NEWSLETTER OF AFIO NATIONAL AND CHAPTER ™ PERISCOPE EVENTS, PLANS & NEWS Association of Former Intelligence Offi cers olume V XXVI, Number 1, 2003

Boston Pops Meets the Men in Black Special AFIO Evening Hosted by Albano F. Ponte FIO recently held a ground-breaking event in Boston at The Changing Face Symphony Hall on of Intelligence Tuesday,A July 2, 2003. The Boston Pops Esplanade Orchestra performed AFIO’s to a sold-out performance including one hundred AFIO members and National Intelligence supporters and AFIO President Gene Symposium 2003 Poteat, all of whom enjoyed a program titled An American Salute. at The National Reconnaissance Office, The Central Intelligence Agency, and other locales

1 - 4 November 2003 — Tyson’s Corner, VA

Backstage post-concert were [L to R] AFIO Board member & ave the date! And make plane Symposium 2003 will be com- Endowment Fund Director Albano Ponte; Boston Pops conductor bined with the AFIO Convention and Keith Lockhart; AFIO President Gene Poteat, and AFIO Member and hotel reservations NOW. and Chairman of Boston Pops Event Committee Gary Wass.. The AFIO National Intelli- Awards Banquet again this year, but the gence Symposium 2003, 1 Banquet will start the event. The AFIO Conductor Keith Lockhart, led Sthrough 4 November 2003, will be Convention runs 1 and 2 November at the Boston Pops in a stirring patri- one of our best ever, with distinguished the Sheraton Premiere Hotel on Lees- otic program of American favorites speakers from the intelligence commu- burg Pike in Tysons Corner, Virginia. with guest performers soprano Indra nity, law enforcement, and homeland The Sixth Annual AFIO Awards Ban- Thomas and Pianist Michael Lewin. security talking about the incredible quet will be held on Saturday evening, changes taking place in the way we 1 November, after a day full of interest- Ms. Thomas sang the Star-Span- do business. We will also look at intel- ing speakers, the General Membership gled Banner; Ebbed, ne andro Lon- ligence lessons learned in Iraq and in meeting and the Chairman’s reception tana from La Wally (Catalani) with the War on Terrorism. at The Capitol Club. We will also be an encore Ride On King Jesus (Trad. visiting the International Spy Museum -Floyd) and pianist Michael Lewin And the event—for the first and “Spy Touring” in the Washington, performed Rhapsody in Blue (Gersh- time—will be held at two different D.C. area. win) with an encore The Flight of the Agencies. On Monday, 3 November, Bumblebee (Rimsky-Korsakov). our host will be the National Recon- For room reservations, call the naissance Offi ce (NRO) in Chantilly, Sheraton Premiere at (800) 325- 3535 The Pops performed Hoe Down, Virginia. Tuesday, November 4, will or (703) 448-1234 and ask for the from Rodeo (Copland); Letter from place us all day at the Central Intelli- AFIO group rate.  home (Copland); A Salute to our gence Agency at Langley, Virginia. Symposium Agenda & Registration on page 16 Boston Pops continues on page 3

2003 • ASSOCIATION OF FORMER INTELLIGENCE OFFICERS PERISCOPE NEWSLETTER • PAGE 1 after 9/11—and valid concerns the public PERISCOPE has about maintaining their privacy and ISSN 1044-3819, in 2003 freedom. It will come as no surprise to you is published twice per year by the President’s that AFIO would like to take a “closer to Association of Former Intelligence Officers home” look at these issues. Thus the 6723 Whittier Avenue, Suite 303A, Message theme for this year’s symposium will be McLean, VA 22101-4533 Voice: 703-790-0320; Fax:703-790-0264; The Changing Face of Intelligence. By now, you are all probably well aware that e-mail: [email protected] S. Eugene Poteat Web: www.afio.com this year’s symposium will include a day Editors — at the National Reconnaissance Office and Senior: Roy K. Jonkers ost of us another at the Central Intelligence Agency, Managing: Elizabeth Bancroft in AFIO for an inside view of these critical ques- Copy: P. Stephen Minor h a v e Robert E. Redding M tions and issues. © 2003, AFIO, All Rights Reserved been asking ourselves, “Is the Intelligence Community well postured to deal with the We expect to have a stellar, unprec- A F I O P UBLICATIONS post-9/11 world?” While the Intelligence edented slate of intelligence officials from WINs – Weekly Intelligence Notes—News, Issues, Com- mentaries, Book Reviews, delivered by e-mail. Community has responded well to 9/11 the expanded, and new, Intelligence Com- e-BBNs – e-Bulletin Board Notices—Upcoming Events, munity to address these subjects for our Career announcements, Requests by Researchers/ and subsequent attacks, the aftershocks Authors for assistance—delivered monthly by continue with each new attack or warning members and corporate partners. We have e-mail. Website – www.afio.com – Fast-Breaking National and For- we receive. At the same time our Intel- not ignored the other important AFIO con- eign News, Events, Scholarships, Legislation, WINs, vention activities; they will take place over Careers, Store...and more. Updated daily. ligence Community must also adjust to a Periscope – AFIO Newsletter for National and Chapter more demanding, integrated and support- the weekend, with the grand banquet on news and internal Association issues and policies of interest to members and donors. 2x/year. ing role with our military during wartime, Saturday evening, November 1. Equally Intelligencer – Journal of U.S. Intelligence Studies— important, we look forward to meeting AFIO’s flagship publication—substantive articles both strategically and tactically. ranging from historic surveys of intelligence prac- again with our AFIO friends.  tices, to current cutting-edge concerns and direc- Much has already been said, and will tions. Includes book reviews, essays, reprints and columnists. 2x/year. continue to be said, by the media about the changing face, roles, mission and indeed C O N T E N T S the mistakes of intelligence before and National Intelligence Symposium 2003 ....1 Boston Pops Special Event Evening - in the quality of our programs, including by Albano Ponte and Gary Wass ...... 1 the greatly valued steadfast support from What’s New in AFIO by Roy Jonkers...... 2 Mrs. Maria Ransburg’s Foundation as well President’s Message by Gene Poteat...... 2 as her personal generosity, and your sup- Mercyhurst College Intelligence Colloquium What’s New port in donations large and small. They are by Bob Heibel ...... 4 crucially important in providing the means CiCentre’s “SpyMoscow” Intelligence to continue to enhance AFIO and its mis- Conference and Tour by Andre Martino 4 in AFIO Congressional Proceedings - Legislative sion in support of an effective US Intelli- gence Community. We are also updating Updates by P. Stephen Minor ...... 6 Roy K. Jonkers Letters - Clandestine Case Officers our records to note the intelligence back- & The new TTIC by Thamm, Rustmann Executive Director ground of our members – an astounding and Briggs ...... 8 variety of rich contributions to national Chapter Activities in Recent Months ...... 10 FIO National Intelligence Sym- security. E-Bulletin Board Selections ...... 12 posium 2003 planning is in full Current AFIO Chapters ...... 13 AFIO is humming, busy, growing swing. Letters of invitation have Composition of AFIO Membership ...... 14 A in impact. The membership is steadily Corporate Partnerships gone out to the Intelligence Community increasing. AFIO is built on membership by Robert Redding ...... 15 leadership, and to experts for addressing participation in a National mission. It has AFIO Corporate Partner List ...... 15 the crucial issues confronting intelligence. been, is now, and will continue to be, a Symposium/Convention 2003 We expect we will cover them all, achieve- worthy cause. We invite you to be active, Agenda ...... 16 ments, challenges and problems, and pro- to become part of the AFIO Legion of Registration Form ...... 17 vide our members and other conference Board Affairs: Merit for 2003 by sponsoring a colleague attendees with an updated idea of US intel- for membership, and to participate in your Ballot for 2004 Board ligence in transformation – the changing and Current Board ...... 19 local Chapter. See you at the Convention face of intelligence - terrorism, technol- AFIO Organization and Positions ...... 20 in November!  Current Organization of CIA and NRO .....21 ogy and policy - as part of our educational WIN Selections by Roy Jonkers ...... 22 mission. Book Reviews ...... 32 I also want to express our immense Quiz by Dwayne Anderson ...... 35 appreciation for old and new Foundation Intelligence Community Needs ...... 36 and donation support, reflecting confidence

PAGE 2 • ASSOCIATION OF FORMER INTELLIGENCE OFFICERS PERISCOPE NEWSLETTER • 2003 2003 • ASSOCIATION OF FORMER INTELLIGENCE OFFICERS PERISCOPE NEWSLETTER • PAGE 3 arships to students interested in the Intelligence Fields. We are pleased to announce that the Second Annual AFIO “Night at the Pops” will take place on 19 June 2004 with a host of activities that may include an awards banquet.

Fund Director Albano Ponte and AFIO member and Chairman of Boston Pops Event Committee Gary Wass attended a backstage post-concert private meet- ing with a relaxed Conductor Keith Lockhart who commented that he was with the Men in Black! [R - back row] AFIO Board Member Albano Ponte surrounded by several lovely attendees. Front row, second Boston Pops Event, continued from page 1 from right is Pamela Donnaruma, Publisher and Editor,The Boston Post-Gazette, at her left Yolanda M. Cellucci, Armed Forces (arr. Hayman); Strike president/CEO of Yolanda Enterprises in Waltham, MA and Up the Band (Gershwin-Green); Sing, fashion editor for the Post-Gazette. Sing, Sing (Prima/Goodman-Hyman); Don’t Touch That Dial! ‘60s TV Mem- AFIO and the Boston Pops are ories (arr. Troob) and All That Jazz, planning a program based on James from Chicago (Kander/Ebb-Bester- Bond fi lm music themes (Music To man). Spy By). Mr. & Mrs. Roy Baker with Mr. James K. Ray, Assistant Vice Now is the time to start planning President - Lending, Watertown [MA] Savings Bank your Boston spring vacation! Dates Mr. Lockhart acknowledged his and information to follow—check the interest in the Intelligence fi eld and AFIO website for details. would like to hear more about AFIO. Photographers for the Night at the Pops included Adam & Iris [L to R] Mrs Maria Da Gloria Ponte, Mrs. Sue Ann Ponte Ponte, Boston Pops Committee — mother and wife, respectively of event organizer Al Ponte, members and Blair Hamaty. with AFIO President Gene Poteat at far right. This AFIO Fund-Raising Patriotic Sing-Along (arr. Patriotic celebration in Boston Hayman) included America, Amer- was developed as part of the Asso- Iris and Adam Ponte — young tech- Boston Pops Committee Chairman ica the Beautiful, Yankee Doodle, savvy AFIO members / supporters. Gary Wass with special events The Yankee Doodle Boy, This Land is fund-raiser Karin Doolin Your Land, You’re a Grand Old Flag, As Chairman of the Boston Pops God Bless America with a fi nale1812 Event Committee, I would like to thank Overture (Tchaikovsky) and Encore all our AFIO members and supporters The Boogie-Woogie Bugle Boy (Raye/ who attended the Fund-Raiser, along Prince-Hayman). with the event Photographers, Boston AFIO members enjoyed convers- Pops Organization, AFIO Central ing with friends and new acquaintances Offi ce, AFIO President Gene Poteat before the eight-oclock performance at and most of all to the man who made the event happen and by selling most tables set up cabaret style while enjoy- [L to R] Peter and Michael Nobile, new father & son members ing their favorite beverages along with of the one hundred reserved tickets, food selected from a light menu. ciation’s mission to increase awareness Albano Ponte.  of the importance of the Intelligence AFIO President Gene Poteat, Community and to provide Schol- — Gary Wass, Event Chairman AFIO Board Member & Endowment All Photos Columns 2 and 3 Credit: Blair Hamaty, Adam Ponte or Iris Ponte

PAGE 2 • ASSOCIATION OF FORMER INTELLIGENCE OFFICERS PERISCOPE NEWSLETTER • 2003 2003 • ASSOCIATION OF FORMER INTELLIGENCE OFFICERS PERISCOPE NEWSLETTER • PAGE 3 MEETINGS

Mercyhurst College Mark Lowenthal, CIA Steven Casteel, DEA Intelligence Colloquium Besides the speakers, a series of ™ panels and breakout groups attempted CiCentre’s “SpyMoscow ” by Bob Heibel, FBI (Ret) to clarify the current status of intelli- Intelligence Conference Professor, Mercyhurst College gence education and training, identify steps necessary to improve the training/ and Tour The Fifth education profession, and provide greater communication between edu- Annual Inter- by Andre Martino national Collo- cators. A finding of these sessions will be published shortly. quium on Intel- The tour – held Sunday, May 25, ligence was held AFIO Board Member LTG C. 2003 to Wednesday, May 28, 2003 June 9-11, 2003 Norman Wood, USAF(Ret) partici- in Moscow – was arranged by AFIO at Mercyhurst pated in a panel, which explored the member Dan Mulvenna, a former College. Hosted role of various intelligence-related pro- RMCP Officer and currently of the by the school’s fessional organizations in the intelli- CICentre in Professor Bob Heibel R e s e a r c h / gence education process.  Alexandria, Intelligence Ana- VA. The lyst Program (R/IAP) and sponsored “It was an impressive attendees met by TMI Data Corporation and Lexis- Colloquium. I was particularly at the Aero- Nexis. It was designed as a follow up impressed by two factors: there star Hotel to a number of recent national meet- was a near perfect balance of on Sunday, May 25th for a wine and ings and events, which have called for academia and practitioners cheese reception. We were introduced greater intelligence sharing and aware- from all levels of government to our Russian host Col. Oleg Tsarev, ness, but had not thoroughly explored intelligence and law enforce- and Lev Koshliakov, (both KGB-Ret.). the overarching need for improved ment agencies; and, it was Mr. Mulvenna had the attendees intro- intelligence education and training. very evident that Professor Bob duce themselves to the group and say This gathering Heibel has been the driving a little about themselves. brought sixty intel- force in preparing a model for On Monday we met in a confer- ligence managers other academicians to follow.” ence room at the Aerostar where we and trainers from the — C. Norman Wood, LTG, USAF(Ret) heard three lectures. Gen. Alexander public and private Zdanovich, (KGB/FSB Ret.) dis- sectors together with cussed Cheka/OGPU Counterintelli- academics teaching AFIO Night at the Pops 2004 applied intelligence. ‘MUSIC TO SPY BY’ Keynote speakers Phil English, Rep (PA) The second “AFIO Night at the Pops” included Mark Lowenthal, Assis- is scheduled for tant Director of Central Intelligence Saturday, 19 June 2004 for Analysis & Production; Steven in Boston, Massachusetts. Conductor Keith Lockhart Casteel, Assistant Administrator for will lead the Intelligence of the Drug Enforcement Boston Pops Esplanade Orchestra Administration; and Ryan Dunlavey, in a ‘shaken and stirred’ evening full of surprises [former] legislative assistant to U.S. including James Bondian melodies. Congressman Phil English (R), 21st Save the date, and make your plans District of Pennsylvania. English is for a clandestine weekend in Boston. gence Operations Against the British currently proposing legislation to For further information, generate a National Intelligence Edu- check the AFIO website and French Secret Services. One of our cation Act that could have significant [www.afio.com]regarding host Col. Oleg Tsarev discussed Cold ticket prices and the War Intelligence at Stalin’s Disposal. nationwide impact on intelligence pre-concert reception agenda. training and education. The third lecture was given by Ivan PAGE 4 • ASSOCIATION OF FORMER INTELLIGENCE OFFICERS PERISCOPE NEWSLETTER • 2003 2003 • ASSOCIATION OF FORMER INTELLIGENCE OFFICERS PERISCOPE NEWSLETTER • PAGE 5 Kusmin, former Senior Analyst and General Zdanovich ended the mova. Her cover name was Khatycha current a professor at the Diplomatic morning lectures with a discussion of Sadyk and her code name was BIR. Academy. His topic was The Final Stalin’s SMERSH unit. She was an actress who worked for the Years of the Cold War: Intelligence There was a review of recently KGB. Ms. Sadyk was sent to Japan and and Decision Making. published books on intelligence. All of spied there with her partner, whom she Later in the the books discussed are in Russian only was later ordered to marry. The produc- morning there were (at the moment). The morning ended tion included clips from her past as a case briefings on with a case briefing on the Adolf Tol- spy. They were provided by the SVR. Oleg Penkovsky kachev (betrayed by Aldrich Ames). The producers of the documentary put and Peter Popov. the clips from the past next to present After lunch there were visits to After lunch we all day footage of the former Russian spy. intelligence sites and to the Russian got on a comfortable Our host Ms. Barkovskaya stated Ms. Army Museum where we viewed a bus (with a bath- Alimova cried after watching the fin- SMERSH exhibit and saw some of the room!) and visited ished documentary. wreckage of the U-2 Spyplane flown agent meeting locations and former by Gary Powers. Mr. Mulvenna announced that apartments of Penkovsky and Popov. We also visited the there will be another conference and We also went to the Border Guards graves of famous tour next year.  Museum where we saw the things “illegals” Rudolph found on U-2 pilot Gary Powers. This Abel (Willie Martino is a second year law included the keys to his apartment. student at the Widener University Fisher) and Konon School of Law in Wilmington, DE, Dinner was at a Moscow restau- Molody (Gordon interested in National Security Law rant which was attended by former Lonsdale). and International Law. KGB officers assigned to the KGB’s Dinner was at a restaurant in London stations during the Cold War. Moscow. The guests of honor were The guests were former field officer General Vadim Kirpichenko, Former Mikhail Lyubimov, former field offi- First Deputy Chief, First Chief Direc- cer Yuri Kobaladze and former Deputy NATIONAL LEADERSHIP FORUM torate (Foreign Intelligence) and cur- Chief, 1st Chief Directorate Sergey Two Upcoming Conferences rently Chief Consultant to the SVR. Kondrashev. Dinner was filled with toasts, short recollections of happy General Vasily Dozhadalyov, October 3, 2003 - Washington, D.C. times in the Russian intelligence ser- (KGB-Ret.) formerly of the Illegals China Update Program and Registration vice and informal discussions. Department and principal in the Konan Current Issues Full-day Forum. Molody and Kroger/Cohen cases. The second day we were back Doing Business in Today’s China in the conference room of the hotel. Husband and wife Oksana Bar- Expert speakers from U.S. diplomatic Oleg Nechiporenko, (KGB-Ret.) was kovskaya and Igor Prokopenko both to talk about Intelligence Services and television producers for REN-TV. and intelligence communities offer insights and perspectives on Counter Terrorism. Col. Nechiporenko Former KGB officer and now is the author the Lee Harvey Oswald business consultant Igor Shevchuk- establishing or expanding book Passport to Assassination. The also attended. business relationships in China. discussion focused mostly on his book. The Colonel was assigned to the KGB Ms. Barkovskaya discussed station in Mexico female Russian illegals and told us how in the 1960s and she and her husband produced a series December 5, 2003 - Atlanta, GA met Oswald when on the subject. She invited us to the Current Issues Full-day Forum Oswald was desper- studio to view one of the episodes. Business Opportunities ately trying to get a On Wednesday, the final day we and Pitfalls visa to go to Russia visited the KGB Museum we were at one point. in Today’s Latin America allowed to take pictures of some of the Featuring U.S. intelligence community experts. Igor Shevchuk, (KGB-Ret) dis- exhibits. This is normally forbidden. BOTH EVENTS CO-SPONSORED BY THE cussed Old KGB Guards in the New This should have been the end Market Economy. He gave a well NATIONAL LEADERSHIP FORUM ON GLOBAL CHALLENGES. of the conference-tour. A small group AMA WASHINGTON D.C. & ATLANTA EXECUTIVE CONFERENCE CENTER. received presentation on what former of us arranged to go to the REN-TV KGB officers are doing now. He talked AMA Members $795, Nonmembers $995. offices to view an episode of female Call 1-800-262-9699 to register. about the former officers that were Russian illegals. We were taken to a not at the age of retirement. They are television studio at the network and Online registration at involved in private security for busi- viewed a documentary about Irina Ali- http://www.amanet.org/events/ nesses and in private investigations.

