DOCSLIB.ORG

A Decline in Coronary Mortality the Pill and Raised Blood Pressure

Total Page：16

File Type：pdf, Size：1020Kb

Download full-text PDF Read full-text
A Decline in Coronary Mortality the Pill and Raised Blood Pressure 58 BRITISH MEDICAL JOURNAL 10 JANUARY 1976 I Royal College of Physicians, Fluoride, Teeth and Health. London, Pitman, and pneumonia--diseases known to influence the death rate 1976. 2 The Fluoridation Studies in the United Kingdom and the Results Achieved of coronary disease.5 6 Support for this view comes from the After ElevenYears. London, DHSS, 1969. finding that the decrease in coronary deaths has been mainly Br Med J: first published as 10.1136/bmj.1.6001.58-a on 10 January 1976. Downloaded from 3 Gustafsson, B E, et al, Acta Odontologica Scandinavica, 1954, 11, 232. in the months November to February, the peak months for 4Mansbridge, J N, British Dental_Journal, 1960, 109, 343. 5 McHugh, W D, McEwen, J D, and Hitchin, A D, British Dental3Journal, mortality from respiratory disease. 1964, 117, 246. In Xustralia the decline2 3 in coronary mortality has been 6 Lindhe, J, Axelsson, P, and Tollskog, G, Community Dentistry and Oral Epidemiology, 1975, 3, 150. virtually confined to men. Unfortunately, in England and 7Axelsson, P, and Lindhe, J, Community Dentistry and Oral Epidemiology, Wales coronary mortality overall is still rising, though in men 1975,3, 156. aged under 45 the rates have shown only a slight upward 8 Stephan, R M,Jrournal of the American Dental Association, 1940, 27, 718. 9 Rugg-Gunn, A J, et al, British DentalJrournal, 1975,139, 351. trend7 since 1965. Death rates from influenza and pneumonia 10 Rapaport, I, Bulletin de l'Academie Nationale de Midecine (Paris), have not been falling here in the same way as in the USA, so 1956,140,529. that these British trends in coronary mortality do not conflict 1 Rapaport, I, Bulletin de l'Acadimie Nationale de Midecine (Paris), 1959,143,367. with the suggested explanation for the fall in N America. 12 Rapaport, I, Revue de Stomatologie (Paris), 1953, 46, 207. Among women the smaller decline in coronary deaths in 13 Waldbott, G L, Acta Medica Scandinavica, 1956,156,157. 14 Waldbott, G L, International Archives of Allergy and Applied Immunology, Australia as well as the greater increase in England and Wales 1962,20, suppl 1. as compared with men is consistent with an effect of smok- 15 Waldbott, G L, Acta Medica Scandinavica, 1963,174, suppl 400. ing, which has been increasing recently more in women than 16 Leone, N C, et al, American3Journal of Roentgenology, 1955,74, 874. 17 British Medicaljournal, 1975, 1, 535. in men. Other factors however may also be relevant, such as oral contraception.8 9 Trends in the next few years should clarify some of these uncertainties. Nevertheless, at present the prospects of an appreciable improvement in coronary mortality rates do not seem bright. A decline in coronary Statistical Bulletin, p 3. New York, Metropolitan Life Insurance Company, 1975. mortality 2 Reader, R, MedicalJoturnal of Australia, 1972, 2, supp no 1, p 3. 3Christie, D, Medical3rournal of Australia, 1974, 1, 390. 4Gordon, T, and Thom, T, Preventive Medicine, 1975, 4, 115. Even given the changes in diagnostic accuracy, death certifica- 5Collins, S D, and Lehmann, J L, Excess Deaths from Influenza and Pneu- mnonia and from Important Chronic Diseases During Epidemic Periods, tion, and classification, there has beeD an alarming rise for 1918-1951. US Department of Health, Education and Welfare, 1953. most of this century in mortality from ischaemic heart disease 6 Anderson, T W, and le Riche, W H, Lancet, 1970, 1, 291. the countries of the world. 7Registrar General's Statistical Review for 1968-73 Part 1. Medical Tables. in developed Perhaps the tide is London, HMSO, 1970-1975. beginning to turn, however, for even a pessimistic observer 8 Mann, J I, et al, British MedicalJouirnal, 1975, 2, 241. would have to allow that a recent decline in coronary mortality 9 Mann, J I, and Inman, W H W, British Medical Journal, 1975, 2, 245. has been reportedl-3 from two countries, the USA and Australia. Advocates of health education have claimed that this change reflects efforts in the last two decades to increase public awareness of the dangers of tobacco and overeating http://www.bmj.com/ and the merits of physical exercise: but there is no clear The pill and raised blood evidence to justify such claims. Indeed, the first question which must be raised is whether the decline, which is far pressure from dramatic, may be considered real. In the United States mortality from coronary heart disease, Most practitioners, and many women too, know that taking oral after increasing up to the early 1960s, was stable until 1968- contraceptives may lead to a rise in blood pressure. The risk after which all race, sex, and cohort age groups have experien- appears to be higher in women who are heavier or older or ced a small but appreciable decrease.' In 1968 there was an who have a history of hypertension in previous pregnancies or on 25 September 2021 by guest. Protected copyright. important change in the International