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Scandale D'une Enquête Au Burundi. Analyse Critique Du Rapport S/1996

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Scandale D'une Enquête Au Burundi. Analyse Critique Du Rapport S/1996 Scandale d'une enqu•te de l'ONU au Burundi Une analyse critique du Rapport S/1996/682 de L'ONU sur le putsch sanglant du 21 octobre 1993 Analyse rŽalisŽe par le G.R.A.B. (Groupe de RŽflexion et d'Action pour le Burundi) Bruxelles, FŽvrier 1997 i Les auteurs de la prŽsente analyse sontÊ: Anatole BACANAMWO, Zacharie BACANAMWO, Mam•s BANSUBIYEKO, Jean-Baptiste BIGIRIMANA, FŽlix KUBWAYO, Joseph NTAKIRUTIMANA, Rapha‘l NTIBAZONKIZA, Cyriaque SABINDEMYI, Xavier WAEGENAERE, Ferdinand NGENDABANKA ii Liste des abrŽviations ARIB Association pour la RŽflexion et l'Information sur le Burundi CEI Commission d'Enqu•te Internationale FRODEBU Front pour la DŽmocratie au Burundi GRAB Groupe de RŽflexion et d'Action pour le Burundi ONG Organisation Non Gouvernementales ONU Organisation des Nations Unies OUA Organisation de l'UnitŽ Africaine PL Parti LibŽral PP Parti du Peuple PRP Parti pour la RŽconciliation du Peuple, originellement appelŽ Parti Royaliste Parlementaire RADDES Rassemblement pour la DŽmocratie, le DŽveloppement Economique et Social RPB Rassemblement du Peuple Burundais SRD SociŽtŽ RŽgionale de DŽveloppement UPRONA Union pour le Progr•s National CNDD Conseil National pour la DŽfense de la DŽmocratie iii TABLE DES MATIéRES AVANT-PROPOS ................................................................................... 1 PRESENTATION GENERALE................................................................. 3 INTRODUCTION .................................................................................... 4 CHAPITRE IÊ: UNE PROCEDURE D'ENQUETE ENTACHEE DE FAUTES LOURDES............................................................................... 6 1.1 Une mission mandat détournée par la CEI ...........................................................................7 1.1.1 La Résolution 1012................................................................................................................................................................7 1.1.2 La CEI a restreint le mandat lui conféré par la Résolution...............................................................................7 1.2 Un effectif dérisoire d'enquêteurs ........................................................................................8 1.3 Des preuves qui n'en sont pas ..............................................................................................9 1.3.1 Des témoignages douteux...................................................................................................................................................9 1.3.2 Des conditions obscures de recueil des témoignages...........................................................................................9 1.3.3 Des témoins manipulés..................................................................................................................................................... 10 1.3.4 Des preuves disponibles mais non fournies............................................................................................................. 10 CHAPITRE IIÊ: UN ETABLISSEMENT DES FAITS PLUS QUE LACUNAIRE......................................................................................... 1 2 2.1 Un nombre d'enquêteurs qualifiés très insuffisant .............................................................. 12 2.2 Une durée d'enquête trop courte ....................................................................................... 13 2.3 Des moyens financiers vraiment "insuffisants" ?................................................................. 14 2.4 Une manière d'enquêter sujette à caution........................................................................... 14 2.5 Identifier les concepteurs du coup d'État et les assassins du Président Melchior NDADAYE : un minimum........................................................................................................................... 16 2.5.1 Une série de coups d'État................................................................................................................................................ 16 2.5.2 La CEI n'identifie aucun coupable.............................................................................................................................. 17 2.5.3 Autres faits non exploités par la CEI......................................................................................................................... 18 2.6 Une interprétation aberrante des données du terrain ......................................................... 21 2.6.1 Province de KIRUNDO..................................................................................................................................................... 21 2.6.2 Province de NGOZI............................................................................................................................................................ 21 2.6.3 Province de GITEGA......................................................................................................................................................... 22 2.6.4 Province de MURAMVYA............................................................................................................................................. 23 2.7 Une relation des faits qui masque la réalité......................................................................... 25 2.7.1 Les paramètres en action................................................................................................................................................. 26 2.7.2 Déroulement et enchaînement des faits................................................................................................................... 27 3. CHAPITRE IIIÊ: DE LA MANIPULATION DE L'HISTOIRE................. 3 1 3.1 L'esprit qui a présidé à la gouvernance du pays : "Divide et Impera"................................ 31 3.1.1 Avant l'indépendance........................................................................................................................................................ 31 iv 3.1.2 Après l'indépendance......................................................................................................................................................... 32 3.1.3 L'État démocratique issu des élections de juin 1993......................................................................................... 34 3.2 Le conflit Etat-paysannerie................................................................................................. 35 3.2.1 Les antécédents au conflit État-paysannerie : rôle de la Tutelle belge.................................................... 35 3.2.3 Les élections législatives du 10 mai 1965.............................................................................................................. 37 3.2.4 Sous la dictature militaire (1966-1993).................................................................................................................... 38 3.2.5 Vers la fin du conflit État-paysannerie : les élections de juin 1993........................................................... 40 3.2.6 Le coup d'État du 21 octobre 1993 : le retour du conflit État-paysannerie.............................................. 41 3.3 L'armée burundaise : un État dans l'État........................................................................... 42 3.3.1 Le contexte............................................................................................................................................................................. 42 3.3.2 Une armée rebelle à la démocratie............................................................................................................................ 43 3.3.3 Une armée dont le seul ennemi est intérieur : la démocratie et l'ethnie majoritaire......................... 43 3.3.4 Une armée qui a gangrené l'histoire du Burundi.................................................................................................. 44 3.3.5 L'armée burundaise au sommet de la criminalité : le génocide de 1972 contre les Hutu, un génocide perpétré par l'armée-État........................................................................................................................................ 45 3.3.6 Une armée de criminels qui gouvernent seuls dans l'impunité..................................................................... 47 CHAPITRE IVÊ: DES CONCLUSIONS ET DES RECOMMANDATIONS 4 9 4.1 Une lacune monumentale : l'armée.................................................................................... 49 4.2 L'accusation de "génocide des Tutsi"................................................................................. 50 4.2.1 L'accusation est portée à la légère............................................................................................................................. 50 4.2.2 Le FRODEBU est-il « génocidaire » ?..................................................................................................................... 50 4.3 Qui est responsable de la mort des Tutsi ?.......................................................................... 53 4.3.1 "Agashavu" (petite et soudaine colère) des paysans hutu............................................................................... 53 4.3.2 Les véritables responsables de la mort des Tutsi................................................................................................. 54 4.3.3 Les vrais "génocidaires" : les adeptes et exécuteurs du "plan d'extemination des
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