PAGE 4 • ASSOCIATION OF FORMER INTELLIGENCE OFFICERS PERISCOPE NEWSLETTER • 2003 2003 • ASSOCIATION OF FORMER INTELLIGENCE OFFICERS PERISCOPE NEWSLETTER • PAGE 5 Congressional Proceedings by P. Stephen Minor, Director AFIO Legislative Affairs Offi ce

Within a global framework rife with elusive enemies, ubiquitous threats of terrorist activity, sustained weapons pro- liferation, and resultant high and low-intensity confl ict; America is currently witnessing, in order to counter and subdue these numerous international instabilities, its Intelligence Community being engaged by U.S. policymakers – as well as encouraged by a majority of the American public – on an intensifi ed level. Along with this growing utilization of intel- ligence in shaping strategic national policy, there is a growing emphasis on seeking ways to substantially reform the Intelligence Community to most effi ciently react to these less-than-predictable security concerns. Procedurally, as is typical with community reform efforts of this magnitude, oversight originates within the United States Congress. From the National Security Act of 1947, the legislation that offi cially founded the Intelligence Com- munity, to its mid-life oversight and scrutiny seen during the Church Committee hearings in 1973, to the horrifi c acts of September 2001 that awakened the risk-averse eyes of the Intelligence Community’s critics; there have been sweep- ing changes derived from legislative activity. It is in this context of post September 11th reshuffl ing that AFIO deems it crucial to begin, in furtherance of our educational and promotional mission, tracking the volumes of intelligence and related security legislation moving through Congress. Through this effort AFIO seeks to help overcome the ongoing imperative reform challenges facing Congress and to eventually mobilize the substantive and experienced membership- base that buttresses our organization. Today’s Congressional proceedings constitute a vital opportunity to begin actively assisting the reorganization of our brotherhood, thus creating an Intelligence Community that will be more fi nely-tuned in facing the challenges of tomorrow.

Legislative Activity within the SELECT COMMITTEES ON INTELLIGENCE

S UMMER 2 0 0 3 *

Intro Date / Title of Bill Status Effect Sponsor(s)

— S E N A T E —

S.1025 - Intelli- Latest Major This is the Senate version of the bill to authorize appropriations for -8 May 03 gence Authoriza- Action: On 7/ fi scal year 2004 for intelligence and intelligence-related activities -Sen. Pat tion Act for Fiscal 31/2003, the of the United States Government. The bill has been incorporated Roberts, Year 2004 Senate incorpo- by the Senate into H.R. 2417 (the House version of the intelli- [R-KS] rated S. 1025 in gence authorization bill) and was passed with minor amendments H.R. 2417 and that, in addition to many traditional and non-traditional provisions, -Co. Spon- passed H.R. require regular situation reporting to the appropriate congressio- sors - none 2417 in lieu of nal committees from DHS’s Directorate of Information Analysis S. 1025. The and Infrastructure Protection and the Terrorist Threat Integration bill was sent Center (TTIC), as well as provide increased funding requests to Conference for programs such as counter-narcotics operations in Columbia. Committee for Notwithstanding these amendments, the unprecedented budget resolution of in HR. 2417 for fi scal year 2004 -while classifi ed- amounts to a amendments.. signifi cant increase from 2003.

S.410 - Home- Latest Major Establishes the Homeland Intelligence Agency [HIA] as an ele- -13 Feb 03 land Intelligence Action: 1/30/ ment of the Department of Homeland Security, with the primary -Sen. John Agency Act of 2003 referred to mission of supporting the Director of Central Intelligence in the Edwards, 2003 Senate commit- collection and dissemination of foreign intelligence and counter- [D-NC] tee. Read twice intelligence in the United States, including the plans, intentions, and referred to and capabilities of international terrorist groups operating in the -Co. Spon- the Committee United States. It transfers to the Agency all homeland intelli- sors - none on Intelligence gence functions currently performed by the Federal Bureau of Investigation (FBI), CIA, National Security Agency, and Offi ce of the National Counterintelligence Executive, and it replaces the FBI with the Agency [HIA] as an element of the U.S. Intelligence Community. Additionally, it establishes, in the FBI, the Offi ce of Foreign Intelligence Coordination.

PAGE 6 • ASSOCIATION OF FORMER INTELLIGENCE OFFICERS PERISCOPE NEWSLETTER • 2003 2003 • ASSOCIATION OF FORMER INTELLIGENCE OFFICERS PERISCOPE NEWSLETTER • PAGE 7 S.1520 - 9-11 Latest Major This bill was conceived shortly after the release of the 9-11 joint -7 July 03 Memorial Intelli- Action: On 7/31/ bipartisan Congressional report. In a direct effort to address the gence Reform Act 2003 referred specifi c issues cited in the report, this bill seeks to amend the -Sen. Bob to the Senate National Security Act of 1947 to establish the Offi ce of the Direc- Graham, Select Com- tor of National Intelligence (DNI) to be composed of a Director [D-FL] mittee on Intel- and Deputy Director of National Intelligence; as well as estab- -Co. Spon- ligence for con- lishing a separate integrated National Terrorist Watchlist Center, sors - 2 sideration. new accountability standards for employees, and a top-to-bottom review of classifi cation standards. Effectively, this bill seeks to reorganize the Central Intelligence Agency, designating as its lead offi cial the Director of the Central Intelligence Agency (rather than the Director of Central Intelligence or DCI). The new law will prohibit any individual from serving simultaneously as Director of National Intelligence and Director of the Central Intelligence Agency. Essentially, the bill requests that Congress make the Director (DNI) a cabinet-level offi ce. If ultimately signed into law, this bill could amount to a dramatic transformation of the Intelli- gence Community and thus necessitates careful consideration.

S.113 - Amend- Latest Major Amends the Foreign Intelligence Surveillance Act of 1978 (FISA) -9 Jan 03 ment to the For- Action: 6/25/ to extend the meaning of “agent of a foreign power” to any person, -Sen. Jon eign Intelligence 2003 Referred other than a U.S. person, that engages in international terror- Kyl, Surveillance Act to House sub- ism or activities in preparation for them (regardless of whether [R-AZ] of 1978 (FISA) committee on affi liated with groups engaging in such terrorism or activities), for Crime, Terror- purposes of securing FISA warrants authorizing the electronic sur- -Co. Spon- ism, and Home- veillance of communications between and among foreign powers. sors - 8 land Security The bill also requires the U.S. Attorney General to consistently report to designated congressional committees regarding any surveillance warrants issued which require signifi cant interpre- tation of established FISA provisions.

— H O U S E O F R E P R E S E N T A T I V E S —

H.R.2417 - Intelli- Latest Major This House Resolution which now encompasses S. 1025, -11 June 03 gence Authoriza- Action: 6/27/ authorizes appropriations for fi scal year 2004 for intelligence -Rep. Porter tion Act for Fiscal 2003 Senate and intelligence-related activities of the United States Govern- Goss, Year 2004 preparation for ment. Notable provisions of the bill include requirements that [R-FL] fl oor. Placed on the DCI provide a report on “intelligence lessons learned as a Senate Legisla- result of Operation Iraqi Freedom (section 344); that ‘certain -Co. Spon- tive Calendar qualifi ed aliens’ be allowed to receive, possess and transport sors - none under General ‘explosive materials’ if they are in the United States to cooper- Orders. Calen- ate with the CIA or the United States military (section 332); and dar No. 184. – according to chairman Porter Goss – the bill ‘posture[s] the United States for the future with a unifi ed overhead imagery intelligence architecture.’”

H.R. N/A - Acad- Final drafting This bill is being formulated to create an intelligence academy - Introduction emy for Law for training law enforcement agencies at the federal, state, and expected in Enforcement local levels in analysis, dissemination, and other intelligence- early fall Intelligence Act related purposes. The bill will also seek to create an intelligence -Rep. Phil analyst training program similar to that of the ROTC at the col- English, legiate level. [R-PA] -Cosponsors - N/A

* The bills listed are a selected version of the totality of legislation currently queued within Congress. They represent AFIO’s view of proposals that could substantially change the organizational framework of, or operational capability within, the Intelligence Community. Additionally, because the release of this publication coincides with the end of the Congressional summer recess, some of the reported Congressional activity may expire or remain incomplete. Future issues of Periscope will track these changes and provide a more current picture of legislative activity.

Source: Congressional Research Service [CRS]

PAGE 6 • ASSOCIATION OF FORMER INTELLIGENCE OFFICERS PERISCOPE NEWSLETTER • 2003 2003 • ASSOCIATION OF FORMER INTELLIGENCE OFFICERS PERISCOPE NEWSLETTER • PAGE 7 But, even there, the NOC case officer operate outside the parameter of total can at least blend into the background; LETTERS normality. he can look, speak, and act like his One of Mr. Rustmann’s falla- source, his agent, and he might even CLANDESTINE cies is the belief that “case officers. know how to chew khat or puff on a work out of U.S. official installations water pipe. His meeting with the agent CASE OFFICER? abroad…who blend perfectly into is far more secure than one conducted Gerhard Thamm† writes regarding Frederick that diplomatic culture…that’s their by a white, Anglo-Saxon college grad- Rustmann’s “Debunking the CIA Case Officer cover.” uate who reeks “American” from miles Myth” in Periscope, Vol. XXV, No. 1 and 2, 2002. There is no cover working out of away; an American who must operate an embassy. Every counterintelligence through a principal agent. With all due respect for Frederick (CI) operative knows that the embassy, Furthermore, working through a W. Rustmann, Jr., and his 24 years in any embassy, is the hub of espionage. principal agent leaves the case officer the clandestine service, I believe that Every one on the staff of the without access to the one who has, Robert Gates was correct when he said, what the Soviets/Russians call “Raz- “Look at you - you all look alike.” Ambassador, no matter how highly or lowly placed, is at least suspected of vedka,” true intelligence, i. e., infor- being a spy. It takes little time for the mation gathered directly by a secret I agree with Mr. Gates, that this CI operatives to ferret out the informa- informant. was, and still is, the CIA’s problem. tion gatherers, the real spies, the CIA, Another one of Mr. Rustmann’s Mr. Rustmann’s article contains many the military, or the economic case offi- fallacies is that the case officer is truths, some half truths, but his core cers. Anytime this case officer leaves “entrusted with the most sensitive premise is a strong defense of the status the secure compound of the embassy, national secrets the U.S. possesses.” quo. He correctly states that some of or his embassy day office, to meet That is only because the CIA case offi- the criticism of CIA operations is the with his “principal agent,” he places cer wants to belong to “the club.” All “result of a complete misunderstand- the principal agent at risk. a case officer really needs to know are ing of how the intelligence collection Modern surreptitious surveillance the Essential Elements of Information, process works .” He is correct in saying the EEI (I know I am now showing my that a case officer cannot possibly infil- is both an art and a science. It is almost impossible to escape a team of five to age) for his area of operation, or for his trate a terrorist cell, just as it is almost target perimeter; in other words, he has impossible for a foreign case officer to ten highly trained and experienced CI operatives. They are equipped with to know what elements he must collect, become a member of the Joint Chiefs, and the order of collection priority. the FBI, the CIA, or for a U.S. case the best infrared sensors money can officer to join the GRU, or the Soviet buy. They have the latest directional The CIA’s problem has always Naval staff—that is why we cultivate microphones with computerized fil- been elitism; an inheritance from the the “inside man,” the recruited traitor, ters to eliminate ambient noises, mag- golden days of OSS where the “Eastern and we pay him well. netized tracker locator buttons to be Establishment” recruited agents from dropped on the diplomat’s automo- ivy league colleges with a strong con- However, this former US Army bile, aerial trackers, and much more. centration on European language skills. NOC—Non Official Cover—case They are the death of the principal CIA was forced to modify this concen- officer disagrees with Mr. Rustmann’s agent who meets an embassy-based tration to include Slavic languages, but premise that the CIA does not need case officer on the agent’s home turf. the agency’s favorite operational area case officers who can blend into the This is particularly true in countries still remained Central Europe, espe- environment of foreign countries. ruled by brutal dictators, such as the cially the garden spots of Berlin and Intelligence operatives every- former Soviet Union, or today’s Iraq Vienna. It also made switching to other, where hope that their operation will or North Korea where paranoia drives less cultural operating areas, difficult. CI, and where money for CI operations run its course unnoticed; that it will The bottom line however is that is virtually unlimited; where every city flow silently past rocks and shallows Mr. Rustmann’s insistence to maintain block has its block warden, where it and that their operation will pass others the status quo, i.e., case officers oper- is every citizen’s duty—under threat silently, unnoticed, like ships at night ating out of embassies and other dip- of death for assisting the infidels or in bygone days. The essence of a suc- lomatic missions via principal agents “enemies of the state”—to report cessful operation is normality - total appears to have been unsatisfactory any–and I mean any–unusual activity normality. The operation must follow when case officers are deployed against by neighbors or passers-by. Into these a logical sequence. If it does not, some- world terrorists. one may wonder the lack thereof - and areas even the NOC case officer will † question it; then the entire plan could not tread; he will restrict his activity to GERHARDT B. THAMM AT [email protected] IS AN AFIO become unraveled. When the embassy- recruit working in third countries, and MEMBER AND RETIRED DOD CLANDESTINE OFFICER. based case officer meets his principal recruiting agents from the target area, agent in the agent’s home country they those few allowed to travel abroad.

PAGE 8 • ASSOCIATION OF FORMER INTELLIGENCE OFFICERS PERISCOPE NEWSLETTER • 2003 2003 • ASSOCIATION OF FORMER INTELLIGENCE OFFICERS PERISCOPE NEWSLETTER • PAGE 9 Fred Rustmann† responds: Case Officer just like any other agent. into intelligence files. Of course, these Intelligence requirements are passed files could be kept out of the discovery Mr. Thamm makes some excel- down to, and reports are collected process. If such criminal intelligence lent points in his letter – points that from the NOC officer or agent by the eventually led to a prosecutable case others have raised and that continue ‘inside’ case officer. The inside case then it could be moved into a case file. to be debated within the Intelligence officer has access to all of the opera- I bring this up because one infers from Community. I will try to address his tional traffic and intelligence reporting the media hype over this new unit that major disagreements to explain further on a particular subject by virtue of his all intelligence exchange problems are my point of view on the subject. position in a secure USG facility. He going to be solved just be putting all of the various personnel together in one Aside from the inherent security passes this information on to the NOC organization. I would suggest that there concerns of using ethnic case officers, a during their meetings. Unless the NOC will be severe problems associated point that Mr. Thamm apparently does agent can operate without this lifeline, with the difference between criminal not debate, the main issue of conten- he will never replace the inside Case intelligence collection and any other tion appears to be one of cover: Should Officer. “actionable” intelligence and just how the case officer blend into the official Regarding elitism, the CIA’s case much information will get to the new US government environment, or into officer corps is an elite outfit. That’s a unit. This also results from cultural the ethnic operational environment of fact and it requires no excuses. It’s a diferences, which I’ll mention at the a particular country? good thing. If it were not elite it would end of this message. I contend that the case officer not attract the high caliber of dedi- From my days as a CIA case must first blend into what is called cated men and women it has always officer I remember that there is a big “cover for status.” This is the cover that attracted. (FR) difference between what goes into an permits him or her to live and work in † Frederick W. Rustmann, Jr. at [email protected] intelligence dissemination to be sent to a particular country. If the case officer is an AFIO member and a 24-year veteran of the CIA’s clan- destine service and author of CIA, Inc.: Espionage and the the Intelligence Community consum- is under official cover, this means he Craft of Business Intelligence. ers and “operational information” that must blend into the environment of an did not rise to the level of being “dis- embassy or other official US instal- seminable.” This “operational infor- lation abroad. When the case officer mation,” however, can be the very leaves the US government installation THE NEW TERRORIST THREAT kind of information that goes into law for a clandestine meeting with a Non- INTEGRATION CENTER (TTIC) enforcement intelligence files and can Official Cover (NOC) clandestine offi- be used to guide further investiga- cer or agent, he or she must revert to COMBINES WITH FBI AND CIA tion. The CIA is loathe to disseminate what is known as “cover for action.” COUNTER-TERRORISM UNITS beyond its walls such “operational This cover, combined with the use of information.” If the new organization appropriate clandestine tradecraft tech- From: Tom Briggs gets to receive such information that niques (e.g. alias, disguise, darkness, [[email protected]]; Sent Monday, will initiate a new paradigm for case surveillance detection routes to and March 31, 2003 officers, that is, there will no longer be from meetings, etc.) is what provides Roy, a formal process for deciding what to cover and security for the clandestine disseminate and, thus, how to protect meetings. When the operational envi- You wrote [in AFIO WIN 12-03 the sources. It has long been part of ronment is so hostile as to preclude dtd 26 March 2003]: “The decision to the CIA culture that operational intel- personal meetings between case offi- create the TTIC, along with the other ligence stay within the DO. Until the cers and NOC’s or other agents within noteworthy decision—to co-locate the creation of centers like CTC, DI ana- a country, other forms of clandestine new TTIC with the current FBI and lysts almost never got to see opera- communications are used (e.g. elec- CIA counter-terrorism units at a single tional intelligence. The centers, some tronic, satellite, secret writing, dead- site in Virginia, is remarkable.” say for good and some might say not drops, etc.), and any personal meetings It will, indeed, be interesting to so good, broke down this barrier. Addi- are held outside the country. see how this plays out. tionally, the inclusion of officers from A word about NOCs. They From my days as a Special Agent other agencies, like the FBI, detailed to are essentially high level principal in DEA I remember that criminal inves- centers also got to see operational intel- agents, staff employees (often with tigators (in DEA and I believe all fed- ligence. The significance of this is that dual nationality) who live and work eral investigative agencies) would only the identity of the source is no longer inside a particular country employ- file in case files that information which protected by all the mechanisms used ing a wide variety of covers for status, would clearly help make an eventual in disseminated intelligence to protect ranging from employment in a large court case and would survive pre-trial the identity of the source. US corporation, to a foreign corpora- discovery. Other information, which What will happen, will opera- tion, to a small private company. Most national security intelligence officers tional intelligence just be shipped of them require handling by an inside would call just “intelligence,” went over to the new unit without regard to

