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Czech Music and Politics from the Late 19Th Century to Early 20Th Century : Formation of a Modern Nation and the Role of Art Music
Czech Music and Politics from the Late 19th Century to Early 20th Century : Formation of a Modern Nation and the Role of Art Music Litt. D. Hisako NAITO 地域学論集(鳥取大学地域学部紀要) 第14巻 第2号 抜刷 REGIONAL STUDIES (TOTTORI UNIVERSITY JOURNAL OF THE FACULTY OF REGIONAL SCIENCES) Vol.14 / No.2 平成30年3月12日発行 March 12, 2018 180308_3rd_抜粋論文表紙.indd 8 18/03/08 12:40 Czech Music and Politics from the Late 19th Century to Early 20th Century: Formation of a Modern Nation and the Role of Art Music Litt. D. Hisako NAITO* 19 世紀末から 20 世紀初頭のチェコ音楽と政治 - 近代国家の成立と芸術音楽の役割 - 内 藤 久 子* Key Words: Czech Music, National Revival, Cultural Nationalism, Czech Nationalist School, Hussite Revolution キーワード:チェコ音楽、民族再生、文化ナショナリズム、チェコ国民楽派、フス派革命 1. Culture and Nationalism — How were Music and Politics Related? The development of art, in particular the development of musical culture, has occasionally been influenced by strong political ideologies. Since musical development is strongly linked to the guiding principles of national policy, it can certainly be considered an important key for particular eras. Perhaps, the most striking example of this situation existed in Europe between the 19th and 20th centuries, a period characterized by the successive formation of new nations, each determining its own form of government. This occurred in several different contexts, for example, when nations (e.g., Hungary, Czech Republic, Poland, Norway, and Finland) were gaining independence from an empire, when nations were uniting with other nations from which they had previously separated (e.g., Italy and Germany), or when nations were undergoing a transition from monarchy to democracy (e.g., Great Britain and France). -
"The Czech Question" a Century Later
The Czech Question A Century Later JAROSLAV STŘÍTECKÝ* Faculty of Arts, Masaryk University, Brno Abstract: The Česká otázka (The Czech Question) by Masaryk is the supreme work of Czech national mythology. It is true that the author had already been filled with the spirit of a positivistic critical science, but he also embraced the Czech National Revival. The aim of the study is to analyze the reasons for this asymmetry. The study points out the fundamental differences between contemporary interpretations of Masaryk and interpretations during his lifetime: the Czech people participated substantially in the economic miracle which took place in the Czech lands in the latter half of the 19th century, and constituted the third largest nation in the huge Central European empire. They did not suffer from such a marked ‚small nation‘ complex as their descendants of today. That is why Masaryk conceived his Czech Question as a view of what had been achieved, and as an ideological basis or the social modernization and political efforts of that time. Masaryk replaced Comte’s vision of an industrial society with the concept of democracy: this concept is very broad and does not dwell on political definitions only. Masaryk, as an expert in theoretical and political socialism of that time, relates national emancipation to so- cial emancipation. This would correspond with Western European models if it were not for Masaryk’s efforts to incorporate into this framework archaic elements of the early Czech national imagination, as well as the Slavonic idea which lost its viability in the Czech modernization process as early as the mid 1840’s. -
The Construction of National Identity in the Historiography of Czech Art
View metadata, citation and similar papers at core.ac.uk brought to you by CORE provided by Enlighten: Theses THE CONSTRUCTION OF NATIONAL IDENTITY IN THE HISTORIOGRAPHY OF CZECH ART MARTA FILIPOVÁ A THESIS SUBMITTED TO THE UNIVERSITY OF GLASGOW FOR THE DEGREE OF DOCTOR OF PHILOSOPHY DEPARTMENT OF THE HISTORY OF ART August 2008 © Marta Filipová 2008 Abstract National identity can be expressed in many ways by individuals, groups and states. Since the nineteenth century, Central Europe has been undergoing rapid changes in the political, social and cultural spheres, which was reflected in the self-definition of the nations living in this region, and in their definition by others. The Czech people, who until 1918 were a part of the Austro-Hungarian Empire, gave birth to a national revival movement in the nineteenth century and eventually emancipated themselves to create an independent Czechoslovakia. The idea of „national identity“ was, therefore, crucial and this was enhanced in many areas of human activity, including the construction of a historical legitimacy for the nation. The struggle for recognition of the historical existence of the Czech nation was also projected into the discourse adopted for historical and contemporary art writing and exhibition practice. In this thesis, I focus on the ways in which Czech national identity was constructed in the historiography of art. I shall argue that the various ideologies which influenced the writers led to an understanding of Czech art as epitomising certain qualities of the Czech nation. At the same time, the Czech nation was presented as highly advanced because of its artistic achievements. -
Europa's Bane Ethnic Conflict and Economics on the Czechoslovak Path from Nationalism to Communism, 1848-1948 Mathias Fuelling Utah State University
