Performance of Posttensioned Seismic Retrofit of Two Stone Masonry Buildings During the Canterbury Earthquakes
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The Mw 6.3 Christchurch, New Zealand Earthquake of 22 February 2011
THE MW 6.3 CHRISTCHURCH, NEW ZEALAND EARTHQUAKE OF 22 FEBRUARY 2011 A FIELD REPORT BY EEFIT THE CHRISTCHURCH, NEW ZEALAND EARTHQUAKE OF 22 FEBRUARY 2011 A FIELD REPORT BY EEFIT Sean Wilkinson Matthew Free Damian Grant David Boon Sarah Paganoni Anna Mason Elizabeth Williams Stuart Fraser Jenny Haskell Earthquake Field Investigation Team Institution of Structural Engineers 47 - 58 Bastwick Street London EC1V 3PS Tel 0207235 4535 Fax 0207235 4294 Email: [email protected] June 2011 The Mw 6.2 Christchurch Earthquake of 22 February 2011 1 CONTENTS ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS 3 1. INTRODUCTION 4 2. REGIONAL TECTONIC AND GEOLOGICAL SETTING 6 3. SEISMOLOGICAL ASPECTS 12 4. NEW ZEALAND BUILDING STOCK AND DESIGN PRACTICE 25 5. PERFORMANCE OF BUILDINGS 32 6. PERFORMANCE OF LIFELINES 53 7. GEOTECHNICAL ASPECTS 62 8. DISASTER MANAGEMENT 96 9. ECONOMIC LOSSES AND INSURANCE 108 10. CONCLUSIONS 110 11. REFERENCES 112 APPENDIX A: DETAILED RESIDENTIAL DAMAGE SURVEY 117 The Mw 6.2 Christchurch Earthquake of 22 February 2011 2 ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS The authors would like to express their thanks to the many individuals and organisations that have assisted with the EEFIT mission to Christchurch and in the preparation of this report. We thank Arup for enabling Matthew Free to attend this mission and the British Geological Survey for allowing David Boon to attend. We would also like to thank the Engineering and Physical Sciences Research Council for providing funding for Sean Wilkinson, Damian Grant, Elizabeth Paganoni and Sarah Paganoni to join the team. Their continued support in enabling UK academics to witness the aftermath of earthquakes and the effects on structures and the communities they serve is gratefully acknowledged. -
The Versatility of Concrete
The Versatility of Concrete Taking the versatility of concrete to mean its ‘adaptability to a wide variety of purposes’, this paper looks at what it is about concrete that lends itself to varied uses and how those many uses reflect concrete’s character By Edwin A.R. Trout, manager of Information Services, The Concrete Society hat there are many and varied uses for concrete and steel in the British Empire, it is progress of concrete in the UK: It is 30 years concrete is indicated by the ‘Little book of hoped that its pages will not only be of interest since reinforced concrete was first used in this Tconcrete’ 1, a marketing document issued country, and during that comparatively brief and of use to those already directly and by British Precast around four years ago, indirectly concerned with the subject under space of time it has steadily advanced to a which sets out 100 advantages gained by using review, but that by their advocacy of what is leading position among the materials of concrete. In the introduction its compiler writes practical and economical in civil and construction. …For nearly every class of of concrete: It is the most commonly used architectural engineering, they will also compel engineering structure, it has become the building material in the world; yet we take what the attention of those who may still be holding standard form of construction and the revision it does for granted – too often this means that aloof from the application of the modern of the Building Acts and bye-laws which is now much of what concrete can offer is overlooked . -
Assessment of Concrete Structures After Fire
Assessment of concrete structures after fire Joakim Albrektsson, Mathias Flansbjer, Jan Erik Lindqvist and Robert Jansson SP Technical Research Institute of Sweden Brandforsk project number: 301-091 Fire Technology SP Report 2011:19 Assessment of concrete structures after fire Joakim Albrektsson, Mathias Flansbjer, Jan Erik Lindqvist and Robert Jansson 3 Abstract After a fire incident the first question from a structural point of view is whether the construction can be refurbished or, in extreme cases, needs to be replaced. The choice of action must be based on an assessment of the status of the structure. This assessment is in turn based on a mapping of