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Musical Expression and Spanish Nationalism in Selected Works of Tomás Bretón Brent Matthew Ad Rnold [email protected]

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Musical Expression and Spanish Nationalism in Selected Works of Tomás Bretón Brent Matthew Ad Rnold Matt.Darnold92@Gmail.Com Marshall University Marshall Digital Scholar Theses, Dissertations and Capstones 2018 Musical Expression and Spanish Nationalism in Selected Works of Tomás Bretón Brent Matthew aD rnold [email protected] Follow this and additional works at: https://mds.marshall.edu/etd Part of the Music Commons, and the Spanish and Portuguese Language and Literature Commons Recommended Citation Darnold, Brent Matthew, "Musical Expression and Spanish Nationalism in Selected Works of Tomás Bretón" (2018). Theses, Dissertations and Capstones. 1199. https://mds.marshall.edu/etd/1199 This Thesis is brought to you for free and open access by Marshall Digital Scholar. It has been accepted for inclusion in Theses, Dissertations and Capstones by an authorized administrator of Marshall Digital Scholar. For more information, please contact [email protected], [email protected]. MUSICAL EXPRESSION AND SPANISH NATIONALISM IN SELECTED WORKS OF TOMÁS BRETÓN A thesis submitted to the Graduate College of Marshall University In partial fulfillment of the requirements for the degree of Master of Arts In Music Music History and Literature by Brent Matthew Darnold Approved by Dr. Vicki Stroeher, Committee Chairperson Dr. Stephen Lawson Dr. Montserrat Miller Marshall University August 2018 ii © 2018 Brent Matthew Darnold ALL RIGHTS RESERVED iii ACKNOWLEDGMENTS I would firstly like to thank Keely and my family for their support throughout this process. I would also like to thank my committee, Dr. Stroeher, Dr. Lawson, and Dr. Miller, for the guidance not only throughout the writing of this thesis but throughout my time at Marshall. Lastly, I would like to thank Thom Walker for his assistance with copyrighted materials. iv TABLE OF CONTENTS List of Tables ................................................................................................................................. ix List of Figures ................................................................................................................................. x Abstract .......................................................................................................................................... xi Introduction ..................................................................................................................................... 1 Chapter 1: The Problems of a Spanish Nationalism ....................................................................... 5 Models of Nationalism ................................................................................................................ 7 Perennialism ............................................................................................................................ 7 Modernism ............................................................................................................................... 8 Neo-perennialism ................................................................................................................... 12 Ethno-symbolism ................................................................................................................... 15 Spain’s Troubled Nineteenth Century and the Questions of a Spanish Nationalism ................ 24 Eighteenth-Century Spain...................................................................................................... 25 Nineteenth-Century Spain: A Crisis of Identity .................................................................... 26 The Napoleonic Wars and their Consequences ................................................................. 26 The Siege of Cádiz and its Symbolic Value ................................................................... 27 The Aftermath of the Peninsular War: The Ominous Decade and Spanish Decline ..... 29 The First Republic: Struggles with the Enlightenment and Nationalism ....................... 30 The Bourbon Restoration: Return to Stability ................................................................... 31 The Path to Disaster: A Loss of National Identity ......................................................... 32 Regionalism: Regional Identity and Cultural Renaissances .............................................. 34 v Regenerationism: Reconstructing a Spanish Identity ........................................................ 35 The Modernists ............................................................................................................... 35 Historicism and Folk Culture ......................................................................................... 36 Chapter 2: National Style and Nineteenth-Century Spain ............................................................ 40 Sources of National Representation in Music ........................................................................... 41 Folk Culture ........................................................................................................................... 41 Folk Culture and Stage Works ........................................................................................... 42 Folk Culture and Instrumental Works................................................................................ 44 History and Myth ................................................................................................................... 47 A National Past through Opera .......................................................................................... 48 Programmatic Retellings of History and Myth in Orchestral Works ................................ 51 Popular Culture ...................................................................................................................... 53 Landscapes and National Landmarks .................................................................................... 55 The Power of Perception in the Study of National Style .......................................................... 57 The Context and Construction of a Spanish National Style ...................................................... 61 The Development of an Audience ......................................................................................... 61 Creating a Spanish National Style ......................................................................................... 63 Regenerationism and National Style .................................................................................. 63 Historicists ...................................................................................................................... 64 Folklorists ....................................................................................................................... 66 vi Modernists ...................................................................................................................... 67 Chapter 3: The Creation of a Spanish Style and the Works of Tomás Bretón ............................. 69 An Ethno-Symbolic and Narratological Approach to National Music ..................................... 70 Ethno-symbolism and the Writings of Dahlhaus ................................................................... 71 Narratology and the Study of Nationalism ............................................................................ 71 The Works of Tomás Bretón in a National Context.................................................................. 74 The Operas and Zarzuelas of Bretón ..................................................................................... 75 Zarzuela.............................................................................................................................. 75 La Verbena de la Paloma ............................................................................................... 77 Covadonga ..................................................................................................................... 78 Opera .................................................................................................................................. 79 Gúzman el bueno and Los Amantes de Teruel ............................................................... 80 Garín o L’eremito di Montserrat ................................................................................... 82 Bretón’s Chamber Music ....................................................................................................... 83 The Orchestral Music of Tomás Bretón ................................................................................ 88 The Symphonies................................................................................................................. 90 Amadís de Gaula ................................................................................................................ 91 The Influence of Spanish Folk Music in Selected Orchestral Works by Bretón ............... 92 En la Alhambra .............................................................................................................. 93 Sinfonía no. 2 en Mi bemol Mayor and Escenas Andaluzas ..................................................... 95 vii Sinfonía no. 2 en Mi bemol Mayor ........................................................................................ 95 Escenas Andaluzas .............................................................................................................. 102 Conclusions on Sinfonía en Mi bemol Mayor and Escenas Andaluzas ............................... 106 Conclusion .................................................................................................................................
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