Clas0ification of Diseases in their families-in other words, those who are more likely affecting coronary heart disease and related causes of death, to become hypertensive anyway. Severe hypertension seems and there is a theoretical possibility that the recent decrease to be rare, but one recent report1 described a patient who is an artefact. Gordon and Thom4 have recently examined developed malignant hypertension and irreversible renal that question, and they concluded that as mortality from failure when given an oral contraceptive. Hypotensive drug other cardiovascular causes has declined even more in the treatment was unsuccessful, and bilateral nephrectomy and same period it is implausible to ascribe all of the decrease later transplantation became necessary in this previously simply to the assignment of coronary deaths to other causes. normotensive 27-year-old woman. Furthermore, they also noted parallel decreases from non- Changes in the cerebral2 and coronary3 circulation are cardiovascular causes of death: in fact the only causes which known to occur in some patients given hormonal contracep- showed an increase were cancer, violence, and hepatic tives. Changes in the renal circulation have recently been cirrhosis. investigated in a remarkably thorough (albeit small) study of Welcome though this fall in coronary mortality is, its lack nine patients.4 All had developed either hypertension or renal of specificity weighs against its being due to improved treat- failure (or both) when given oral contraceptives, and all ment of myocardial infarction. Gordon and Thom believe underwent selective renal angiography and renal biopsy. Five that they have identified at least two relevant factors. Firstly, patients, normotensive before and after contraceptive therapy, there has been a steady decline in mortality from hyperten- but whose mean blood pressure during its administration was sion, an important factor in most cardiovascular diseases- substantially raised (mean 198/123 mm Hg) were shown on though mortality from hypertension was declining before angiography to have definite attenuation of peripheral renal the recent change in coronary mortality. The main reason, vessels with luminal irregularities. In three patients these vas- they suggest, is a decline since 1968 in mortality from influenza cular findings were confirmed on renal biopsy, when all five were BRITISH MEDICAL JOURNAL 10 JANUARY 1976 59 found to have periglomerular thickening and degeneration of relief of pain in inflammatory joint disease? Probably we do. renal tubular cells. Two other patients who were hypertensive Aspirin has long been recognised as the sheet anchor of drug before oral contraceptive administration suffered deterioration therapy, but nearly one-third of patients find full doses Br Med J: first published as 10.1136/bmj.1.6001.58-a on 10 January 1976. Downloaded from ofrenal function which improved on contraceptive withdrawal. unacceptable on account of dyspepsia;' and it also causes acute Both showed evidence of diffuse intravascular coagulation- gastrointestinal haemorrhage in a small proportion of patients, namely, raised blood concentrations of fibrin degradation as does indomethacin-which may also cause chronic peptic products, and intrarenal microthrombi at renal biopsy. These ulceration. Phenylbutazone and oxyphenbutazone induce have been recorded before in patients given combinedoestrogen- bone marrow depression once in every 80 000 prescriptions.2 progestogen pills.5 Two patients resembled the woman Chloroquine and hydroxychloroquine cause irreversible described by Zech and his colleagues,' in that acute oliguric retinal damage in one in every 1-2000 patients on long-term renal failure was apparently precipitated by oral contraceptives treatment.3 In Britain gold has the unenviable reputation of (again with evidence of intravascular coagulation) and there being responsible for more deaths per million prescriptions was no improvement on withdrawing the pill. Both had than any other drug.4 Practitioners still too readily resort previously had apparently normal renal function. It is tempting to corticosteroids, which were responsible in a Glasgow to attribute these changes to the process of hypertension, but, study5 6 for 500 of admissions to hospital and 12% of deaths as the authors point out, the short period of raised pressure in patients with rheumatoid arthritis. Even if it cannot be and the dissimilarity ofthe pathological changes to those found curative there is a very definite need for an effective and in essential hypertension militate against that particular safe anti-inflammatory analgesic drug for rheumatic pain. argument. How good are the new drugs ? One of the advertising claims This grisly collection of contraceptive-induced disease made for iboprufen is that it is "the best tolerated of the reinforces the opinion held by many doctors that administration available anti-rheumatic agents," and experience in Britain ofthese drugs must be as closely controlled as that ofany other supports this claim-though the drug is not quite as effective potentially hazardous therapeutic agent.
