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The Provenance of the Jacobsville Formation of the Upper Peninsula of Michigan Through a Petrographic Study

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The Provenance of the Jacobsville Formation of the Upper Peninsula of Michigan Through a Petrographic Study Western Michigan University ScholarWorks at WMU Master's Theses Graduate College 4-1986 The Provenance of the Jacobsville Formation of the Upper Peninsula of Michigan through a Petrographic Study David Walter Lindsay Follow this and additional works at: https://scholarworks.wmich.edu/masters_theses Part of the Geology Commons Recommended Citation Lindsay, David Walter, "The Provenance of the Jacobsville Formation of the Upper Peninsula of Michigan through a Petrographic Study" (1986). Master's Theses. 1331. https://scholarworks.wmich.edu/masters_theses/1331 This Masters Thesis-Open Access is brought to you for free and open access by the Graduate College at ScholarWorks at WMU. It has been accepted for inclusion in Master's Theses by an authorized administrator of ScholarWorks at WMU. For more information, please contact [email protected]. THE PROVENANCE OP THE JACOBSVILLE FORMATION OP THE UPPER PENINSULA OP MICHIGAN THROUGH A PETROGRAPHIC STUDY David Walter Lindsay A Thesis Submitted to the Faculty of The Graduate College in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the Degree of Master of Science Department of Geology Western Michigan University Kalamazoo, Michigan April 1986 Reproduced with permission of the copyright owner. Further reproduction prohibited without permission. THE PROVENANCE OP THE JACOBSVILLE FORMATION OP THE UPPER PENINSULA OP MICHIGAN THROUGH A PETROGRAPHIC STUDY David Walter Lindsay, M.S. Western Michigan University, 1986 The Upper Keweenawan Jacohsville Formation source areas were mixed source terranes with dominant terrane types changing regionally in relative abundances of sediment contribution. Dominant source terranes were older sediments, including a weathered soil zone, Upper Keweenawan Freda Sandstone and other recycled sandstones; plutonic Pre- cambrian basement rocks;. Middle Keweenawan Portage Lake Volcanics; and the chlorite to staurolite grade metamorphic rocks and iron ranges of Michigan’s upper peninsula. Depositional environments of the formation's four facies types range from fluvial to deltaic/lacustrine. Sediments were in transport for a short distance, resulting in grain freshness and angularity, moderate sorting and preservation of unstable sediments. Rapid erosion and deposition caused rock immaturity, an abundance of fresh, coarse feldspars and a wide range of alteration in a single species of feldspar. Two major basins of deposition were partially separated by a plutonic to metamorphic terrane highland. Major source areas were to the south­ east of the western end of the outcrop belt and to the south of the eastern two-thirds of the outcrop belt. Reproduced with permission of the copyright owner. Further reproduction prohibited without permission. ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS I am very grateful to Dr. William B. Harrison* III for his guidance and useful criticism as my thesis advisor. Thanks go to Robert Havira (Western Michigan University) for help in technical areas and with photo­ graphy. I would also like to thank The Graduate College for their financial support. The Huron Mountain Club is deeply appreciated for allowing me access to, and lodging on, their beautiful tract of land. Special thanks to Tim and Lee Flaherty for their warm hospitality during my stay with them. My deepest appreciation goes to Karen, my wife, for her patience, moral support and love. Heartfelt thanks go to Lisa, our daughter, for all of the joy she provided us during this project. David Walter Lindsay ii Reproduced with permission of the copyright owner. Further reproduction prohibited without permission. INFORMATION TO USERS This reproduction was made from a copy of a manuscript sent to us for publication and microfilming. While the most advanced technology has been used to pho­ tograph and reproduce this manuscript, the quality of the reproduction is heavily dependent upon the quality of the material submitted. Pages in any manuscript may have indistinct print. In all cases the best available copy has been filmed. The following explanation of techniques is provided to help clarify notations which may appear on this reproduction. 1. Manuscripts may not always be complete. When it is not possible to obtain missing pages, a note appears to indicate this. 2. When copyrighted materials are removed from the manuscript, a note ap­ pears to indicate this. 3. Oversize materials (maps, drawings, and charts) are photographed by sec­ tioning the original, beginning at the upper left hand comer and continu­ ing from left to right in equal sections with small overlaps. Each oversize page is also filmed as one exposure and is available, for an additional charge, as a standard 35mm slide or in black and white paper format.