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The Cathedral and the Bazaar Eric Steven Raymond Thyrsus Enterprises [
The Cathedral and the Bazaar Eric Steven Raymond Thyrsus Enterprises [http://www.tuxedo.org/~esr/] <[email protected]> This is version 3.0 Copyright © 2000 Eric S. Raymond Copyright Permission is granted to copy, distribute and/or modify this document under the terms of the Open Publication License, version 2.0. $Date: 2002/08/02 09:02:14 $ Revision History Revision1.57 11September2000 esr New major section “How Many Eyeballs Tame Complexity”. Revision1.52 28August2000 esr MATLAB is a reinforcing parallel to Emacs. Corbatoó & Vyssotsky got it in 1965. Revision1.51 24August2000 esr First DocBook version. Minor updates to Fall 2000 on the time-sensitive material. Revision1.49 5May2000 esr Added the HBS note on deadlines and scheduling. Revision1.51 31August1999 esr This the version that O’Reilly printed in the first edition of the book. Revision1.45 8August1999 esr Added the endnotes on the Snafu Principle, (pre)historical examples of bazaar development, and originality in the bazaar. Revision 1.44 29 July 1999 esr Added the “On Management and the Maginot Line” section, some insights about the usefulness of bazaars for exploring design space, and substantially improved the Epilog. Revision1.40 20Nov1998 esr Added a correction of Brooks based on the Halloween Documents. Revision 1.39 28 July 1998 esr I removed Paul Eggert’s ’graph on GPL vs. bazaar in response to cogent aguments from RMS on Revision1.31 February101998 esr Added “Epilog: Netscape Embraces the Bazaar!” Revision1.29 February91998 esr Changed “free software” to “open source”. Revision1.27 18November1997 esr Added the Perl Conference anecdote. Revision 1.20 7 July 1997 esr Added the bibliography. -
Email Issues
EMAIL ISSUES - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - TABLE OF CONTENTS NEW POLICY WITH RESPECT TO EMAIL ADDRESSES A NECESSARY EMAIL SETTING WHY OUR EMAILS POSSIBLY ARRIVED LATE OR NOT AT ALL STOP USING YAHOO, NETZERO, AND JUNO EMAIL PROVIDERS - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - NEW POLICY WITH RESPECT TO EMAIL ADDRESSES: There are two important issues here. FIRST, members must not supply CFIC with their company email addresses. That is, companies that they work for. (If you own the company, that's different.) All email on a company's server can be read by any supervisor. All it takes is one pro vaccine activist to get hold of our mobilization alerts to throw a monkey wrench in all of our efforts. Thus, do not supply me with a company email address. We can help you get an alternative to that if necesary. SECONDLY, CFIC needs members' email addresses to supply important information to mobilize parents to do things that advances our goal to enact our legislative reforms of the exemptions from vaccination. That has always been CFIC's sole agenda. CFIC has been able to keep the membership fee to zero because we don't communicate via snail mail. But people change their addresses frequently and forget to update CFIC. When this happens over the years, that member is essentually blind and deaf to us, and is no longer of any value to the coalition---your fellow parents. Therefore, it warrants me to require that members supply CFIC with their most permanent email account. That means the email address of the company in which you are paying a monthly fee for internet access, be it broadband or dialup service. -
Braille Keypad
Special Issue - 2016 International Journal of Engineering Research & Technology (IJERT) ISSN: 2278-0181 NCETET - 2016 Conference Proceedings Braille Keypad Aneeta Jimmi, Athira V, Mahesh V, Sneha Sethumadhavan Department of Electronics and Communication Marian Engineering College, Trivandrum Abstract—The aim of the project is to create a small different patterns can be formed (64 combinations are portable device which will act as a braillic note taker and enable possible if you include no dots). the user to access internet for sending or recieving email and it can also be used as remote to control various home appliences. The system comprises of a braillic device, a host which may be a computer or ARM board and a slave device. Keywords—Braille; Keypad; Note