Load more

Recommended publications
  • Table S1: Sensitivity, Specificity, PPV, NPV, and F1 Score of NLP Vs. ICD for Identification of Symptoms for (A) Biome Developm
    Table S1: Sensitivity, specificity, PPV, NPV, and F1 score of NLP vs. ICD for identification of symptoms for (A) BioMe development cohort; (B) BioMe validation cohort; (C) MIMIC-III; (D) 1 year of notes from patients in BioMe calculated using manual chart review. A) Fatigue Nausea and/or vomiting Anxiety Depression NLP (95% ICD (95% CI) P NLP (95% CI) ICD (95% CI) P NLP (95% CI) ICD (95% CI) P NLP (95% CI) ICD (95% CI) P CI) 0.99 (0.93- 0.59 (0.43- <0.00 0.25 (0.12- <0.00 <0.00 0.54 (0.33- Sensitivity 0.99 (0.9 – 1) 0.98 (0.88 -1) 0.3 (0.15-0.5) 0.85 (0.65-96) 0.02 1) 0.73) 1 0.42) 1 1 0.73) 0.57 (0.29- 0.9 (0.68- Specificity 0.89 (0.4-1) 0.75 (0.19-1) 0.68 0.97 (0.77-1) 0.03 0.98 (0.83-1) 0.22 0.81 (0.53-0.9) 0.96 (0.79-1) 0.06 0.82) 0.99) 0.99 (0.92- 0.86 (0.71- 0.94 (0.79- 0.79 (0.59- PPV 0.96 (0.82-1) 0.3 0.95 (0.66-1) 0.02 0.95 (0.66-1) 0.16 0.93 (0.68-1) 0.12 1) 0.95) 0.99) 0.92) 0.13 (0.03- <0.00 0.49 (0.33- <0.00 0.66 (0.48- NPV 0.89 (0.4-1) 0.007 0.94 (0.63-1) 0.34 (0.2-0.51) 0.97 (0.81-1) 0.86 (0.6-0.95) 0.04 0.35) 1 0.65) 1 0.81) <0.00 <0.00 <0.00 F1 Score 0.99 0.83 0.88 0.57 0.95 0.63 0.82 0.79 0.002 1 1 1 Itching Cramp Pain NLP (95% ICD (95% CI) P NLP (95% CI) ICD (95% CI) P NLP (95% CI) ICD (95% CI) P CI) 0.98 (0.86- 0.24 (0.09- <0.00 0.09 (0.01- <0.00 0.52 (0.37- <0.00 Sensitivity 0.98 (0.85-1) 0.99 (0.93-1) 1) 0.45) 1 0.29) 1 0.66) 1 0.89 (0.72- 0.5 (0.37- Specificity 0.96 (0.8-1) 0.98 (0.86-1) 0.68 0.98 (0.88-1) 0.18 0.5 (0-1) 1 0.98) 0.66) 0.88 (0.69- PPV 0.96 (0.8-1) 0.8 (0.54-1) 0.32 0.8 (0.16-1) 0.22 0.99 (0.93-1) 0.98 (0.87-1) NA* 0.97) 0.98 (0.85- 0.57 (0.41- <0.00 0.58 (0.43- <0.00 NPV 0.98 (0.86-1) 0.5 (0-1) 0.02 (0-0.08) NA* 1) 0.72) 1 0.72) 1 <0.00 <0.00 <0.00 F1 Score 0.97 0.56 0.91 0.28 0.99 0.68 1 1 1 *Denotes 95% confidence intervals and P values that could not be calculated due to insufficient cells in 2x2 tables.