Utah State University DigitalCommons@USU All Graduate Theses and Dissertations Graduate Studies 5-2016 Europa's Bane Ethnic Conflict and Economics on the Czechoslovak Path From Nationalism to Communism, 1848-1948 Mathias Fuelling Utah State University Follow this and additional works at: https://digitalcommons.usu.edu/etd Part of the History Commons Recommended Citation Fuelling, Mathias, "Europa's Bane Ethnic Conflict and Economics on the Czechoslovak Path From Nationalism to Communism, 1848-1948" (2016). All Graduate Theses and Dissertations. 4724. https://digitalcommons.usu.edu/etd/4724 This Dissertation is brought to you for free and open access by the Graduate Studies at DigitalCommons@USU. It has been accepted for inclusion in All Graduate Theses and Dissertations by an authorized administrator of DigitalCommons@USU. For more information, please contact [email protected]. EUROPA’S BANE ETHNIC CONFLICT AND ECONOMICS ON THE CZECHOSLOVAK PATH FROM NATIONALISM TO COMMUNISM, 1848-1948 by Mathias Fuelling A dissertation submitted in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the degree of MASTER OF ARTS in History Approved: ________________ Tammy Proctor __________________ Major Professor Jonathan Brunstedt Committee Member ______________ ________________ Tammy Proctor Evelyn Funda Committee Member Committee Member __________________________________ Dr. Mark McLellan Vice President for Research and Director of Graduate Studies UTAH STATE UNIVERSITY Logan, Utah 2016 ii Copyright © Mathias Fuelling 2016 All Rights Reserved iii ABSTRACT Europa’s Bane Ethnic Conflict and Economics on the Czechoslovak Path from Nationalism to Communism, 1848-1948 by Mathias J. Fuelling, Master of Arts Utah State University, 2016 Major Professor: Dr. Tammy Proctor Department: History Nationalism has appropriately been a much studied, as well disparaged, phenomenon. -
A Social Ecology of the German Jews of Prague
Frank Meissner A SOCIAL ECOLOGY OF THE GERMAN JEWS OF PRAGUE The German Jew in Czech Prague was, so to speak, an incarnation of strangeness and will-to-be-strange; he was the people's enemy without a people of his 0wn.l THESTATE PROSECUTOR at the 1952 Slansky Trials in Prague was anxious to empha- size that of the fourteen defendants who were accused of treason, eleven were of Jewish origin or were born of "German manufacturers' families." Since practically all "Aryan" Germans were deported from Czechoslovakia after World War 11, every- body understood that "German Jewish manufacturers' families" were meant. Western historians generally agreed that it was one of the objectives of the whole trial to turn the Jews into scapegoats who were to bear the blame for Com- munist Czechoslovakia's economic frustrations. The constant reference to the stereo- type of a "German Jew" was merely used as one of the tools by which the flame of popular antisemitism should be kept burning. This paper will trace the history of the phenomenon called the German Jew of Prague, and attempt to show how and why these people went into a voluntary social, national, and cultural ghetto in the very midst of an overwhelmingly Czech population. The analysis may be of interest to readers of Franz Kafka, who, more than thirty years after his death, is encountering a remarkable revival. A study of this sort seems to provide more ecological clues to Franz Kafka's existentialism. It may also help to explain the motivations which led Kafka's contemporaries into the Communist camp.2 Historical Origins "History finds the earliest reference to the Jews of Prague in 906 A.D. -
Czech Exceptionalism
Introduction: Czech Exceptionalism Why should outsiders care about the Czech people and their politics? Though the country styles itself the heart of Europe, its objective importance is hard to see. It is the 85th largest country in the world by population (between Benin and Portugal), the 116th by area (between UAE and Serbia), the 40th by GDP per capita (just behind Greece and Estonia), and the 50th by total GDP (between Qatar and Peru).1 By almost any standard measure, the Czech Republic is an ordinary country – not too big or too small, not too rich or too poor. But the Czech Republic does have reason to claim our attention. Czech politics presents in refined form some of the major forces shaping the modern world – whether nationalism, democracy, multiculturalism, the dilemmas of being a small state, communism, state division, economic reform, and coming to terms with the past. By virtue of being in the heart of Europe, the Czech lands have experienced in the most direct way possible the vicissitudes of the past two centuries. Czech politics can thus serve as a microcosm for understanding these world-historical forces. This chapter, however, will argue that Czech politics has an even stronger claim on our attention. In many ways, the Czechs are not just a microcosm or an exemplar, but a trailblazer and a model. Czech politics has pioneered new and unprecedented ways of dealing with just about all of the phenomena described in the previous paragraph. At the least the Czechs show us new possibilities, and at the most they reveal better ways forward. -
Bohemian Voice: Contention, Brotherhood and Journalism