taker; Microcontroller The Braille alphabet is made up of 26 different I. INTRODUCTION combinations of the Braille cell, each combination of dot(s) Braille is a system of raised dots that can be read with representing a letter of the alphabet. The Braille alphabet is the fingers by people who are blind or who have low vision. made up of three sequences. The first sequence for letters a to Teachers, parents, and others who are not visually impaired j use the top and middle rows, cells 1, 2, 4 and 5 (below): ordinarily read Braille with their eyes. Braille is not a language. Rather, it is a code by which many languages— such as English, Spanish, Arabic, Chinese, and dozens of others—may be written and read. Braille is used by thousands of people all over the world in their native languages, and The second sequence for letters k to t are formed by provides a means of literacy for all. -
Florida Library Directory with Statistics, 2000. INSTITUTION Florida Dept
DOCUMENT RESUME ED 446 777 IR 057 922 AUTHOR Taylor-Furbee, Sondra, Comp.; Kellenberger, Betsy, Comp. TITLE Florida Library Directory with Statistics, 2000. INSTITUTION Florida Dept. of State, Tallahassee. Div. of Library and Information Services. PUB DATE 2000-00-00 NOTE 268p.; For the 1999 directory, see ED 437 953. AVAILABLE FROM For full text: http://librarydata.dos.state.fl.us. PUB TYPE Numerical/Quantitative Data (110) Reference Materials Directories /Catalogs (132) EDRS PRICE MF01/PC11 Plus Postage. DESCRIPTORS Academic Libraries; Elementary Secondary Education; Higher Education; Institutional Libraries; Library Associations; *Library Statistics; *Public Libraries; School Libraries; Special Libraries IDENTIFIERS Florida ABSTRACT This document contains directory and statistical information about libraries in Florida organized in the following sections: (1) "Florida Division of Library and Information Services (DLIS) Library Organizations, Councils, and Associations," including the State Library Council, Library Services & Technology Act Advisory Council, Florida Library Literacy Advisory Council, Florida Library Network Council, DLIS staff directory, DLIS statistics, Florida Library Information Network, library associations, graduate library schools, networks and multitype library cooperatives, and Florida State documents depositories; (2) "Directory of Libraries," including public libraries, academic libraries, special libraries, institutional libraries, and school library media supervisors; (3) "Public Library Data," including a narrative statistical summary and selected historical data; (4) "Public Library Data Table," including access to library service (outlets, square feet, Sunday hours), library staff, librarian salaries, income, expenses, expenses by category, collection, circulation and borrowers, visits/reference/interlibrary loan, programs, and electronic access; (5) "Personnel Index"; and (6) "County Index." (MES) Reproductions supplied by EDRS are the best that can be made from the original document. -
In the United States District Court for the District of Puerto Rico
Case 3:11-cv-02271-GAG-BJM Document 467 Filed 04/03/13 Page 1 of 10 IN THE UNITED STATES DISTRICT COURT FOR THE DISTRICT OF PUERTO RICO W HOLDING COMPANY, INC., et al., Plaintiffs, v. CHARTIS INSURANCE COMPANY OF PUERTO RICO, Defendant; FEDERAL DEPOSIT INSURANCE CORPORATION, as receiver of Westernbank Puerto Rico, Plaintiff-Intervenor, Civil No. 11-2271 (GAG/BJM) v. FRANK STIPES GARCIA, et al., Cross-Claim Defendants, CHARTIS INSURANCE COMPANY OF PUERTO RICO, Previously-Joined Defendant, and MARLENE CRUZ CABALLERO, et al., Additional Defendants. ORDER GOVERNING DISCOVERY OF ELECTRONICALLY STORED INFORMATION FROM FDIC-R I. Preamble and Definitions For the reasons stated in the accompanying opinion, the parties to this action are hereby ordered to comply with the following as a default protocol for obtaining certain electronically stored information (“ESI”) from the Federal Deposit Insurance Corporation in its capacity as receiver of Westernbank Puerto Rico (“FDIC-R”). FDIC-R and any other party may privately Case 3:11-cv-02271-GAG-BJM Document 467 Filed 04/03/13 Page 2 of 10 W Holding Co. v. Chartis Ins. Co. of P.R. (FDIC v. Stipes Garcia) Page 2 Civil No. 11-2271 (GAG/BJM) — Order Governing Discovery of ESI from FDIC-R agree to alter these terms as permitted by Fed. R. Civ. P. 29(b). In the absence of agreement, however, this order will control until it is amended or vacated by the court. The following terms are given special meanings: Native File means ESI in the electronic format of the application in which such ESI is normally created, viewed, and/or modified. -
