WHITE PAPER: IEC 61850 and IEEE 2030.5: A Comparison of 2 Key Standards for DER Integration: An Update This paper provides an overview of the IEEE 2030.5 standard and a comparison with the IEC 61850 information model for DER. IEC 61850 and IEEE 2030.5: A Comparison of 2 Key Standards for DER Integration: An Update James Mater Steve Kang Robby Simpson, PhD QualityLogic QualityLogic GE Grid Solutions Portland, OR, USA Santa Barbara, CA, USA Atlanta, GA, USA [email protected] [email protected] [email protected] Keywords: IEC 61850-7-420, IEC 61850, IEEE 2030.5, SEP 2, IEEE 1547-2018, smart grid standards, information models, semantic models, DER, CA Rule 21 Abstract Since we authored this paper in 2016, significant advancements in both IEEE 2030.5 and IEC 61850 have taken place. This paper is an update to the original. The IEEE 2030.5 standard (formerly known as Smart Energy Profile 2 or SEP 2) is being adopted in California as the default communications protocol for residential distributed energy resource (DER) integration applications. The IEEE 2030.5 standard is an IP-based protocol that is independent of the underlying physical transport (Wi-Fi, ZigBee, etc.) and uses the IEC 61968 data model for most of its semantics. The IEEE 2030.5 protocol adopts the IEC 61850-7-420 logical node classes for DER components. In 2018, the IEEE approved a revision to IEEE 2030.5 that adopted extensions to intended to make the standard consistent with IEC 61850 extensions for DER. The 2018 update also adopted the DER information model used by the IEEE 1547-2018 interconnection standard for DERs. IEEE 2030.5 currently supports smart inverter functions such as the ability to limit real power output, set Volt-Watt parameters, set fixed power factor, update VAR curves, and monitor DER status, as well as the capability to manage groups of inverters such as those in a targeted feeder geography. While IEC 61850 (and in the US, DNP3) will be important protocols for communicating with large-scale DER, the use of the IEC CIM and 61850 DER information models in IEEE 2030.5 will enable easier integration of grid-scale and local-scale DER resources. The IEEE 2030.5 standard now has a state mandated DER profile and companion certification and testing program. The new program has approved test labs throughout the world and is attracting global DER inverter vendors, aggregators and gateway vendors with an interest in selling product into the IOUs in CA. The standard can be expected to be an important component of interoperability as new DER resources are better integrated into grid operations. The paper provides an overview of the IEEE 2030.5 standard and a comparison with the IEC 61850 information model for DER. Section 1 of this paper provides background on the two standards and the underlying information models. Section 2 provides an overview of the developing application of IEEE 2030.5 for the integration of DER in the state of California in the US. It is being adopted as the default communication standard for utility communication to residential DER such as solar, storage and EV systems. Since the 2016 version of this paper, significant progress has been made and is added to the paper. Section 3 compares IEC 61850 and IEEE 2030.5 as it is being applied in DER integration and identifies gaps between the standards. QualityLogic has participated in multiple workshops on DER communications and presented an updated comparison of the two standards. Section 4 provides a summary of the paper along with key conclusions and observations. 1. BACKGROUND The IEC 61850 standard has become a leading international standard for electrical system communications. While initially focused on sub-station communications, 61850-7-420 has been developed specifically for communication with DER assets outside of the substation. IEEE 2030.5 is an evolution of ZigBee Smart Energy 1.x (SEP 1.x) and provides new capabilities such as control of plug-in electric vehicle (PEV) charging, HAN deployments in multi-dwelling units such as PacWorld2019 1 Simpson, Kang and Mater apartment buildings, support for multiple energy service interfaces into a single premises and support for any physical transport capable of communication using the Internet Protocol (IP), such as Wi-Fi, HomePlug, and ZigBee. It was known initially as SEP 2 because of its genesis in the ZigBee Smart Energy 1.x standard. Work on the standard began in 2008 and it formally became an IEEE standard in 2013, adopted as IEEE 2030.5-2013. SEP 2 was selected in 2009 by the United States National Institute of Standards and Technology (NIST) as a standard for home energy management devices. In June 2016, the California Public Utilities Commission accepted the recommendation to mandate IEEE 2030.5 as the default standard for communication with smart inverters in part because of its use of the IEC 61850 information model.1 The same information model is used by both the IEC 61850 and IEEE 2030.5 standards and provides a valuable bridge between the two standards. The rest of this section provides detailed background and overviews of IEC 61850, IEEE 2030.5 and IEC 61968 as they relate to the integration of DER into distribution operations. 