    [Show full text]
  • Health Reports for Mutual Recognition of Medical Prescriptions: State of Play
    The information and views set out in this report are those of the author(s) and do not necessarily reflect the official opinion of the European Union. Neither the European Union institutions and bodies nor any person acting on their behalf may be held responsible for the use which may be made of the information contained therein. Executive Agency for Health and Consumers Health Reports for Mutual Recognition of Medical Prescriptions: State of Play 24 January 2012 Final Report Health Reports for Mutual Recognition of Medical Prescriptions: State of Play Acknowledgements Matrix Insight Ltd would like to thank everyone who has contributed to this research. We are especially grateful to the following institutions for their support throughout the study: the Pharmaceutical Group of the European Union (PGEU) including their national member associations in Denmark, France, Germany, Greece, the Netherlands, Poland and the United Kingdom; the European Medical Association (EMANET); the Observatoire Social Européen (OSE); and The Netherlands Institute for Health Service Research (NIVEL). For questions about the report, please contact Dr Gabriele Birnberg ([email protected] ). Matrix Insight | 24 January 2012 2 Health Reports for Mutual Recognition of Medical Prescriptions: State of Play Executive Summary This study has been carried out in the context of Directive 2011/24/EU of the European Parliament and of the Council of 9 March 2011 on the application of patients’ rights in cross- border healthcare (CBHC). The CBHC Directive stipulates that the European Commission shall adopt measures to facilitate the recognition of prescriptions issued in another Member State (Article 11). At the time of submission of this report, the European Commission was preparing an impact assessment with regards to these measures, designed to help implement Article 11.
    [Show full text]
  • United States Patent 19 11 Patent Number: 5,366,505 Farber 45 Date of Patent: Nov
    O USOO5366505A United States Patent 19 11 Patent Number: 5,366,505 Farber 45 Date of Patent: Nov. 22, 1994 54 METHOD OF REDUCING MEDICAL 4,886,505 12/1989 Haynes et al. ...................... 604/265 DEVICE RELATED INFECTIONS 4,925,668 5/1990 Khan et al. ......................... 424/422 75 Inventor: Bruce Farber, Port Washington, OTHER PUBLICATIONS N.Y. D. G. Maki et al., Clinical Trial of a Novel Antiseptic 73 Assignee: North Shore University Hospital Central Venous Catheter, Abstracts of the 1991 Inter Research Corporation, Manhasset, science Conference on Antimicrobial Agents and Che N.Y. motherapy, p. 176 (1991). C. J. Stephens et al. Randomized Double-Blind Trial 21 Appl. No.: 35,553 Comparing the Risk of Peripheral Vein Thrombophle 22 Filed: Mar. 23, 1993 bitis (T) Between Chlorhexidine (CHA) Coated Cathe ters (C) with Uncoated Control, Abstracts of the 1991 Related U.S. Application Data Interscience Conference on Antimicrobial Agents and Chemotherapy, p. 277 (1991). 63)63 Continuation-in-Tian in-part off Ser. NoNo. 802,891, Dec.ec 6, 1991, M. Tojo et al., Isolation and Characterization of a Cap 5 sular Polysaccharide Adhesin from Staphylococcus epi 51) Int. Cli................................................ A61F 2/02 dermidis, J. Infect. Dis. 157(4): 713-722 (1987). 52 U.S. C. ....................................... 623/11; 604/265 58) Field of Search ........................ 428/413:523/112, Primary Examiner-David Isabella 623/11, 12, 1, 2; 427/2, 604/265 Attorney, Agent, or Firm-Kenyon & Kenyon 56 References Cited 57 ABSTRACT U.S. PATENT DOCUMENTS The growth of microorganisms on catheters and other 4,581,028 4/1986 Fox, Jr.
    [Show full text]
  • Fentiazac (BAN, USAN, Rinn) Preparations Mate Aluminium); 16449-54-0 (Flufenamate Aluminium)
    60 Analgesics Anti-inflammatory Drugs and Antipyretics sia after caesarean section confirmed an additive analgesic effect Fepradinol (rINN) Floctafenine (BAN, USAN, rINN) for the combination, there was no demonstrable clinical benefit ± α Floctafenina; Floctafénine; Floctafeninum; R-4318; RU-15750. compared with fentanyl alone in this patient group who expect Fépradinol; Fepradinolum. ( )- -{[(2-Hydroxy-1,1-dimethyle- N early mobilisation. However, the combination may be of greater thyl)amino]methyl}benzyl alcohol. 2,3-Dihydroxypropyl -(8-trifluoromethyl-4-quinolyl)anthrani- benefit in patients for whom early ambulation is not routine. Фепрадинол late. Флоктафенин Fentanyl has also been given by epidural injection to children for C12H19NO2 = 209.3. 7 postoperative analgesia. CAS — 63075-47-8. C20H17F3N2O4 = 406.4. Fentanyl has been tried by intrathecal injection for postoperative CAS — 23779-99-9. pain.8 ATC — N02BG04. As mentioned in Administration, Transdermal Route, above, an OH ATC Vet — QN02BG04. iontophoretic transdermal system for postoperative pain is also available.9-11 CH 3 OH 1. Mitchell RWD, Smith G. The control of acute postoperative N pain. Br J Anaesth 1989; 63: 147–58. HO O O 2. Morgan M. The rational use of intrathecal and extradural opio- H CH3 ids. Br J Anaesth 1989; 63: 165–88. OH H 3. Grass JA, et al. A randomized, double-blind, dose-response comparison of epidural fentanyl versus sufentanil analgesia af- N ter cesarean section. Anesth Analg 1997; 85: 365–71. Profile CF3 4. Swarm RA, et al. Pain treatment in the perioperative period. Fepradinol is an NSAID (p.96) that has been used topically in a N Curr Probl Surg 2001; 38: 835–920.