PAGE 8 • ASSOCIATION OF FORMER INTELLIGENCE OFFICERS PERISCOPE NEWSLETTER • 2003 2003 • ASSOCIATION OF FORMER INTELLIGENCE OFFICERS PERISCOPE NEWSLETTER • PAGE 9 the protection of source identities? As McKnight also spoke to approximately I said, this is a new paradigm. After HIGHLIGHTS 90 AFIO members and guests about his so many years of being very protec- personal experiences in Mogadishu in tive of source identities now sources 1993 and his assistance in making will be less protected. It can work if Chapter the movie “Black Hawk Down.” The the majority of sources are from liai- AFIO Satellite Chapter had Col. Steve son operations and maybe that is how Activities Warner, Command of the 45th Space it will work. Of course, then the nature Wing Mission Support, who spoke in of liaison relationships comes under in August. —Contact the AFIO Satellite scrutiny outside the DO. This may Chapter - Pres. John Hilliard - at (321) actually be worked out to everyone’s Recent Months 777-0927 or [email protected]. satisfaction but to anyone from the old The AFIO Florida Miami The AFIO Florida Suncoast school it makes one nervous. The more Chapter had a record turnout at its casual a service becomes with source Chapter had a meeting this past most recent luncheon where local spring in which they were honored identity the more likely sources will be DHS Director revealed. That is not the compact that by the presence of AFIO National’s Jose Pinon was President S Eugene Poteat who spoke a recruiter makes with a source at the the featured speaker time of recruitment. regarding “changes in American intel- for over 100 attendees. Addi- ligence and its role and capabilities in Finally, I observed the clash tionally, in support of home- the war on terrorism.” The Florida of cultures when BNDD, Customs, land defense, the Miami chap- Suncoast Chapter has been holding FBN and other counter-narcotics law ter has been sponsoring several meetings on a regular basis at Mac- enforcement agencies were combined programs including CERT “Citi- Dill AFB in Tampa. —Contact the into the DEA. There were a lot of zens Emergency Response Team,” to AFIO Suncoast Chapter - Pres. LTC problems that never made the light assist Coast Guard and law enforce- Bernie Tauber - at (813) 968-4932 or of day and the clash was among law ment in carrying out their missions. [email protected]. enforcement people. This new unit This fall AFIO Miami expects Sen. intends to blend together a variety Bob Graham – former Intell. Com- The AFIO Northern Florida of cultures. This is never easy and is mittee chairman and presidential Chapter recently had a changing of never well understood by the people hopeful– as one of its many speakers, the guard where Ken Meyers, Vince involved, their masters, the legisla- as well as joint luncheons planned Carnes, and Quiel Begonia assumed tive branch or the public. It is a long with AFIO Palm Beach. —Contact command. One of their first orders of hard road fraught with difficulty and the AFIO Miami Chapter - Pres. Tom business has been to establish a new uncertainty. The media and the legis- Spencer at [email protected]. projected meeting schedule with four lators often make it sound simple, just . meetings a year in Sept., Dec., March, reorganize the same people that have and June, through 2005. These regu- The AFIO Florida Palm Beach lar meetings are being held at the been accused of failing and somehow Chapter held its second meeting of a new set of boxes and lines to con- Orange Park Country Club, just south the season on 22 January, at Le Mont of Jacksonville. Additionally, Northern nect them will result in a new success- restaurant in West Palm Beach. They ful solution. Since the War on Drugs FL is in the process of establishing a had the pleasure of listening to fellow speaker’s bureau as well as adding began with either the 1968 creation of AFIO member Major General (Ret) the BNDD or the 1973 creation of the new activities to its itinerary includ- Wayne Jackson speak on the topic ing family picnics, evening dinners, DEA, take your pick, and each was “The Army, a Force in Transition.” trumpeted as the reorganization that and joint luncheons with other nearby 35-plus members attended the Janu- AFIO Chapters. For updated informa- would lead to victory - and has not - ary Luncheon. who among us who understands these tion contact AFIO Northern Florida - problems thinks that simply creating AFIO Palm Beach Chapter is Pres. Capt. Ken Meyer - at (904) 630- new entities will lead to a victory in a seasonal chapter, and they expect 1212 or [email protected]. the War on Terrorism.  their next meeting to be held some- The AFIO California San time in mid-November. —Contact Diego Chapter has been going strong Tom Briggs is a former intel- the AFIO Palm Beach Chapter - Pres. and recently hosted a luncheon on ligence officer with CIA and F.W. Rustmann - at (561) 655-3111 or July 9 that fea- tured the is the current webmaster for [email protected]. former Direc- tor of NSA CIRA—the Central Intelligence and DDCI Admiral B o b b y Retirees Association. The AFIO Florida Satellite Chapter held a meeting on 17 May Inman who spoke a b o u t where Col. Danny McKnight, USA the “politics of ter- ror- (ret), now the Brevard County Director ism.” AFIO San of Homeland Security, spoke on strate- Diego had over 45 gies and focus regarding terrorism. Col. people in attendance and

PAGE 10 • ASSOCIATION OF FORMER INTELLIGENCE OFFICERS PERISCOPE NEWSLETTER • 2003 2003 • ASSOCIATION OF FORMER INTELLIGENCE OFFICERS PERISCOPE NEWSLETTER • PAGE 11 boasts a member and guest list of to hold meetings, they were forced to has initiated a community outreach over 70 regular attendees. —Contact cancel. However, on the weekend of partnership and career education pro- the AFIO San Diego Chapter - Pres. September 18, AFIO Midwest will gram called “Exploring is Learning for Darryl Thibault - at (619) 297-9959 or have its annual convention at Great Life” with the Boy Scouts of America. [email protected]. Lakes Naval Base and will hear from —Contact the AFIO Las Vegas Chapter speakers from the FBI, the DEA, the - Pres. Richard Cohn - at (702) 871- The AFIO New State Department, and the USNR. All 9916 or at [email protected]. Mexico Chapter, local and able members are encour- now with a new meet- The AFIO New York Derek aged to attend. —Contact the AFIO ing destination at JB’s Lee Chapter is currently undergo- Midwest Chapter - Pres. Col Angelo Restaurant located at ing efforts to reorganize and rejuve- Diliberti - at (847) 931-4184 or Hotel Circle in Albu- nate itself with regular meetings and [email protected]. querque, continues expanded programs, and is asking that to be an active and highly organized The AFIO Northern Ohio interested persons in the surrounding AFIO chapter. On July 23rd, Dr. Mark Chapter has been busy actively spon- areas of Manhattan and other bor- Peceny, Professor of Political Science soring a variety of events including a oughs, southern Connecticut, Long at the University of New Mexico, speech on May 18 by Island, or eastern New Jersey, will- spoke to the chapter about a range fellow member Michael ing to participate or offer assistance of topics while requesting feedback Goldstein regarding the in efforts to schedule activities and regarding speakers and subject matter Palestinian/Israeli con- increase membership, contact Don for his newly formed Intelligence Stud- flict, on 13 July a Bas- Milton (Chapter President) at (516) ies Club at UNM. A prime example of tille Day picnic, on Sept. 7 a BBQ and 621-5262, email [email protected]; or AFIO’s core mission! —Contact the museum tour, and in Dec. AFIO Ohio C. Emerson Cooper (VP of AFIO AFIO New Mexico Chapter - Pres. will hold its annual Christmas party. All Chapters) at [email protected]. Dick Callaghan - at (505) 992-1338 events are hosted with the generosity of The AFIO New York Chapter has or [email protected]. local members and friends of the orga- incredible potential and we expect to nization. —Contact AFIO Northern see great things happening in the near The AFIO Hawaii Chapter held Ohio - Pres. Valdis Berzins - at (440) future in this major metro area. its spring meeting on April 10 at the 842-6688 or [email protected]. home of Hope and David Doyle where The AFIO New England David renowned British author and intel- The AFIO Nevada North- Atlee Phillips Chapter recently held ligence historian Nigel West briefed ern Sierra Chapter on June 21, in its summer meeting on July 18 and 19 the chapter, among other things, furtherance of AFIO’s community at The Hotel Northampton. Here, in about “Mossad and Iraq.” —Contact involvement and educational prin- Northampton MA, chapter attendees the AFIO Hawaii Chapter - Pres. Dr. ciples, donated $200 to the “We the were able to absorb the art and culture Paul Kenyon - at (808) 946-0686 or People” team of Incline High School of the city and were given a presenta- [email protected]. in Lake Tahoe. Incline High School tion by Ralph Barger of the Defense is a three time state champion of this Security Service. Mr. Barger spoke The AFIO Texas Alamo Chap- “We the People” competition that is about technology theft in the U.S. and ter, while relatively small in size, designed to foster a knowledge and what the DoD is doing to combat it. prides itself on its members’ close, competency of constitutional princi- —Contact the AFIO New England personal, informal, and educational ples within American high school stu- Chapter - Pres. Peggy Ann Adler. bond. They continue to meet the first dents. AFIO’s donation will offset the Thursday of each month where mem- The Newly Forming AFIO team’s costs of traveling to Washington bers speak to their current professional Maine Chapter of Kennebunk held to compete. — Contact AFIO Northern assignments and endeavors. Recently its first organizational meeting on Sat. Sierra - Pres. Bart Bechtel - at (775) local member Dr. Bob Jensen spoke July 26 where Dr. Bill Anderson pre- 833-0181 or [email protected]. about experiences and conditions sided as the founding president. Enthu- in Sub-Saharan Africa. —Contact The AFIO Nevada Las Vegas siastic efforts are underway as this the AFIO Alamo Chapter - Pres. Chapter has been holding meetings up and coming chapter is diligently Henry Bussey - at (210) 490-5408 or regularly on every second Saturday of working to gather support, write by- [email protected]. the even months of the year at the Boul- laws, and expand its membership. If der Station Hotel and Casino. In April, anyone lives near by and is interested The AFIO Illinois Midwest AFIO Las Vegas was joined by the DCI in becoming part of this new ven- Chapter has been as active as it pos- representative to Los Angeles and, in ture, you can contact Dr. Anderson or sibly can. A typical year for AFIO June, they were fortunate enough to Allan Swenson at (207) 985-3216 or Midwest includes at least 4 regular hear from the Director of Operations at [email protected]. meetings, some of which entail travel  from the 547th Intelligence Squadron and exploration. Unfortunately, due to at Nellis Air Force Base. In addition mobilizations for war at key military to regular meetings, AFIO Las Vegas instillations where the chapter planned

PAGE 10 • ASSOCIATION OF FORMER INTELLIGENCE OFFICERS PERISCOPE NEWSLETTER • 2003 2003 • ASSOCIATION OF FORMER INTELLIGENCE OFFICERS PERISCOPE NEWSLETTER • PAGE 11 publication of the hardcover a year with a wide variety of issues, includ- ago. ing China’s recent admission to the WTO, changing priorities of the Chi- Law Enforcement Counterintel- nese government,the ups and downs of ligence - AFIO member and acclaimed U.S.-China relations, and the difficul- e-Bulletin Board author Lawrence B. Sulc’s book enti- ties of dealing with a unique culture. tled Law Enforcement Counterintel- This timely, new Current Issues Forum Selections ligence is now available in paperback can guide you confidently past such for $24.96; ISBN: 1888644745. Pub- potential obstacles—put you on the lished by Varro Press in October of RESEARCHERS inside track to a successful venture in 1996, this 229 page book is an insight- SEEKING ASSISTANCE this large and challenging market. Con- ful look into the logistics and processes [IMPORTANT: AFIO does not “vet” inquiries and offers. ference will be held October 3, 2003 at involved in CI and law enforcement. Responders are urged to exercise normal caution and the AMA Executive Conference Center good judgment when responding] To order and read reviews of his book, in Washington, D.C. Information and visit www.Amazon.com. Interviews requested: “My name Registration are at www.amanet.org/ is Rosemary N. Dew, an AFIO member. AFIO Member Publishes events/latin_america/register.htm I am a former FBI Supervisory Special Fourth Book: Arthur E Gerringer, a 16 - 18 October – CASIS Agent. My book, No Cover, about my former U.S. Army CI Agent, Federal INTERNATIONAL CONFER- career in the FBI, will be published by Agent and President of The Inter-Sec ENCE 2003 – The Canadian Asso- Carroll & Graf in January, 2004. For Group has released his newest book. ciation for Security and Intelligence my second book, which is about the His specialty is counter-terrorism Studies is hosting its annual security FBI’s Special Intelligence Service, I and the book is entitled “Terrorism, conference this year in Vancouver, would like to interview anyone who From One Millinneum to the Next”. British Columbia. This year’s confer- has information about the FBI’s Spe- It is over five hundred pages and is ence, entitled “Homeland Insecuri- cial Intelligence Service. Anyone with packed with hundreds of profiles on ties: The Shifting Borders of Security, assistance can contact me by email at terrorist organizations and individu- Intelligence and Law Enforcement” [email protected].” als, from both the right and the left, will provide a forum for discussing both domestic and international. It was USTAMP Research Inquiry: trends in terrorism as well as homeland published by the Writers Press Guild “I am Julian Schofield, professor of security issues facing Canada and the and is available for online purchase via political science at Concordia Univer- U.S., specifically focusing on borders www.IUniverse.com. sity (Montreal), and retired Capt Cana- and security. This three day conference dian army engineers. I am conducting Calling all Packrats — OLD will be held at the Simon Fraser Uni- research on doctrine in Pakistan’s SSG INTELLIGENCER ISSUES - versity Harbour Centre at 515 West and the US’s role in helping develop- Reward for missing Intelligencer Hastings St., Vancouver, BC. The ing it. I was hoping to draw upon the Issues! We are looking for selected Conference will run from 1:00 pm on advice and experience of AFIO to find copies of the “Intelligencer” to com- Thursday, October 16th to 5:30 pm on out what doctrine was taught by Colo- plete the AFIO archive. Needed: Any Saturday, October 18th, 2003 followed nel Kelly Thompson’s USTAMP and issue from 1989 (Vol.1), the first 1990 by the CASIS Annual General Meet- his fifteen member staff. Half of these issue (Vol.2, Num.1), and a 1994 ing on the 18th. For more information were civilians directed by the CIA in summer issue (Vol.5, Num.2). If you involving this popular conference, the U.S. embassy, and the remainder have the issues we need, we would email [email protected]. have unknown military affiliations. greatly appreciate lending us your 24 - 25 October - Kennebunk- Names include: Lord, Buckley, Dunn, copy to be promptly returned. Contact port, ME - AFIO/NEW ENGLAND Murray, Hicks, and Sommers. I am AFIO ([email protected]) and we CHAPTER holds Fall meeting at The speculating that these are 77th SFGA, will arrange your reward. and civilians were drawn from OSS Nonantum Resort, on the banks of the Jedburg teams etc. Anyone with assis- Kennebunk River in historic Ken- tance can contact Mr. Schofield at juli UPCOMING INTELLIGENCE COMMUNITY nebunkport, Maine. Their speaker [email protected]” ACTIVITIES BY DATE will be Chapter member Dr. William H. Anderson, senior psychiatrist at Massa- 3 October 03 - Washington, chusetts General Hospital and lecturer NEW BOOKS, WEBSITES, & MISCELLANEOUS D.C. - Learn the Secret of Doing at Harvard, who will tell us about “The ITEMS OF INTEREST Business in Today’s China - Risk Mind of The Terrorist.” Inquiries to PA Assessments from the American Intel- Adler at (860) 669-7706 Now in Paperback – A new ligence Profession. National Leader- 30 - 31 October - Ft. Meade, paperback version of Ronald Kessler’s ship Forum on Global Challenges and MD – The Center for Cryptologic book “THE BUREAU: THE SECRET co-sponsor American Management History hosts the NINTH SYM- HISTORY OF THE FBI” is now out Association host this current issues POSIUM ON CRYPTOLOGIC with an epilogue on the events since forum. American firms must contend

