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Table S1. Search Strategy Table S2. Characteristics of Included Studies

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Table S1. Search Strategy Table S2. Characteristics of Included Studies Table S1. Search Strategy MEDLINE (up to February 2016) 1. randomized controlled trial/ or controlled clinical trial.pt. or comparative study.pt or clinical trial.pt. or randomized.ab. or randomised.ab or randomly.ab,ti. or trial.ab,ti. 2. placebos/ or placebo effect/ or placebo.tw or anti-inflammatory agents, non-steroidal/ or anti-inflammator*.tw or nsaid*.tw. or acetylsalicyl* or diflunisal or aceclofenac or alclofenac or diclofenac or indometacin or sulindac or meloxicam or piroxicam or dexibuprofen or dexketoprofen or fenoprofen or flurbiprofen or ibuprofen or ketoprofen or naproxen or tiapro* or metamizol or phenylbutazone or phenazone or propyphenazone or celecoxib or etoricoxib or nabumeton or parecoxib.tw 3. 1 and 2 4. back pain/ or low back pain/ or dorsalgia.ti,ab. or backache.ti,ab. or (lumbar adj pain).tw. or lumbago.tw or back disorder*.tw. or neck pain/ or neck pain.tw. 5. 3 and 4 6. limit 5 to humans EMBASE (up to February 2016) 1. 'randomized controlled trial (topic)' or randomized:ab or randomised:ab or randomly:ab 2. 'placebo'/exp or placebo:ti or placebo:ab 3. #1 and #2 4. 'nonsteroidal antiinflammatory agent'/exp or 'anti inflammatory':ti or 'anti inflammatory':ab or nsaid*:ti or nsaid*:ab 5. #3 and #4 6. 'low back pain'/exp or 'low back pain' or 'backache'/exp or 'backache' or 'neck pain'/exp or 'neck pain' 7. #5 and #6 8. #7 and [embase]/lim 9. #8 and [humans]/lim 10. #9 and ([article]/lim or [article in press]/lim or [review]/lim) CINAHL (up to February 2016) 1. (MH "Clinical Trials+") or (MH "Comparative Studies") or (MH "Randomized Controlled Trials") or (MH "Clinical Trials+") or ti random* or ab random* 2. (MH "Antiinflammatory Agents, Non-Steroidal+") or (MH "Antiinflammatory Agents, Topical+") or "Antiinflammatory" or "Anti-inflammatory" or ti nsaid* or ab nsaid* 3. 1 and 2 4. (MH "Low Back Pain") or (MH "Back Pain+") or "dorsalgia" or "backache" or "lumbago" or (MH "Neck Pain") 5. 3 and 4 6. 5 limited to humans CENTRAL (up to February 2016) 1. MeSH descriptor: [Back Pain] explode all trees or MeSH descriptor: [Low Back Pain] explode all trees or (lumbar next pain) or (coccyx) or (coccydynia) or (sciatica) or (spondylosis) or MeSH descriptor: [Spinal Diseases] explode all trees or (lumbago) or (discitis) or (disc near degeneration) or (disc near prolapse) or (disc near herniation) or back disorder* or back near pain or MeSH descriptor: [Neck Pain] explode all trees or neck pain or neck disorder* 2. MeSH descriptor: [Anti-Inflammatory Agents, Non-Steroidal] explode all trees or nsaid* 3. 1 and 2 4. 