    [Show full text]
  • Mefenamic Acid Induced Autoimmune Hemolytic Anemia- a Case Report
    The Journal of Medical Research 2020; 6(3): 67-69 Case Report Mefenamic acid induced autoimmune hemolytic anemia- A case JMR 2020; 6(3): 67-69 report May- June ISSN: 2395-7565 Reshmi Mishra1, Sarbeswar Pradhan2, Mahendravarma Madduri Reshmi Mishra3 © 2020, All rights reserved 1 Department of Pediatrics, Kalinga Institute of Medical Sciences (KIMS), Bhubaneswar- 751024, Odisha, India www.medicinearticle.com 2 Associate Professor, Department of Pediatrics, Kalinga Institute of Medical Sciences (KIMS), Bhubaneswar- Received: 15-05-2020 751024, Odisha, India Accepted: 13-06-2020 3 2nd Year PG, Department of Pediatrics, Kalinga Institute of Medical Sciences (KIMS), Bhubaneswar- 751024, Odisha, India Abstract Immune hemolytic anemia (IHA) is an uncommon adverse effect of a wide variety of drugs. The incidence is on the rise due to the extensive use of nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAID). Mefenamic acid is the most common among NSAIDs causing AIHA by an autoimmune mechanism. We are presenting a case of three years old child presented with history dark colored urine, severe anemia, and jaundice after taking mefenamic acid for fever. Investigations revealed leucocytosis, hyperbilirubinemia, raised reticulocyte count, and negative direct Coombs test. The urinalysis demonstrated proteinuria, hematuria, and pus cell of 18-20/HPF. The urine for free hemoglobin was positive. As all the clinical, as well as investigation reports, were suggestive of the autoimmune hemolytic anemia except for the negative cooms test, the child was diagnosed to be a case of Coombs-negative autoimmune hemolytic anemia (Mefenamic induced) with urosepsis. He was managed conservatively by withdrawing the offending drug, and the latter steroid was added.
    [Show full text]
  • Vr Meds Ex01 3B 0825S Coding Manual Supplement Page 1
    vr_meds_ex01_3b_0825s Coding Manual Supplement MEDNAME OTHER_CODE ATC_CODE SYSTEM THER_GP PHRM_GP CHEM_GP SODIUM FLUORIDE A12CD01 A01AA01 A A01 A01A A01AA SODIUM MONOFLUOROPHOSPHATE A12CD02 A01AA02 A A01 A01A A01AA HYDROGEN PEROXIDE D08AX01 A01AB02 A A01 A01A A01AB HYDROGEN PEROXIDE S02AA06 A01AB02 A A01 A01A A01AB CHLORHEXIDINE B05CA02 A01AB03 A A01 A01A A01AB CHLORHEXIDINE D08AC02 A01AB03 A A01 A01A A01AB CHLORHEXIDINE D09AA12 A01AB03 A A01 A01A A01AB CHLORHEXIDINE R02AA05 A01AB03 A A01 A01A A01AB CHLORHEXIDINE S01AX09 A01AB03 A A01 A01A A01AB CHLORHEXIDINE S02AA09 A01AB03 A A01 A01A A01AB CHLORHEXIDINE S03AA04 A01AB03 A A01 A01A A01AB AMPHOTERICIN B A07AA07 A01AB04 A A01 A01A A01AB AMPHOTERICIN B G01AA03 A01AB04 A A01 A01A A01AB AMPHOTERICIN B J02AA01 A01AB04 A A01 A01A A01AB POLYNOXYLIN D01AE05 A01AB05 A A01 A01A A01AB OXYQUINOLINE D08AH03 A01AB07 A A01 A01A A01AB OXYQUINOLINE G01AC30 A01AB07 A A01 A01A A01AB OXYQUINOLINE R02AA14 A01AB07 A A01 A01A A01AB NEOMYCIN A07AA01 A01AB08 A A01 A01A A01AB NEOMYCIN B05CA09 A01AB08 A A01 A01A A01AB NEOMYCIN D06AX04 A01AB08 A A01 A01A A01AB NEOMYCIN J01GB05 A01AB08 A A01 A01A A01AB NEOMYCIN R02AB01 A01AB08 A A01 A01A A01AB NEOMYCIN S01AA03 A01AB08 A A01 A01A A01AB NEOMYCIN S02AA07 A01AB08 A A01 A01A A01AB NEOMYCIN S03AA01 A01AB08 A A01 A01A A01AB MICONAZOLE A07AC01 A01AB09 A A01 A01A A01AB MICONAZOLE D01AC02 A01AB09 A A01 A01A A01AB MICONAZOLE G01AF04 A01AB09 A A01 A01A A01AB MICONAZOLE J02AB01 A01AB09 A A01 A01A A01AB MICONAZOLE S02AA13 A01AB09 A A01 A01A A01AB NATAMYCIN A07AA03 A01AB10 A A01
    [Show full text]
