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Blind Mole Rat (Spalax Leucodon) Masseter Muscle: Structure, Homology, Diversification and Nomenclature A
Folia Morphol. Vol. 78, No. 2, pp. 419–424 DOI: 10.5603/FM.a2018.0097 O R I G I N A L A R T I C L E Copyright © 2019 Via Medica ISSN 0015–5659 journals.viamedica.pl Blind mole rat (Spalax leucodon) masseter muscle: structure, homology, diversification and nomenclature A. Yoldas1, M. Demir1, R. İlgun2, M.O. Dayan3 1Department of Anatomy, Faculty of Medicine, Kahramanmaras University, Kahramanmaras, Turkey 2Department of Anatomy, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Aksaray University, Aksaray, Turkey 3Department of Anatomy, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Selcuk University, Konya, Turkey [Received: 10 July 2018; Accepted: 23 September 2018] Background: It is well known that rodents are defined by a unique masticatory apparatus. The present study describes the design and structure of the masseter muscle of the blind mole rat (Spalax leucodon). The blind mole rat, which emer- ged 5.3–3.4 million years ago during the Late Pliocene period, is a subterranean, hypoxia-tolerant and cancer-resistant rodent. Yet, despite these impressive cha- racteristics, no information exists on their masticatory musculature. Materials and methods: Fifteen adult blind mole rats were used in this study. Dissections were performed to investigate the anatomical characteristics of the masseter muscle. Results: The muscle was comprised of three different parts: the superficial mas- seter, the deep masseter and the zygomaticomandibularis muscle. The superficial masseter originated from the facial fossa at the ventral side of the infraorbital foramen. The deep masseter was separated into anterior and posterior parts. The anterior part of the zygomaticomandibularis muscle arose from the snout and passed through the infraorbital foramen to connect on the mandible. -
Spatial Distribution and Historical Dynamics of Threatened Conifers of the Dalat Plateau, Vietnam
SPATIAL DISTRIBUTION AND HISTORICAL DYNAMICS OF THREATENED CONIFERS OF THE DALAT PLATEAU, VIETNAM A thesis Presented to The Faculty of the Graduate School At the University of Missouri In Partial Fulfillment Of the Requirements for the Degree Master of Arts By TRANG THI THU TRAN Dr. C. Mark Cowell, Thesis Supervisor MAY 2011 The undersigned, appointed by the dean of the Graduate School, have examined the thesis entitled SPATIAL DISTRIBUTION AND HISTORICAL DYNAMICS OF THREATENED CONIFERS OF THE DALAT PLATEAU, VIETNAM Presented by Trang Thi Thu Tran A candidate for the degree of Master of Arts of Geography And hereby certify that, in their opinion, it is worthy of acceptance. Professor C. Mark Cowell Professor Cuizhen (Susan) Wang Professor Mark Morgan ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS This research project would not have been possible without the support of many people. The author wishes to express gratitude to her supervisor, Prof. Dr. Mark Cowell who was abundantly helpful and offered invaluable assistance, support, and guidance. My heartfelt thanks also go to the members of supervisory committees, Assoc. Prof. Dr. Cuizhen (Susan) Wang and Prof. Mark Morgan without their knowledge and assistance this study would not have been successful. I also wish to thank the staff of the Vietnam Initiatives Group, particularly to Prof. Joseph Hobbs, Prof. Jerry Nelson, and Sang S. Kim for their encouragement and support through the duration of my studies. I also extend thanks to the Conservation Leadership Programme (aka BP Conservation Programme) and Rufford Small Grands for their financial support for the field work. Deepest gratitude is also due to Sub-Institute of Ecology Resources and Environmental Studies (SIERES) of the Institute of Tropical Biology (ITB) Vietnam, particularly to Prof. -
