supporting indicator 11,23 min. 10,08 min. 29 supporting indicator 22013 22908 index department from initial call 100 000 population Number of new patents Violent crime rate per 100 per 100 000 population supporting indicator 27,07% 27,19% index supporting indicator 78,6 57,1 29 000 population per year Number of homeless per supporting indicator 145,2 144,9 index 100 000 population Number of internet connections per 100 000 core indicator 66753 66779 index Shelter population
Number of landline phone connections per 100 000 supporting indicator 31168 31168 (2014) index population
Kilometres of high capacity public transport system per core indicator 7,49 7,78 index 100 000 population
Kilometres of light passenger public transport core indicator 75,32 76,01 index system per 100 000 population
Annual number of public core indicator 626 652 index transport trips per capita Number of personal core indicator 0,62 0,69 index automobiles per capita
Percentage of commuters 61% Transportation using a travel mode other supporting indicator 61% index (2015) than a personal vehicle Number of two-wheel Percentage of the city’s motorized vehicles per supporting indicator 0,021 0,025 index Solid waste solid waste that is disposed supporting indicator 4,80% 4,69% 59 capita of in an incinerator Kilometres of bicycle paths and lanes per 100 000 supporting indicator 23,96 26,34 index Percentage of the city’s population solid waste that is burned supporting indicator 0% 0% 59 openly Transportation fatalities supporting indicator 3,77 3,57 index per 100 000 population Percentage of the city’s solid waste that is disposed supporting indicator 0,89% 0,65% 59 Commercial air of in an open dump connectivity (number of supporting indicator 115 121 index non-stop commercial air destinations) Percentage of the city’s solid waste that is disposed supporting indicator 89,73% 90,25% 59 Total residential electrical of by other means energy use per capita core indicator 1888 1816 41 Hazardous waste (kWh/ year) supporting indicator 0,0009 0,0009 59 generation per capita to rs a c Percentage of city Green area (hectares) per nd i i core indicator 1357 1066 index population with authorized core indicator 100% 100% index 100 000 population ta l electrical service Annual number of trees Urban planning planted per 100 000 supporting indicator 1082 1227 index on me n r Percentage of total energy i
v population n derived from renewable E sources, as a share of the core indicator 11,45% 11,4% 42 Energy Jobs/housing ratio supporting indicator 1,47 1,42 51 city’s total energy consumption Percentage of city Total electrical energy use supporting indicator 4232 4291 41 population served by core indicator 96,6% 97,2% 56 per capita (kWh/year) wastewater collection
Average number of Percentage of the city’s electrical interruptions per supporting indicator 0,002 0,002 43 wastewater that has core indicator 0% 0% 56 customer per year received no treatment
Average length of electrical Percentage of the city’s supporting indicator 1h 23 min. 1h 20 min. 43, 44 Wastewater interruptions (in hours) wastewater receiving core indicator 100% 100% 56 primary treatment
Fine Particulate Matter Percentage of the city’s core indicator 22,5 22,7 45 (PM2.5) concentration wastewater receiving core indicator 100% 100% 56 secondary treatment Particulate Matter (PM10) core indicator 33,7 33,2 45 Percentage of the city’s concentration wastewater receiving core indicator 100% 100% 56 Greenhouse gas emissions tertiary treatment measured in tonnes per core indicator 6,81 6,81 (2014) index capita Percentage of city population with potable core indicator 100% 100% 54 Environment NO2 (nitrogen dioxide) supporting indicator 35,6 38,5 45 water supply service concentration
SO2 (sulphur dioxide) supporting indicator 5,6 5,5 45 Percentage of city concentration population with core indicator 98,4% 98,5% 54 O3 (ozone) concentration supporting indicator 40,3 39,2 45 sustainable access to an improved water source Percentage of population Noise pollution supporting indicator no numerical value no numerical value 46-47 with access to improved core indicator 100% 100% 54 Water and sanitation Percentage of city sanitation Total domestic water population with regular consumption per capita core indicator 131 133 54 core indicator 100% 100% 59 solid waste collection (litres/day) (residential) Total water consumption Total collected municipal supporting indicator 165 169 54 core indicator 0,37 tonne 0,46 tonne 59 per capita (litres/day) solid waste per capita Average annual hours of water service interruptions Percentage of the city’s core indicator 5,44% 5,02% 59 per household supporting indicator 0,107 0,106 54 solid waste that is recycled
Percentage of the city’s Percentage of water loss supporting indicator 10,45% 10,1% 54 solid waste that is disposed supporting indicator 0,03% 0,04% 59 (unaccounted for water) of in a sanitary landfill 68 SUSTAINABLE DEVELOPMENT OF WARSAW 2014 – 2015