3 limited to trials LILACS (up to February 2016) 1. (anti-inflammatory or antiinflamatorio or anti-inflamatorio or anti-inflammatories or antiinflamatorios or anti- inflamatorios or NSAIDs or AINEs) and (osteoarthritis or osteoartrite or back pain or dor lombar or lumbago or lombalgia or backache or neck pain or dor cervical or knee pain or hip pain) Table S2. Characteristics of included studies Details of Interventions (dose NSAID Outcomes and Study Country participants regimens) class time points 50 sciatica patients (group Group 1: Indomethacin 25 1=25, group mg, 1 capsule, 3 times Adverse effects; Goldie 1968 Sweden Acetic acid 2=25); mean age daily, 75 mg total; Group 2: at 2 weeks (SD)=NR; 52% Oral placebo male 110 back pain Group 1: Indomethacin 25 with or without mg, 1 capsule, 3 times sciatica patients daily, 75 mg total for 2 United Adverse effects; Jacobs 1968 (group 1=55, days, then 1 capsule 4 Acetic acid Kingdom at 1 week group 2=55); times daily, 100 mg total for mean age 5 days; Group 2: Oral (SD)=NR placebo Group 1: Phenylbutazone 23 sciatica 100 mg, 1 tablets, 6 times patients (group daily, 600 mg total for 2 United Adverse effects; Radin 1968 1=12, group days, then 1 tablet, 3 times Enolic acid States at 1 week 2=11); mean age daily, 300 mg total for 8 (SD)=NR days; Group 2: Oral placebo 90 acute back Group 1: Indomethacin 25 pain patients mg, 2 capsules, 3 times (group 1=30, daily, 150 mg total; Group Acetic group 2=30, Adverse effects; Goldie 1970 Sweden 2: Aspirin 500 mg, 2 acid; group 3=30); age at 1 week capsules, 3 times daily, Salicylates (range)=15 to 69 3000 mg total; Group 3: years; 56 % Oral placebo male Group 1: Phenylbutazone 57 sciatica 200 mg, 2 tablets, 3 times patients (group daily, 1200 mg total for 3 Use of rescue 1=28, group Weber 1980 Norway days, then 1 tablet, 3 times Enolic acid medication; at 1 2=29); mean age daily, 600 mg total for 2 week (SD)=41.0 (13.3) days; Group 2: Oral years; 54% male placebo Group 1: Naproxen Sodium 37 acute back 275 mg, 2 capsules, 2 Pain (10 cm pain patients; times daily, 1100 mg total; Propionic Berry 1982 United VAS); Adverse mean age Group 2: Diflunisal 250 mg, acid; (cross-over) Kingdom effects; at 1 (SD)=55.0 (11.8) 2 tablets, 2 times daily, Salicylates week years; 35% male 1000 mg total; Group 3: Oral placebo 30 acute back pain patients Group 1: Diflunisal 500 mg, Pain (4-point (group 1=15, Jagemann 2 tablets, once daily, 1000 scale); Disability Germany group 2=15); age Salicylates 1983 mg total; Group 2: Oral (4-point scale); (range)=18 to 57 placebo at 1 week years; 47 % male 282 acute back Group 1: Piroxicam 20 mg, Pain (100 mm pain patients 2 capsules, once daily for 2 VAS); Adverse (group 1=140, days, 40 mg total, then 1 effects; Use of Amlie 1987 Norway Enolic acid group 2=142); capsule, once daily for 5 rescue mean age=37.9 days, 20 mg total; Group 2: medication; at 1 years; 60% male Oral placebo week 89 acute back pain patients Group 1: Diflunisal 500 mg, Basmajian (group 1=44, 1 tablets, twice daily, 1000 Adverse effects; Canada Salicylates 1989 group 2=45); mg total; Group 2: Oral at 1 week mean age placebo (SD)=NR 204 sciatica Group 1: Etodolac 200 mg, patients (group 1 tablet, 3 times daily, 600 Pain (100 mm 1=74, group mg total; Group 2: VAS); Adverse Bontoux 1990 France 2=69, group Acetic acid Diclofenac 50 mg, 1 tablet, effects; at 1 and 3=71); mean age 3 times daily, 150 mg total; 5 days (SD)=45.7 (13.2) Group 3: Oral placebo years; 59% male 147 sciatica Group 1: Piroxicam 40 mg, patients (group Pain (100 mm intramuscular injection, Gendrault 1=75, group VAS); Adverse France once daily, 40 mg total; Enolic acid 1992 2=72); mean effects; at 5 Group 2: Placebo saline age=44.0 years; days injection 58% male Pain (100 mm Group 