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CHEMICAL HERITAGE FOUNDATION NORMAN HACKERMAN Transcript of an Interview Conducted by James J. Bohning at University of Texas At

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CHEMICAL HERITAGE FOUNDATION NORMAN HACKERMAN Transcript of an Interview Conducted by James J. Bohning at University of Texas At CHEMICAL HERITAGE FOUNDATION NORMAN HACKERMAN Transcript of an Interview Conducted by James J. Bohning at University of Texas at Austin on 8 February 1995 (With Subsequent Additions and Corrections) ACKNOWLEDGEMENT This oral history is one in a series initiated by The Chemical Heritage Foundation, on behalf of The Electrochemical Society. The series documents the personal perspectives of key actors in The Electrochemical Society and records the human dimensions of the growth of the Society during the twentieth century. This project is made possible through the generosity of The Electrochemical Society. NORMAN HACKERMAN 1912 Born in Baltimore, Maryland, on 2 March Education 1932 A.B., chemistry, Johns Hopkins University 1935 Ph.D., chemistry, Johns Hopkins University Professional Experience 1935-1939 Assistant Professor of Chemistry, Loyola College 1936-1940 Research Chemist, Colloid Corporation 1939-1941 Assistant Chemist, United States Coast Guard 1941-1943 Assistant Professor of Chemistry, Virginia Polytechnic Institute 1944-1945 Research Chemist, Kellex Corporation University of Texas at Austin 1945-1946 Assistant Professor of Chemistry 1946-1950 Associate Professor of Chemistry 1948-1961 Director, Corrosion Research Laboratory 1950-1970 Professor of Chemistry 1952-1961 Chairman, Chemistry Department 1960-1961 Dean of Research and Sponsored Programs 1961-1963 Vice President and Provost 1963-1967 Vice Chancellor for Academic Affairs 1967-1970 President 1985- Professor Emeritus of Chemistry Rice University 1970-1985 President 1970-1985 Professor of Chemistry 1985- President Emeritus 1985- Distinguished Professor Emeritus of Chemistry The Robert A. Welch Foundation 1982- Chairman, Scientific Advisory Board Honors 1956 Whitney Award, National Association of Corrosion Engineers 1964 Joseph L. Mattiello Award 1965 Palladium Medal, The Electrochemical Society 1965 Southwest Regional Award, American Chemical Society 1972 LL.D., St. Edwards University 1975 D.Sc., Austin College 1975 Honor Scroll, Texas Institute of Chemists 1978 D.Sc., Texas Christian University 1978 LL.D., Abilene Christian University 1978 Gold Medal, American Institute of Chemists 1981 Mirabeau B. Lamar Award, Association of Texas Colleges and Universities 1982 Distinguished Alumnus Award, Johns Hopkins University 1984 Edward Goodrich Acheson Award, The Electrochemical Society 1984 Alumni Gold Medal for Distinguished Service, Rice University 1987 Charles Lathrop Parsons Award 1987 AAAS-Philip Hauge Abelson Prize 1993 Vannevar Bush Award, National Science Board 1993 Doctor of Public Service, University of North Texas 1993 National Medal of Science ABSTRACT In this, his third of three interviews with James J. Bohning of the Chemical Heritage Foundation, Norman Hackerman begins by reviewing the origins of his association with The Electrochemical Society [ECS], which was related to his interest in the oxygen electrode as a student. He recalls his first paper, presented at an ECS conference and published in the Transactions of the American Electrochemical Society, and the first colleagues he met at this ECS meeting. He next describes the character of The ECS at that time, comparing it with the American Chemical Society [ACS], as well as the origins of the society’s journal and his involvement in publication and editorial activities. Hackerman touches briefly upon his committee work before examining the growth, structure, membership, and functions of The ECS during his appointments. Finally he describes achievements and obstacles during his tenure as Vice President and then President, and his view of the Society’s influence on electrochemistry and related fields. INTERVIEWER James J. Bohning is Professor of Chemistry Emeritus at Wilkes University, where he was a faculty member from 1959 to 1990. He served there as chemistry department chair from 1970 to 1986 and environmental science department chair from 1987 to 1990. He was chair of the American Chemical Society’s Division of the History of Chemistry in 1986, received the Division’s outstanding paper award in 1989, and presented more than twenty-five papers before the Division at national meetings of the Society. He has been on the advisory committee of the Society’s National Historic Chemical Landmarks committee since its inception in 1992. He developed the oral history program of the Chemical Heritage Foundation beginning in 1985, and was the Foundation’s Director of Oral History from 1990 to 1995. He currently writes for the American Chemical Society News Service. TABLE OF CONTENTS 1 Early Years in The Electrochemical Society Research at Johns Hopkins University. Association with The Electrochemical Society. First paper. Colleagues in The ECS. 7 Publications and The Journal of the Electrochemical Society Appointment as Chairman of Publication Committee. Appointment as Technical Editor, then Editor of journal. Evolution of journal. Editorial system of journal. 