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Here'- Under by Unit, and Thereunder Alphabetically by Soldier's Surname

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Here'- Under by Unit, and Thereunder Alphabetically by Soldier's Surname RICHARD NIXON President of the United States ARTHUR F.SAMPSON Acting Administrator of General Services JAMES B. RHOADS Archivist of the United States The records reproduced in the microfilm publication are from Records of the Adjutant General's Office, 1780's-1917 Record Group 94 in the National Archives Building COMPILED SERVICE RECORDS OF VOLUNTEER SOLDIERS WHO SERVED FROM 1784 to 1811 On the 32 rolls of this microfilm publication are reproduced the compiled service records of volunteer soldiers who served from 1784 to 1811. The compiled service records consist of a jacket-envelope for each soldier, which typically contains card abstracts of entries relating to the soldier as found in original muster rolls, payrolls, receipt rolls, returns, and lists. These compiled service records are part of the Records of the Adjutant General's Office, 1780fs-1917, Record Group 94. The U.S. Military Establishment, between the end of the Revolutionary War and the beginning of the War of 1812, consisted of a small Regular Army that was supplemented, when necessary, with State and Territorial militia units that were called into the service of the National Government. Volunteers, raised by individual States, territories, or the National Government to meet specific emergencies, also constituted a part of the Military Establishment. By the time of the signing of the Treaty of Paris, Septem- ber 3, 1783, the American Army of the Revolutionary War was already in the process of dissolution. On January 29, 1784, a committee reported to the Congress that the American Army had been disbanded except for one infantry regiment, commanded by Col. Henry Jackson, and a small detachment of artillery. The committee recommended that Jackson's regiment be fully officered and consist of 500 rank and file formed from those soldiers "whose times of service do not expire until the year 1785." On June 2, 1784, the Congress directed that all U.S. troops be discharged with the exception of an artillery company of 80 pri- vates and the appropriate number of officers necessary to guard the military stores at West Point, Fort Pitt, and other depots. On June 3, however, the Congress resolved that the States of Connecticut, New York, New Jersey, and Pennsylvania furnish from their militia units a force of 700 men for a period of 12 months. Pennsylvania was directed to contribute the greatest number of troops, and the Congress directed that the commander of this regiment be furnished by that State. Lt. Col. Josiah Harmar became commander of this First Regiment of Infantry. The artillery company that had been retained in the service formed part of this new infantry regiment. The following April, an act of Congress authorized the raising of 700 men to replace those previously enlisted in the First Regiment of Infantry whose enlistments would soon expire. The final authorization for raising troops under the Articles of Confederation came October 3, 1787, when the Congress enacted legislation to continue the strength of the First Regiment at 700 men. The Constitution of the United States empowered the Congress to "provide for the common Defence." To carry out this provision, the Constitution specifically authorized the Congress to declare war, raise and support armies, provide and maintain a navy, pro- vide for the calling up of the militia, and establish rules for the regulation of land and naval forces as well as for the orga- nizing, arming, and disciplining of the militia. The Constitu- tion placed the executive authority of the Government in the Office of the President and invested the holder of that Office with the role of "Commander in Chief of the Army and Navy of the United States, and of the Militia of the several States, when called into the actual Service of the United States." Exercising its constitutional powers, the Congress took under consideration the matter of defining the nature of the Military Establishment. On August 7, 1789, an act (1 Stat. 49) was adopted that set up an executive department, to be known as the Department of War, and directed the Secretary for the Department of War to carry out the duties assigned to him by the President. Soon after taking office, President Washington sought from the Congress a statutory basis for the existing military forces of the Nation, and on September 29, 1789, the Congress enacted legislation (1 Stat. 95) to recognize and retain the organization of troops that had been raised by the Confederation Congress in its resolution of October 3, 1787. Subsequent congressional action increased the size and al- tered the composition of the Military Establishment. On April 30, 1790, the Congress passed an act (1 Stat. 119) to enlist a maxi- mum number of 1,216 regular troops. As a consequence of the legislation of September 1789 and that of April 1790, the earlier units