BOHEMIAN VOICE: CONTENTION, BROTHERHOOD AND JOURNALISM AMONG CZECH PEOPLE IN AMERICA, 1860-1910 A Dissertation by DAVID ZDENEK CHROUST Submitted to the Office of Graduate Studies of Texas A&M University in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the degree of DOCTOR OF PHILOSOPHY May 2009 Major Subject: History BOHEMIAN VOICE: CONTENTION, BROTHERHOOD AND JOURNALISM AMONG CZECH PEOPLE IN AMERICA, 1860-1910 A Dissertation by DAVID ZDENEK CHROUST Submitted to the Office of Graduate Studies of Texas A&M University in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the degree of DOCTOR OF PHILOSOPHY Approved by: Chair of Committee, Chester Dunning Committee Members, Walter Kamphoefner Arnold Krammer Clinton Machann Head of Department, Walter Buenger May 2009 Major Subject: History iii ABSTRACT Bohemian Voice: Contention, Brotherhood and Journalism among Czech People in America, 1860-1910. (May 2009) David Zdenek Chroust, B.A., Kent State University; M.L.S., Kent State University Chair of Advisory Committee: Dr. Chester Dunning This dissertation examines elite and popular consciousness among Czech speakers in America during their mass migration from Bohemia and Moravia, the two Habsburg crownlands that became the largest part of the Czechoslovak Republic in 1918. Between 1860 and 1910, their numbers increased tenfold to almost a quarter-million, as recorded in the United States census, and to over a half-million with their children. That was almost one-twelfth of their population in Bohemia and Moravia. In the same half- century, a stable group of men made Czech-language journalism and publishing in America. They included Karel Jonáš in Wisconsin, Václav Šnajdr in Cleveland, František Boleslav Zdrůbek and August Geringer in Chicago, and Jan Rosický in Omaha. -
Musical Institutions and Czech Identity in Nineteenth
Reclaiming a Golden Past: Musical Institutions and Czech Identity in Nineteenth-Century Prague By © 2019 Amelia Davidson PhD, Musicology, 2019 M.M., Missouri State University, 2008 B.M.E., Missouri State University, 2006 Submitted to the graduate degree program in Musicology and the Graduate Faculty of the University of Kansas in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the degree of Doctor of Philosophy. Chair: Ketty Wong Roberta Freund Schwartz Paul Laird Alan Street Svetlana Vassileva-Karagyozova Date Defended: April 8, 2019 ii The dissertation committee for Amelia Davidson certifies that this is the approved version of the following dissertation: Reclaiming a Golden Past: Musical Institutions and Czech Identity in Nineteenth-Century Prague Chair: Ketty Wong Date Approved: iii Abstract This dissertation explores the relationship between nineteenth-century musical activity in the Czech lands and Czech identity. The objectives of this study are to examine the history of significant musical institutions and organizations established during the nineteenth century, to analyze performance repertories for these entities, and to explore how the activities of these institutions are related to other components of Czech identity. I begin by investigating significant Czech identity markers that existed prior to the nineteenth century. These include a sense of cosmopolitanism established during the reigns of the Holy Roman Emperors Charles I and Rudolf II, a priority on religious reform and tolerance linked to the Hussite period, and a sense of cultural deprivation stemming from the conclusion of the Thirty Years’ War and the Counter- Reformation period. These foundational elements of Czech cultural identity provided the framework for the national revival of the late eighteenth and early nineteenth century, which was based in Enlightenment ideals, and for the nationalist movement of the mid-nineteenth century. -
Protests and Parades: National Day Commemorations in Hungary and Czechoslovakia, 1918-1989
Protests and Parades: National day commemorations in Hungary and Czechoslovakia, 1918-1989 Andrea Talabér Thesis submitted for assessment with a view to obtaining the degree of Doctor of History and Civilization of the European University Institute Florence, 03 June 2016 2 European University Institute Department of History and Civilization Protests and Parades: National day commemorations in Hungary and Czechoslovakia, 1918-1989 Andrea Talabér Thesis submitted for assessment with a view to obtaining the degree of Doctor of History and Civilization of the European University Institute Examining Board Professor Pavel Kolář, European University Institute (EUI Supervisor) Professor Lucy Riall, European University Institute Professor Peter Haslinger, Herder Institute Professor Nancy M. Wingfield, Northern Illinois University © Andrea Talabér, 2016 No part of this thesis may be copied, reproduced or transmitted without prior permission of the author Researcher declaration to accompany the submission of written work Department of History and Civilization - Doctoral Programme I, Andrea Talabér, certify that I am the author of the work ‘Protests and Parades: National day commemorations in Hungary and Czechoslovakia, 1918-1989’ I have presented for examination for the Ph.D. at the European University Institute. I also certify that this is solely my own original work, other than where I have clearly indicated, in this declaration and in the thesis, that it is the work of others. I warrant that I have obtained all the permissions required for using any material from other copyrighted publications. I certify that this work complies with the Code of Ethics in Academic Research issued by the European University Institute (IUE 332/2/10 (CA 297). -
