Township Environmental Assessment
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HPA-AN TOWNSHIP ENVIRONMENTAL ASSESSMENT 2017 MYANMAR ENVIRONMENT INSTITUTE Chapter 1 Final Report Page 1 This report has been prepared by Myanmar Environment Insitute as part of BRACED Myanmar Consortium(2015-2017) Final Report Page 2 Abbreviation and Acronyms BRACED Building Resilience and Adaptation to Climate Extremes and Disasters CBO Community Based Organization CO Carbon Monoxide CO2 Carbon Dioxide CRA Community Risk Assessment CRSA Climate Resilient Sustainable Agriculture CSO Civil Society Organization CSR Corporate Social Responsibility Cu.Ton Cubic Ton ECD Environmental Conservation Department EIA Environmental Impact Assessment EMP Environmental Management Plan EU European Union GHG Green House Gas IEE Initial Environmental Examination Inh/km2 Inhabitant per Kilometer Square KBA Key Biodiversity Area Km Kilo Meter LC Least Concern m Meter m3 Cubic Meter MEI Myanmar Environment Institute MIMU Myanmar Information Management Unit MOECAF Ministry of Environmental Conservation and Forestry MONREC Ministry of Natural Resource and Environmental Conservation MSW Municipal Solid Waste NCEA National Commission for Environmental Affair NGO Non-Governmental Organization Final Report Page 3 NTFP Non -Timber Forest Product NW North West PAH Polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon PM Particulate Matter PVC Poly Vinyl Chloride RIMES Regional Integrated Multi -Hazard Early Warning System SE South East SEA Strategic Environmental Assessment SO2 Sulfur Dioxide TDMP Township Disaster Management Plan TEA Township environmental assessment TEMP Temperature UN United Nation UNEP United Nation Environmental Program WCS Wildlife Conservation Society WSHG Women Self Help Group WtE Waste to Energy Final Report Page 4 Table of Contents Executive Summary ________________________________________________________ 9 Chapter 1 Introduction and Background _______________________________________ 20 1.1 Background __________________________________________________________________ 20 1.2 Introduction of BRACED _________________________________________________________ 21 Introduction to SEA _______________________________________________________________________ 23 1.3 TEA Goal and Objective _________________________________________________________ 23 1.4 SEA Methodology ______________________________________________________________ 24 Data Collection Methodologies _____________________________________________________________ 25 1.5 Limitations ___________________________________________________________________ 26 Chapter 2 Environmental Scoping ____________________________________________ 27 2.1 Key Environmental Components __________________________________________________ 27 2.2 Selected Key Township Development Plan, Actions and Activities _______________________ 28 2.3 Interaction Matrix _____________________________________________________________ 29 Chapter 3 . Environmental Legislative Framework & Enabling Environment for Environmental Assessment _________________________________________________ 32 3.1 General ______________________________________________________________________ 32 3.2 National Environment Policy _____________________________________________________ 32 3.3 Myanmar Agenda 21 ___________________________________________________________ 32 3.4 National Sustainable Development Strategy ________________________________________ 32 3.5 Relevant Environmental Legislation _______________________________________________ 32 3.6 Institutional Management and Arrangement for Environmental Policy and Strategies ______ 35 Central Committee for National Environment Conservation and Climate Change (NECCC) ______________ 35 National Coordination Framework ___________________________________________________________ 35 Ministry of Natural Resources and Environmental Conservation ___________________________________ 35 3.7 SEA Requirement in EIA Procedure ________________________________________________ 37 3.8 Institutional Framework related to Resettlement and Land Acquisition __________________ 38 Institutional Analysis on Environmental Governance ____________________________________________ 39 Chapter 4 Environmental Baseline, Key Environmental Issues and Vulnerabilies _______ 41 4.1 Environmental Baseline _________________________________________________________ 41 Location of Hpa-an Township _______________________________________________________________ 41 Zwekabin Mountain ______________________________________________________________________ 41 Climatology of Hpa-an Area ________________________________________________________________ 42 Final Report Page 5 General Geology _________________________________________________________________________ 44 Soil Type ________________________________________________________________________________ 44 Mineral Resource ________________________________________________________________________ 46 Air Quality ______________________________________________________________________________ 47 River System ____________________________________________________________________________ 48 Biological Environment ____________________________________________________________________ 49 Terrestrial Flora __________________________________________________________________________ 51 Terrestrial Fauna _________________________________________________________________________ 51 Forest Coverage and Trend _________________________________________________________________ 53 Forest Product of Hpa-an Township __________________________________________________________ 53 Ecoregion, Protected Area and KBA __________________________________________________________ 54 4.2 Socio economic and Ethnicity ____________________________________________________ 55 Ethnicity ________________________________________________________________________________ 55 Language _______________________________________________________________________________ 55 Religion ________________________________________________________________________________ 55 Population ______________________________________________________________________________ 56 Religious and Cultural Sites _________________________________________________________________ 56 Livelihoods and Land Use __________________________________________________________________ 56 Electricity _______________________________________________________________________________ 57 Source of Cooking ________________________________________________________________________ 57 Source of Drinking Water __________________________________________________________________ 57 Source of Non Drinking Water ______________________________________________________________ 58 Fishery and Livestock _____________________________________________________________________ 58 4.3 Environmental Issue and Analysis _________________________________________________ 58 Environmetnal Impact by Quarrying for crushed stone ___________________________________________ 59 Environmetnal Impact by Cement Plant in Myingalay Area _______________________________________ 60 Environmental Impact by Instream Sand Mining ________________________________________________ 64 Environmental Impact by Enhancement of Tourism Sector _______________________________________ 67 Environmental Impact by Industrial Zone ____________________________________________________ 69 Environmental Impact by Waste Management _________________________________________________ 73 Environmetnal Impact by Commercial and Perennial Plantation and Extension of Agricultural Land ______ 77 4.4 Key vulnerabilities of communities in Hpa-an and Ecosystem Services ___________________ 81 Major Environmental Threats and Vulnerability in Hpa -An _______________________________________ 81 Health __________________________________________________________________________________ 83 Ecosystem Service ________________________________________________________________________ 85 Food ___________________________________________________________________________________ 85 Water Availability and Quality ______________________________________________________________ 86 Chapter 5 Generic Environmental Management and Recommendation ______________ 87 5.1 Institutional Arrangement _______________________________________________________ 88 Township institutional cooperation __________________________________________________________ 88 Strengthening of institutional capacity _______________________________________________________ 88 General Recommendation for Major Actors ___________________________________________________ 88 Final Report Page 6 Reference & Appendix ____________________________________________________ 124 List of Figure Figure 1 Generic SEA Process ............................................................................................ 25 Figure 2 Generic Environmental Legislative Framework ............................................. 35 Figure 3 Location Map of Hpa-an Township ................................................................... 41 Figure 4 Zwekagin Mountain ............................................................................................. 42 Figure 5 Sampling Site of Limestone ................................................................................. 46 Figure 6 Emission from Cement Plant ............................................................................. 47 Figure 7 Thanlwin River ..................................................................................................... 48 Figure 8 Typical Forest ......................................................................................................