  • Søgeprotokol for Nationale Kliniske Retningslinjer
    Søgeprotokol for nationale kliniske retningslinjer Projekttitel/aspekt NKR behandling af patienter med lumbal spinalstenose – Søgning efter primærlitteratur Fagkonsulent /projektleder Rikke Rousing / Maria Herlev Ahrenfeldt Søgespecialist Kirsten Birkefoss Senest opdateret 23.12.2016 Fokuserede spørgsmål Bør patienter med lumbal spinalstenose have tilbudt aktiv PICO 1: behandling i form af superviseret træning fremfor vanlig behandling? PICO 2: Bør patienter med lumbal spinalstenose have tilbudt ledmobiliserende behandling frem for vanlig behandling? PICO 3: Bør patienter med lumbal spinalstenose have tilbudt paracetamol frem for ingen smertestillende behandling? PICO 4: Bør patienter med lumbal spinalstenose have tilbudt non steroid antiinflammatorisk medicin (NSAID) frem for ingen smertestillende behandling? PICO 5: Bør patienter med lumbal spinalstenose have tilbudt smertestillende medicin i form af opioider i tillæg til eventuel behandling med svage smertestillende? PICO 6: Bør patienter med lumbal spinalstenose have tilbudt muskelrelaxantia i tillæg til eventuel behandling med svage smertestillende? PICO 7: Bør patienter med lumbaspinalstenose have tilbudt medicin for neuropatiske smerter? PICO 8: Bør patienter med lumbal spinalstenose have tilbudt kirurgisk dekompression i tilfælde af manglende effekt af ikke kirurgisk behandling? PICO 9: Bør patienter med lumbal spinalstenose have tilbudt stivgørende operation med eller uden instrumentering i tillæg til dekompression? PICO 10: Bør patienter opereret for lumbal spinalstenose tilbydes
    [Show full text]
  • And Prednisolone on Acute Inflammatory Response in the Rat
    Ann Rheum Dis: first published as 10.1136/ard.36.2.160 on 1 April 1977. Downloaded from Annals of the Rheumatic Diseases, 1977, 36, 160-165 Comparison of the effects of alclofenac, flurbiprofen, and prednisolone on acute inflammatory response in the rat J. WOODLAND, B. VERNON-ROBERTS, K. V. SWETTENHAM, AND H. L. F. CURREY From the Bone andJoint Research Unit, The London Hospital, London El JBB SUMMARY The fluid and cellular phases of the inflammatory response were measured using a technique employing subcutaneous implantation of polyurethane foam cubes impregnated with heat-killed Mycobacterium tuberculosis. Flurbiprofen and prednisolone were equipotent and were capable of almost completely suppressing fluid and cellular responses, while alclofenac was less potent at nontoxic dose levels. Study of the patterns of cellular exudation by image analysing computer showed that alclofenac appears unique in that it produces a well-defined cell-free zone between the edge ofthe implanted cubes and a band ofneutrophil polymorphs within the cubes. A model for studying the anti-inflammatory action profen, at present being developed as a new copyright. anti- of drugs in the rat has been developed in this labora- inflammatory and analgesic agent. The effects of tory (Clarke et al., 1975) using the subcutaneous both drugs have been compared with prednisolone, implantation of polyurethane cubes impregnated a known potent anti-inflammatory drug. with an irritant. When removed 5 days after im- plantation, the cubes can be analysed separately for Materials and methods the protein content of the fluid exudate and for cellular exudation. Using this method to test a Sprague-Dawley rats weighing 250-300 g were usedhttp://ard.bmj.com/ variety of drugs used in the treatment of rheumatoid throughout.