North-South Expressway Master Plan Final Report
JAPAN INTERNATIONAL COOPERATION AGENCY (JICA) MINISTRY OF TRANSPORT, VIETNAM THE COMPREHENSIVE STUDY ON THE SUSTAINABLE DEVELOPMENT OF TRANSPORT SYSTEM IN VIETNAM (VITRANSS 2) North-South Expressway Master Plan Final Report May 2010 ALMEC CORPORATION ORIENTAL CONSULTANTS CO. LTD. NIPPON KOEI CO. LTD. JAPAN INTERNATIONAL COOPERATION AGENCY (JICA) MINISTRY OF TRANSPORT, VIETNAM THE COMPREHENSIVE STUDY ON THE SUSTAINABLE DEVELOPMENT OF TRANSPORT SYSTEM IN VIETNAM (VITRANSS 2) North-South Expressway Master Plan Final Report May 2010 ALMEC CORPORATION ORIENTAL CONSULTANTS CO. LTD. NIPPON KOEI CO. LTD. Exchange Rate Used in the Report USD 1 = JPY 110 = VND 17,000 (Average Rate in 2008) PREFACE In response to the request from the Government of the Socialist Republic of Vietnam, the Government of Japan decided to conduct the Comprehensive Study on the Sustainable Development of Transport System in Vietnam (VITRANSS2) and entrusted the program to the Japan International cooperation Agency (JICA) JICA dispatched a team to Vietnam between November 2007 and May 2010, which was headed by Mr. IWATA Shizuo of ALMEC Corporation and consisted of ALMEC Corporation, Oriental Consultants Co., Ltd., and Nippon Koei Co., Ltd. In the cooperation with the Vietnamese Counterpart Team, the JICA Study Team conducted the study. It also held a series of discussions with the relevant officials of the Government of Vietnam. Upon returning to Japan, the Team duly finalized the study and delivered this report. I hope that this report will contribute to the sustainable development of transport system and Vietnam and to the enhancement of friendly relations between the two countries. Finally, I wish to express my sincere appreciation to the officials of the Government of Vietnam for their close cooperation. -
Classification of Mammals 61
© Jones & Bartlett Learning, LLC © Jones & Bartlett Learning, LLC NOT FORCHAPTER SALE OR DISTRIBUTION NOT FOR SALE OR DISTRIBUTION Classification © Jones & Bartlett Learning, LLC © Jones & Bartlett Learning, LLC 4 NOT FORof SALE MammalsOR DISTRIBUTION NOT FOR SALE OR DISTRIBUTION © Jones & Bartlett Learning, LLC © Jones & Bartlett Learning, LLC NOT FOR SALE OR DISTRIBUTION NOT FOR SALE OR DISTRIBUTION © Jones & Bartlett Learning, LLC © Jones & Bartlett Learning, LLC NOT FOR SALE OR DISTRIBUTION NOT FOR SALE OR DISTRIBUTION © Jones & Bartlett Learning, LLC © Jones & Bartlett Learning, LLC NOT FOR SALE OR DISTRIBUTION NOT FOR SALE OR DISTRIBUTION © Jones & Bartlett Learning, LLC © Jones & Bartlett Learning, LLC NOT FOR SALE OR DISTRIBUTION NOT FOR SALE OR DISTRIBUTION © Jones & Bartlett Learning, LLC © Jones & Bartlett Learning, LLC NOT FOR SALE OR DISTRIBUTION NOT FOR SALE OR DISTRIBUTION © Jones & Bartlett Learning, LLC © Jones & Bartlett Learning, LLC NOT FOR SALE OR DISTRIBUTION NOT FOR SALE OR DISTRIBUTION © Jones & Bartlett Learning, LLC © Jones & Bartlett Learning, LLC NOT FOR SALE OR DISTRIBUTION NOT FOR SALE OR DISTRIBUTION © Jones & Bartlett Learning, LLC © Jones & Bartlett Learning, LLC NOT FOR SALE OR DISTRIBUTION NOT FOR SALE OR DISTRIBUTION © Jones & Bartlett Learning, LLC. NOT FOR SALE OR DISTRIBUTION. 2ND PAGES 9781284032093_CH04_0060.indd 60 8/28/13 12:08 PM CHAPTER 4: Classification of Mammals 61 © Jones Despite& Bartlett their Learning,remarkable success, LLC mammals are much less© Jones stress & onBartlett the taxonomic Learning, aspect LLCof mammalogy, but rather as diverse than are most invertebrate groups. This is probably an attempt to provide students with sufficient information NOT FOR SALE OR DISTRIBUTION NOT FORattributable SALE OR to theirDISTRIBUTION far greater individual size, to the high on the various kinds of mammals to make the subsequent energy requirements of endothermy, and thus to the inabil- discussions of mammalian biology meaningful. -