The Challenges in Adopting Assistive Technologies in the Workplace for People with Visual Impairments
The challenges in adopting assistive technologies in the workplace for people with visual impairments Author Wahidin, H, Waycott, J, Baker, S Published 2018 Conference Title OzCHI '18: Proceedings of the 30th Australian Conference on Computer-Human Interaction Version Accepted Manuscript (AM) DOI https://doi.org/10.1145/3292147.3292175 Copyright Statement © ACM, 2018. This is the author's version of the work. It is posted here by permission of ACM for your personal use. Not for redistribution. The definitive version was published in OzCHI '18: Proceedings of the 30th Australian Conference on Computer-Human Interaction, ISBN: 978-1-4503-6188-0, https://doi.org/10.1145/3292147.3292175 Downloaded from http://hdl.handle.net/10072/402099 Griffith Research Online https://research-repository.griffith.edu.au The Challenges in Adopting Assistive Technologies in the Workplace for People with Visual Impairments Herman Wahidin Jenny Waycot Steven Baker Interaction Design Lab, School of Interaction Design Lab, School of Interaction Design Lab, School of Computing & Information Systems Computing & Information Systems Computing & Information Systems Te University of Melbourne Te University of Melbourne Te University of Melbourne Melbourne, VIC, Australia Melbourne, VIC, Australia Melbourne, VIC, Australia [email protected] [email protected] [email protected] ABSTRACT Computer-Human Interaction Conference (OzCHI '18). ACM Press, New York, NY, 11 pages. htps://doi.org/10.1145/3292147.3292175 Tere are many barriers to employment for people with visual impairments. Assistive technologies (ATs), such as computer screen readers and enlarging sofware, are commonly used to 1 Introduction help overcome employment barriers and enable people with In 2015, there were approximately 4.3 million Australians living visual impairments to contribute to, and participate in, the with a disability, according to data from Australian Bureau of workforce. -
SUMMER 2009 Volume LI, No
CTEVHCTEVH JOURNALJOURNAL SUMMER 2009 Volume LI, No. 2 WHAT ’S INS I DE : • Ed i t o r i a l – ri c h a r d ta E s c h • FE a t u r E d ar t i c l E s • Fi r s t Pl a c E Wi n n E r i n Va n cl i b u r n co m pe t i t i o n • bl i n d hi g h sc h o o l ru n n E r • Ca t l i n ’s to P tE n ru l E s F o r t h E in c o m i n g co l l E g E Fr E s h m a n • ch u c k l E ’s co r n E r • lo o k i n g t o t h E Fu t u r E o F CTEbVi an d m a n y g r E a t a r t i c l E s F r o m o u r spe c i a li sts THE OFFICIAL PUBLICATION OF THE California Transcribers and Educators of the Visually Handicapped mE s s a g E F r o m t h E Ed i t o r THE CTEVH JOURNAL Hi Everyone, Editor Marcy Ponzio Braille Challenge was keeping me very busy up until June 20, so I don’t have much to say this time Layout Editor around (yeah, yeah, thank heavens). -
The Cathedral and the Bazaar
The Cathedral and the Bazaar Linux is subversive. Who would have thought even five years ago (1991) that a world- class operating system could coalesce as if by magic out of part-time hacking by several thousand developers scattered all over the planet, connected only by the tenuous strands of the Internet? Certainly not I. By the time Linux swam onto my radar screen in early 1993, I had already been involved in Unix and open-source development for ten years. I was one of the first GNU contributors in the mid-1980s. I had released a good deal of open-source software onto the net, developing or co-developing several programs (nethack, Emacs's VC and GUD modes, xlife, and others) that are still in wide use today. I thought I knew how it was done. Linux overturned much of what I thought I knew. I had been preaching the Unix gospel of small tools, rapid