damage to the construction. The mapping of damage needs to be accurate to optimise both the safety level and the best solution from an economic point of view. The work presented in this report is divided into a literature study of commonly used traditional methods to conduct such a “mapping of damage” and an experimental part where several traditional methods are compared to a new methodology which has been developed for such applications in this project. The traditional assessment methods included in the experimental part of the report are: rebound hammer, ultrasonic pulse measurements and microscopy methods. These are compared to optical full-field strain measurements during a compressive load cycle on drilled cores, i.e. the new method proposed to determine the degree of damage in a fire exposed cross-section. Based on the results from the present study an approach with two levels of complexity is recommended. The initial level is to perform an inspection and determine the development, size and spread pattern of the fire (if possible). -
Cathedral Working Group Recommendation Report
CATHEDRAL WORKING GROUP RECOMMENDATION REPORT NOVEMBER 2016 Released by the Minister supporting Greater Christchurch Regeneration This document and its contents are confidential and shall not be distributed, published, copied or reproduced without the express written permission of the Minister Supporting Greater Christchurch Regeneration and the Church Property Trustees. VERSION ISSUE DATE REASON FOR ISSUE AUTHOR APPROVED FOR ISSUE 1 28.10.16 Draft for Review Bianca Hurrell, RCP Marcus Read, RCP 2 31.10.16 Draft to include Bianca Hurrell, RCP Marcus Read, RCP comments from Working Group Chair Regeneration 3 01.11.16 Edited and Proofed Anna Komink, Axiom Marcus Read, RCP Final Draft to CWG / Bianca Hurrell, RCP 4 07.11.16 Updates following Bianca Hurrell, RCP / Marcus Read, RCP / CWG meeting Anna Komink, Axiom Geoff Dangerfield, CWG Christchurch 5 21.11.16 Updates as Geoff Dangerfield, Geoff Dangerfield, provided to CWG CWG / Marcus Read, CWG / Marcus Read, for review RCP RCP 6 24.11.16 Final Draft providedGreater Geoff Dangerfield, Marcus Read, RCP / to CWG for review CWG / Marcus Read, Geoff Dangerfield, RCP CWG 7 25.11.16 Final Copy Geoff Dangerfield, Geoff Dangerfield, CWG / Marcus Read, CWG / Marcus Read, RCP RCP supporting Minister the by Released ii CONTENTS 1.0 Executive Summary 1 2.0 Recommendations 7 3.0 Introduction 9 4.0 Background and Context 12 5.0 Values and Requirements of the ChristChurch Cathedral 13 6.0 Heritage and Archaeological Review Regeneration16 7.0 Structural Review 21 8.0 Regeneration of the Square 27 9.0 Delivery -
CSS07-03 Cover.Eps
Report No. CSS07-03 April 30, 2007 Discovering Institutional Drivers and Barriers to Sustainable Concrete Construction Peter Arbuckle Discovering Institutional Drivers and Barriers to Sustainable Concrete Construction By: Peter Arbuckle A project submitted in partial fulfillment of requirements for the degree of Master of Science (Natural Resources and Environment) University of Michigan Ann Arbor April 30, 2007 Faculty Advisors: Dr. Greg Keoleian, Associate Professor Dr. Michael Lepech, Post-doctoral Fellow Dr. Thomas Princen, Associate Professor A report of the Center for Sustainable Systems Report No. CSS07-03 Document Description DISCOVERING INSTITUTIONAL BARRIERS AND OPPORTUNITIES FOR SUSTAINABLE CONCRETE CONSTRUCTION Peter Arbuckle Center for Sustainable Systems, Report No. CSS07-03 University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan April 30, 2007 106 pp., 11 tables, 35 figures, 3 appendices This document is available online at: http://css.snre.umich.edu Center for Sustainable Systems School of Natural Resources and Environment University of Michigan 440 Church Street, Dana Building Ann Arbor, MI 48109-1041 Phone: 734-764-1412 Fax: 734-647-5841 Email: [email protected] Web: http://css.snre.umich.edu © Copyright 2007 by the Regents of the University of Michigan Abstract Using industry standards to commodify cement beginning in 1904, the cement and concrete industry surrendered control of their product to the market and the concrete industry as a whole developed a technocratic and conservative culture. Both industry standards and the culture which they have created have had lasting impacts on the industry with respect to innovation and potentially more sustainable concrete construction. Industry standards and project specifications have institutionalized concrete optimized for high early strength and rapid construction rather than durability. -