11 Other Early ECS Activities Palladium Medal. Chairman of the Corrosion Division of The ECS. Role in initiating Electrochemical Technology journal. Growth in membership of The ECS. Nature of membership and Society in general. 18 Vice President and President of The Electrochemical Society Influence, accomplishments, and problems as President of The ECS. Relationship of The ECS to other societies. The ECS's contributions to electrochemistry. 28 Notes 29 Index INTERVIEWER: James J. Bohning INTERVIEWEE: Norman Hackerman LOCATION: University of Texas at Austin DATE: 8 February 1995 BOHNING: As I indicated, this particular interview is designed by The Electrochemical Society as part of a series on past presidents (1). We have an agenda that you have in front of you that I'd just like to go through (2), beginning with your origins of interest in electrochemistry. You and I have talked about that briefly before, but maybe we could just review that for this purpose. HACKERMAN: Yes. Well, let me give you a little background. At the time I was at Hopkins [Johns Hopkins University], you may have read someplace that there was a deep depression, [laughter] so it seemed desirable to get out of the university, although I did get my degree in three years. But I was researching two problems. One problem had to do with electrokinetic potentials—the electrophoresis problem. Another one had to do with sulfur monochloride, not related to electrochemistry. Somewhere along the line I got interested in why the oxygen electrode wasn't reversible. You still can't make a reversible oxygen electrode. I tried to do things with graphite. Had I known about fullerenes, I might have used them, but I got interested in electrochemistry by virtue of this irreversibility of the oxygen electrode. That was in about 1935-1936. It was followed by an early interest in some corrosion problems, which came, I think, from a consultancy arrangement; I'm not sure about that. It was about that time that I became aware of The Electrochemical Society. BOHNING: Was that through a professor, or were you aware when you were still a student? HACKERMAN: I was still a student, and just transferring into the non-student category. I was finishing. I really can't remember whether Dr. Walter A. Patrick, the fellow with whom I worked, was aware of The Electrochemical Society or not. The other people on the faculty I know were not. He might have been. I suspect it was because I began looking in abstracts to see what I could find out about the oxygen electrode, and I saw numerous references to the Transactions of the American Electrochemical Society, as it was then called. That's what I think is the origin. 1 BOHNING: Okay. HACKERMAN: I can't remember an electrochemist in my student background, so it was probably self-induced in the second half of the 1930s. It was instigated by this oxygen electrode problem. BOHNING: When did you first join the Society? HACKERMAN: It was in the forties. Again, I'm finding it difficult to remember whether it was before I came to this place, the University of Texas, or not, but I think the first paper I published came out of here in 1946. Now, I remember that pretty well, because I was interested in the passivity of chromium. The paper was called something like, "The Electrolytic Corrosion of Chromium," (3) something like that. It was in the Transactions of the American Electrochemical Society, 1946. The student was Don Marshall, D. I. Marshall. That's the first tangible evidence I have of being in the Society, but I really can't tell. I know I joined before that because, as I say, I've been in 50 years. BOHNING: That would be 1944 or earlier. HACKERMAN: Yes. At least 1944 or earlier. I developed a fairly good interest in corrosion while I was at VPI [Virginia Polytechnic Institute] in 1940, 1941, 1942, part of 1943. So I probably joined at that time. I do remember that chromium paper because—I'm getting a little recall—it was the first paper I delivered on my own. I was the chief in this case. I came from Austin because I used the Southern Pacific Railroad through San Antonio to New Orleans and then Birmingham. The meeting was in Birmingham, Alabama. The format at that time was the format that the Faraday Society was using. You presented a paper, there was discussion afterwards, and then the whole thing appeared as a Transaction. That was the only way you could publish it with The Electrochemical Society. BOHNING: Didn't the paper have to be submitted and written in advance? HACKERMAN: It had to be submitted in order to go onto the program. 2 BOHNING: Okay. HACKERMAN: Some peer review process compared it or something, but you couldn't just submit it to the journal, because there was no journal at the time. I can remember a long train ride, and I can remember talking to the fellow at the University of Alabama who had reported the discovery of element 87, Alabamium. The same guy did Virginium and Alabamium, I think. Do you remember 85 and 87? He turned out to have been wrong.
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