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War and Legitimacy: the Securement of Sovereignty in the Northwest Indian War
i ABSTRACT WAR AND LEGITIMACY: THE SECUREMENT OF SOVEREIGNTY IN THE NORTHWEST INDIAN WAR During the post-revolution period, the newfound constitutional government of the United States faced a crisis of sovereignty and legitimacy. The Old Northwest region, encompassing what is now Ohio, Indiana and Illinois, was disputed between several groups. The U.S. government under George Washington claimed the region and sought to populate the land with white settlers, British officials in North America wished to reestablish British hegemony in the Ohio River valley and Native-Americans wished to protect their ancestral homeland from foreign invasion. In the 1790s, war broke out between a British backed alliance of Native tribes and the United States of America. Historians have named this conflict the Northwest Indian War. Examining government records, personal correspondences between Washington administration officials and military commanders, as well as recollections of soldiers, officials and civilians this thesis explores the geopolitical causes and ramifications of the Northwest Indian War. These sources demonstrate how the war was a reflection of a crisis which threatened the legitimacy to American sovereignty in the West. Furthermore, they also demonstrate how the use of a professional federal standing army was used by Washington’s government to secure American legitimacy. Michael Anthony Lipe August 2019 ii WAR AND LEGITIMACY: THE SECUREMENT OF SOVEREIGNTY IN THE NORTHWEST INDIAN WAR by Michael Anthony Lipe A thesis submitted in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the degree of Master of Arts in History in the College of Social Sciences California State University, Fresno August 2019 APPROVED For the Department of History: We, the undersigned, certify that the thesis of the following student meets the required standards of scholarship, format, and style of the university and the student's graduate degree program for the awarding of the master's degree. -
The Frontiers of American Grand Strategy: Settlers, Elites, and the Standing Army in America’S Indian Wars
THE FRONTIERS OF AMERICAN GRAND STRATEGY: SETTLERS, ELITES, AND THE STANDING ARMY IN AMERICA’S INDIAN WARS A Dissertation submitted to the Faculty of the Graduate School of Arts and Sciences of Georgetown University in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the degree of Doctor of Philosophy in Government By Andrew Alden Szarejko, M.A. Washington, D.C. August 11, 2020 Copyright 2020 by Andrew Alden Szarejko All Rights Reserved ii THE FRONTIERS OF AMERICAN GRAND STRATEGY: SETTLERS, ELITES, AND THE STANDING ARMY IN AMERICA’S INDIAN WARS Andrew Alden Szarejko, M.A. Thesis Advisor: Andrew O. Bennett, Ph.D. ABSTRACT Much work on U.S. grand strategy focuses on the twentieth and twenty-first centuries. If the United States did have a grand strategy before that, IR scholars often pay little attention to it, and when they do, they rarely agree on how best to characterize it. I show that federal political elites generally wanted to expand the territorial reach of the United States and its relative power, but they sought to expand while avoiding war with European powers and Native nations alike. I focus on U.S. wars with Native nations to show how domestic conditions created a disjuncture between the principles and practice of this grand strategy. Indeed, in many of America’s so- called Indian Wars, U.S. settlers were the ones to initiate conflict, and they eventually brought federal officials into wars that the elites would have preferred to avoid. I develop an explanation for settler success and failure in doing so. I focus on the ways that settlers’ two faits accomplis— the act of settling on disputed territory without authorization and the act of initiating violent conflict with Native nations—affected federal decision-making by putting pressure on speculators and local elites to lobby federal officials for military intervention, by causing federal officials to fear that settlers would create their own states or ally with foreign powers, and by eroding the credibility of U.S. -
The Mckee Treaty of 1790: British-Aboriginal Diplomacy in the Great Lakes