Services Integration with Concrete Buildings
Services Integration with Concrete Buildings Guidance for a defect-free interface By Roderic Bunn, Deryk Simpson and Stephen White Interface Engineering Publications is a Co-Construct initiative supported by What is Co-Construct? Co-Construct is a network of five leading construction research and information organisations - Concrete Society, BSRIA, CIRIA, TRADA and SCI - who are working together to produce a single point of communication for construction professionals. BSRIA covers all aspects of mechanical and electrical services in buildings, including heating, air conditioning, and ventilation. Its services to industry include information, collaborative research, consultancy, testing and certification. It also has a worldwide market research and intelligence group, and offers hire calibration and sale of instruments to the industry. The Construction Industry Research and Information Association (CIRIA ) works with the construction industry to develop and implement best practice, leading to better performance. CIRIA's independence and wide membership base makes it uniquely placed to bring together all parties with an interest in improving performance. The Concrete Society is renowned for providing impartial information and technical reports on concrete specification and best practice. The Society operates an independent advisory service and offers networking through its regions and clubs. The Steel Construction Institute (SCI) is an independent, international, member- based organisation with a mission to develop and promote the effective use of steel in construction. SCI promotes best practice through a wide range of training courses, publications, and a members advisory service. It also provides internet- based information resources. TRADA provides timber information, research and consultancy for the construction industry. The fully confidential range of expert services extends from strategic planning and market analysis through to product development, technical advice, training and publications. -
Canterbury Wellbeing Index, September 2016, Section 11
Canterbury Wellbeing Index People participate in and attend the arts 2016 The Canterbury Wellbeing Index tracks the progress of social recovery in greater Christchurch following the earthquakes using indicators to identify emerging social trends and issues. Why is it important for people to be involved in the arts? People attend and participate in the arts for pleasure, creative expression, personal growth, and learning. Through participation in the arts, people are able to establish social ties and connect with their own and other cultures. When individuals gain such advantages, the wider public also benefits. For example, cultures have greater empathy and understanding towards each other and communities are more able to express and create common values and identity.1 In addition, the arts promote broad social, cultural and economic goals, such as economic growth and better academic performance. New Zealanders support the arts strongly. In a 2014 survey, carried out by Creative New Zealand, 78 per cent of respondents agreed that arts help define who we are as New Zealanders and 74 per cent agreed that the arts contribute positively to our economy. Respondents agreed that their community would be poorer without the arts (69 per cent) and supported public funding of the arts (74 per cent).2 Research in 2014 also found that 99 per cent of adults in Christchurch had been to at least one cultural event or place within the previous three years.3 This proportion is slightly higher than the national average of 98 per cent. A literature review of research evaluating arts and cultural initiatives post-earthquakes in Christchurch found a number of positive impacts on community wellbeing, including on people’s physical and mental health, community resilience, and urban identity. -
Cheryl Lucas New Pots for Old
