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Open Access Publishing: a Paradigm Shift for Future Knowledge Dissemination

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Open Access Publishing: a Paradigm Shift for Future Knowledge Dissemination 5/31/2018 OPEN ACCESS PUBLISHING: A PARADIGM SHIFT FOR FUTURE KNOWLEDGE DISSEMINATION David W. Lowenberg, MD Clinical Professor Stanford University School of Medicine Daniella Lowenberg Product Manager and Senior Analyst, CALIFORNIA DIGITAL LIBRARY University of California, Office of the President Publishing Landscape: A Monopoly • There are about 10,000 publishers • But, 5 Publisher CONGLOMERATES control most research output • Elsevier, Springer‐Nature, Sage, Wiley‐Blackwell, Taylor & Francis • 1973: 20% of all publications • 1996: 30% of all publications • 2013: >50% of all publications Publishing Landscape: A Monopoly • Publishing: 9.4 billion in revenue (2011) • “The Big 5” spend a fortune lobbying to preserve the status quo. 1 5/31/2018 It’s time to publish and you have a choice… Open Access “Authors of accepted peer reviewed articles have the choice to pay a fee to allow perpetual unrestricted online access.” What is Open Access (OA) PUBLISHING? History of OPEN ACCESS PUBLISHING • Late 1990s: Rise of internet and online journals • 1997: The Scholarly Publishing and Academic Resources Coalition (SPARC) formed by Harold Varmus while head of NIH. • 1999: Harold Varmus (NIH) called for an on‐line, open access site for the free dissemination of academic publications …. e‐biomed • 2000: e‐biomed became PubMed Central • 2000: Biomed Central (owned by Springer) launched as an open access publisher 2 5/31/2018 History of OPEN ACCESS PUBLISHING • 2001: Founders of PLOS wrote an open letter to scientific community THE PLOS “OPEN LETTER” “WE SUPPORT THE ESTABLISHMENT OF AN ONLINE PUBLIC LIBRARY THAT WOULD PROVIDE THE FULL CONTENTS OF THE PUBLISHED RECORD OF RESEARCH AND SCHOLARLY DISCLOSURE IN MEDICINE AND THE LIFE SCIENCES IN A FREELY ACCESSIBLE, FULLY SEARCHABLE INTERLINKED FORM. …. WE BELIEVE, HOWEVER, THAT THE PERMANENT, ARCHIVAL RECORD OF SCIENTIFIC RESEARCH AND IDEAS SHOULD NEITHER BE OWNED OR CONTROLLED BY PUBLISHERS, BUT SHOULD BELONG TO THE PUBLIC, AND SHOULD BE FREELY AVAILABLE THROUGH AN INTERNATIONAL ONLINE PUBLIC LIBRARY.” History of OPEN ACCESS PUBLISHING • 2002: Global statement at Budapest Open Access Initiative • 2003: PLOS begins as advocacy for open access and the first large scale, NOT FOR PROFIT, Open Access Publisher. 3 5/31/2018 Open Access Publishing Now • 11,169 journals that have OA as an option • 21% of human and animal studies are in PubMed Central • 28% of scholarly literature is OA So, why is this a new technology to be talking about? • Because publishers still have a stranglehold on our research and knowledge dissemination, and the status quo has adversely affected us as researchers. 4 5/31/2018 Why You As A Surgeon Should Care About OA 1. For financial reasons 2. For the ADVANCEMENT OF GLOBAL SCIENCE 3. For the promotion of your career OA Finances: Funders • Funders (i.e. NIH) require open access • Funders want to see a bigger return on their investment OA Finances: Institutions • Institutions are spending BETWEEN $1-50 MILLION A YEAR FOR LICENSING • Institutions are implementing OA policies and have OA funds 5 5/31/2018 OA FINANCES: U.S. INSTITUTIONS • WHAT IS YOUR INSTITUTION PAYING EACH YEAR?? • TALK AMONG UNIVERSITIES THAT THEY WILL FOLLOW SUIT WITH GERMANY. • PLAN WOULD BE TO USE THE FUNDS TO PAY FOR ALL ASSOCIATED OA COSTS WITH THESE FREED-UP FUNDS. OA FINANCES: COUNTRIES JUMPING ON BOARD • This week the Swedish Government announced it was cancelling the licensing agreement with Elsevier on its 1,900 JOURNALS beginning June 30, 2018. • Swedish researchers and Institutions publish ~4,000 articles/year in Elsevier Journals. • Sweden spent 13.3 million euros in publishing and licensing fees to Elsevier in 2017. • Sweden’s Library system and scientific institutions spent 35 million euros to publishers in 2017 for licensing agreements. Closed access publishing inhibits and limits use and reach of research 6 5/31/2018 Closed access publishing is not globally accessible Can cost anywhere between $25 to over $265 to access Open Access Publishing Broadens Your Reach 1. Publishing OA increases citation and download rate • SPARC (Scholarly Publishing and Academic Resources Coalition) found 74 papers through 2015 showing evidence of this. • This is quite important for all at academic institutions where this is an issue for promotion. 2. Publishing OA allows for us to re‐use our intellectual property as we wish. • We decide how we want to manage and use our work. Open Access Publishing Broadens Your Reach 3. We as authors keep copyright of our work. • We are not then giving our work away to be used without our control by an international for‐profit corporation. 7 5/31/2018 Open Knowledge is the Future • This will directly benefit us as orthopaedists and like it or not, is the future • The NIH, NSF, DOD and Private Funders (i.e. Gates Foundation, Howard Hughes Foundation) are now requiring that granted works data be housed in Data Repositories to allow for the open access and usage of the data used in scientific studies. • This is where when you open up an article you can also access the raw data for review ………… it is termed Open Data. • Working the logistics of this out now represents the current issue of 2018 in this field. THE BOTTOM LINE • GLOBAL ACCESS TO RESEARCH MEANS GLOBAL ACCESS TO BETTER HEALTHCARE: THROUGH OPEN ACCESS, YOUR WORK REACHES MORE CLINICIANS AND RESEARCHERS, AND PRODUCE BETTER PATIENT OUTCOMES BY REMOVING THE FINANCIAL BARRIER TO KNOWLEDGE. THANK YOU 8.
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