Czech-German Cultural Competition, 1848-1948
Utah State University DigitalCommons@USU All Graduate Theses and Dissertations Graduate Studies 5-2010 Smoldering Embers: Czech-German Cultural Competition, 1848-1948 C. Brandon Hone Utah State University Follow this and additional works at: https://digitalcommons.usu.edu/etd Part of the European History Commons Recommended Citation Hone, C. Brandon, "Smoldering Embers: Czech-German Cultural Competition, 1848-1948" (2010). All Graduate Theses and Dissertations. 666. https://digitalcommons.usu.edu/etd/666 This Thesis is brought to you for free and open access by the Graduate Studies at DigitalCommons@USU. It has been accepted for inclusion in All Graduate Theses and Dissertations by an authorized administrator of DigitalCommons@USU. For more information, please contact [email protected]. i SMOLDERING EMBERS: CZECH-GERMAN CULTURAL COMPETITION 1848-1948 by C. Brandon Hone A thesis submitted in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the degree of MASTER OF ARTS in History Approved: __________________________ ________________________ C. Robert Cole, PhD Norman L. Jones, PhD Major Professor Committee Member __________________________ ________________________ Denise O. Conover, PhD Byron R. Burnham, EdD Committee Member Dean of Graduate Studies UTAH STATE UNIVERSITY Logan, Utah 2010 ii Copyright ⓒ C. Brandon Hone 2010 All Rights Reserved iii ABSTRACT Smoldering Embers: Czech-German Cultural Competition, 1848-1948 by C. Brandon Hone, Master of Arts Utah State University, 2010 Major Professor: Dr. C. Robert Cole Program: History After World War II, state-sponsored deportations amounting to ethnic cleansing occurred and showed that the roots of the Czech-German cultural competition are important. In Bohemia, Czechs and Germans share a long history of contact, both mutually beneficial and antagonistic. -
Czech Culture: a Way of Life in the Light of Faith.”
ANTHOLOGY CU CH LTU ZE R C E From the proceedings of the conference presented by Center for Faith and Culture University of St. Thomas February 8-10, 2002 Nold Education Center St. Mary’s Seminary 9845 Memorial Drive Houston, Texas 77024 Copyright 2003 Center for Faith and Culture University of St. Thomas All rights reserved. This book, or any part thereof, may not be reproduced or utilized in any form, or by any photographic or mechanical, or by any sound recording system, or by any device for storage and retrieval of information, without the written permission of the Center for Faith and Culture, University of St. Thomas, Houston, Texas. Orders may be addressed to the publisher: Center for Faith and Culture University of St. Thomas 9845 Memorial Drive Houston TX 77024-3498 Voice: 713-686-6844, x229 Fax: 713-957-3174 E-mail: [email protected] TABLE OF CONTENTS OPENING REMARKS Donald S. Nesti, C.S.Sp., S.T.D. 1 PRESENTATIONS Tomas Kraus, J.D. 5 Dominik Duka, O.P., S.T.L.. 20 Milan Opocˇensky´, Ph.D. 33 Peter Esterka, D.D., S.T.D. 45 HOMILY Most Rev. Peter Esterka, Bishop of Czech Catholics in Diaspora . 61 SPEAKER BIOGRAPHICAL INFORMATION. 64 ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS. 66 1 OPENING REMARKS by REV. DONALD S. NESTI, CSSP On behalf of the University of St. Thomas, Center for Faith and Culture, I welcome you to this conference on the subject of “Czech Culture: A Way of Life in the Light of Faith.” The Center for Faith and Culture, founded in 1993, seeks to understand and affect the relationship between the worldview of Catholic faith and culture. -
Our Jews, Our Israel!
The London School of Economics and Political Science Our Jews, Our Israel! Origins of the Foreign Policy of Poland, the Czech Republic, and Hungary Towards Israel Irena Kalhousová A thesis submitted to the Department of International Relations of the London School of Economics for the degree of Doctor in Philosophy, London, May 2019 Table of Contents Declaration ..................................................................................................................................................................................................................... 5 Abstract ........................................................................................................................................................................................................................... 6 Acknowledgment ........................................................................................................................................................................................................ 7 Acronyms ........................................................................................................................................................................................................................ 8 Tables and Figures ...................................................................................................................................................................................................... 9 INTRODUCTION ..................................................................................................................................................................................................................