PAGE 12 • ASSOCIATION OF FORMER INTELLIGENCE OFFICERS PERISCOPE NEWSLETTER • 2003 2003 • ASSOCIATION OF FORMER INTELLIGENCE OFFICERS PERISCOPE NEWSLETTER • PAGE 13 HISTORY at the Maritime Institute, CURRENT AFIO CHAPTERS a conference complex near the Balti- more-Washington International Airport = California—San Francisco = Maine—Portland/Kennebunk California Jim Quesada Chapter Maine Chapter [In Formation] (a few miles north of the NSA campus Sec. Mary Lou Anderson Pres. Dr. William Anderson on Fort Meade). The Symposium will [email protected] (207) 985-3216 have panels on pre-war and World War [email protected] II cryptology as well as the Cold War. = California—San Diego See advertisement on page 18 of this San Diego Chapter = Massachusetts/Connecticut/Rhode Island/ Pres. Darryl Thibault Vermont/New Hampshire/Maine issue of Periscope. 619.297.9959 New England Chapter 18 - 20 November - Sciax Coun- [email protected] Pres. Position vacant send inquiries to ter-Terrorism Conference (SCTC) – = Colorado—Denver/Boulder [email protected] This is a nonprofit conference hosted Rocky Mountain Chapter by Sciax and Tactical Watreborne Pres. Jim Thomas = Montana—Bozeman Operations (T.W.O.) with the goal of 719.481.8501 Dick Grant Chapter exposing capable people to current [email protected] Co. Pres. Gary Wanberg 406.542.1484 counter-terrorist philosophies, tech- = Florida—Jacksonville [email protected] niques and equipment. This year’s con- North Florida Chapter ference has recently been announced Pres. Ken Meyer = Nevada—Reno and will feature Lt. Col. Dave Gross- 904.630.1212 Northern Sierra Chapter man conducting his full 7-hour semi- [email protected] Pres. Bart Bechtel 775.833.0181 nar, as well as AFIO members speak- = Florida—Palm Beach [email protected] ing and presenting. SCTC 2003 will Palm Beach Chapter be held November 18,19,20 at the Pres. F. W. Rustmann = Nevada—Las Vegas Sheraton Oceanfront Hotel in Virginia 561.655.3111 Las Vegas Chapter Beach, VA. E-mail [email protected] for [email protected] Pres. Richard Cohn 702.295.0911 registration details. You can also con- = Florida—Cape Canaveral [email protected] tact Teena Rumak, Sciax, by Phone Satellite Beach Chapter (416) 778-6770; Toll Free (877) 997- Pres. John Hilliard = New Mexico—Santa Fe 2429; Fax (416) 778-8775; or E-mail 321.777.0927 New Mexico Chapter [email protected] [email protected] Pres. Dick Callaghan 505.992.1338 5 December 03 - Atlanta, GA - = Florida—St. Petersburg [email protected] Business Opportunities and Pitfalls Florida Suncoast Chapter Pres. Bernie Tauber = New York—New York, New Jersey, Connecticut in Today’s Latin America - Risk 813.968.4932 Derek Lee Chapter Assessments from American Diplo- [email protected] Pres. Don Milton matic and Intelligence Professionals. 516.621.5262 National Leadership Forum on Global = Florida—Miami [email protected] Challenges and co-sponsor American Miami Chapter Thomas Spencer = Ohio—Cleveland Management Association host this 305.374.7700 Northern Ohio Chapter current issues forum. American firms [email protected] Pres. Valdis Berzins must contend with a wide variety of 440.842.6688 issues, including the potential distanc- = Georgia—Atlanta [email protected] ing of some South American countries Shirley Bodie Findley Chapter Pres. Pat Patterson = Pennsylvania—Erie from U.S.-centric economic policies, 770.339.3971 Presque Isle Chapter the obstacles of narco-terrorism and [email protected] Pres. Bob Heibel resurgent populism, the ups and 814.824.2117 downs of U.S. relations, and the con- = Hawaii—Honolulu [email protected] tinuing challenges for foreign invest- Hawaii Chapter Pres. Dr. Paul Kenyon = Texas—San Antonio ment. This timely, new Current Issues 808.9460686 Texas Alamo Chapter Forum can guide you confidently past [email protected] Pres. Henry Bussey such potential obstacles—put you on 210.490.5408 the inside track to a successful venture = Illinois—Elgin [email protected] in this large and challenging market. Midwest Chapter Pres. Angelo Diliberti = Washington—Seattle Conference will be held December 5, 847.931.4184 Pacific Northwest Chapter 2003 at AMA Executive Conference [email protected] Pres. George Knudtzon Center, Atlanta. Information and Reg- 360.698.1403 istration at www.amanet.org/events/ [email protected] latin_america/register.htm 

PAGE 12 • ASSOCIATION OF FORMER INTELLIGENCE OFFICERS PERISCOPE NEWSLETTER • 2003 2003 • ASSOCIATION OF FORMER INTELLIGENCE OFFICERS PERISCOPE NEWSLETTER • PAGE 13 The Composition of Current AFIO Membership as of 22 August 2003

AllAll Members Members - -Life Life and and Dues-PayingDues-Paying Corporate 3% Associate 24% Other, 1%

Full 72%8/22/2003

FullFull Memberships Memberships Only Only IntelligenceIntelligence AffiliationsAffiliations

NSA FBI 3% 4% Homeland DIA Security 3% 5%

Unidentified CIA 15% 26%

Air Force Marine Corps 10% 8%

Army Navy 18% 8%

PAGE 14 • ASSOCIATION OF FORMER INTELLIGENCE OFFICERS PERISCOPE NEWSLETTER • 2003 2003 • ASSOCIATION OF FORMER INTELLIGENCE OFFICERS PERISCOPE NEWSLETTER • PAGE 15

Confidential AFIO Membership Office spouses supportive of AFIO. For exam- ple, Mrs. Richard Colby, widow of the CURRENT AFIO former Director of the CIA, attended CORPORATE PARTNERS the most recent AFIO luncheon. GROWING A S O F This exclusive collection of AFIO A UGUST 2 0 0 3 Corporate leaders and members is what makes us the private support organization with ACS DEFENSE, Inc. Partnerships the greatest access to the top offi cials with AFIO of the Intelligence Community. I’ll say ANONYMOUS - 1 it again: THE GREATEST ACCESS TO THE TOP OFFICIALS OF THE BLUE TECH, Inc. Robert E. INTELLIGENCE COMMUNITY. CACI INTERNATIONAL - FEDERAL Redding, The business and industrial cor- VP CORPORATE CHECKPOINT SYSTEMS DEVELOPMENT porations of America have their own mission, i.e., providing contractual CHLORINE CHEMISTRY COUNCIL [email protected] services and goods to the U.S. Gov- DISCOVERY INTERNATIONAL ASSOCIATES ernment, including the Intelligence In our most recent fl agship publi- Community. This means, however, that DUPONT INVESTMENT BANKERS cations, President Gene Poteat uttered they need to be familiar with current the following challenge: “AFIO’s Congressional and Executive Branch GEO-CENTERS mission of educating the public is no policies and programs for which they HILL & ASSOCIATES (Americas) longer just a goal, it is essential and can qualify and obtain profi table con- critical action we need to implement. It tracts. INCRIS will take the best from all of us.” In this highly competitive world, INSTITUTE OF WORLD POLITICS Fortunately, AFIO’s human how can they gain such knowledge? resources are very impressive. We INTERNATIONAL SPY MUSEUM • AFIO provides a unique oppor- have 11 members of our Honorary LITTON PRC Board which includes two past Presi- tunity for senior level corporate offi - dents and the most recent addition of cials to obtain a deeper insight about LOCKHEED MARTIN (M&DS) R. James Woolsey, former Director the critical conditions in our daily ter- MAJOR, CAPPS & ASSOCIATES of the Central Intelligence Agency. rorist world, through Symposia and The 26-member Board of Directors Conferences. MANTECH-AEGIS RESEARCH Corp. is chaired by Lt. Gen. Lincoln D. • AFIO provides its corporate MOTOROLA Faurer, USAF (Ret), onetime Director partners access to experienced intel- of the National Security Agency, and ligence experts by personal contact at NORTHROP GRUMMAN Corp. the Vice Chairman is E. Peter Earnest, AFIO-sponsored events, and in writ- former senior offi cial at CIA and cur- ten publications, such as (1) the semi- ORINCON Corp. rent Executive Director of the Inter- annual Intelligencer, a journal of U.S. PHILLIPS INTERNATIONAL, Inc. national Spy Museum in Washington, intelligence studies; (2) semi-annual DC. Our indefatigable trio of Execu- Periscope, a printed commentary, PORTBLUE Corp. tive Offi cers include President Poteat, speeches and articles on intelligence; RAYTHEON, Inc. Senior Vice President Lt. Gen. Edward (3) monthly E-Bulletin Board Notices J. Heinz USAF (Ret), and Executive of IC events, author assistance requests, RSA SECURITY, Inc. Director Roy K. Jonkers. These 40 job openings, and positions wanted; (4) alumni intelligence veterans are the AFIO Web Site; (5) monographs, and SECURITY SERVICE SPECIALISTS, Inc. best of us. (6) most important, the Weekly Intel- SPARTA, Inc. ligence Notes [WINs], emailed weekly In addition, the AFIO human STG, Inc. resources include a new high level commentaries on intelligence issues. of 3,500 former intelligence offi cers WOW, WHAT A BARGAIN! TAYLOR & FRANCIS BOOKS, Ltd. who have accumulated countless This is why we have enlarged our TRUMP ORGANIZATION years, days and hours of public ser- AFIO family of corporate partners, vice in the intelligence/law enforce- now 33 in number, and are looking to TRW SPACE & DEFENSE ment fi eld. They served not only the grow this number by 100%. With your U.S. Government but also state and help we can do it! Drop me a note, let’s VERIDIAN local governments, also with corporate talk. You can reach me at the AFIO at THE WACKENHUT CORPORATION and academic connections. Indeed, this afi o@afi o.com or at RobRedding@- immense peer group includes many earthlink.net.  THE WINDERMERE GROUP PAGE 14 • ASSOCIATION OF FORMER INTELLIGENCE OFFICERS PERISCOPE NEWSLETTER • 2003 2003 • ASSOCIATION OF FORMER INTELLIGENCE OFFICERS PERISCOPE NEWSLETTER • PAGE 15 ------Agenda subject to confirmation and (8) “Spies in Black Ties” – AFIO Annual amplification Awards Banquet, Sunday Evening Formal attire recommended but not Registration and Security at NRO – 8:20 - 9: mandatory. Includes Open Bar Reception 10 & Banquet with distinguished Keynote (1) Hon. Peter Teets, Director NRO – Space speaker, music, entertainment, awards. Reconnaissance Today and Tomorrow (2) Lt. Gen. (ret) James Clapper, Director SUNDAY 2 NOVEMBER NIMA – Global Geo-Spatial Intelligence —DAY TWO— Achievements and Plans (3) Dr. Anthony Tether, Director DARPA – Advanced technologies & Systems for – SUNDAY MORNING – National Security SPECIAL CONVENTION PROGRAMS (4) Dr. Donald Kerr, CIA Deputy Director for S&T – Achievements in Technology in the AFIO NATIONAL INTELLIGENCE SYMPOSIUM (1) Option A - Exclusive private (no public War on Terrorism AND CONVENTION 2003 admitted) tour of International Spy Museum, (5) BG Michael Ennis, Director of Intelligence, with introduction by Peter Earnest, ISM USMC – Iraq War ISR Lessons Executive Director. (6) FINCEN – Financial Counter-Terrorist OR Achievements & Challenges THE CHANGING (2) Option B - Bus tour from hotel covering (7) DoD – Cyber Information Operations sites relating to the FBI traitor Hanssen & the (8) Reception FACE KGB, (limit 50). TUESDAY 4 NOVEMBER OF INTELLIGENCE – SUNDAY AFTERNOON – CONVENTION PROGRAM AT HOTEL —DAY 4— TENTATIVE AGENDA as of CENTRAL INTELLIGENCE AGENCY, 15 September 2003 (1) Luncheon with distinguished guest LANGLEY, VA Convention/Symposium Co-Chairmen: speaker/author S. Eugene Poteat, AFIO President (2) Korea/China Assessment NOTE: Special security restrictions & Roy K. Jonkers, AFIO Executive Director (3) Intelligence Issues Panel screening apply. No cell phones, cameras AT SHERATON PREMIERE HOTEL (4) Intelligence Book Review panel, Ward or recording devices allowed at either NRO Tysons Corner, VA, Warren et al., – Review of Intelligence or CIA. Those attending must provide SSN, NATIONAL RECONNAISSANCE OFFICE, Literature of the past year. Place and Date of Birth (provide by phone, and at CENTRAL INTELLIGENCE AGENCY (5) General Membership Meeting - fax or mail if desired) President, Sr. VP & Executive Director (6) Congeniality Hour(s) / Have a drink on AGENDA subject to confirmation and IMPORTANT SECURITY NOTES TO ATTENDEES AFIO amplification

· Session is unclassified, Background-Use- – SUNDAY EVENING – Registration and Security at CIA – 7:30 to 8: Only, Not-For-Attribution CONVENTION CHAPTER PROGRAM 20 · Do not use cell phones, tape recorders AT HOTEL or other recording devices. Place cell (1) Hon. Porter Goss, HPSCI Chairman, phones or pagers on silent mode. You Chapter Workshop – restricted to current – Congressional Perspectives on the may otherwise be asked to leave. and prospective Chapter representatives, Intelligence Community conducted by AFIO VP for Chapters Emerson (2) CIA Official – CIA Intelligence · Security personnel are on duty. Cooper. No cost, but must register. Limited Achievements and Challenges attendance. (3) Hon. Robert Mueller, Dir. FBI – FBI in Transition, CONVENTION ENDS (4) Lt. Gen. Michael Hayden, Director NSA AFIO CONVENTION – NSA in the Information Age 1 & 2 NOVEMBER 2003 (5) Hon. Stephen A. Cambone, Under- SHERATON PREMIERE HOTEL AFIO NATIONAL Secretary of Defense for Intelligence – Defense Intelligence in Transformation INTELLIGENCE SYMPOSIUM (6) John Brennan, Director TTIC – Terrorist SATURDAY 1 NOVEMBER 3 & 4 NOVEMBER 2003 Intelligence - Terrorist Threat Integration —DAY ONE— Center operation, achievements and The Changing Face of Intelligence challenges (7) Dr. John Gannon, House Committee (1) Luncheon speaker (invited) Dr. Paul Pillar, Staff Director – Homeland Security - National Intelligence Officer for S. Asia / MONDAY 3 NOVEMBER —DAY 3— Congressional Perspectives Middle East. (8) Ambassador Robert Hutchings, (2) Mid-East Situation Report & Discussion NATIONAL RECONNAISSANCE OFFICE, CHANTILLY, VA National Intelligence Council Director – US (3) CI Centre - Israeli Intelligence & CI over Intelligence Requirements for the 21st the years Century (4) Medical Intelligence Center - Biological NOTE: Special security restrictions & (9) Reception WMD threat & risks screening apply. No cell phones, cameras (5) DEA - Narcotics Intelligence or recording devices allowed at either NRO (6) National Counter Intelligence Executive or CIA. Those attending must provide AFIO (NCIX) your SSN, Place and Date of Birth (provide SYMPOSIUM ENDS (7) Congeniality Hour(s) - Enjoy a strong by phone, fax, mail if desired) beverage on AFIO

PAGE 16 • ASSOCIATION OF FORMER INTELLIGENCE OFFICERS PERISCOPE NEWSLETTER • 2003 2003 • ASSOCIATION OF FORMER INTELLIGENCE OFFICERS PERISCOPE NEWSLETTER • PAGE 17 PAGE 16 • ASSOCIATION OF FORMER INTELLIGENCE OFFICERS PERISCOPE NEWSLETTER • 2003 2003 • ASSOCIATION OF FORMER INTELLIGENCE OFFICERS PERISCOPE NEWSLETTER • PAGE 17 The Center for Cryptologic History hosts the Ninth Symposium on Cryptologic History

30-31 October 2003 - Ft. Meade, Maryland

at the Maritime Institute, a conference complex in Linthicum, MD near the Baltimore-Washington International Airport (a few miles north of the NSA campus on Fort Meade). The Symposium will have panels on pre-war and World War II cryptology as well as the Cold War. All symposium sessions will be unclassifi ed. The confi rmed speaker list includes David Kahn, Nigel West, Tony Sale (formerly of Bletchley Park), and a World War II operator who copied Japanese traffi c on Guadalcanal.

The National Cryptologic Museum Foundation is administering the registration process on behalf of the Center for Cryptologic History. The Maritime Institute will provide lunch for all conference attendees. REGISTRATION: The National Cryptologic Museum Foundation is handling registration for the symposium. If you’d like to join this exploration of cryptologic history, complete the online form at http://www.nsa.gov/docs/history/2003Symposium.html and send it, with a check of $25/person/day, to: The National Cryptologic Museum Foundation, P. O. Box 1682, Ft. George G. Meade, MD 20755-9998 The Maritime Institute has rooms for 29 and 30 October. To make reservations, call 410-859-5700 and press option 0 (zero). Reservations should be made by 1 October.

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Published quarterly, the International Journal of Intelligence International and CounterIntelligence serves as a medium for professionals and scholars to exchange opinions on issues and challenges Journal of encountered by both government and business institutions in Intelligence and making contemporary intelligence-related decisions and policy. At the same time, it serves as an invaluable resource for re- CounterIntelligence searchers looking to assess previous developments and events in the field of national security. Editor-in-Chief: Richard R. Valcourt Dedicated to the advancement of the academic discipline of P.O. Box 1975 intelligence studies, the International Journal of Intelligence New York, NY 10021 and CounterIntelligence publishes articles and book reviews focusing on a broad range of national security matters. As an independent, non-partisan forum, the journal presents the in- AFIO members can subscribe to JIC formed and diverse findings of its contributing authors, and at the special rate of just $55! does not advocate positions of its own. (Save $30 off the regular individual rate.) The journal is read by current and former intelligence and To enter your subscription to JIC at the special rate for AFIO national security professionals in government, business, and members contact Taylor & Francis at the address below: the military, as well as academics studying intelligence and foreign policy, members of the media covering foreign and do- Taylor & Francis: Journals Customer Service Dept. 325 Chestnut Street, Philadelphia, PA 19106 mestic affairs, and interested members of the public. Call Toll Free 1-800-354-1420 (ext. 216) Tel: 215-625-8900 (ext. 216) • Fax: 215-625-8914 SUBSCRIPTION INFORMATION Web Site: www.taylorandfrancis.com International Journal of Intelligence Contact AFIO at: and Counterintelligence AFIO - Association of Former Intelligence Officers Quarterly, Volume 17 (2004) 6723 Whittier Avenue, Suite 303A, McLean, VA 22101-4533 ISSN 0885-0607 (print)/1521-0561 (online) Tel: 703-790-0320 • Fax: 703-790-0264 AFIO member special individual rate: $55 Web Site: www.afio.com