From the Phnom Samkos Wildlife Sanctuary, Cardamom Mountains, Southwest Cambodia
Zootaxa 3388: 41–55 (2012) ISSN 1175-5326 (print edition) www.mapress.com/zootaxa/ Article ZOOTAXA Copyright © 2012 · Magnolia Press ISSN 1175-5334 (online edition) A new species of kukri snake (Colubridae: Oligodon Fitzinger, 1826) from the Phnom Samkos Wildlife Sanctuary, Cardamom Mountains, southwest Cambodia THY NEANG1,2, L. LEE GRISMER3 & JENNIFER C. DALTRY4 1Department of National Parks, Ministry of Environment, # 48, Samdech Preah Sihanouk, Tonle Bassac, Chamkarmorn, Phnom Penh, Cambodia. 2Fauna & Flora International (FFI), Cambodia. # 19, Street 360, BKK1, Chamkarmorn, Phnom Penh, Cambodia. E-mail: [email protected] 3Department of Biology, La Sierra University, 4500 Riverwalk Parkway, Riverside, California, 92515-8247 USA. E-mail: [email protected] 4Fauna & Flora International (FFI), Jupiter House (4th Floor), Station Road, Cambridge, CB1 2JD, United Kingdom. E-mail: [email protected] Abstract A new species of kukri snake Oligodon Fitzinger, 1826 is described from the Phnom Samkos Wildlife Sanctuary, Carda- mom Mountains, southwest Cambodia. Oligodon kampucheaensis sp. nov. differs from other Indochinese and Southeast Asian species of Oligodon by having 15–15–15 dorsal scale rows; 164 ventral scales; 39 subcaudal scales; anal plate un- divided; deep bifurcated hemipenes, lacking papillae and spines extending to subcaudal scale 11; 17 transverse cream and black-edged bands on body; three bands on tail; eight or nine scales long between dorsal bands; white ventrolateral spots on the lateral margin of every dark brown squarish or subrectangular ventral blotch. The hemipenial characters place it as the tenth species of the O. cyclurus group but it has a lower dorsal scale count than other species in this group. -
A Shared Identity
The A SEAN ISSUE 01 | MAY 2020 A Shared Identity Becoming ASEAN ISSN 2721-8058 SHIFTING CURRENTS THE INSIDE VIEW SNAPSHOTS COVID-19: A Collective Unity, Diversity ASEAN Heritage Park Conference Response in ASEAN and ASEAN Identity Highlights Sustainability and Innovation ASEAN CULTURAL HERITAGE Take a Virtual Tour Story on Page 16 Manjusri Sculpture is from a collection of the National Museum of Indonesia. The sculpture carries © Ahttps://heritage.asean.org/ and National Museum of Indonesia great national value for being an iconographic-innovation and the only silver-metal artwork from the Hindu- Buddha period found in the archipelago. Photo Credit: https://heritage.asean.org/ Contents 3 In this issue 22 Secretary-General of ASEAN Dato Lim Jock Hoi Deputy Secretary-General of ASEAN for ASEAN Socio-Cultural Community (ASCC) Kung Phoak EDITORIAL BOARD Directors of ASCC Directorates Rodora T. Babaran, Ky-Anh Nguyen Assistant Directors of ASCC Divisions Ferdinal Fernando, Jonathan Tan, The Inside View: ASEAN Identity Shifting Currents Mary Anne Therese Manuson, Mega Irena, Ngoc Son Nguyen, Sita Sumrit, Sophearin Chea, Unity, Diversity and the ASEAN Identity 8 Health 30 Vong Sok ASEAN Awareness Poll 10 COVID-19: A Collective Response in ASEAN EDITORIAL TEAM Interview with Indonesian Foreign Minister Editor-in-Chief Opinion: Retno Marsudi 12 Mary Kathleen Quiano-Castro Stop the Prejudice, a Virus Has No Race 36 Fostering ASEAN Identity 14 Associate Editor Fighting Fear and Fake News ASEAN Going Digital 16 Joanne B. Agbisit in a Pandemic 38 -