mentioned (Jackson's First American Regiment, Harmar's First U.S. Regiment, and the Battalion of Artillery) became the nucleus of the Regular Army of the United States. Legislation enacted on March 3, 1791 (1 Stat. 222), gave the President the authority to enlist as many as 2,000 levies in addition to or in place of militia. These levies, whose period of service was limited to 6 months, were raised and maintained by the Federal Government, and thus were distinguishable from State militia that were called into "Federal service. The Congress also enacted a basic militia law on May 8, 1792 (1 Stat. 271), that called for the enrollment of "every able-bodied white male citizen between the ages of 18 and 45." The law further directed that each citizen enrolled provide himself with a "good musket, or firelock, and a sufficient bayonet and belt." The Congress prescribed a system of discipline for the militia based on the rules of discipline and field exercises of Maj. Gen. Friedrich Wilhelm von Steuben, as amended by General Washington. In addition to State militia units, the Congress provided for the organization of militia units in the territories of the United States (1 Stat. 271). When a government was formally constituted for a territory, the Congress recognized the organi- zation of a Territorial militia and made the Governor of the territory its commander in chief. Territorial militia units were organized in the same manner and operated under the same regula- tions as did the State units. COMPILED SERVICE RECORDS The military service records of soldiers who served in the various Indian campaigns, insurrections, and disturbances that occurred between 1784 and 1811 were compiled from original records maintained by the Office of the Adjutant General. This Office was the administrative and recordkeeping department of the Military Establishment. Its duties included exercising administrative control over the orders, correspondence, and records of the Army; recording, authenticating, and communicating orders, regulations, and instructions to units and individuals in the military service; consolidating the general returns of the Army and the militia; preparing and issuing commissions; and managing the recruiting service. During most of the 19th century, the Adjutant .General's Office also acted as custodian for the historical records of the Regular Army and the military records of volunteer forces. War Department orders of July 3 and 16, 1889, directed the Adjutant General to relinquish certain functions executed by his Office that related to the military records of Volunteers and directed that a Record and Pension Division be established in the War Department to take custody of those records and transact the pension and departmental business connected with them. On May 9, 1892, an act (27 Stat. 27) designated this Division the Record and Pension Office. In the process of carrying out its authorized functions, the Record and PensioiuOffice brought together the original records of volunteer soldiers who served the United States between 1784 and 1811. Some of these records were located in the War Depart- ment; others accompanied the Revolutionary War records that vari- ous executive departments transferred to the War Department under congressional authorizations of July 27, 1892, and August 18, 1894. Other original records were borrowed by the Record and Pension Office from various States so that copies could be made and placed on file in that Office. The Record and Pension Office operated as a separate admin- istrative uniX within the War Department from 1889 to 1904 when it was combined with the Adjutant General's Office to form the Military Secretary's Office. Three years later War Department orders designated this Office the Adjutant General's Office. As a result of these reorganizations, the records that had orig- inally been accumulated by the Record and Pension Office were placed in the care of the Adjutant General. In 1912 the Adjutant General's Office began to abstract and card original records showing the military service of Volunteers who served between 1784 and 1811. The compiled service records reproduced in this microfilm publication are arranged under the designations U.S. Organiza- tions, State Organizations, and Territorial Organizations, there'- under by unit, and thereunder alphabetically by soldier's surname. Units identified by number precede those identified by name; for example, for the State of Georgia, the Third Regiment of Militia precedes the Georgia Militia. When a body of troops is desig- nated only by the type of unit, such as Scouts and Spies or Gen- eral Staff, it is placed after the units bearing numerical or nominal designations within a particular State or territory. There are cross-references for soldiers' names that appear in the records under more than one spelling. Preceding the jacket-envelopes for the individual soldiers in each unit are envelopes containing cards onto which have been copied captions taken from the original records.
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