PAGE 18 • ASSOCIATION OF FORMER INTELLIGENCE OFFICERS PERISCOPE NEWSLETTER • 2003 2003 • ASSOCIATION OF FORMER INTELLIGENCE OFFICERS PERISCOPE NEWSLETTER • PAGE 19 BALLOT CURRENT MEMBERS OF THE FOR ELECTION OF BOARD MEMBERS FOR 2004 A F I O B OARD OF D IRECTORS YOUR VOTE REQUESTED HONORARY BOARD OF DIRECTORS For those who have not already cast votes by e-mail, Co-Chairmen please send us your vote no later than 25 October 2003. Hon. George H. W. Bush Hon. Gerald R. Ford [VOTE FOR FIVE CANDIDATES, ONLY] Mr. John Barron Hon. Shirley Temple Black □ I vote for both nominated candidates below Hon. Frank C. Carlucci or Dr. Ruth M. Davis I vote for selected candidates as follows: Adm. Bobby R. Inman, USN (Ret) Clearly PRINT your name below so we can verify your membership status and that it is current. Professor Ernest R. May Mr. John Anson Smith Hon. William H. Webster Jack G. Downing, former Deputy Director of Operations [DDO- Hon. R. James Woolsey □ CIA] entered the CIA in 1967. During his illustrious CIA career he served as Station chief in both Moscow and Beijing, and as Chief of BOARD OF DIRECTORS the DO East Asia Division. He retired in 1995, but was talked into Lt. Gen. Lincoln D. Faurer, USAF (Ret) Chairman serving another two year tour by the DCI in 1997. He graduated from Mr. E. Peter Earnest, Vice Chairman Harvard University majoring in Chinese language and history and Mr. Ralph W. Adams Asian studies, spent two combat tours as an infantry officer in the MG Edward B. Atkeson, USA (Ret) US Marine Corps in Vietnam. Mr. Charles A. Briggs- Emeritus Mr. Rusty Capps □ Edward J. Heinz, Lt. Gen., USAF(Ret), former Director, Mr. Jack G. Downing - Acting Intelligence Community Staff, CIA. As the principal Deputy for Mr. Martin C. Faga Intelligence Community matters to the Director of Central Intel- Mr. Robert F. Grealy ligence, he was responsible for policy, planning, coordination, Mr. Samuel Halpern - Emeritus legislative liaison and budget issues of the intelligence community. RADM Donald P. Harvey, USN (Ret) - Emeritus He also served as the senior military adviser to the Director of Cen- Mr. H. Frederick Hutchinson tral Intelligence. He has degrees in economics and geography from Mr. Roy K. Jonkers the University of Minnesota and a master’s degree in public administration from Mr. William T. Kvetkas Auburn University. The General completed Squadron Officer School in 1961, Air Mr. Brian Latell Mr. John L. Martin Command and Staff College in 1966 and the Air War College in 1974. He retired Mrs. Mary McCausland from the military in April 1990. RADM Don H. McDowell, USN (Ret) Mr. C. Carson Morris Mr. Albano F. Ponte □ Mr. S. Eugene Poteat [write-in candidate] Mr. Paul J. Redmond □ Maj. Gen. Jack E. Thomas, USAF (Ret)–Emeritus [write-in candidate] Mr. John H. Waller Mrs. Julia B. Wetzel □ LTG James A. Williams, USA (Ret) [write-in candidate] Lt. Gen. C. Norman Wood, USAF (Ret) Send vote to AFIO - Votes, 6723 Whittier Ave Ste 303A, McLean, VA 22101. OFFICERS If you have not done so by e-mail but are able, send your vote instead by e-mail to [email protected] President supplying the names of your selections, or just write “BOTH” if applicable. Mr. S. Eugene Poteat Sr. Vice President Lt. Gen Edward J. Heinz, USAF (Ret) Executive Director New AFIO Appointment Effective 2004 Mr. Roy K. Jonkers Secretary/Treasurer Mrs. Mary Elizabeth McCausland To replace VP Lt. Gen. Ed Heinz [USAF-Ret], now Assistant Executive Director moving to the AFIO Board, will be André Kesteloot. Ms. Elizabeth Bancroft Kesteloot, born in Belgium, retired from CIA at the Legal Counsel end of 1994 and has since worked as a consultant for William Benteen Bailey, Esq various Government contractors. He is the author Financial Counsel John W. Balch, CPA of “Why Did Lafayette Come To America?” which appeared in the Winter 2000 issue of Intelligencer. He is the recipient of CIA’s “Intelli- gence Star,” given by the Agency for a voluntary act or acts of courage performed under hazardous conditions or for outstanding achievements or services rendered with distinction under conditions of grave risk.

PAGE 18 • ASSOCIATION OF FORMER INTELLIGENCE OFFICERS PERISCOPE NEWSLETTER • 2003 2003 • ASSOCIATION OF FORMER INTELLIGENCE OFFICERS PERISCOPE NEWSLETTER • PAGE 19 NATIONAL RECONNAISSANCE OFFICE 2003 ORGANIZATION CHART

TWO LOCATIONS OF THE AFIO INTELLIGENCE SYMPOSIUM 2003 BEING HELD 1 - 4 NOVEMBER

NRO Headquarters, Chantilly, VA

CIA’s “Old Headquarters Building,” Langley, VA

PAGE 20 • ASSOCIATION OF FORMER INTELLIGENCE OFFICERS PERISCOPE NEWSLETTER • 2003 2003 • ASSOCIATION OF FORMER INTELLIGENCE OFFICERS PERISCOPE NEWSLETTER • PAGE 21 DIRECTOR OF CENTRAL INTELLIGENCE 2003 ORGANIZATION CHART

PAGE 20 • ASSOCIATION OF FORMER INTELLIGENCE OFFICERS PERISCOPE NEWSLETTER • 2003 2003 • ASSOCIATION OF FORMER INTELLIGENCE OFFICERS PERISCOPE NEWSLETTER • PAGE 21 unclassified report entitled “A Review unaware of the scope and significance of the FBI’s Performance in Deter- of these losses, and throughout the ring, Detecting, and Investigating 1980s the FBI failed to work coop- the Espionage Activities of Robert eratively with the CIA to resolve the Philip Hanssen.” It examines the cause of these losses or to thoroughly performance of the FBI in deterring, investigate whether an FBI mole could detecting, and investigating the espi- be responsible for these setbacks. We onage of Robert Philip Hanssen, a now know that Hanssen compromised Weekly former FBI Supervisory Special Agent. many of the assets and operations lost Hanssen’s espionage began in Novem- during the mid-1980s. Intelligence Notes ber 1979 - three years after he joined The early 1990s saw significant [WINs] the FBI – and continued intermittently improvement in FBI/CIA coopera- in three phases for over 20 years until tion, with the two agencies undertak- SELECTIONS his arrest in February 2001, just two ing a joint investigation concerning the months before his mandatory retire- cause of the 1985-86 asset losses. The ment date. The FBI is the lead agency FBI drastically increased the number of for detecting and investigating espio- squads and personnel devoted to espi- WEEKLY INTELLIGENCE NOTES nage committed in the United States. onage investigations, and the FBI’s ARE SENT TO ALL MEMBERS BY E-MAIL The report paints a painful picture of senior management took a much more our Cold War FBI counter-espionage active role in supervising penetration Weekly Intelligence Notes (WINs) posture. investigations. The energized penetra- are produced, edited and written by The OIG report comes in three tion efforts led to successful espionage Roy Jonkers, and sent electronically versions. The full 674-page report is prosecutions of CIA officers Aldrich to AFIO members and WIN subscrib- classified at the Top Secret/Codeword Ames and Harold Nicholson, FBI ers for non-profit educational uses. level because it contains extremely sen- Special Agent Earl Pitts, and NSA They may not be reproduced without sitive classified information regarding detailee David Boone. While the FBI permission from the Producer. sources involved in the Hanssen case worked closely with the CIA’s Special RADM (ret) Don Harvey con- and FBI counterintelligence activities. Investigations Unit (SIU) on most of tributes articles to selected WINs, There also is a 383-page report, classi- these cases, the SIU was not an equal and AFIO members’ commentaries fied at the Secret level, which does not partner. The FBI’s failure to keep the may also be included in Section VI, contain the detailed information on the CIA apprised of information concern- Letters. sensitive sources that is included in the ing non-CIA espionage investigations Top Secret/Codeword version. In addi- – such as the case involving FBI agent The following articles are tion, a 31-page unclassified executive Earl Pitts – undermined the effort to extracted (and occasionally abbre- summary was prepared to provide a identify Hanssen. viated) from WINs 26-03 to 32-03. public summary of the main findings In attempting to identify the mole They are a sample of possible use by in the more extensive classified reports. members in getting new members to who turned out to be Hanssen, the FBI The Inspector General previously pro- intensively pursued a CIA suspect. This join AFIO, and this section may be vided a copy of all three versions of reproduced for that purpose. investigation culminated in the submis- the report to the FBI for its comments sion of a report to the Justice Depart- CONTENTS of WINs on their factual accuracy and clas- ment that appeared to seek the pros- SECTION I - Current Intelligence sification, and made changes where ecution of that CIA suspect, despite SECTION II - Context and Precedence appropriate. the fact that some senior FBI manag- SECTION III - Cyber Intelligence Selected excerpts from the OIG ers had serious reservations about the SECTION IV - Books and Sources report follow. “The FBI’s penetration conclusions of the report and doubted SECTION V - Notes & Announcements efforts in the late 1970s and 1980s suf- whether the officer – who has since SECTION VI - Letters fered from a lack of cooperation with been exonerated by the FBI – was the the CIA and from inattention on the correct target. S E C T I O N I part of senior management. In 1985 Although the FBI pursued pene- and 1986, the CIA and FBI lost nearly CURRENT INTELLIGENCE tration leads in the 1990s that we now every significant human asset then know related to Hanssen, he received operating against the Soviet Union. no investigative scrutiny until late JUSTICE DEPARTMENT These losses were unprecedented 2000. Indeed, the FBI never opened REPORT ON FBI TRAITOR in scope, quantity, significance, and even a preliminary inquiry on any FBI HANSSEN – The Office of the Inspec- timing, yet the FBI undertook no sus- employee in connection with the search tor General (OIG) of the Department of tained effort to determine their cause. for the mole ultimately identified as Justice (DOJ) on 14 August released an Senior management was almost entirely Hanssen. This was true even though

PAGE 22 • ASSOCIATION OF FORMER INTELLIGENCE OFFICERS PERISCOPE NEWSLETTER • 2003 2003 • ASSOCIATION OF FORMER INTELLIGENCE OFFICERS PERISCOPE NEWSLETTER • PAGE 23 the FBI had access to information sug- duct when committing espionage was and reinforced by constructive critique gesting that the mole might be an FBI reckless. For example, Hanssen (1) and correction. One may remember employee, and believed that the mole set up an FBI camera on a drop site that anyone can be made to look bad had compromised certain FBI assets he used for exchanges with the GRU with perfect hindsight. The betrayal and operations. during his first period of espionage; (2) by Hanssen was counter-intuitive to Longstanding systemic prob- used an FBI telephone line and answer- his personal profile and uncharacter- lems in the FBI’s counterintelligence ing machine for communications with istic of the general FBI agent profile program played an important role in the KGB in 1986; (3) deposited much or departmental esprit. The FBI (and the FBI’s failure to uncover Hanssen. of the KGB’s cash directly into a pass- other departments and corporations) Most importantly, the FBI demon- book savings account in his name in internal CI system must adapt to this strated a reluctance to consider itself the late 1980s; (4) suggested to his insight, without going overboard. as a possible source for a penetration Russian handlers in 1991 that they This is an interesting report, worth in the absence of leads identifying attempt to recruit Jack Hoschouer, his reading in full. (Jonkers) (Department a specific FBI target. Thus, the FBI best friend; (5) directly approached a of Justice, Office of the Inspector maintained a focus on the CIA as the GRU officer in 1993 and revealed that General, 14 August 2003 //Glenn A. mole’s employer despite information he was an FBI agent who had previ- Fine, Inspector General, & 9-member indicating that the mole might be an ously committed espionage for the investigative team). (HTML version: FBI employee. KGB – an approach that led to a dip- http://www.usdoj.gov/oig/special/03- lomatic protest from the Russians and 08/index.htm) (PDF version: http: Ineffective oversight by FBI man- an FBI investigation that could have //www.usdoj.gov/oig/special/03-08/ agement and poor coordination with identified Hanssen as a mole; and (6) final.pdf) the Justice Department also contrib- searched the FBI’s computer system, INTELLIGENCE STOPS uted to the length of the FBI’s inves- during his last period of espionage, for POTENTIAL AIRLINE DISAS- tigation of the wrong suspect and the references to his own name, address, TER – In the ongoing unending war failure to pursue alternative avenues. and drop and signal sites – conduct that against the al-Qaeda terrorist threat, the The FBI managers with supervisory would have been difficult to explain intelligence community has scored a authority over the investigation often if the FBI had utilized the computer great many successes, including the deferred to line personnel – even when system’s audit feature. In sum, Hans- capture or killing of 65% of the al- the managers harbored serious doubts sen escaped detection not because he Qaeda leadership. The latest event of about the progress of the investigation was extraordinarily clever and crafty, note is the arrest of a British national, – resulting in a tacit endorsement of but because of longstanding systemic a reputed arms dealer (albeit seem- erroneous analysis and conclusions. problems in the FBI’s counterintelli- ingly small-time and stupid), alleged This problem was compounded by the gence program and a deeply flawed to have planned to smuggle Russian FBI’s poor coordination with the Jus- FBI internal security program.” tice Department components respon- IGLA-18 man-portable shoulder-fired sible for overseeing intelligence inves- The report of this long-running anti-aircraft missiles, with a 4 to 5 tigations – the Office of Intelligence espionage and treason-from-within lbs explosive warhead and infra-red Policy and Review (OIPR) and the is disturbing reading. It confirms my homing capability, into the continen- Criminal Division’s Internal Security own suspicion, based on career obser- tal US. The man was caught in a Rus- Section (ISS). Because the FBI did not vations, of the security (or systemic sian-British-US sting operation, in provide the Justice Department with insecurity) of some HUMINT assets, which the agents mentioned that they complete information about its inves- even if never imagined in this propor- were interested in buying the missiles tigation – omitting crucial information tion and magnitude. The report shows for shooting down an airliner ‘as part about weaknesses in proof and inves- the damage from leadership feuds and of the Jihad,’ and to ‘inflict economic tigative setbacks – the Justice Depart- bureaucratic turf protection, such as damage on the US.’ The sting began ment could not properly evaluate the between the Justice Department and five months ago in Moscow, where strength of the FBI’s case against the the FBI, which possibly colors this Russian operatives provided the man CIA suspect. DoJ/OIG report on the FBI to some with a dummy sample missile. extent. It highlights systemic short- Attempts to smuggle surface- Although Hanssen escaped detec- comings. The 21 OIG recommenda- to-air missiles into the US have been tion for more than 20 years, this was tions (omitted from this article), many anticipated and feared since the Sept. not because he was a “master spy.” of which can be viewed from the out- 11, 2001, attacks. Testifying before While Hanssen took some important side as useful, are hopefully already Congress in February, DCI George steps to maintain his security – such accepted and put into place. Ultimately Tenet said “Al Qaeda is also develop- as refusing to reveal his identity to his we must and can rely on the integrity ing or refining new means of attack, Russian handlers – and used his knowl- of our government personnel and on including use of surface-to-air mis- edge of the FBI’s counterintelligence our constitutional system of checks siles…” They have indeed already practices and poor internal security to and balances, and that confidence can done so abroad. In June 2002, a cap- his advantage, much of Hanssen’s con- be restored (if needed, as in this case) tured terrorist, Abu Huzifa, who led

PAGE 22 • ASSOCIATION OF FORMER INTELLIGENCE OFFICERS PERISCOPE NEWSLETTER • 2003 2003 • ASSOCIATION OF FORMER INTELLIGENCE OFFICERS PERISCOPE NEWSLETTER • PAGE 23 an al Qaeda cell in Saudi Arabia, told this information into a comprehensive lections... Maneuver units have lim- investigators he slipped through Saudi intelligence picture. No other collec- ited ability to see over the next hill, security around Prince Sultan Air tion asset provided the wide-area, all- around the next corner or inside the Force Base with two shoulder-fired weather coverage of the battle space next building…Generally, the state of SA-7 anti-aircraft missiles. He fired that the Joint Stars did with the MTI the Marine Corps’ tactical intelligence at an American plane that was taking [Moving Target Indicator] radar. When collection capability is well behind the off, but his missile failed to “lock on.” other platforms failed or were unavail- state-of-the-art…” Frightened, he buried the second mis- able, the CGS/Joint STARS combina- Intelligence officers from the last sile in the sand and ran away. tion ensured that we were not blind on century may not recognize the acro- the battlefield.” In November 2002, two shoulder- nyms, but the general thrust of the com- fired antiaircraft missiles were fired at Also, the AIP [Anti-surface war- plaints has a near-cliché ring only too an Arkia Israeli Airlines passenger jet fare Improvement Program] - P-3 (air- familiar from similar “lessons-learned” at Moi International Airport in Kenya. craft) “provides a tremendous Indica- reports in the 1900s. (Harvey) (Jane’s Investigators found a launcher for an tions and Warning capability, provided Defence Weekly 6 Aug ‘03 //T. Ripley) SA-7 Strela, a Soviet-designed shoul- that the support unit has a rider [liaison (WIN 31-03) der-fired antiaircraft missile and two officer] on board to direct employment NORTH KOREA SITREP – missile casings in the Changamwe of the sensor to meet the tactical needs North Korea announced that it has area of Mombasa, about a mile from of the ground user.” completed reprocessing 8,000 spent the airport. The serial number on the Continuing, “The Pioneer (UAV) fuel rods it removed from its nuclear launcher was from the same series as worked great when the bureaucracy reactor in Yongbyon, which would the launcher tube found in May 2002 between the [Pioneer unit] and the give it enough plutonium to manu- near Prince Sultan Air Force base in division G-2 could be negotiated, but facture three nuclear weapons. How Saudi Arabia. the lack of a habitual relationship and to deal with this member of the “axis Such missiles are relatively easy adequate rehearsal time limited our of evil” is obviously being debated to use, but without some training on ability to do so.” Systems such as the within the Administration. President the weapon, the hit/kill probability is Pioneer, P-3AIP, ATAR and other the- Bush has announced the official line greatly diminished. The IGLA war- ater and national assets “were great for – that multilateral regional negotia- heads are small and marginal to bring developing deep targets, (but) subject tion, also involving China, Japan and down a large aircraft, but if the hit is to the prioritization of higher head- South Korea, is the best way to handle made on an engine, could be lethal. quarters.” the crisis. Others in the administration Military aircraft undoubtedly pos- hold that further economic sanctions, According to the division, “a sess countermeasures. Civil aircraft or, in due time, surgical military strikes superb example of a successful UAV protection devices are probably under or even an invasion might be necessary system was the Dragon Eye, which discussion. Meanwhile, make your to curb the North Korean program and was fielded to selected battalions airline reservation and chalk one up regime. Such action would undoubt- and allowed to collect against the for the FBI, the Intelligence Com- edly have to wait for the removal of US commander’s priorities, locations and munity, and international anti-terror- troops from the current line of demar- schedule without interference from ist collaboration. (Jonkers) (ABC 12 cation to locations further south. higher headquarters.” Aug 03 //B. Ross) (WIN 32-03) (http: Intelligence leaks may be selec- //abcnews.go.com/sections/wnt/World/ But once the war started, the tively used to push various particular missile_arrest030812.html) Division complained that it received approaches to the problem. For exam- “very little actionable intelligence from TACTICAL INTELLIGENCE ple, recent media reports indicated that external intelligence organizations” LESSONS LEARNED (AGAIN) IN there are not one, but multiple North and that it had to assemble a coherent IRAQ – In what will probably be the Korean nuclear production sites. A pre- picture from what it could collect with first of several intelligence “lessons cision strike is obviously less attrac- organic and direct support assets alone. learned” reports from the US Opera- tive or effective if North Korea has Said the report: “On a fluid high-tempo tion designated “Iraqi Freedom,” the dispersed and hardened its process- battlefield, the highly centralized col- First Marine Division assessment can ing sites. Other media reports indi- lections bureaucracy is too slow and be summarized in one sentence: “The cate that US sensors are now picking cumbersome to be tactically relevant. Marine Corps has a tremendous void in up traces of krypton gas indicative of Navigating the labyrinth of collection its intelligence collection capabilities nuclear reprocessing activity. This is an tasking processes proved too difficult at the echelon that needs it the most.” argument for urgent action. One must in most cases to get reporting on divi- evaluate all these media reports care- Some systems received praise in sion targets, and certainly for battalion- fully, as intelligence, true or false, may the Division report. “The presence of level collections. The best employment be purposefully ‘leaked,’ for internal a Joint STARS control ground station option is to push more assets in direct political reasons, or as part of a com- [CGS] at the division had a tremen- support to the lowest tactical level, plex game of international power poli- dous positive effect for integrating and increase available organic col-