Governance of Protected Areas from Understanding to Action
Governance of Protected Areas From understanding to action Grazia Borrini-Feyerabend, Nigel Dudley, Tilman Jaeger, Barbara Lassen, Neema Pathak Broome, Adrian Phillips and Trevor Sandwith Developing capacity for a protected planet Best Practice Protected Area Guidelines Series No.20 IUCN WCPA’s BEST PRACTICE PROTECTED AREA GUIDELINES SERIES IUCN-WCPA’s Best Practice Protected Area Guidelines are the world’s authoritative resource for protected area managers. Involving collaboration among specialist practitioners dedicated to supporting better implementation in the field, they distil learning and advice drawn from across IUCN. Applied in the field, they are building institutional and individual capacity to manage protected area systems effectively, equitably and sustainably, and to cope with the myriad of challenges faced in practice. They also assist national governments, protected area agencies, non- governmental organisations, communities and private sector partners to meet their commitments and goals, and especially the Convention on Biological Diversity’s Programme of Work on Protected Areas. A full set of guidelines is available at: www.iucn.org/pa_guidelines Complementary resources are available at: www.cbd.int/protected/tools/ Contribute to developing capacity for a Protected Planet at: www.protectedplanet.net/ IUCN PROTECTED AREA DEFINITION, MANAGEMENT CATEGORIES AND GOVERNANCE TYPES IUCN defines a protected area as: A clearly defined geographical space, recognised, dedicated and managed, through legal or other effective means, -
Draft Environmental Report on Thailand
DRAFT ENVIRONMENTAL REPORT ON THAILAND PREPARED BY THE SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY DIVISION, LIBRARY OF CONGRESS WASHINGTON, D.C. AID/DS/ST CONTRACT NO, SA/TOA 1-77 WITH U.S. MAN AND THE BIOSPHERE SECRETARIAT DEPARTMENT OF STATE WASHINGTON, D.C. OCTOBER 1979 DRAFT ENVIRONMENTAL PROFILE OF THAILAND Table of Contents Section page Introduction and Summary ii 1.0 Populat i h,ht'<eristics 1.1 Get i I p ition statistics .................................. 1 1.2 Sp i 1 ibution ........................................... 2 1.3 Ethr .."d religion ......................................... 6 1.4 Education ............ ......................................... 7 1.5 Health ........................................................ 8 1.6 Birth control and population policy.............................9 2.0 The Economy 2.1 General economic statistics .................................... 11 2.2 Economic structure and growth .................................. 13 3.0 Resources and Environmental Problems 3.1 Topography and climate ......................................... 17 3.2 Freshwater ..................................................... 21 3.3 Soils .......................................................... 26 3.4 Minerals ....................................................... 28 3.5 Forests ........................................................ 30 3.6 Coastal zone ................................................... 35 3.7 Wildlife ....................................................... 38 3.8 Fisheries ..................................................... -
Climate Change in Myanmar and Central Dry Zone