prototyping and evolutionary programming for years. But I also believed there was a certain critical complexity above which a more centralized, a priori approach was required. I believed that the most important software (operating systems and really large tools like the Emacs programming editor) needed to be built like cathedrals, carefully crafted by individual wizards or small bands of mages working in splendid isolation, with no beta to be released before its time. Linus Torvalds's style of development—release early and often, delegate everything you can, be open to the point of promiscuity—came as a surprise. No quiet, reverent cathedral-building here—rather, the Linux community seemed to resemble a great babbling bazaar of differing agendas and approaches (aptly symbolized by the Linux archive sites, who'd take submissions from anyone) out of which a coherent and stable system could seemingly emerge only by a succession of miracles. -
Study on the Internal Market for Assistive
The Internal Market for assistive ICT Final report INTERNAL MARKET FOR INCLUSIVE AND ASSISTIVE ICT,TARGETED MARKET ANALYSIS AND LEGISLATIVE ASPECTS SMART 2008/0067 Final report June 2011 Deloitte & AbilityNet The study has been commissioned by the European Commission, Directorate General for Information Society and Media, unit ICT for Inclusion. All views expressed in this document, however, are those of the authors and do not necessarily reflect the views of the European Commission. Neither the European Commission nor any person acting on its behalf is responsible for the use which might be made of the information contained in the present publication. The European Commission is not responsible for the external web sites referred to in the present publication. © European Union, 2011 Reproduction is authorized provided the source is acknowledged. Authors: Sebastiaan van der Peijl, Filippo Munisteri, Mar Negreiro, Lionel Kapff, Veronika Jermolina, Clare Folkes 1 Contents Executive summary............................................................................................................... i 1 Introduction .................................................................................................................. 1 1.1 Main objectives of the study .................................................................................. 1 1.2 Structure of the final report ................................................................................... 1 1.3 Policy context ....................................................................................................... -
Print This Article
European Journal of Special Education Research ISSN: 2501 - 2428 ISSN-L: 2501 - 2428 Available on-line at: www.oapub.org/edu DOI: 10.46827/ejse.v6i4.3487 Volume 6 │ Issue 4 │ 2020 TEACHERS’ CONTRIBUTION IN DEAFBLIND STUDENTS’ BRAILLE LITERACY Konstantina Spyropouloui MA, Med, University of Nottingham, United Kingdom Special Education Teacher, Ministry of Education and Religious Affairs, Greece Abstract: Deafblindness constitutes a dual sensory impairment that is caused by acquired or congenital factors. Assistive technology has converted learning into an approachable good for them. Based on the literature review, braille turned out the most effective assistive device that promotes deafblind (DB) children’s literacy. However, education without human contribution cannot operate properly. For that reason, teachers play a vital role in children’s learning development and can act as the mediators of the provided knowledge. The educational personnel has to bear in mind that every DB child has unique necessities. Consequently, it is imperative need to teach them the suitable combination of methods and techniques consolidated with their knowledge and experience. This research study will employ the methodology of qualitative research as well as the method of semi-structured interviews with teachers of DB students, in order to discover efficient strategies of teaching braille that could build children’s literacy in the school environment. Keywords: deafblindness, assistive technology, braille literacy, teaching strategies 1. Introduction Howe initially referred to deafblindness in 1648 when he described how a deaf and blind doctor (John Bulwar) taught to speak (Das and Mishra, n.d.). An example of a talented DB individual is the renowned Helen Keller, who raised awareness and encouraged many others with visual and hearing impairments (Parker, McGinnity and Bruce, 2011). -