    [Show full text]
  • Analgesic Anti-Inflammatory Adhesive Preparations
    Europaisches Patentamt (19) European Patent Office Office europeeneen des brevets EP 0 71 3 697 A1 (12) EUROPEAN PATENT APPLICATION (43) Date of publication: (51) |nt Cl.e: A61K9/70 29.05.1996 Bulletin 1996/22 (21) Application number: 95307605.6 (22) Date of filing: 25.10.1995 (84) Designated Contracting States: • Orihara, Masamichi DE ES FR GB IT Minamisatama-gun Saitama-ken (JP) • Sugimoto, Yoshio (30) Priority: 26.10.1994 J P 284573/94 Saitama-ken (JP) • Yamazaki, Masaru (71) Applicant: Tokuhon Corporation Kitakatsushika-gun Saitama-ken (JP) Tokyo (JP) • Hoshino, Mitsunari Saitama-ken (JP) (72) Inventors: • Uchikawa, Masumasa • Sasaki, Yasuhiko Saitama-ken (JP) Saitama-ken (JP) • Arai, Hiroshi • Matsumura, Yukihiro Saitama-ken (JP) Saitama-ken (JP) • Imai, Susumu (74) Representative: Thomas, Roger Tamlyn et al Kitatsushika-gun Saitama-ken (JP) D. Young & Co. • Tooyama, Tetsuhiro 21 New Fetter Lane Saitama-ken (JP) London EC4A 1 DA (GB) (54) Analgesic anti-inflammatory adhesive preparations (57) A non-steroidal analgesic anti-inflammatory phenylyl)propionic acid and a modified copolymer in adhesive preparation obtained by coating one surface which methylmethacrylate is allowed to graft-polymer- of support with an adhesive containing S-(+)-2- ize on said copolymer, or with an adhesive containing ( 2-fluoro-4-biphenylyl)propionic acid and a styrene-iso- S-(+)-2-(2-fluoro-4-biphenylyl) propionic acid, sodium prene-styrene block copolymer or S-(+)-2-(2-fluor-4-bi- carboxymethyl cellulose and sodium polyacrylate. Is- O) CO CO o a. LU Printed by Jouve, 75001 PARIS (FR) EP 0 713 697 A1 Description The present invention concerns a non-steroidal analgesic anti-inflammatory adhesive preparation which contains as the pharmacologically effective component S-(+)-2-(2-fluoro-4-biphenylyl) propionic acid [abbreviated S-(+)-FP 5 hereinafter] which may be optically resolved from the racemic form 2-(2-fluoro-4-biphenylyl) propionic acid (also called: flurbiprofen).
    [Show full text]
  • United States Patent (19) 11 Patent Number: 5,192,753 Mcgeer Et Al
    USOO5192753A United States Patent (19) 11 Patent Number: 5,192,753 McGeer et al. 45 Date of Patent: Mar. 9, 1993 54 ANTI-RHEUMATOID ARTHRITIC DRUGS mentia: Prevalance and Incidence', In: B. Reisberg (ed) N THE TREATMENT OF DEMENTIA Alzheimer's Disease, The Free Press, 1983, 141-148. 76 Inventors: Patrick L. McGeer, 4727 West 2nd R. Sulkava, J. Wikstrom, A. Aromaa et al., "Prevalence Ave., Vancouver, B. C., Canada, of Severe Dementia in Finland’, Neurology 1985; 35: V6T Cl; Joseph Rogers, 7646 W. 1025-1029. Julie Dr., Glendale, Ariz. 85308; S. Itagaki, P. L. McGeer, H. Akiyama, "Presence of John Sibley, 87 Leddy Crescent, T-cytotoxic Suppressor and Leucocyte Common Anti Saskatoon, Saskatchewan, Canada, gen Positive Cells in Alzheimer's Disease Brain Tissue", S7H 3Y9; Edith McGeer, 4727 West Neuroscience Letters 1988; 91: 259-264. 2nd Ave., Vancouver, B.C., Canada, J. Rogers, J. Luber-Narod, S. D. Styren, and W. H. V6T 1C Civin, "Expression of Immune System-Associated An tigens By Cells of the Human Central Nervous System: (21) Appl. No.: 689,499 Relationship to the Pathology of Alzheimer's Disease" (22 Filed: Apr. 23, 1991 Neurobiology of Aging, 1988, vol. 9. 339-349. 51 Int. Cl. ................... A61K 31/60; A61K 31/615; P. L. McGeer, H. Akiyama, S. Itagaki, and E. G. A61K 31/54; A61K 31/44; A61K 3/425; McGeer, "Immune System Response in Alzheimer's A61K 31/42; A61K 31/415, A61K 31/40; Disease', The Canadian Journal of Neurological Sci A61K 31/38; A61K 31/195; A61K 31/19 ences 1989; 16:56-527.