Cheryl Lucas New Pots for Old am constantly fascinated by the ways in which artists respond to external challenges. But no-one expects encounters such as those faced by residents of the city of Christchurch in the South Island of New Zealand when it was shaken by a series of massive and destructive Iearthquakes. These centred on the outskirts of the city in September 2010, in Christchurch itself in February 2011 and the neighbouring port of Lyttelton on Banks Peninsula in June 2011. All had repercussions in the wider region, and were followed by well over 14,000 aftershocks. Since that time, Cheryl Lucas, a well-known ceramics artist working in Lyttelton, has adapted her making skills to enable the hand production of roof finials, decorative tiles, bricks and chimney pots to replace originals lost from some of the city’s heritage buildings. While Māori have inhabited Aotearoa New Zealand for at least 1000 years, European colonisation was comparatively recent, starting early in the 19th century. Nonetheless, many buildings from that time and in subsequent decades are valued for their history; this is Grace Cochrane describes the particularly relevant for Christchurch as in 1856 it was the first New Zealand settlement reconstruction of chimneys in the to be designated a city. aftermath of the New Zealand Dozens of buildings were destroyed or severely damaged during the earthquakes earthquakes and by the consequent effects of liquefaction, where water-soaked layers of sand and silt beneath the surface squirted through cracks of the ground, further destabilising it and wrecking buildings above. In 2012 it was reported that “To date, 174 of the 585 listed heritage buildings in Christchurch . -
Nscsep17digi.Pdf
www.newsteelconstruction.com Regenerating Liverpool Vol 25 No 8 September 2017 Vol High-rise lifts Elephant & Castle Complex services accommodated Steel married with wrought iron Leisure boost for County Down In this issue Cover Image Highpoint crown steelwork, London Main client: Newington Butts Developments Design Architect: Rogers Stirk Harbour + Associates Delivery Architect: Axis Main contractor: Mace Structural engineer: AKT II Steelwork contractor: Bourne Steel Steel tonnage: 55.5t September 2017 Vol 25 No 8 EDITOR Nick Barrett Tel: 01323 422483 Editor’s comment Editor Nick Barrett says the steel construction supply chain is [email protected] 5 showing a lead by confidently investing for the future against a background of DEPUTY EDITOR Martin Cooper Tel: 01892 538191 uncertainty that is pushing others’ plans to the backburner. [email protected] PRODUCTION EDITOR Andrew Pilcher Tel: 01892 553147 News The Steel Construction Certification Scheme has successfully achieved the [email protected] PRODUCTION ASSISTANT 6 revised ISO 14001 standard. Alastair Lloyd Tel: 01892 553145 [email protected] COMMERCIAL MANAGER Headline Sponsor Investment-led growth is consolidating Barrett Steel’s leading Fawad Minhas Tel: 01892 553149 [email protected] 10 market position. NSC IS PRODUCED BY BARRETT BYRD ASSOCIATES ON BEHALF OF THE BRITISH CONSTRUCTIONAL Sector Focus: Steelmaking NSC looks at the two main steelmaking processes used STEELWORK ASSOCIATION AND STEEL FOR LIFE IN ASSOCIATION WITH THE STEEL CONSTRUCTION 12 by today’s modern industrialised economies. INSTITUTE The British Constructional Steelwork Association Ltd 4 Whitehall Court, Westminster, London SW1A 2ES Retail Preston’s historic covered market will get a new lease of life with the addition Telephone 020 7839 8566 Website www.steelconstruction.org 14 of steel-framed stalls. -
CPIT Appendices 2009
External Programme Advisory Committees and Consultation Networks CPIT is committed to working with the Lee Retimana Clare Cosson industries, professions and communities Marketing Consultant, Muritai Marketing Hydraulics we serve. One way of achieving this is Ian Smith Dave Ritchie through Programme Advisory Committees Christchurch Manager, Arrow International Hydraulics or Consultation Networks, listed below. Each programme is supported by a group, of varying Baden Ewart Grant Davidson sizes and composition depending on the needs Director, Mitchell Notley & Associates Sir Edmund Hillary Outdoor Pursuit Centre of New Zealand of that programme. The Chair appointed by Computing Paul Chaplow the group, is usually external to the Institution. Craig Kerr Outdoors New Zealand Most groups include student or former student Business Information Solution Manager representation, as