The McKee Treaty of 1790: British-Aboriginal Diplomacy in the Great Lakes A thesis submitted to the College of Graduate and Postdoctoral Studies In partial fulfilment of the requirements for MASTER OF ARTS in the Department of History UNIVERSITY OF SASKATCHEWAN Saskatoon by Daniel Palmer Copyright © Daniel Palmer, September 2017 All Rights Reserved Permission to Use In presenting this thesis/dissertation in partial fulfilment of the requirements for a Postgraduate degree from the University of Saskatchewan, I agree that the Libraries of this University may make it freely available for inspection. I further agree that permission for copying of this thesis/dissertation in any manner, in whole or in part, for scholarly purposes may be granted by the professor or professors who supervised my thesis/dissertation work or, in their absence, by the Head of the Department or the Dean of the College in which my thesis work was done. It is understood that any copying or publication or use of this thesis/dissertation or parts thereof for financial gain shall not be allowed without my written permission. It is also understood that due recognition shall be given to me and to the University of Saskatchewan in any scholarly use which may be made of any material in my thesis/dissertation. Requests for permission to copy or to make other uses of materials in this thesis/dissertation in whole or part should be addressed to: Head of the Department of History HUMFA Administrative Support Services Room 522, Arts Building University of Saskatchewan 9 Campus Drive Saskatoon, Saskatchewan S7N 5A5 i Abstract On the 19th of May, 1790, the representatives of four First Nations of Detroit and the British Crown signed, each in their own custom, a document ceding 5,440 square kilometers of Aboriginal land to the Crown that spring for £1200 Quebec Currency in goods. -
TIDSLINJE FÖR WESTERNS UTVECKLING 50 000 F.Kr 30 000 F
För att söka uppgifter, gå till programmets sökfunktion (högerklicka var som helst på sidan så kommer det upp en valtabell TIDSLINJE FÖR WESTERNS UTVECKLING där kommandot "Sök (enkel)" finns. Klicka där och det kommer upp ett litet ifyllningsfält uppe i högra hörnet. Där kan ni skriva in det ord ni söker efter och klicka sedan på någon av de triangelformade pilsymbolerna. Då söker programmet tidpunkt för senaste uppdatering 28 Juli 2020 (sök i kolumn "infört dat ") närmaste träff på det sökta ordet, vilket då markeras med ett blått fält. tidsper datum mån dag händelse länkar för mera information (rapportera ref. infört dat länkar som inte fungerar) 50 000 50000 f. Kr De allra tidigaste invandrarna korsar landbryggan där Berings Sund nu ligger och vandrar in på den Nordamerikanska http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Native_Americans_in 1 _the_United_States f.Kr kontinenten troligen redan under tidigare perioder då inlandsisen drog sig tillbaka. Kanske redan så tidigt som för 50’000 år sedan. Men det här finns inga bevis för.Under den senaste nedisningen, som pågick under tiden mellan 26’000 år sedan och fram till för 13’300 år sedan, var så stora delar av den Nordamerikanska kontinenten täckt av is, att någon mera omfattande människoinvandring knappast har kunnat ske. Den allra senaste invandringen beräknas ha skett så sent som ett par tusen år före Kristi Födelse. De sista människogrupper som då invandrade utgör de vi numera kallar Inuiter (Eskimåer). Eftersom havet då hade stigit över den tidigare landbryggan, måste denna sena invandring antingen ha skett med någon form av båt/kanot, eller så har det vintertid funnits tillräckligt med is för att människorna har kunnat ta sig över. -
Occasional Bulletins HENRY BURBECK
No. 3 The Papers of Henry Burbeck Clements Library October 2014 OccasionalTHE PAPERS OF HENRY Bulletins BURBECK hen Henry Burbeck fought at the Battle of Bunker Hill Schopieray details, other caches of Burbeck material went to the on June 17, 1775, he had just celebrated his twenty-first Fraunces Tavern Museum in New York, the New London County Wbirthday. The son of a British colonial official who was (Connecticut) Historical Society , the Burton Historical Collection at second in command of Old Castle William in Boston Harbor, young the Detroit Public Library, the United States Military Academy, the Henry could not have foreseen that he would spend the next four New York Public Library, the Newberry Library, and to dealers and decades in ded- collectors. But it icated service to wasn’t until 2011 a new American that the majority nation. In of Burbeck’s those forty manuscripts went years, at half up for sale at a dozen Heritage Auctions Revolutionary in Los Angeles. War battles, at We learned about West Point, at that a day before forts and out- the auction, and posts up and our hurried down the west- run at the papers ern frontier, at fell short. Three the court mar- years later, with tial of James the new Norton Wilkinson, and Strange as Chief of the Townshend Fund In 1790 Henry Burbeck established Fort St. Tammany on the St. Mary’s River, the boundary Artillery Corps providing much- between Georgia and Spanish Florida. He commanded there until 1792. Surgeon’s Mate Nathan from 1802 to needed support Hayward presented Burbeck with this view of the finished fort. -
Newton County Indian Trails and Pioneer Roads in This Issue