PAGE 24 • ASSOCIATION OF FORMER INTELLIGENCE OFFICERS PERISCOPE NEWSLETTER • 2003 2003 • ASSOCIATION OF FORMER INTELLIGENCE OFFICERS PERISCOPE NEWSLETTER • PAGE 25 tics. (Jonkers) (Wall St Journal 22 July Securities and Exchange Commission (WashTimes 4 July 03, p. A-10) (Wash- 03// C. Cooper) were briefed. There were no objec- Post 4 July 03, p. A20 ///W. Pincus) tions. The project did not make it to (WIN 26-03) POLICY FUTURES MARKET the Secretary of Defense or his senior CANCELED – The Defense Advanced CIA’S MOST RECENT GRAD- officials – but this is not unusual for Research Projects Agency (DARPA) UATES – To mark the occasion of the such a minor project. But in May the has the charter to think “out of the June graduation of its largest class of project came to the attention of some box.’ It is an entrepreneurial organiza- new officers, CIA recruiters recently lawmakers, who were tipped-off to tion that has performed magnificently spoke on a on-the-record basis to the look at the Web site, which showed in technology achievements, but has press. This was the first class enrolled trading examples to include betting recently encountered some political after the 11 September attacks. The on the possibility of the assassination turbulence when proposing “social- teaching of the craft of intelligence of Yasser Arafat. The senators called science” information projects (such work was conducted at the “Farm” a press conference and denounced the as the Terrorism Information Aware- – the officially unacknowledged site project as bizarre and morally repug- ness (TIA) project). Admiral (ret) John outside Williamsburg, Virginia. The nant, prompting the SecDef to cancel M. Poindexter, the head of DARPA’s group averages 29 years in age, and it, and the Admiral has now quit. Information Awareness Office, now one-third are women. Twelve percent (Jonkers) (WashPost 1 Aug 03 p. A1 - has just resigned under Congressio- are ethnic minorities, three-quarters of // WP 30 July p. A17 - V. Loeb and B. nal pressure over the “Policy Analysis the class speak a foreign language with Graham // WP 31 July p. A-19 Prof. Market” project, called FutureMAP “considerable” fluency; 70 percent had Wolfers & Zitzewitz, Stanford) (WIN (Futures Markets Applied to Predic- not been in the military or worked for 30-03) tions). the government. Some gave up more CIA INTERNAL REVIEW ON lucrative jobs in the private sector, and The project was conceived by a IRAQ INTELLIGENCE – A first part starting salaries will range between math and computer science specialist of a classified draft report on Iraq $45,000 and $60,000 a year. The who joined DARPA in 2000. Using WMD intelligence, written by a small chief of CIA human resources, Bob a model of a political futures market team headed by former CIA Deputy Rebelo, noted it takes a certain kind developed at the University of Iowa, Director Richard Kerr, was completed of mind to be a spy. He continued by which has proven better than pollsters in mid-June. The team reviewed the noting that CIA is always in need of and pundits in predicting the outcome major intelligence reports written for people proficient in foreign languages. of presidential elections, he proposed policy-makers, including the NIE “If you walked into this room with 100 a “market” for assisting analysts in issued in October 2002. An unclassi- native Arabic speakers, I’d give them predicting regional political events fied CIA report on this (classified) NIE all offers this afternoon, if they had and terrorist threats. After approval in stated that “Since inspections ended in the other qualifications we need,” he 2001, DARPA awarded initial design 1998, Iraq has maintained its chemical said. “Same with Chinese. Same with contracts to two small firms. They pro- weapons effort, energized its missile Persian. Same with Urdu. Same with posed setting up a market to anticipate program and invested more heavily Pashto.” major events in the Middle East and in biological weapons. Most analysts South Asia that would be internal to Understandably, Mr. Rebelo did assess Iraq is reconstituting its nuclear the Government, limited to intelligence not dwell on the fact that the “other weapons program.” This unclassified analysts and others within the Govern- qualifications” frequently preclude CIA report has been criticized for fail- ment. This approach, however, ran making an offer. Another possibly ing to mention the caveats of uncer- into legal prohibitions against moving limiting factor is the long range ques- tainty or doubt expressed by analysts money among agencies. So the next tion of how valuable will Pashto pro- about these propositions in the clas- iteration envisioned a public market. ficiency, for example, be to the orga- sified version. Nevertheless, Mr. Kerr It also narrowed the scope to eight nization ten years from now. (Harvey) reportedly stated publicly that “It is countries in the Middle East. Under the (Dallas Morning News 21 Aug ‘03 unlikely that even the most critical plan, most of the trading was to have //AP) [WINs 34-03, 5 September review of reporting would have led to centered on predictions based on gen- 2003] the conclusion that (WMD) programs eral indices regarding economic health, were not being continued.” civil stability and military posture, but S E C T I O N I I there were also provisions for future The second part of the report will contracts on the possibility of a terror- compare US intelligence reports with CONTEXT AND ist attack, assassinations, or a coup. evidence found within Iraq. A signifi- PRECEDENCE cant and intensive effort is underway In late 2002 Adm. Poindexter in Iraq to track WMD programs and approved field testing the project, DCI VIEWS ON IRAQ NIE 2002 evidence. As Mr. Kerr stated on the which envisioned registering traders by – DCI George Tenet recently provided Intelligence Community national esti- 1 August and starting trades on 1 Octo- his current perspective on the October mates, “It is a set of judgments. It may ber. The intelligence agencies and the 2002 National Intelligence Estimate be completely inaccurate.” (Jonkers)

PAGE 24 • ASSOCIATION OF FORMER INTELLIGENCE OFFICERS PERISCOPE NEWSLETTER • 2003 2003 • ASSOCIATION OF FORMER INTELLIGENCE OFFICERS PERISCOPE NEWSLETTER • PAGE 25 (NIE) on ‘Iraq’s Continuing Programs views were recorded. All agencies advanced than before the Gulf war. for Weapons of Mass Destruction,’ in agreed that the tubes could be used Chemical Weapons. As early a letter to the Washington Post, with to build gas centrifuges for a uranium as 1994, all agencies assessed that full text reproduced in WIN 32-03, enrichment program, so we are talk- Iraq could begin limited production but abbreviated here for Periscope. ing about differences in agency views of chemical agents almost immedi- The DCI stated: about intent. ately after UN sanctions, inspections “A great deal has been said and CIA, DIA, and NSA believed the and monitoring efforts were ended. written about the 2002 National Intel- tubes were intended for that purpose. By 1997, the Intelligence Commu- ligence Estimate (NIE). Much of this nity judged that Iraq was protecting a DOE believed they probably were commentary has been misinformed, breakout capability to produce more not part of the nuclear program and that misleading, and just plain wrong. It is weapons and agent quickly. We further conventional military uses were more important to set the record straight. assessed in 1997, that within months plausible. INR was not persuaded that Iraq could restart full-scale produc- We stand by the judgments in the tubes were intended for use as cen- tion of sarin and that pre-Desert Storm the NIE. Building upon ten years of trifuge rotors and considered artillery agent production levels–including pro- analysis, intelligence reporting, and rockets as the most likely purpose. duction of VX–could be achieved in inspections that had to fight through NGIC believed that these tubes were two to three years. And so it was not Iraq’s aggressive denial and deception poor choices for rocket motor bodies. a surprising story when all agencies efforts, including phony and incom- Not surprisingly, the Iraqis went judged in the NIE in 2002 that Bagh- plete data declarations to the UN and to great lengths to mask their inten- dad possessed chemical weapons, had programs explicitly designed with tions across the board, including in begun renewed production of mustard, built-in cover stories, the Intelligence their efforts to acquire tubes with sarin, cyclosarin, and VX and proba- Community prepared the NIE on Iraq’s increasingly higher sets of specifica- bly had at least100 metric tons (MT) weapons of mass destruction. In it we tions. Thus, the fact that we had alter- and possibly as much as 500 MT of judged that the entire body of informa- native views on the issue would be CW agents, much of it added in the tion over that ten years made clear that expected. But the NIE went to great last year. Saddam had never abandoned his pur- lengths to spell out those views. Many suit of weapons of mass destruction. Delivery Systems. The Intel- reading these alternative views, how- ligence Community’s assessment on Nuclear program. The NIE ever, almost certainly recalled how the possibility of Iraq having a few points out that by 2002, all agencies far Iraq had come in the early 1990s covert Scuds has been consistent assessed that Saddam did not yet have toward a nuclear weapon without our since at least 1995. As Iraq continued nuclear weapons or sufficient fissile knowledge, making all the factors lead- to develop its short-range missiles, we material to make any, but never aban- ing us to the reconstitution judgment collected more data and by 1999 were doned his nuclear weapons ambitions. more important. able to begin determining that both Moreover, most agencies believed that Biological Weapons. All agen- missiles were capable of flying over Iraq’s attempts to obtain high-strength cies of the Intelligence Community 150 km. Also by 1999 we had noted aluminum tubes for centrifuge rotors, since 1995 have judged that Iraq that according to multiple sources, Iraq magnets, high-speed balancing retained biological weapons and that was conducting a high priority program machines, and machine tools, as well the BW program continued. In 1999 to convert jet trainer aircraft to lethal as Iraq’s efforts to enhance it’s cadre we assessed Iraq had revitalized its UAVs, likely intended for delivering of weapons personnel and activities at program. New intelligence acquired biological agents. Again, not a new several suspect nuclear sites indicated in 2000 provided compelling infor- story for the NIE to judge that Iraq that Iraq was reconstituting its nuclear mation about Iraq’s ongoing offensive maintained a small missile force and weapons program. BW activities, describing construc- several development programs, includ- Even though the tubes constituted tion of mobile BW agent production ing an UAV that could deliver a bio- only one of the six elements underpin- plants—reportedly designed to evade logical warfare agent. ning the other agencies’ judgment on detection—with the potential to turn In sum, the NIE on Iraqi weapons reconstitution, I will discuss it briefly. out several hundred tons of unconcen- of mass destruction was the product We need to point out that DOE is not trated BW agent per year. Thus, it was of years of reporting and intelligence the only agency that has experts on the not a new story in 2002 when all agen- collection, analyzed by numerous issue. CIA has centrifuge and rocket cies judged in the NIE that Iraq had experts in several different agencies. experts. The National Ground Intel- biological weapons–that it had some Our judgments have been consistent on ligence Center (NGIC) –the US mil- lethal and incapacitating BW agents– this subject because the evidence has itary’s center for analysis of foreign and was capable of quickly producing repeatedly pointed to continued Iraqi conventional weaponry–has battle- and weaponizing a variety of such pursuit of WMD and efforts to conceal field rocket experts. These experts, agents, including anthrax. We judged that pursuit from international scrutiny. along with those from DOE, were that most of the key aspects of Iraq’s Modifications of our judgments have involved in the NIE process and their offensive BW program were more

PAGE 26 • ASSOCIATION OF FORMER INTELLIGENCE OFFICERS PERISCOPE NEWSLETTER • 2003 2003 • ASSOCIATION OF FORMER INTELLIGENCE OFFICERS PERISCOPE NEWSLETTER • PAGE 27 reflected new evidence, much of which Chairman of the JCS, noted, ‘You can turing Khalid Shaikh Mohammed in was acquired because of our intensi- develop military operations until hell Pakistan. He was believed to be the fied collection efforts. Thus, noting freezes over, but they are worthless third most important figure in the Al that Saddam had continued to pursue without intelligence.” An intelligence Qaeda organization, but although he weapons of mass destruction was not breakthrough in the war on terrorism sang like a canary, he did not lead startling. That he probably was hiding and Al-Qaeda came with the Preda- investigators to the chief. Days later weapons was not new. That he would tor UAV. In 2000, the Predator, an Air Intelligence traced a phone call from seek means to improve his capabili- Force one-thousand pound unmanned Saad bin Laden (son) to a location in ties using alternative-use cover sto- propeller plane, came on line and pro- Baluchistan, a tribal province border- ries would have been expected. That vided an intelligence break-through – ing Afghanistan. An unmanned surveil- we would have alternative views is live video surveillance, day or night, lance plane then spotted a convoy in respected as part of the process. We and through cloud cover. It provided the area moving at night, consisting of stand by the soundness and integrity spectacular surveillance coverage about a hundred people on horseback of our process, and no one outside the and pictures. Live video feeds now and on foot, advancing along an old Intelligence Community told us what captured the daily routines inside smuggler’s route. It was intercepted by to say or not to say in this Estimate. Al-Qaeda training camps and operat- a team of CIA and Delta forces, but no ing areas. It was deployed under CIA luck – the convoy was only a group of As with any other topic addressed auspices. By the spring of 2001 the refugees. In this “war,” innocents are in an NIE, the acquisition of further USAF was planning the further step inevitably killed. evidence may confirm some of our of arming the Predator, allowing the judgments while calling others into Where is Osama? Media reports reaction time from intelligence analy- question. Operation Iraqi Freedom have it that bin Laden is protected by sis to operational strike decision to be obviously has opened a major new tribal leaders in the border area who enormously condensed. USAF was ini- opportunity for learning about the have an arms-length relationship with tially looking at a three-year test plan. WMD activities of Saddam Hussayn’s the Pakistani government. He is sur- It was condensed to three months with regime. We have no doubt, however, rounded by devout followers, in a White House and CIA encouragement, that the NIE was the most reasonable, sea of impoverished, fundamentalist and the armed version of Predator was well-grounded, and objective assess- tribal people. He cannot move except declared operational by the summer of ment of Iraq’s WMD programs that was at night, and cannot communicate 2001. possible at the time it was produced.” by phone, radio or walkie-talkie. He (Jonkers/ text deleted) (DCI George September 11 cleared away reportedly sends hand-written notes Tenet) (www.washingtonpost.com) all bureaucratic cobwebs. President and taped messages transmitted by a (www.cia.gov) (WIN 32-03) Bush reportedly signed a Top Secret human chain. He seems to be nearly Memorandum of Notification calling alone, but keeps in touch with the WHEREFORE ART THOU, for Bin Laden to be either captured or remnants of his inner circle, includ- OSAMA BIN LADEN? – The Al-Qaeda killed on sight on a high priority basis. ing Mullah Mohammed Omar, the leader has been hunted for years. Presi- By November the armed Predator was fugitive leaders of the Taliban. He no dent Clinton in 1998 reportedly signed deployed to help destroy what video longer sends video tapes of himself, a secret Presidential Finding authoriz- surveillance showed to be a high-level possibly due to wounds he is said to ing CIA to capture or kill bin Laden. Al-Qaeda meeting outside Kabul. This have sustained. Soon afterward CIA provided “specific, first strike was a brilliant success, kill- predictive, actionable” intelligence, The role of Pakistani forces is ing Al-Qaeda’s military chief, Moham- and President Clinton authorized a always debated. There is a sense that med Atef, but again, Bin-Laden was lethal attack on al Qaeda training lower-level Pakistani intelligence spared. A week later his voice was camps near Khost, Afghanistan. Bin (ISI) officials remain sympathetic to allegedly intercepted on a satellite Laden escaped, having left one hour the Islamic fundamentalist Taliban phone in the Tora Bora mountain cave before the attack. Was he warned? The (not the same as the Al Qaeda terrorist complex, and the area was pounded President then allegedly signed addi- organization). But according to Cofer by B-52’s. This was the last place Bin tional Presidential Findings, authoriz- Black, famed CIA counter-terrorist Laden was reportedly detected as defi- ing the killing of the top leadership and officer, “The Pakistani government is nitely alive. The best estimate is that he permitting planes carrying them to be a strong and key player in the global either walked, rode a donkey or took shot down. That also was not success- war on terrorism, and their contribution a bus across the border into Pakistan, ful. The Navy reportedly posted two has been second to none.” More than sometime in December 2001. submarines in the Indian Ocean to 25 Pakistani security officials have shoot missiles at bin Laden, but the With continuing hints of his sur- been killed helping the US capture an time lag between sighting and locating vival detected by Intelligence, the estimated 480 Al Qaeda members and the target and the arrival of the missile hunt continued throughout 2002 by sympathizers. (Globally two-thirds of did not lead to success. intense CIA, FBI and Military Spe- the Al Qaeda leadership is thought to cial Forces and other resources. In have been captured or killed.) As General Hugh Shelton, March 2003 there was success in cap-