well as staff representatives Orion NZ Ltd Bill Gibson (whose names are not included). Fiordland Wilderness Experiences Greg Rossiter The members listed have given their permission Chief Information Offi cer, CIO Dynamic Control Rosco Gaudin to publish their names in the CPIT Annual Milford Sound Sea Kayaks Report. We are grateful for their support and Kerry Glynn Dave Watson appreciate their input throughout the year. Systems Software & Instrumentation Ltd Marlborough Sounds Adventure Richard Green Anthony Norris Faculty of Commerce Human Interface Technology Laboratory University of Canterbury Tamarillo Tropical Expedition Business Administration Chris Dever Rich Campbell -
Finite Element Analysis and Design of Suspended Steel- Fibre Reinforced Concrete Slabs
FINITE ELEMENT ANALYSIS AND DESIGN OF SUSPENDED STEEL- FIBRE REINFORCED CONCRETE SLABS OLUGBENGA BABAJIDE SOYEMI A thesis submitted in partial fulfilment of the requirements of the University of East London for the degree of Doctor of Philosophy August 2018 Abstract Over the last 20 years, there has been a rapid expansion in the construction of pile-supported and elevated steel-fibre-reinforced [SFRC] concrete slabs. The use of fibres to replace some or all of the conventional steel reinforcement leads to a significant reduction in construction time. However, current guidance is limited and is dominated by approximate elastic and plastic classical solutions. The design guidelines and construction of the majority of constructed SFRC slabs is almost entirely proprietary (provided by fibre manufacturers and suppliers) and different guidelines from nations (embedded with safety concerns). As a result, designers are unwilling to underwrite current designs in the absence of adequate independent guidance. In this research work, the behaviour of suspended SFRC slabs was studied under concentrated loadings. Available experimental data were used to study the effect of steel fibres on the post- cracking response of concrete. Subsequently, the SFRC constitutive model proposed by Lok and Xiao (1999) was adopted alongside the concrete damaged plasticity model of ABAQUS based on the validation work done. The reliability of the FE numerical model predictions was ensured by calibrating it against existing experimental data. Consequently, additional analyses were carried out examining three main case studies of SFRC slabs namely, single simply supported slabs, 4-panel pile-supported slab (i.e. statically-indeterminate) and 9-panel elevated slab. -
Canterbury Architecture Awards Announced
Buildings with character, colour and strong sense of public purpose win Canterbury Architecture Awards Thirty-two buildings have received Canterbury Architecture Awards at an event held in Christchurch. Among the winners are new libraries and community places, forward-looking learning environments, restored pieces of important cultural heritage and several houses that reinforce Canterbury’s strong tradition for high quality residential architecture. • Information under strict embargo until: 9pm, Thursday 6 June • Download awards galleries: High res gallery or Low res gallery • Please credit photographers according to the list at the end of this release “It’s been an impressive year for buildings with important social roles to play,” said awards jury convenor Andrew Watson. “From Christchurch’s new library and the heritage Arts Centre, through smaller libraries and community buildings in Dunsandel, Leeston and Woolston, it has been inspiring to visit buildings so successfully designed around the needs of people and well-integrated into their communities.” Tūranga, Christchurch’s new central library designed by Architectus and Denmark’s Schmidt Hammer Lassen, received awards for public and interior architecture. “The building shows the potential of a library to be more than just a repository for books,” the jury said. “Its connectivity – with people, place and cuture – is exemplified by the staggered atrium and incredible staircase, which is a social space for gathering, reading and resting.” The high quality restoration of Christchurch Arts Centre’s DA and CE Buildings has won Warren and Mahoney Architects awards in the heritage and public architecture categories. “Few buildings say ‘Christchurch’ like the Gothic Revival Arts Centre,” the jury said.