Volume 22, Issue One A publication of the Newton County Historical Society, Inc. Winter 2016 $3.00 Newton County: Indiana’s Youngest County Newton County Indian Trails and Pioneer Roads In this issue .... by Beth Bassett The wilderness in the early days was marked by many Indian trails, caused by different parties of Indians travelling frequently over the same routes to hunt or trade. Their path usually Indian Trails and Pioneer Roads followed that of least resistance, avoiding swamps, bogs and stony places; choosing light and dry ground. Sometimes they would follow the traces made by buffalo and deer, going to salt The First To Arrive: Early Settlers licks and watering places. In peace times, hunting parties would follow those trails that afforded 1816, A Year Without Summer them the opportunity to camp and rest in the groves and woodlands. To the settlers, these paths were not always plainly marked. In places they would be lost in the expanse of the plains, or Newton County, Another Place disappeared into the marshes and lowlands. Another Time: Millinnea-1840 The general outlines of the larger trails were fairly well fixed. There might be two or three paths • The Northwest Territory in some places, but these may later converge and run together. And in others, the path could • The Land of the Potawatomi totally disappear, only to appear later down the path. • Potawatomi Facts In the pioneer era, they provided the most direct path to the early town of Morocco; to the settlers along the Iroquois and the first Jasper County Courthouse; thence onward east to • The Secession of Lands Rensselaer. -
Working Towards Community-Engaged Research
Working Towards Community-Engaged Research with American Indian Tribes Christine Thompson Applied Anthropology Laboratories, Ball State University October 4, 2019 Betsy Helder’s request: “present on your experience with the process of consulting with American Indian tribes during your investigation of the battles at Fort Recovery. Ideally, the session would cover not just what you did, but what you learned from the process that can be helpful to historical sites as they work on their own similar projects.” Abstract The Northwest Indian War Battles of the Wabash (1791) and Fort Recovery (1794) involved multiple tribes and the U.S. military. Archaeological research supported by the Fort Recovery Historical Society has evolved from sharing to reviewing to collaborating with descendent American Indian tribes. We share our many lessons learned as we work towards community-engaged research with all stakeholders. Topics 1. Battle of the Wabash (1791) 2. Battle of Fort Recovery (1794) 3. Archaeological and preservation research 4. Community-engaged research 5. Evolution of tribal involvement 6. Lessons learned and tips My Experiences – Huge Team • Introduction • Fort Recovery Historical Society • Ohio History Connection o battlefield, museum, fort, monument • Ball State research team • Tribal partners • Community of Fort Recovery • Funding agencies BSU Applied Anthropology Laboratories Research Team Funding Agencies Fort Recovery Historical Society Ohio History Community of Connection Fort Recovery Descendent Tribes * Relationships not to scale Topics 1. Battle of the Wabash (1791) 2. Battle of Fort Recovery (1794) 3. Archaeological and preservation research 4. Evolution of tribal involvement 5. Community-engaged research 6. Lessons learned and Tips Northwest Indian War Timeline • 1783 – Treaty of Paris • 1785/6 – Western Indian Confederacy formed • 1787 – Northwest Ordinance • 1790 – Harmar’s Campaign • 1791 – St. -
Old-Guard-Williamsburg.Pdf
TWO OF AMERICA‟S PREEMINENT FIFE AND DRUM CORPS THE COLONIAL WILLIAMSBURG FIFES AND DRUMS AND THE U.S. ARMY OLD GUARD FIFE AND DRUM CORPS SHARE COMMON ROOTS AND LEGACY By William H. Casterline, Jr. March 15, 2010 Revised April 25, 2011 Over 50 years ago the Colonial Williamsburg Fifes and Drums made its first performance by two fifers and two drummers on July 4, 1958.1 During the 1960‟s the CW Corps became one of the preeminent fife and drum corps in America, playing traditional historic music and wearing Revolutionary War uniforms. Over the years the CW Corps, which celebrated its 50th anniversary in 2008, has become an iconic symbol of Colonial Williamsburg itself. From its earliest years, the CW Corps shared common roots and close contacts with the U.S. Army Old Guard Fife and Drum Corps, which also plays traditional historic music and wears Revolutionary War uniforms. The contacts between the two corps have continued for 50 years to this day. Indeed, in many ways, it can be said the two units are sister corps. The U.S. Army Old Guard Fife and Drum Corps celebrates its 50th anniversary this year. This corps is the only unit of its kind in the U.S. Military. It is part of the 3rd U.S. Infantry Regiment, “The Old Guard,” which is the oldest active duty infantry regiment in the U.S. Army, stationed at Ft. Myer, Virginia. The regiment received its name from General Winfield Scott during a victory parade in Mexico City in 1847 following its valorous performance in the Mexican War.2 The unit plays for parades, pageants, dignitaries and historical celebrations in Washington, D.C., and around the country. -