THA 2015 International Conference on “Climate Change and Water & Environment Management in Monsoon Asia Climate Change in Myanmar and Central Dry Zone Win Naing Tun B.Sc.(Geology), MCP, D.B.L, D.I.R, Dip.GIS/RS, PGDip.(Arch), M.A, M.Res. (Archaeology), MPA-I Director Myanmar Environment Institute Presentation Outlines Introduction Myanmar’s Climate Climate Change and Natural Disasters Climate Change Drivers Pilot Project in Drought in Central Dry Zone Impacts Constraints Recommendations Conclusion Introduction • Myanmar is generally regarded as a country endowed with rich natural resources: minerals, forests, fertile agricultural lands with plentiful of Monsoon rains, and opulent marine resources. • Located between the east Himalayan syntaxis and the Andaman Sea to the south, washed by the Bay of Bengal on the west, Myanmar links Alpine- Himalayan orogenic belt to the west with its extension in the rest of Southeast Asia. • Myanmar is natural hazard or disaster prone country, being located in the tectonically active Alpide Seismic Belt. • Because of rapid growth in population, industries and urban areas, like elsewhere in the developing world, environmental degradation and other man-made hazards or disasters are also on the rise. Myanmar at a Glance The Republic of the Union of Myanmar Lattitude: 9° 32’ – 28° 31’ N Longitude: 92° 10’ – 101° 11’ E North to South: 2060 Km East to West: 945 Km Area: 67.65 million-hectares (676,577 sq. km) Population: 52.00 million (2014) Growth rate: 1.52% Rural Population: 70% Life expectancy: 57 years (men), 63 years (women) Climate: Tropical monsoon 1. Monsoon May – October 2. -
Review of Wetland and Aquatic Ecosystem in the Lower Mekong River Basin of Cambodia
FINAL REPORT Review of Wetland and Aquatic Ecosystem in the Lower Mekong River Basin of Cambodia By Kol Vathana Department of Nature Conservation and Protection Ministry of Environment Phnom Penh, Kingdom of Cambodia Submitted to The Cambodian National Mekong Committee Secretariat (CNMCS) and THE MEKONG RIVER COMMISSION SECRETARIAT (MRCS) August 2003 1 TABLE OF CONTENT I. INTRODUCTION..................................................................................................................6 II. WETLAND BIODIVERSITY ..............................................................................................9 2.1 Current Status...................................................................................................................9 2.2 Ecosystem Diversity ........................................................................................................9 2.2.1 Freshwater Ecosystem ..............................................................................................9 2.2.2 Coastal and Marine Ecosystem...............................................................................12 2.3 Species Diversity ...........................................................................................................15 2.3.1 Fauna.......................................................................................................................15 2.3.2 Flora ........................................................................................................................19 2.4 Genetic Diversity ...........................................................................................................20 -
Assessment of Tourist Site Potential and Application of Environmental