* 4. Most photographs reproduce acceptably on positive microfilm or micro­ fiche but lack clarity on xerographic copies made from the microfilm. For an additional charge, all photographs are available in black and white standard 35mm slide format.* *For more information about black and white slides or enlarged paper reproductions, please contact the Dissertations Customer Services Department T T A /T I Dissertation L J 1 V 1 1 Information Service University Microfilms International A Bell & Howell Information Company 300 N. Zeeb Road, Ann Arbor, Michigan 48106 Reproduced with permission of the copyright owner. Further reproduction prohibited without permission. Reproduced with permission of the copyright owner. Further reproduction prohibited without permission. 1328128 Lindsay, David Walter THE PROVENANCE OF THE JACOBSVILLE FORMATION OF THE UPPER PENINSULA OF MICHIGAN THROUGH A PETROGRAPHIC STUDY Western Michigan University M.S. 1986 University Microfilms International300 N. Zeeb Road, Ann Arbor, Ml 48106 Reproduced with permission of the copyright owner. Further reproduction prohibited without permission. Reproduced with permission of the copyright owner. Further reproduction prohibited without permission. PLEASE NOTE: In all cases this material has been filmed in the best possible way from the available copy. Problems encountered with this document have been identified here with a check markV . 1. Glossy photographs or pages_____ 2. Colored illustrations, paper or print______ 3. Photographs with dark background 4. Illustrations are poor copy______ 5. Pages with black marks, not original copy 6. Print shows through as there is text on both sides of_______ page 7. Indistinct, broken or small print on several pagesi / ' 8. Print exceeds margin requirements______ 9. Tightly bound copy with print lost in spine_______ 10. Computer printout pages with indistinct print_______ 11. Page(s)____________ lacking when material received, and not available from school or author. 12. Page(s)____________ seem to be missing in numbering only as text follows. 13. Two pages numbered . Text follows. 14. Curling and wrinkled pages_____ 15. Dissertation contains pages with print at a slant, filmed as received. 16. Other_______________________________________________________________________ University Microfilms International Reproduced with permission of the copyright owner. Further reproduction prohibited without permission. Reproduced with permission of the copyright owner. Further reproduction prohibited without permission. TABLE OP CONTENTS ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS...................................... ii LIST OE TABLES........................................ iv LIST OP F I G U R E S .................................... v INTRODUCTION ........................................ 1 PREVIOUS W O R K ......... 4 REGIONAL SETTING .................................... 7 DESCRIPTION OP PACIES .............................. 14 Red Siltstone Pacies .......................... 15 Conglomerate Pacies ............................ 16 Massive Sandstone Pacies ...................... 22 Lenticular Sandstone Pacies .................... 25 DEPOSITIONAL REGIONS OP THE JACOBSVILLE ............. 28 PETROGRAPHIC ANALYSIS .............................. 32 Region I ........................................ 32 Region I I ........................................ 40 Region I I I ...................................... 51 Region I V ........................................ 60 Region V ........................................ 70 Region V I ......................... 80 Region V I I ...................................... 89 CONCLUSION........................................... 102 BIBLIOGRAPHY......................................... 110 Reproduced with permission of the copyright owner. Further reproduction prohibited without permission. LIST OF TABLES 1. Modal Analysis of Sandstone Samples From Outcrops 1 and2 of Region I .....................37 2. Modal Analysis of Sandstone Samples From Outcrops 3, 4, 5, 6 and 7 of Region I I ......... 47 3. Modal Analysis of Sandstone Samples From Outcrops 8, 10, 11 and 12 of Region III .... 57 4. Modal Analysis of Sandstone Samples From Outcrops 13, 14 and 16 of Region I V ........... 66 5. Modal Analysis of Sandstone Samples From Outcrops 17, 18, 19, 20 and21 of Region V . 77 6. Modal Analysis of Sandstone Samples From Outcrops 22 and 23 of Region V I ............... 86 7. Modal Analysis of Sandstone Samples From Outcrops 24, 25, 26, 27, 28 and 29 of Region VIII . ..................... 97 8 . The Averaged Modal Analysis Results for Each of the Depositional Regions.............. 107 iv Reproduced with permission of the copyright owner. Further reproduction prohibited without permission. LIST OP FIGURES 1. Map of Michigan’s Upper Peninsula Showing the Jacobsville Outcrop B e l t .................... 2 2. General
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