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Table of Contents Universidade de Aveiro Departamento de Línguas e Culturas 2007 DORA ISABEL FAIRY TALES, OR UNFAIR TALES?!... Breaking the TOSCANO FERREIRA Glass Slipper, and the Need for Modern Retellings SALGADO Contos De Encantar, Ou De Desencantar?!...A Quebra Com o Passado e a Necessidade de Novas Versões Universidade de Aveiro Departamento de Línguas e Culturas 2007 DORA ISABEL FAIRY TALES, OR UNFAIR TALES?!... Breaking the TOSCANO FERREIRA Glass Slipper and the Need for Modern Retellings SALGADO Contos De Encantar ou de Desencantar?!...A Quebra Com o Passado e a Necessidade de Novas Versões Dissertação apresentada à Universidade de Aveiro para cumprimento dos requisitos necessários à obtenção do grau de Mestre em Estudos Ingleses, realizada sob a orientação científica da Dra. Maria Aline Salgueiro Seabra Ferreira, Professora do Departamento de Línguas e Culturas da Universidade de Aveiro. Dedico este trabalho a todos aqueles que estiveram directamente integrados na realização deste projecto, ou que indirectamente proporcionaram a necessidade de que o mesmo fosse imprescindível. o júri Presidente Doutor Kenneth David Callahan, Professor Associado da Universidade de Aveiro Vogais Doutora Maria Aline Salgueiro Seabra Ferreira, Professora Associada da Universidade de Aveiro (Orientadora) Doutora Graça Maria Constantino de Oliveira Capinha, Professora Auxiliar da Faculdade de Letras da Universidade de Coimbra agradecimentos Gostaria de agradecer em primeiro lugar, aos meus pais por terem sido os primeiros a encantarem-me com o universo maravilhoso dos contos de fadas e por terem sempre estado presentes durante a realização deste projecto; À minha orientadora Dra. Maria Aline Salgueiro Seabra Ferreira, pela sua preciosa orientação, apoio e conselhos pertinentes que levaram à finalização deste trabalho; À Dr.ª Liliana Julião, Directora Pedagógica do Centro de Florinhas do Vouga, e a todas as colaboradoras desta instituição pela sua ajuda e disponibilidade fundamentais para a realização da parte prática desta tese; À Dr.ª Assunção Marcelino, do Centro Infantil de Aveiro e à Dr.ª Sofia Salgado e Dr.ª Madalena Maurício do Centro Social e Comunitário da Varziela, por terem permitido a minha presença no âmbito da sala de aula e por me terem integrado nas suas actividades. Gostaria de dedicar um agradecimento especial a todas as crianças envolvidas neste projecto cujas reacções e participação representaram um papel fulcral para o meu trabalho e por último aos meus amigos e colegas de trabalho pela paciência e apoio em todos os momentos. Thanks for making this story real!! palavras-chave Contos de Fadas, Literatura Infantil, Crianças, Adultos, Professores, Irmãos Grimm, Mother Goose, Estéreotipos, Realidade, Mitos, Imaginação, Socialização, Violência, Cultura, Cinderella, Escola, O Género, Ética resumo Cinderella was told a whole pea pot full of lies in those days… about Prince Charming and living happily ever after. ~ Thelly Reahm Cinderella é um dos contos de fadas mais célebres de todos os tempos. Mas, até que ponto é que esta personagem é tratada com justiça na terra do muito muito longe?... E quão longe da verdade estão os valores exercidos por estes habitantes sonhadores? O objectivo deste estudo é examinar os retratos injustos realçados no reino do mundo encantado, nomeadamente no tão conhecido conto do sapato perdido – Cinderella. Ao incorporar componentes literárias e práticas, este estudo não só alerta pais e educadores para mensagens prejudiciais presentes neste tipo de contos, como também reforça a necessidade de existência de versões contemporâneas que permitam que esta forma de arte popular permaneça e continue a encantar as crianças, eliminando, ao mesmo tempo, as mensagens injustas que no fundo propaga. keywords Fairy Tales, Children’s Literature, Children, Adults, Teachers, Grimm Brothers, Mother Goose, Stereotypes, Gender Roles, Reality, Myths, Imagination, Socialization, Violence, Culture, Cinderella, School, Morals abstract Cinderella was told a whole pea pot full of lies in those days… about Prince Charming and living happily ever after. ~ Thelly Reahm Cinderella is one of the most renowned fairy tales of all time, but exactly how fair is this maiden portrayed in the land of far away?!…and how far away from the truth are the morals really conveyed by these dreamlike inhabitants? The purpose of this study is to examine the unfair portrayals depicted in the fairy tale realm, especially in the tale of the glass slipper. By incorporating literary and practical components not only does it forewarn parents and educators of the harmful messages it delivers to children, but also highlights the need for contemporary rewritings that allow for this popular art form to thrive and enchant children, while eliminating the unfair messages it ultimately propagates. Table of Contents I. Chapter 1: Introduction................................................................................. 