PAGE 26 • ASSOCIATION OF FORMER INTELLIGENCE OFFICERS PERISCOPE NEWSLETTER • 2003 2003 • ASSOCIATION OF FORMER INTELLIGENCE OFFICERS PERISCOPE NEWSLETTER • PAGE 27 President Musharraf must con- for advanced aircraft and spacecraft. which are copied on 381 CD-ROMs. tend with internal political opposi- Although unclassified, any sale of the Although the files may result in revela- tion, including an increasing hold of technology is strictly controlled and tions that would be of interest to the Islamic fundamentalism on the dem- requires an export license. public and historians, criminal charges ocratic electorate in the North-West are unlikely because of the German 10- Two Chinese students, one of Frontier province. He must deal with year statute of limitations. whom attended Iowa State Univer- the fickleness of American support, and sity where he worked closely with the The documents, created by the accept the weakening of serious Ameri- DOE’s Ames Lab and a second who Stasi during its existence from 1950 can counter-terrorist forces that were studied at Penn State University, were until 1989, were obtained by the CIA diverted to Iraq (e.g. Arabic-speakers, apparently used by China’s Defense in one of the Cold War’s last great intel- collection systems). Finally he must Science and Technology Information ligence coups, allegedly in 1992 from a persuade and obtain American under- Center to acquire the information. One KGB officer in Moscow who had pre- standing that the approach to the tribal of the students has admitted sending viously worked in East Berlin. Ger- area ‘sinkholes’ must be more political Terfenol-D data to the PRC. US offi- many has reportedly been struggling and anthropological rather than primar- cials say “a small percentage” of the unsuccessfully for years to recover the ily military. Kill innocent people, and 50,000 Chinese students in the United files from the CIA. The utility of the you and your clan have enemies for a States are involved in technology-gath- files for CIA operations, which delayed hundred years. ering work for the PRC. the return of the files to Germany, is left Bin Laden still exists. His Al- to the imagination. (Jonkers) (London It is not known whether US coun- Qaeda organization has been dam- Times, 9 July 03) (The Guardian, 8 July ter-intelligence authorities have insti- aged severely, but has somewhat 03 //B. Aris) (Frankfurter Allgemeine tuted a coherent program to ensure that adapted and decentralized. His Zeitung 11 July 2002) (WIN 27-03) US academic institutions engaged in regional support base is also regener- http://www.guardian.co.uk/germany/ advanced technology research, likely ating. There are reports that the Taliban article/0,2763,993697,00.html to be targeted by PRC Intelligence, have regrouped in Afghanistan and in are cautioned about, or discouraged, AIR AND SPACE INTELLI- the tribal areas of Pakistan. Osama or forbidden, to allow Chinese students GENCE PLATFORMS – The struggle remains the ‘spiritual’ leader of the Al close association with sensitive tech- for the proper mix of intelligence sat- Qaeda terrorists. His death would not nological innovations at the institution. ellites and aircraft (now increasingly, stop terrorism, but nevertheless could (Harvey) (Washington Times 5 Aug UAVs as well) has gone on for years. have a profound political effect, either ‘03, pg. 1 //B. Gertz) (WIN 32-03) Satellites can collect where aircraft positive through fear of US power, or cannot go, but airborne systems have negative if he lives on as an inspiring CIA TURNOVER OF STASI greater flexibility and are easier to “martyr.” Perhaps, as one wit put it, he AGENT FILES – Major revelations upgrade. In the recent past, steps have should be left as ‘Osama bin forgotten.’ are not expected from the “Rosenholz“ been taken to integrate signals intelli- (Jonkers) (The New Yorker, 4 August (Rosewood) files on West German resi- gence (SIGINT) airborne and satellite 03, p. 26, //J. Mayer) (WIN 31-03) dents who spied for the former East systems better, e.g., linking systems Germany’s Stasi security agency. Like CHINESE INTELLIGENCE to allow triangulation of emitter posi- the KGB, the Stasi enforced the Com- COLLECTION – Chinese intelli- tions, and using satellite identifications munist Party’s iron grip on society by gence collection in the US contin- to alert airborne collection platforms. persuading or intimidating ordinary ues, as does US intelligence collec- Now a wide-ranging review of intelli- people to spy. More than 2.4 million tion in China, each with their own gence needs, the Transformation Space people were placed under the Stasi’s methodology and requirements. The Air Project (TSAP), is underway to observation during the communist Defense Department’s annual report help determine the optimum balance era. to Congress on Chinese military between intelligence satellites and air- power this year includes a relatively Germany has decoded large num- craft by addressing all aspects of tech- detailed account of one of Beijing’s bers of Stasi files, but most of those nical intelligence collection. most recent acquisitions of American include only the agents’ codenames. At the same time, Defense dis- defense technology. The espionage The Rosenholz files are understood to cussions are on-going about Navy allowed China’s military to develop reveal their true identities. Unnamed joining Army’s next-generation air- a version of the substance known as experts noted that of the 200,000 borne SIGINT program, the Aerial Terfenol-D, created by the Navy at names on the microfilm copies of per- Common Sensor (ACS), which is the cost of millions of research dol- sonal index cards, about 12,000 could slated to replace the Army’s fleet of lars. Terfenol-D is a high-tech mate- be former Stasi spies in West Ger- RC-12 Guardrails and RC-7 Airborne rial that changes shape in response to many and 40,000 were agents who Reconnaissance Lows. Since Army magnetic energy, and can be used in worked within the former East Ger- expects to award a single develop- both sensors and mechanical devices. many. It will take German officials at ment contract for the SIGINT system Used by the Navy in an advanced sonar least six months to organize and begin in early 2004, there will be pressure for system, the material has applications compiling information from the files,

PAGE 28 • ASSOCIATION OF FORMER INTELLIGENCE OFFICERS PERISCOPE NEWSLETTER • 2003 2003 • ASSOCIATION OF FORMER INTELLIGENCE OFFICERS PERISCOPE NEWSLETTER • PAGE 29 Navy decisions in the relatively near of the Pax Americana strategy, super- without detection. Punishment for future. Congress has expressed concern ceding the old Mahan formulation of those who allowed it to happen or about the Navy’s aging EP-3s, urging “Who controls the seas, controls the preventive measures to avoid recur- that their collection requirements be world,” to “Who controls Space, con- rence were not addressed in the news shifted to the RC-135 Rivet Joint trols the world.” (Jonkers) (Defense account. Presumably CI authorities fleet. The Navy had planned for its EP- News 21 July03, p./ 38 //J. Singer) were aware of the spy’s activities 3 collection platforms to be replaced before his arrest, but it would appear by the Multimission Maritime Aircraft THE BADGER SPY – Brian likely the bulk of his stealing and bur- (MMA), but has dropped that plan. P. Regan, a former Air Force intel- rowing occurred prior to his detection. ligence analyst and father of four (Harvey) (WashPost 31 Jul 03, page B1 The new Under Secretary of from Bowie, MD, was convicted of //J. Markon) (WIN 32-03) Defense for Intelligence, Stephen attempted espionage and sentenced Cambone, has encouraged the services to life imprisonment last February. He to pursue common mission equipment. had been arrested in 2001 at Dulles Air- SECTION III The advent of an intelligence ‘czar’ in port on his way to Switzerland with the CYBER INTELLIGENCE Defense with real power, coupled with addresses of European embassies for the growing awareness of the impor- Iraq, Libya and other nations. He had tance of intelligence in modern war- earlier written to Hussein and Gaddafi DEFENSE DEPARTMENT fare, could actually redress the cus- offering to sell top-secret documents COMMON ACCESS CARDS – A Cal- tomary tendency in the military of for $13 million in Swiss francs. Writ- ifornia company has been hired to pro- favoring paying for ‘things that go ing of his job at the NRO where he vide software so the Defense Financ- bang’ versus ‘paying for things that administered the Intelink Web site, he ing and Accounting Service can use the make smart bangs possible.’ (Harvey) said, “I feel I deserve more than the high-tech features of its identification (Aviation Week and Space Technology pension I will receive for all the years cards. SSP-Litronic of Irvine, Calif., 14 July ‘03, pg. 26,/// R. Wall) of service.” will provide the organization with 23,000 software licenses for so-called US SPACE CONTROL WAR- The remarkable aspect of ‘Common Access Cards’ (CAC), the FARE PLANS –The US Air force plans attempted treason was the dedicated Defense Department’s new ID cards to field ground-based systems to neu- manner during 1997 to 2000 in which with smart card technology and bio- tralize the reconnaissance (and com- Regan went about procuring and hiding metric security. When DOD deploys munications) satellites of unfriendly the documents, compartmented as well the necessary software, the cards will powers, when necessary. The USAF as top secret, in preparation for their not only provide access to installations, ‘Counter-Surveillance Reconnais- sale. A lengthy program with the but to workstations and networks as sance System’ is slated for deploy- spy’s post-conviction cooperation to well. (Levine 6 August 03) ment in 2005 to 2008. It is a part of the recover the secreted papers appears emerging Defense effort for space con- to have taken months to unearth the NATIONAL INFORMATION trol, which is defined as ‘guaranteed more than 20,000 pages buried in 19 ASSURANCE CERTIFICATION US access to our satellite capabilities, separate locations. Twelve locations – The government’s plan to pressure coupled with the ability to counter the were found in Pocahontas State Park software vendors to build more secure space assets used by adversaries. in central Virginia with seven more dug products seems to be gathering a bit up in Patapsco Valley State Park near of momentum. A major part of the In terms of offensive space con- National Strategy to Secure Cyber- trol capabilities, the Pentagon in 1997 Baltimore. The FBI dig was delayed at times because Regan forgot the space, the idea involves using market conducted a space control demonstra- pressures and the government’s pur- tion in which a ground-based laser complex codes he used to record the locations of the buried packages; the chasing power to influence vendors’ was fired at one of our own satellites. development practices. An important Presumably such a laser might dazzle FBI took about a month with Regan’s help to break the codes, some of component of this plan is the National and blind an imaging satellite’s sensi- Information Assurance Partnership’s tive optics. The counter-surveillance which had been buried in a toothbrush holder along Interstate 95 near Fred- (NIAP) Common Criteria testing pro- program is budgeted at $66 million gram, which validates the security in 2004. As for our own satellite’s ericksburg. Wrapped in garbage bags, lightweight plastic or Tupperware, the and reliability of a given product. The defenses, the first task is to provide a program is a partnership between the warning system to detect and identify caches of documents were buried 18 inches deep. National Security Agency (NSA) and potential threats to them, involving the National Institute of Standards both ground and space-based sensors. The amazing volume of 20,000 and Technology (NIST). (Levine 6 This effort is budgeted at $6.6 million pages of detailed information about US Aug 03) http://www.eweek.com/article2/ for 2004. The two space control pro- satellites, early warning systems and 0,3959,1211299,00.asp grams together are budgeted at $250 weapons of mass destruction raises the million over the next five years. The question of how they could be removed POLICE MATRIX DATABASE control of space is a fundamental part from a classified, secure installation – ‘Matrix’ Offers Law Agencies

PAGE 28 • ASSOCIATION OF FORMER INTELLIGENCE OFFICERS PERISCOPE NEWSLETTER • 2003 2003 • ASSOCIATION OF FORMER INTELLIGENCE OFFICERS PERISCOPE NEWSLETTER • PAGE 29 Faster Access to Americans’ Personal local police officers better understand agencies, a renewed recommendation Records. Police in Florida are creating and investigate these crimes, the Secret to establish a cabinet-level Secretary/ a counter-terrorism database designed Service will mail our an electronic Director for Intelligence, and some to be model to give law enforcement package to more than 40,000 police controversy about pages relating to agencies around the country a powerful departments and other law enforce- Saudi Arabia that remain classified. new tool to analyze billions of records ment authorities. (Levine o7/29) http: The report states that the F.B.I., about both criminals and ordinary //www.cnn.com/2003/TECH/internet/07/ C.I.A. and other agencies had amassed Americans.(Levine 6 Aug 03) (http: 29/identity.crime.ap/index.html a huge amount of information about al //www.washingtonpost.com/wp-dyn/ INFORMATION TECHNOLOGY Qaeda before the attacks, but that none articles/A21872-2003Aug5.html) SECURITY STANDARDS – Calling of the intelligence offered a “smoking COMPUTERIZED VOTING the Homeland Security Department gun” that indicated exactly how, when VULNERABLE TO FRAUD – An “incapable of doing anything to save or where the attacks would take place. electronic voting system used in the civilian IT infrastructure,” former It provides new insights into the hijack- some states as an alternative to the White House cyber-security ‘czar’ ings and details about the activities of troublesome punch-card ballots is Richard Clarke called on software the F.B.I. and C.I.A., but leaves unan- highly vulnerable to fraud, com- users and buyers to set security stan- swered questions about precisely how puter security experts warned in a dards themselves. “You can’t count the plot for 9/11 was hatched. There study released Thursday. (Levine 07/ on the government to defend critical are plenty of blanks still left to be filled 24) http://www.siliconvalley.com/mld/ networks,” Clarke said at the National in. As expected, a further, more broad- siliconvalley/news/editorial/6376399.htm Information Assurance Leadership range study is underway. http://news.com.com/2100- Conference. (Levine 22 July 03) http: The Administration has shown 1009_3-5054088.html //www.gcn.com/vol1_no1/daily-updates/ little interest in the panel’s proposal http://www.msnbc.com/news/943558.asp 22845-1.html to create a single cabinet-level intel- FBI WANTS TO TAP INTERNET PUBLIC INTERNET TERMI- ligence chief. One doubts that such an PHONES – Internet telephone calls NALS EXPLOITED – For more than a official would have made one iota of are fast becoming a national security year, unbeknownst to people who used difference in preventing 9/11 threat that must be countered with Internet terminals at Kinko’s stores in Representatives of the country’s new police wiretap rules, according New York, Juju Jiang was recording intelligence agencies noted that the to an FBI proposal presented quietly what they typed, paying particular report offers little new information, and to regulators this month. Representa- attention to their passwords. Jiang is seen by some as an ‘advocacy’ docu- tives of the FBI’s Electronic Surveil- had secretly installed, in at least 14 ment. Since the 9/11 attack all agen- lance Technology Section in Chantilly, Kinko’s stores, software that logs indi- cies have taken further steps to expand Va., have met at least twice in the past vidual keystrokes. He captured more and improve counter-terrorism efforts three weeks with senior officials of the than 450 user names and passwords, – including the sharing of informa- Federal Communications Commission using them to access and even open tion. The FBI has completely re-made to lobby for proposed new Internet bank accounts online. (Levine 22 July itself, so that intelligence analysis is eavesdropping rules. The FBI-drafted 03) (http://www.siliconvalley.com/mld/ now a desirable career field within the plan seeks to force broadband provid- siliconvalley/news/editorial/6359407.htm) Bureau, a remarkable achievement. ers to provide more efficient, stan- (http://www.usatoday.com/tech/news/ More importantly, the externals have dardized surveillance facilities and techpolicy/2003-07-22-terminal-fear_ changed – the former legal restrictions could substantially change the way x.htm) on intelligence and law-enforcement that cable modem and DSL (digital guarding our constitutional civil liber- subscriber line) companies operate. S E C T I O N I V ties have been relaxed or changed (e.g. (Levine 07/29) (http://zdnet.com.com/ BOOKS AND SOURCES the “PATRIOT” act) under the impetus 2100-1105_2-5056424.html) (http: //news.zdnet.co.uk/internet/security/ of the “war” on terrorism, the Execu- 0,39020375,39115339,00.htm) tive and Congressional political will is CONGRESSIONAL 9/11 REPORT now mobilized and focused behind this (http://news.com.com/2100-1028_3- RELEASED – The joint panel of the 5056424.htmln) (http://www.msnbc.com/ “war,” and significant new financial House and Senate intelligence com- news/945608.asp) resources have been made available to mittees released its 900 page report the intelligence agencies. The environ- FEDS HELP LOCAL POLICE IN on the failure of the intelligence and ment in which intelligence operates has IDENTITY THEFT FRAUD – Stolen law enforcement agencies to prevent therefore fundamentally changed from credit card and Social Security num- the terrorist plot from succeeding. It what it was before 9/11, and throwing bers. Check fraud. Drained bank is entitled “Joint Inquiry into Intelli- stones at former shortcomings without accounts. Ruined credit. Nightmares gence Community Activities before and considering the contextual fabric is less for victims, identity crimes also can after the Terrorist Attacks of September and less relevant. be vexing to local police departments 11, 2001.” As expected there are many trying to unravel the crimes. To help pages of criticism of the intelligence Finally, there is a classified por-

PAGE 30 • ASSOCIATION OF FORMER INTELLIGENCE OFFICERS PERISCOPE NEWSLETTER • 2003 2003 • ASSOCIATION OF FORMER INTELLIGENCE OFFICERS PERISCOPE NEWSLETTER • PAGE 31 tion of the report dealing with Saudi introduction to various thorny legal in reverse in Vietnam. Our office, the Arabia that has not been released. issues is provided in “Assassination Office of Public Safety (OPS), worked Most of the 9/11 terrorists were Saudi Ban and E.O. 12333: A Brief Sum- in tandem with other US assistance nationals, part of Osama bin Laden’s mary” by Elizabeth B. Bazan, Con- officials to prepare trained indigenous al-Qaeda movement, whose primary gressional Research Service, January police forces to operate in a post con- objective is to overthrow the Saudi 4, 2002. With all the talk about killing flict environment. The police were government, which it views as cor- this and that leader, the intellectually being prepared to provide a secure rupt. The US is an al Qaeda target only curious may find this issue interest- internal environment after the war in by extension, because of its support of ing. See also http://www.fas.org/irp/crs/ order that the economic, social and the House of Saud and tangentially for RS21037.pdf, (Secrecy News 08/06/03) political development of South Viet- what has been happening in Palestine. (RJ) nam could flourish. But our lawmakers The Saudi government, which remains and the administration, through their in power through a network of finan- inability or even intentional refusal to S E C T I O N V cial support distributions, whatever win the war, never provided us with one may think of it, is therefore on the N O T E S A N D a post-conflict environment in which same side as the US Government, a ANNOUNCEMENTS to operate. target for the al-Qaeda terrorists. This In Iraq we seem to have forgot- is a complex issue, and a political hot AFIO SURVEY – A number of ten the lesson of Japan and reenact- potato for Congressional posturing you were asked to fill in some blanks ing a version of the situation in Viet- because of the various domestic polit- on your background in our person- nam. We seem to be fumbling about ical constituencies involved. (Jonkers) nel system – your responses showed instead of rapidly developing and (New York Times 25 July 03, p.1 //D. again what a tremendously rich asso- training an indigenous internal secu- Johnston) (http://www.gpoaccess.gov/ ciation this is, in terms of its members rity force (using available cadres of serialset/creports/911.html) and their accomplishments across all civil police) to achieve the environ- UK vs US DOMESTIC INTEL- phases and aspects of the national intel- ment for post-conflict Iraqi social, LIGENCE APPROACH – Should the ligence endeavor. Thank you! (RJ) economic and political development. United States establish a new domes- We need a “safe-streets” strategy for tic intelligence agency along the lines Iraq. (WW) S E C T I O N V I of Britain’s Security Service (MI5) to Gus W. wrote in response to take over the intelligence duties cur- LETTERS the NIGER article in WIN 29: “500 rently assigned to the Federal Bureau tons of uranium” really means uranium of Investigation? Such a proposal has William W. writes on Policing oxide, U3O8, or yellow cake. Yellow been advanced by Sen. John Edwards Iraq – The Wall Street Journal printed cake has two meanings, unpurified or (D-NC), among others, who have a number of articles concerning the purified. U3O8 has to be converted argued that “the law enforcement need for effective US assistance to into UF6 before it can be distilled into responsibilities of the Bureau are Iraqi police. (see June 18 editorial page weapons grade U235 by centrifuge or inconsistent with, and will continue to and page A3 for June 20). We should gaseous diffusion. undermine, its ability to be an effective pay attention to lessons learned. intelligence agency.” One tends to be REF: CELL PHONES AND skeptical, but the issue is ‘out there.’ In occupied Japan after WWII GAS PUMP FIRES – A number of The proposal was critically examined Gen. McArthur’s intent was to install members sent emails stating that the in a Congressional Research Service a Japanese-run government as soon as information in last week’s WIN 28-03 report entitled “Domestic Intelligence possible. MacArthur wisely foresaw (Larry S. writes etc) was a hoax. (See in the United Kingdom: Applicabil- that an indigenous internal security - www.snopes.com) element was fundamental to economic, ity of the MI-5 Model to the United PERHAPS. It appears that the States” by Todd Masse, May 19, social and political development within defeated Japan. The rapidly re-trained three specific cell phone fire incidents 2003. REf. http://www.fas.org/irp/crs/ mentioned have not been confirmed RL31920.pdf. See also: “Intelligence Japanese police quickly and effectively put down insurgent efforts as well as and may well be phony, an attention- Critics Urge U.S. to Look to Brit- getter. But at the local Shell station in ish Spy Agency” by Don Van Natta, efforts to disrupt public facilities and the incumbent Japanese government. McLean where I fill up the warning Jr., New York Times, July 26, 2003. against using cell phones while pump- (Secrecy News 08/06/03)(RJ) The new Japanese police were instilled with the idea that they would be respon- ing gas is listed just below the line REVISITING THE ASSASSINA- sible for providing a safe environment about not smoking. It says “Turn Off TION BAN – U.S. policy as set forth so that the Japanese could recover and Your Cell phone and do not use them in President Reagan’s 1982 Executive lead their own destiny without having around the pumps.” I believe the under- Order 12333 formally prohibits assas- an occupation force dictate their fate. lying warning was and is valid. You sination. But exactly what does that draw your own conclusion! (RJ)  mean? The term is not defined. An We learned those same lessons