Exhibition of Technical Aids for the Blind, Visually Impaired, Deafblind and Persons with Partial Hearing and Vision from August
500886_InfoVision_E.qxd 28.7.2008 12:50 Uhr Seite 1 I nfo V ision 08 Exhibition of technical aids for the blind, visually impaired, deafblind and persons with partial hearing and vision The Swiss Federation of the Swiss Federation of the Blind and Visually Impaired and Blind and Visually Impaired its partner organizations welco- www.sbv-fsa.ch me to Geneva in August 2008 the blind and visually impaired delegates from all over the world for the 7th General Assembly of the World Blind Union (WBU). The traditional exhibition on www.wbu2008.ch assistive technology Info Vision will be held at this occasion. Numerous companies and orga- nizations from abroad,Europe and Switzerland are presenting on 3000 m 2 a large overview on assistive devices and services for blind, visually impaired, deaf- blind and people with hearing www.cicg.ch and visual handicaps from August 21 st to 23rd 2008 at the International Conference Centre Geneva (ICCG) 17, rue de Varembé, CH-1211 Genève 20 500886_InfoVision_E.qxd 28.7.2008 12:50 Uhr Seite 2 2 500886_InfoVision_E.qxd 28.7.2008 12:50 Uhr Seite 3 Welcome! The Swiss Federation of information that is relevant to them from the Blind and Visually the wealth available every day. The ability to Impaired (SFB), togeth- access all up-to-date content and formats er with its partner asso- and process them using the same tools as ciations and many exhi- non-handicapped persons is a prerequisite bitors, looks forward to for successful integration. It is therefore being able to present important to take the needs of disabled per- an extensive range of sons into account in IT research and devel- aids to blind, visually- opment in order to ensure unobstructed impaired, deaf-blind, visually and hearing- access to both current and future technolo- impaired persons as well as sighted persons. -
A Rapid Evidence Assessment of the Effectiveness Of
University of Birmingham A Rapid Evidence Assessment of the effectiveness of educational interventions to support children and young people with multi-sensory impairment Hodges, Elizabeth; Ellis, Liz; Douglas, Graeme; Hewett, Rachel; McLinden, Mike; Terlektsi, Emmanouela; Wootten, Angela; Ware, Jean; Williams, Lora License: Other (please provide link to licence statement Document Version Publisher's PDF, also known as Version of record Citation for published version (Harvard): Hodges, E, Ellis, L, Douglas, G, Hewett, R, McLinden, M, Terlektsi, E, Wootten, A, Ware, J & Williams, L 2019, A Rapid Evidence Assessment of the effectiveness of educational interventions to support children and young people with multi-sensory impairment. Welsh Assembly Government. <https://gov.wales/sites/default/files/statistics-and-research/2019-11/effectiveness-educational-interventions- support-children-young-people-multi-sensory-impairment.pdf> Link to publication on Research at Birmingham portal Publisher Rights Statement: https://www.nationalarchives.gov.uk/doc/open-government-licence/version/3/ Contains public sector information licensed under the Open Government Licence v3.0. General rights Unless a licence is specified above, all rights (including copyright and moral rights) in this document are retained by the authors and/or the copyright holders. The express permission of the copyright holder must be obtained for any use of this material other than for purposes permitted by law. •Users may freely distribute the URL that is used to identify this publication. •Users may download and/or print one copy of the publication from the University of Birmingham research portal for the purpose of private study or non-commercial research. •User may use extracts from the document in line with the concept of ‘fair dealing’ under the Copyright, Designs and Patents Act 1988 (?) •Users may not further distribute the material nor use it for the purposes of commercial gain.