3 II. Chapter 2: Cinderella Once Upon a Time Origins Of The Fairy Tale........................................................................ 13 Fantasy Lands.........................................................................................20 Cinderella Stories.....................................................................................23 Sex Role Stereotyping..............................................................................47 Hollywood Cinderellas..............................................................................58 Walt Disney’s Cinderella...........................................................................63 III. Chapter 3: New Cinderellas Contemporary Re-tellings.........................................................................75 The Paper Bag Princess............................................................................81 Anne Sexton’s Cinderella..........................................................................84 Angela Carter’s Ashputtle or The Mother’s Ghost........................................91 Practical Study.........................................................................................95 Floribella................................................................................................109 IV. Chapter 4: Conclusion................................................................................115 V. Bibliography..............................................................................................125 VI. Annexes...................................................................................................137 Fairy Tales or Unfair Tales?!... I. INTRODUCTION 1 Fairy Tales or Unfair Tales?!... Introduction There is no happily ever after… no Prince charming… no glass slippers… no talking animals… no magic wands. Who exactly is this fairy godmother anyway? And is it even theoretically possible to pinpoint the exact whereabouts of “once upon a time in a far away land…”? Although the answers appear to be conspicuously obvious, for generations, old and young alike have continued to grasp at these dubious convictions, allowing make-believe to preside so powerfully over reality, that at times it becomes intricately impossible to separate the real from the unreal. But where precisely do these beliefs come from? From our society?... from our parents?… our families?… our ancestors?… our teachers?… our friends? Who is to blame exactly? Is it really anyone’s fault? In fact, perhaps they are all guilty… For all were directly, or indirectly responsible for the exposure to those stories, those tales of make believe, better known as fairy tales, that let our childhood minds run to those faraway lands, chase those fragmented dreams and aspirations, find the prince and enter the castle to happily ever after, on a white horse nonetheless. Although some believe fairy tales are just pure, innocent bedtime stories, their effects can be staggering, and persist all throughout the child’s lifetime, influencing important choices, instilling personal and intrapersonal relationships, morals and value systems, and defining the child’s conduct all throughout life. As Carolyn Heilbrun affirms, We live our lives through texts. These may be read, or chanted, or experienced electronically, or come to us, like the murmurings of our mothers, telling us of what conventions demand. Whatever their form our medium, these stories are what have formed us all, they are what we must use to make our new fictions… out of old tales, we must make new lives. 1 Clearly, we all must make new lives, but these lives should be our own and not a mirrored reflection of what we see in books, on television or at the movies. However, the impact of these texts, these images can sometimes speak so profoundly, that it can be difficult to separate the real from the imaginary, the ordinary from the extraordinary, perhaps, even inconvenient. After all, isn’t it easier to at times believe that our lives will have the same outcome as those of the characters out of a children’s storybook, or out of a Hollywood film? Isn’t it easier to wait for the happy ending than to believe things won’t get any better than this, and continue living as we are? Sharon 1 Quoted in Maria Tatar’s The Classic Fairytales. New York: W.W. Norton & Company, Inc., 1999, p. xii. 3 Fairy Tales or Unfair Tales?!... Nelson claims that, “unless we critically examine the myths we learned as children, they tend to shape us unconsciously as adults.” 2 We should not ignore our everyday exposure to fairy tale stories, their tainted messages are all around
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