    [Show full text]
  • Pharmaceutical Compositions Containing Non-Steroidal Anti-Inflammatory Drugs
    Europaisches Patentamt J European Patent Office © Publication number: 0 259 047 Office europeen des brevets A1 s EUROPEAN PATENT APPLICATION © Application number: 87307246.6 © int. CIA A61K 45/06 A61 , K 31/60 , A61K 31/405, © Date of filing: 17.0&87 //(A61 K31/60,31 :1 85),(A61 K31/- 405,31:185) ® Priority: 18.08.86 GB 8620073 © Applicant: DELANDALE LABORATORIES LIMITED © Date of publication of application: Delandale House 37 Old Dover Road 09.03.88 Bulletin 88/10 Canterbury Kent CT1 3JF(GB) © Designated Contracting States: @ inventor: Trigger, David John AT BE CH DE ES FR GB GR IT LI LU NL SE 74 Mountbatten Way Brabourne Lees Ashford Kent TN25 6PU(GB) © Representative: Paget, Hugh Charles Edward etal MEWBURN ELUS & CO. 2/3 Cursitor Street London EC4A 1BQ(GB) © Pharmaceutical compositions containing non-steroidal anti-Inflammatory drugs. © A pharmaceutical composition for treating an inflammatory condition contains a non-steroidal anti-inflam- matory drug (NSAID) and a physiologically acceptable aromatic hydroxysulphonic acid. The two components may be for simultaneousr separate or sequential use. Administration of the two components, for example of aspirin with ethamsylate, reduces the damage which the NSAID does to the gastrointestinal tract while having no deleterious effect on the anti-inflammatory activity. s in cm Q. LU Xerox Copy Centre 0 259 047 PHARMACEUTICAL COMPOSITIONS CONTAINING NON-STEROIDAL ANTI-INFLAMMATORY DRUGS The present invention relates to pharmaceutical compositions containing aspirin or other non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs). The non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs are a group of compounds which inhibit the biosynthesis of prostaglandins.
    [Show full text]
  • Ibuprofen (Oral Route) Description and Brand Names ­ Mayo Clinic
    4/6/2017 Ibuprofen (Oral Route) Description and Brand Names ­ Mayo Clinic Drugs and Supplements Ibuprofen (Oral Route) Description and Brand Names Drug information provided by: Micromedex US Brand Name Addaprin Canadian Brand Name Advil Actiprofen A­G Profen Descriptions Advil Childrens Bufen Advil Pediatric Genpril Ibuprofen is a nonsteroidal anti­ Childrens Motrin inflammatory drug (NSAID) used to treat Haltran Childrens Motrin Berry Flavor mild to moderate pain, and helps to Ibu relieve symptoms of arthritis Childrens Motrin Bubble Gum Flavor Ibu­2 (osteoarthritis, rheumatoid arthritis, or Childrens Motrin Grape Flavor juvenile arthritis), such as inflammation, Ibu­200 Equate Childrens Ibuprofen ­ Berry swelling, stiffness, and joint pain. This Ibu­4 Equate Childrens Ibuprofen ­ Berry ­ Dye Freemedicine does not cure arthritis and will Ibu­6 help you only as long as you continue to Infants Motrin Ibu­8 take it . Personnelle Childrens Ibuprofen ­ Berry Ibuprohm In addition, ibuprofen can be used to Personnelle Childrens Ibuprofen ­ Grape Ibu­Tab treat fever, menstrual cramps, and other conditions as determined by your doctor I­Prin . Midol This medicine is available both over­the­counter (OTC) and with your doctor's Motrin prescription . Nuprin This product is available in the following dosage forms: Proprinal Q­Profen Suspension Tablet http://www.mayoclinic.org/drugs­supplements/ibuprofen­oral­route/description/drg­20070602?p=1 1/18 4/6/2017 Ibuprofen (Oral Route) Description and Brand Names ­ Mayo Clinic Capsule, Liquid Filled Tablet, Chewable Capsule Before Using In deciding to use a medicine, the risks of taking the medicine must be weighed against the good it will do.
    [Show full text]