1: Piroxicam 20 mg, 214 sciatica VAS); Disability 2 capsules, once daily, 40 patients (group (RMDQ); mg total for 2 days, then 1 Weber 1993 Norway 1=120, group Enolic acid Adverse effects; capsule, once daily, 20 mg 2=94); mean Use of rescue total for 12 days; Group 2: age=48.0 years medication; at 1 Oral placebo and 4 weeks 172 back pain with or without Group 1: Diclofenac sciatica patients Sodium 75 mg, Pain (100 mm Babej-Dolle (group 1=86, intramuscular injection, Germany Acetic acid VAS); Adverse 1994 group 2=86); once daily, 75 mg total; effects; at 1 day mean age Group 2: Placebo saline (SD)=50.6 (16.3) injection years; 54% male 73 acute back Group 1: Tenoxicam 20 mg, pain patients intramuscular injection on (group 1=37, day 1, then 1 tablet, once Pain (10 cm Szpalski 1994 Belgium group 2=36); daily for 14 days, 20 mg Enolic acid VAS); at 1 week mean age total; Group 2: Matching (SD)=38.2 (9.8) intramuscular injection or years; 64% male oral placebo Group 1: Etodolac 300 mg, 194 sciatica 1 tablet, single dose, 300 Pain (100 mm patients (group mg total; Group 2: VAS); Adverse 1=67, group Acetic Tenoxicam 20 mg, effects; Use of Ghozlan 1996 France 2=66, group acid; intramuscular injection, rescue 3=61); mean age Enolic acid single dose, 20 mg total; medication; at 4 (SD)=42.0 (12.4) Group 3: Placebo saline and 12 hours years; 63% male injection 532 sciatica patients (group Group 1: Meloxicam 15 mg, 1=171, group 1 tablet, once daily, 15 mg Pain (100 mm Six 2=181, group total; Group 2: Meloxicam VAS); Adverse Dreiser 2001 Enolic acid countries 3=180); mean 7.5 mg, 1 tablet, once daily, effects; at 1 age (SD)=47.0 7.5 mg total; Group 3: Oral week (14.3) years; placebo 44% male 126 acute back pain patients Group 1: Ibuprofen 200 mg, Pain (6-point (group 1=106, United 2 tablets, 3 times daily, Propionic scale); Adverse Nadler 2002 group 2=20); States 1200 mg total; Group 2: acid effects; at 2 mean age Oral placebo days (SD)=NR; 40% male Pain (100 mm 319 chronic back VAS); Disability pain patients Group 1: Etoricoxib 90 mg, (RMDQ); (group 1=107, 1 capsule, once daily, 90 Quality of life United group 2=103, mg total; Group 2: COX-2 Birbara 2003 (SF-12); States group 3=109); Etoricoxib 60 mg, 1 inhibitor Adverse effects; mean age capsule, once daily, 60 mg Use of rescue (SD)=52.0 (13.0) total; Group 3: Oral placebo medication; at 1 years; 39% male and 12 weeks 372 acute back Group 1: Diclofenac 12.5 Pain (100 mm pain patients mg, 1 or 2 tablets, 4 to 6 VAS); Disability (group 1=124, times daily, 150 mg Acetic (RMDQ); group 2=122, maximum; Group 2: acid; Dreiser 2003 France Quality of life group 3=126); Ibuprofen 200 mg, 1 or 2 Propionic (SF-12); mean age tablets, 4 to 6 times daily, acid Adverse effects; (SD)=40.9 (11.2) 1200 mg maximum; Group at 1 week years; 49% male 3: Oral placebo 690 chronic back Pain (100 mm pain patients Group 1: Rofecoxib 50 mg, VAS); Disability (group 1=229, 1 tablet, once daily, 50 mg (RMDQ); Katz 2003 (2 United group 2=233, total; Group 2: Rofecoxib COX-2 Quality of life trials) States group 3=228); 25 mg, 1 tablet, once daily, inhibitor (SF-12); mean age 25 mg total; Group 3: Oral Adverse effects; (SD)=53.4 (13.1) placebo at 1 and 4 years; 38% male weeks 108 acute
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