$4.60 ASSESSMENT OF TOURIST SITE POTENTIAL AND APPLICATION OF ENVIRONMENTAL MANAGEMENT SYSTEM FOR ECOTOURISM DEVELOPMENT IN SRI NAN NATIONAL PARK. NAN PROVINCE Miss Tatsanawalai Utarasakul A Dissertation submitted in Partial Futfillment of the Requirements for the Degree of Doctorof Philosophy program in Environmentalscience (l nterdisciplinary Program) Graduate School Chulalongkom Univeaity Academic Year 2007 Copyright of Chutatongkom University I I Ts8T0g BpwrornBlusu lurttL]o3gt u3g 0992 truEstuE B-u rBraEL nBps u suurL BpmrEU g?ulr (ulguruunu) Bopuonlgu ury rBrrgrsEr3ru u grug[nUsu Eru r BrrErfu fu gnru SupnnwunuBsru ]gr]pnncpnErpgnrEmr g ulrusureU Bpcmr1tcrt ]m nqru!n*, nqql, Er3lpnnunuunlu orss gl oBpl lolrsLuLnrulBru opl Bopu cnlgsru U1^ruu nn:cy uh:c Juru: un cBpt $qrlpnnlonrwnugn$:sFsru Thesis Title ASSESSMENT OF TOURIST SITE POTENTIAL AND APPLICATION OF ENVIRONMENTAL MANAGEMENT SYSTEM FOR ECOTOURISM DEVELOPMENT IN SRINAN NATIONAL PARK. NAN PROVINCE By Miss Tatsanawalai Utarasakul Field of Study Environmental Science Thesis Advisor Associate Professor Kumthorn Thirakhupt, Ph.D. Thesis Co-advisor Assistant Professor Art-ong Pradatsundarasar, Ph.D. Accepted by the Graduate School, Chulalongkorn Universig in Partial Fulfillment of the Requirements for the Doctoral Degree htTfi: Dean of the Graduate School (A.ssistant Professor M.R. Kalaya Tingsabadh.Ph.D.) THESIS COMMITTEE e. 1,6 ;. ;.h.r4p. :l.|- .... ... chairman (Assistant Professor Chamwit Kositanont. Ph.D.) Thesis Advisor (Associate Professor Kumthom Thirakhupt. Ph.D. ) ?d"b Thesis Co-advisor (Assistant Professor Art-ong Pradatsundarasar. Ph.D.) it* ExternalMember Member (Associate Professor Thavivongse Sriburi, Ph.D.) It.. i-' ....(?....:.. LEs t i rt09 r'*u bt ssgognt u s ;'a,li; i! ;;,;; tif 91 Ellst tnugsuup ......St-.:"g.....::gnp*tbr,sspeEBuu""""""""""""ossz" U n*Upi,6n6p}u BuJuBnE.... -
A Strategic Urban Development Plan of Greater Yangon
A Strategic A Japan International Cooperation Agency (JICA) Yangon City Development Committee (YCDC) UrbanDevelopment Plan of Greater The Republic of the Union of Myanmar A Strategic Urban Development Plan of Greater Yangon The Project for the Strategic Urban Development Plan of the Greater Yangon Yangon FINAL REPORT I Part-I: The Current Conditions FINAL REPORT I FINAL Part - I:The Current Conditions April 2013 Nippon Koei Co., Ltd. NJS Consultants Co., Ltd. YACHIYO Engineering Co., Ltd. International Development Center of Japan Inc. Asia Air Survey Co., Ltd. 2013 April ALMEC Corporation JICA EI JR 13-132 N 0 300km 0 20km INDIA CHINA Yangon Region BANGLADESH MYANMAR LAOS Taikkyi T.S. Yangon Region Greater Yangon THAILAND Hmawbi T.S. Hlegu T.S. Htantabin T.S. Yangon City Kayan T.S. 20km 30km Twantay T.S. Thanlyin T.S. Thongwa T.S. Thilawa Port & SEZ Planning調査対象地域 Area Kyauktan T.S. Kawhmu T.S. Kungyangon T.S. 調査対象地域Greater Yangon (Yangon City and Periphery 6 Townships) ヤンゴン地域Yangon Region Planning調査対象位置図 Area ヤンゴン市Yangon City The Project for the Strategic Urban Development Plan of the Greater Yangon Final Report I The Project for The Strategic Urban Development Plan of the Greater Yangon Final Report I < Part-I: The Current Conditions > The Final Report I consists of three parts as shown below, and this is Part-I. 1. Part-I: The Current Conditions 2. Part-II: The Master Plan 3. Part-III: Appendix TABLE OF CONTENTS Page < Part-I: The Current Conditions > CHAPTER 1: Introduction 1.1 Background ............................................................................................................... 1-1 1.2 Objectives .................................................................................................................. 1-1 1.3 Study Period .............................................................................................................