PAGE 30 • ASSOCIATION OF FORMER INTELLIGENCE OFFICERS PERISCOPE NEWSLETTER • 2003 2003 • ASSOCIATION OF FORMER INTELLIGENCE OFFICERS PERISCOPE NEWSLETTER • PAGE 31 is still being served up hot on today’s tor personnel augmented American international menus. combat forces. It goes without saying that all of this impacts on the Intelli- BOOK REVIEWS AFIO members will want to add gence Community and its operations. this one to their shelves. (Jonkers) (unread, based on Defense W. Adam Mandelbaum, Esq., News, 21 July 03, p. 64 //G. Ratnam) Attorney at Law, is author of The Psychic Battlefi eld – A History of TRUST NO ONE—THE SECRET the Military Occult Complex previ- ously reviewed in AFIO journals. WORLD OF SIDNEY REILLY CHARLIE WILSON’S WAR by Richard B. Spence The Extraordinary Story of the Largest Covert W. Adam Mandelbaum, Esq. CORPORATE WARRIORS [email protected] Operation in History Reviewer The Rise of the Privatized

The serious student of intel- Military Industry by George Crile ligence history will appreciate the Atlantic Monthly Press exhaustive research that author Spence by P.W. Singer April 2003, ISBN 0871138549 put in to his revealing story of “The Cornell University Press Ace of Spies,” Sidney Reilly, (Born August 2003, ISBN 0801441145 Representative Charlie Wilson, Salomon Rosenblum, Poland). who is quoted to the effect that his power in the A Professor of History at the Uni- M a j o r House of Rep- versity of Idaho, Spence has provided Western gov- resentatives had a density of detail that one seldom ernments have come primarily “as encounters in an been privatiz- a result of his work espionage biogra- ing services with the Israeli phy. But, that den- once performed lobby,” apparently sity is a two edged by their uni- played a key role sword. On the one formed services, in supporting anti- hand, the academi- as described in Soviet guerillas in cally oriented will P.W. Singer’s Afghanistan by fostering ties between relish the micro- book. Singer Israel and Pakistan. Journalist Crile scopic facts from divides corpo- tells the story as a rollicking tale fantasy discussion rate participants in three categories, involving beautiful women (including of Reilly’s life and (1) Firms that provide combat-train- those escorted by Wilson to and from world. On the other hand, those seek- ing and consulting, including participa- Israel), clandestine arms deals involv- ing more drama and less detail may tion in armed confl ict, (2) Consultants ing unlikely partners, and involvement fi nd Trust No One, a rather slow going who offer advice, but do not engage by the Congressman with CIA opera- read. in combat, and (3) Support fi rms that tive Gust Avrokotos operating in utter Spence often conjectures where offer non-lethal aid, such as mine- disregard for the rules. facts are absent, but his “maybe” and sweeping, maintenance, software, Charlie Wilson himself ended “perhaps” offerings add to the mystery logistics and supply. The Defense up overseeing much of this eccentric that was Sidney Reilly, without sub- Department understands how much weapons program for Pakistan out of tracting from the author’s monumental faster and cheaper things can be done if his own congressional offi ce, and it efforts at ferreting out the truth of the they are contracted turned out to be a wild and remark- man who trusted no one. out. Private con- tractors are used in able success story. The Spanish mortar, In reading this new biography anti-drug operations for example, was designed to make it of an old spy, we see the world of in Colombia. Many possible for the mujahideen to com- fi nance, oil, espionage and war is not security tasks in municate directly with American nav- very different today than it was in the Iraq are already igation satellites to deliver repeated early years of the last century–only the being done by pri- rounds within inches of their desig- technology has improved. The interna- vate companies. US Peter W. Singer nated targets. The weapon’s name tional stew of greed, double dealing intervention in Liberia could be accom- was purposefully misleading, chosen and confl icts of interest which made up plished more easily if private contrac- to conceal the fact that major portions the main course of Sidney Reilly’s diet, of this “Spanish mortar” were being

PAGE 32 • ASSOCIATION OF FORMER INTELLIGENCE OFFICERS PERISCOPE NEWSLETTER • 2003 2003 • ASSOCIATION OF FORMER INTELLIGENCE OFFICERS PERISCOPE NEWSLETTER • PAGE 33 built by the Israelis. Milt Bearden, TERRORISM, AFGHANISTAN, poppy cultivation; today, poppy’s the station chief who would dominate have regained their importance and the war’s later years, actually came AND AMERICA’S exports are in full swing). Aside from to rely on the steady stream of crazy military support, bin Laden provided new weapons that kept coming on-line NEW WAY OF WAR the Taliban with much of the cash it from this offbeat program. His strategy needed, and thus Afghanistan became called for introducing a new weapon by Norman Friedman the center of bin-Laden’s pan-Islamic into the battle every three months or Naval Institute Press movement. so, in order to bluff the Red Army into Annapolis, Md. Dr Friedman’s book is a rich thinking their enemy was better armed July 2003, ISBN 1-59114-290-3 source on the complex interplay of his- and supported than it was. with Notes, Bibliography, Index. tory, policy and technology. While bin “When the weapon was fi rst used Laden was forming his terror interna- it wiped out an entire Spetsnaz outpost After set- tional, the US military was engaged in with a volley of ting the stage, Dr. developing a new kind of war fi ghting, perfect strikes. Friedman, a noted described as the “Revolution in Mili- And as soon as naval strategist tary Affairs” or ‘Network-Centric War- Bearden learned and author, takes fare’. Friedman examines its impact from the CIA’s a chapter to sketch in Afghanistan to destroy the terror- intercepts that the beginning - ist home base. He posits that the 9/11 the commander - the Russian war attacks were intended to inspire a wider of the 40th Army in Afghanistan. It movement in the Muslim world that had helicoptered tore up the coun- would lead to a pan-Muslim empire, to the scene, he try’s political system, in which tribal and argues that it failed because of George Crile knew that from chiefs and religious men ruled, and determined US action. This is a wide- that day on, the Soviets would have to social cohesion was ensured by pre- ranging, broadly argued, informative factor in the possibility that the muja- cedence. The chiefs met in the loya book -- with the only regret that it was hideen had acquired some deadly tar- dirga to determine national policy. In completed before the recent US inva- geting capability. For that reason alone, wartime, however, leadership devolved sion of Iraq in 2003. It would have the weapon was a success even if never on capability in battle, which fed tribal made a good fi t. (Jonkers) ambitions and made it diffi cult to agree on a national government. Moreover, the Soviets discovered that many of the Afghan leaders could be rented, though not bought (as both the Taliban and the FOREIGN INTELLIGENCE US did later). PUBLICATIONS: The Taliban were seen in the US at the time as conservative but honest. (1) CHINA - The Canadian Secu- Americans might not fi nd their social rity Intelligence Service published an customs appealing, but they were seen article on “Weapons Proliferation and as adapted to a conservative Muslim the Military-Industrial Complex of the Charlie Wilson [in front] country. The Taliban badly needed reli- People’s Republic of China” in the able troops. Al Qaeda offered a solu- fi red again. Bearden became so intoxi- latest issue of its publication, ‘Com- tion. Osama’s Arabs could be counted cated with this kind of psychological mentary.’ Check http://www.fas.org/ on to fi ght, not only the Russians, but warfare that he later developed plans nuke/guide/china/com84.html to have a group of mujahideen shoot Ahmed Shah Mahsood. They formed dead Russian soldiers with crossbows. the 055 brigade, which became the only (2) NETHERLANDS - The To him, the vision of men who might effective force in the Taliban army, and Defense Intelligence and Security kill you with a bow and arrow one day the only one capable of night fi ghting. Service (MIVD) of the Netherlands or with a satellite-guided mortar the In the end, with all neighboring coun- has recently published an English edi- next would be unnerving to any army.” tries and others (US, Saudi Arabia tion of its 2002 Annual Report. The (P-393).This is a best-seller. (Jonkers/ etc.) intruding on the war, the Soviets report offers a Dutch perspective on unread, based on reviews by Jeffrey lost, but Afghanistan’s infrastructure terrorism, confl ict in the Middle East, Howard and by Shaheen Sehbai, // http: was destroyed. Grazing country was and other topics of international inter- //www.satribune.com/archives/jul20_26_ ruined by landmines. Only the poppy est. See (in MS Word format): http: 03/P1_charlie.htm) remained as a cash crop, and the coun- //www.fas.org/irp/world/netherlands/ try became a major source of heroin mivd2002.doc (Secrecy News 9/5/ for Europe (Later the Taliban received 03)  a large subsidy from the US to block PAGE 32 • ASSOCIATION OF FORMER INTELLIGENCE OFFICERS PERISCOPE NEWSLETTER • 2003 2003 • ASSOCIATION OF FORMER INTELLIGENCE OFFICERS PERISCOPE NEWSLETTER • PAGE 33 AFIO ORGANIZATION AND POSITIONS 2003 AFIO MEMBERS

I – A F I O B OARD OF D IRECTORS I I I – A F I O E XECUTIVE In furtherance of our edu- O RGANIZATION O RGANIZATION cational mission, AFIO has recently developed a special Chairman - Lincoln D. Faurer (LTG USAF, President - S. Eugene Poteat (SIS CIA, ret), relationship with the National ret) AFIO CEO Defense Industrial Association Vice Chairman - Peter Earnest (SIS, CIA ret) Senior Vice President - Edward J. Heinz (LTG USAF, ret) (NDIA), which also is a non- Finance Committee - James A. Williams (LTG profit ecucational association. USA, ret), Chairman, Executive Vice President - Roy K. Jonkers (COL, USAF, ret) One of the benefits to you is Policy & Strategy Committee - William Kvet- that NDIA is offering interested kas (SES NSA, ret), Chairman, Vice Presidents - • National Chapter Programs – C. Rules Committee - Julie Wetzel (SES NSA, AFIO members a free member- Emerson Cooper (AT&T ret) ret), Chairman ship in NDIA for six months, • Corporate Development Program including their award-winning Nominations Committee - Charles A. Briggs – Robert E. Redding, Esq. magazine ‘National defense’ (SIS CIA, ret), Chairman, • Law Enforcement Outreach Program - Thomas Carr (Maryland State Police and reduced rates for attending ret) NDIA meetings. • National Education Program – Robert Heibel, FBI (Ret) I I – A F I O H EADQUARTERS Chairman, Endowment Funds and Fund-Rais- S TAFF O FFICERS ing - Albano F. Ponte (Corp. Exec) Executive Director - Roy K. Jonkers AFIO Chairman, Capitol Area Conference Pro- COO and Editor, WINs, Intelligencer & gram - Don McDowell (RADM ret) Periscope • Vice Chairman - Carol Lane (MAJ /Res) Asst Executive Director - Elizabeth Bancroft, Chairman, Media Awards Program - Don Lar- Information Systems. Editor & Production rabee (Pres/Natl Press Club ret) of Intelligencer & Periscope. Chairman, Academic Outreach Program - C. Secretary & Treasurer of the Association - Norman Wood, [Lt. Gen. USAF(Ret)] Mary McCausland - Financial Control & Chairman, Publicity & Marketing Committee Management. - Andrea Shirland Executive Assistant – P. Stephen Minor Legal Counsel - William B. Bailey, Esq. – Legislative Affairs, Production of WINs and EBBNs. Financial Counsel - John Balch, CPA Membership & Administration – Carol Lee and Check the NDIA Website Mary Lynne McElroy www.ndia.org for more infor- mation about NDIA. There is a membership application on the Website. You must add: “I am STUDY STATECRAFT AND an AFIO member and wish to Master’s Degrees receive a free six-month mem- NATIONAL SECURITY AFFAIRS • Statecraft & World Politics bership in NDIA.” Our Mission: • Statecraft & National Security Affairs To develop leaders with a sound understanding of international realities and the prudent conduct of statecraft -- the use of the Graduate Certificates various instruments of power in service of national interests. Intelligence Our Faculty of scholar-practitioners includes: International Politics Our Faculty of scholar-practitioners includes: Democracy Building David Burgess - former State Department official American Foreign Policy AFIO MEMBERS Kenneth deGraffenreid - Deputy Under Secretary of Defense National Security Affairs Sven Kraemer - NSC official under four presidents Comparative Political Culture Your Mission Thomas Melady - Senior Diplomat in Residence in 2004 J. Michael Waller - Annenberg Professor Evening courses that are actually useful for foreign — affairs professionals Sponsor THE INSTITUTE OF New Members 202-462-2101 ORLD OLITICS W P 1-888-KNOW-IWP A Graduate School of Statecraft and National Security Affairs www.iwp.edu Washington, D.C.

PAGE 34 • ASSOCIATION OF FORMER INTELLIGENCE OFFICERS PERISCOPE NEWSLETTER • 2003 2003 • ASSOCIATION OF FORMER INTELLIGENCE OFFICERS PERISCOPE NEWSLETTER • PAGE 35 any clear or absolute answer. of any great value to the Chinese in Did General MacArthur make the essentially tactical situation (during maximum use of the intelli- those months) on the Korean Penin- gence available to him? sula. I wonder if Chinese Sigint was not QUIZ far more useful to them in this conflict, Answer: Army historian Drea, if particularly since US forces have long by Dwayne S. Anderson my memory serves, said MacArthur [email protected] had a reputation for poor communica- used it well on occasion and ignored it tions security. when it didn’t suit his plans. The “good use” led to significant successes in his 5. Here’s one I don’t think New Guinea Campaign, but ignoring even our sagacious Hawaiian solid information on enemy forces and correspondent will get. What intentions in later campaigns led to a did the codeword Cloche refer couple near disasters and to greater to? than necessary casualties. Drea struck I barely remember it myself and, me as a very competent student of these to ensure that it wasn’t well known, operations, and I completely buy his checked in my 1990 copy of Leo Carl’s assessment of MacArthur’s use of intelligence dictionary and it wasn’t ANSWERS TO THE LAST QUIZ intelligence (which I suspect would there. Should I give a hint? Naw! Since get a grade around C-). some of my readers tell me my ques- 1. What was the Central 4. This question also tions are too easy, I won’t go soft. Bureau? involves MacArthur and the Answer: I’m relying solely on a Answer: This was the SIGINT notoriously successful spy, sometimes faulty memory here. I recall unit that supported General MacAr- Kim Philby. Cloche from field reporting from the thur’s campaigns in the South Pacific. According to the article in the Mil- Far East on or about 1957. I believe it It was a joint operation with Austra- itary History, June 2001 issue, “Kim was from an US Army office in Hong lian, British, and US air and person- Philby had a remarkably long career Kong. The reports were an eclectic nel looking at Japanese air and ground with British Intelligence–spying for mixture of economic, political, social, communications. The organization was the other side” by Richard K. Munro, and occasionally military items, gener- initially unsuccessful at breaking into Philby played an important, and for ally of little value, from local sources. Japanese Army ciphers. But after find- the US and its allies, very nasty role. The material was little seen and little ing some buried Japanese code books Munro notes that MacArthur wrote used and was sometimes thought to and reconstructing others from par- that his strategic movements were have originated in a “Paper Mill.” tially burned material, the Bureau was being leaked to the enemy and that able to read Japanese, high level, Army General James M. Gavin said, “I have communications, though not always NEW QUESTIONS no doubt that the Chinese were well lower level commo between Japanese informed by the British foreign office.” field units. Who was Wellington’s Munro then states, “One can only guess Q1 head of intelligence 2. What was LCDR Charles how many American, South Korean, during the Waterloo campaign? S. Root role in intelligence? and United Nations units were cut to pieces by the wily and well informed When was the world’s Answer: LCDR Root was a one (through Philby’s and cohorts spying) first combat reconnais- man intelligence office of the US Coast Q2 Peng Dehuai between November 1950 sance flight (with heavier than air air- Guard prior to passage of the Prohibi- and January 1951.” craft)? tion Bill. He was soon overwhelmed by the new flood of data and responsi- My question to our read- Some time back, I bilities that came with Prohibition and ers is: Were MacArthur and Q3 posed the question: asked for and got help–-initially four Gavin right? Did we take con- “What was the spy capital of the world more bodies, including the famous siderable losses because of in WW-II?” There were several candi- cryptanalyst, Elizebeth Friedman. The Philby and his cohorts? dates but most readers agreed with me office continued its expansion through- that it probably was Lisbon. Today’s Answer: I am not aware of any out Prohibition with extensive field question is “What was the spy capital definitive study on this, but person- activities consolidated under LCDR of the Far East during WW-II?” ally, I am inclined to believe that any (later CDR and finally CAPT) Root’s information on MacArthur’s strategic What does the term direction. He died on active duty before military plans that filtered through to Q4 “trolling” refer to–in it reached its peak. the British Foreign office were prob- intelligence that is, not fishing or look- 3. Here’s an “opinion” ably so general, as well as somewhat ing for dates in singles bars?  question without, perhaps, delayed, that they would not have been

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