1.1. IEC 61850 Overview IEC 61850 started during a conference in 1989 with the development of the Electric Power Research Institute (EPRI) Utility Communications Architecture (UCA). The result was a 6-volume report completed in 1991. Those volumes spelled out the need for communication standards and a UCA protocol that used MMS2 as the standard’s basis. The need for data objects was recognized and began to be developed - actually first for distribution automation, but then for substation automation. The effort was then standardized by the IEC around 1995 and IEC 61850, “Communication Networks and Systems in Substation Automation” was born. The first set of object models was called GOMSFE3, which eventually morphed into IEC 61850. Work is on-going. The name changed in 2010 to “IEC 61850 Ed 2 Communication Networks and Systems for Power Utility Automation” to extend to other applications like distributed energy resources (DER). IEC 61850 manages the integration of multifunctional Intelligent Electronic Devices (IED) based on the development and implementation of advanced distributed protection and control functions. An IED is defined as any device incorporating one or more processors with the capability of receiving or sending data/control from or to an external source (for example, electronic multifunction meters, digital relays, controllers). The original definition was intended to cover power substations, but the specification is expanding to meet the needs below 1000 volts (micro-grids and residential smart meters for example). Intellectual Property Rights are owned by The International Electrotechnical Commission (IEC) and maintained by Technical Committee (TC) 57. IEC TC 57 develops and maintains International Standards for power systems control equipment and systems including EMS (Energy Management Systems), SCADA (Supervisory Control And Data Acquisition), distribution automation, teleprotection, and associated information exchange for real-time and non-real-time information, used in the planning, operation and maintenance of power systems. The IEC TC57 Working Group (WG) 10 is responsible for IEC 61850 for substation automation. The IEC TC57 WG17 is actively working on updating IEC 61850-7-420 as well as object models for batteries, electric vehicles, hierarchical DER, and distribution automation. A draft of an updated IEC 61850-7- 420 standard was first published in May of 2018 and formally published by IEC in June, 20194. 1.1.1. Class Model The basic IEC 61850 class model that governs the creation of all logical nodes within IEC 61850 allows for easy access to the data and control capabilities. The primary classes are: • Physical Device (IED. Accessed by network address) 1 Rulemaking 11-09-011, Agenda ID #14667, June 23, 2016, http://docs.cpuc.ca.gov/PublishedDocs/Published/G000/M163/K822/163822449.pdf. 2 Manufacturing Message Specification (MMS) is an international standard (ISO 9506) dealing with messaging system for transferring real time process data and supervisory control information between networked devices and/or computer applications. 3 GOMSFE - Generic Object Models For Substation And Feeder Equipment 4 Available for purchase at https://www.techstreet.com/standards/din-en-iec-61850-7-420- draft?product_id=2074504#jumps. PacWorld2019 2 Simpson, Kang and Mater • Logical Device (LD, Collections of logical nodes, implemented in one IED, not distributed) • Logical Node (LN, Functions in real devices) • Data (Properties of the logical nodes) • Data Attribute (Position, Measurements) The object-oriented approach supports standardized device models using names instead of object/register numbers and indexes. These names are defined in a standardized configuration language (SCL) that any client can access for a description of any IED. There are many pre-defined logical nodes and they are extensible. A logical device will have multiple logical nodes (LN) which define the device. Information categories for logical nodes include. The logical nodes (LNs) for DER devices are defined in the tables found in the IEC 61850 Standard. For each LN implemented, all mandatory items must be included. These LNs are organized by typical logical devices that they may be a part of, but they may be used or not used as needed. The IEC 61850 DER information model5 typically includes: a) “Standard data types: common digital formats such as Boolean, integer, and floating point. b) “Common attributes: predefined common attributes that can be reused by many different objects, such as the quality attribute. These common attributes are defined in Clause 6 of IEC 61850-7-3. c) “Common data classes (CDCs): predefined groupings building on the standard data types and predefined common attributes, such as the single point status (SPS), the measured value (MV), and the controllable double point (DPC)… d) “Data objects (DO): predefined names of objects associated with one or more logical nodes.