Teacher Resource Lesson Plan
TEACHER RESOURCE LESSON PLAN MULTIPLE PERSPECTIVES: FRENCH AND INDIAN WAR MI GLCES – GRADE THREE SOCIAL STUDIES H3 – History of Michigan Through Statehood • 3-H3.0.5 - Use informational text and visual data to compare how American Indians and settlers in the early history of Michigan adapted to, used, and modified their environment. • 3-H3.0.6 - Use a variety of sources to describe interactions that occurred between American Indians and the first European explorers and settlers in Michigan. INTRODUCTION • 3-H3.0.8 – Use case studies or stories to This lesson helps third grade students understand describe how the ideas or actions of individuals the life and culture in Detroit during the British affected the history of Michigan. occupation between 1760 and 1796. The lesson includes a comprehensive background essay, a list COMMON CORE ANCHOR STANDARDS - ELA of additional resources, and copies of worksheets and primary sources. Reading • 1 - Read closely to determine what the text says explicitly and to make logical inferences from ESSENTIAL QUESTIONS it; cite specific textual evidence when writing What impact did the French and Indian War have on or speaking to support conclusions drawn from the French, the British, and the Native Americans in the text. Detroit and Michigan? • 9 - Analyze how two or more texts address similar themes or topics in order to build LEARNING OBJECTIVES knowledge or to compare the approaches the Students will: authors take. • Learn about the impact of the French and Indian Writing War in Detroit, Michigan, and North America. • 1 - Write arguments to support claims in an • Consider multiple perspectives in history, analysis of substantive topics or texts, using particularly the points of view of the French, valid reasoning and relevant and sufficient British, and Native Americans. -
Indian Country and the Territory Clause: Washington's Promise at the Framing
American University Law Review Volume 68 Issue 1 Article 4 2018 Indian Country and the Territory Clause: Washington's Promise at the Framing John Hayden Dossett Northwestern School of Law of Lewis & Clark Follow this and additional works at: https://digitalcommons.wcl.american.edu/aulr Part of the Indian and Aboriginal Law Commons, Legal History Commons, and the United States History Commons Recommended Citation Dossett, John Hayden (2018) "Indian Country and the Territory Clause: Washington's Promise at the Framing," American University Law Review: Vol. 68 : Iss. 1 , Article 4. Available at: https://digitalcommons.wcl.american.edu/aulr/vol68/iss1/4 This Article is brought to you for free and open access by the Washington College of Law Journals & Law Reviews at Digital Commons @ American University Washington College of Law. It has been accepted for inclusion in American University Law Review by an authorized editor of Digital Commons @ American University Washington College of Law. For more information, please contact [email protected]. Indian Country and the Territory Clause: Washington's Promise at the Framing This article is available in American University Law Review: https://digitalcommons.wcl.american.edu/aulr/vol68/ iss1/4 INDIAN COUNTRY AND THE TERRITORY CLAUSE: WASHINGTON’S PROMISE AT THE FRAMING JOHN HAYDEN DOSSETT* This Article explores the Territory Clause, Article IV, Section 3, as a source of power for federal laws in “Indian country,” as defined at 18 U.S.C § 1151. In contrast to plenary power doctrine, the Territory Clause offers a textual source of authority to regulate matters unrelated to commerce, such as criminal jurisdiction, in Indian country. -
Luke Scheer Papers 1630-2002
Myaamia Collection: Luke Scheer Papers 1630-2002 OVERVIEW OF THE COLLECTION Title: Luke Scheer Papers Creator: Luke Scheer (1904-1985) Dates: 1630-2002 Media: Correspondence, Legal Documents, Historical Manuscripts, Maps Quantity: 4.25 linear feet Location: Closed Stacks Manuscript Shelving COLLECTION SUMMARY This collection contains the research collection of amateur historian, Luke Scheer (1904-1905), and covers a variety of topics related to Native Americans in the Midwest, particularly the Miami Tribe. PROVENANCE OF THE COLLECTION After Luke Scheer’s death this collection was left to his widow Erma Scheer. She subsequently split the collection in half, giving half of the collection to the Archives of the Miami Tribe of Oklahoma and half to a friend, Jean Gernand. After Erma’s death, Jean gave her half of the collection to Daryl Baldwin, a citizen of the Miami Tribe of Oklahoma and Director of the then Myaamia Project, who donated this half of the collection to the Myaamia Collection at Miami University. BIOGRAPHICAL INFORMATION In 1904, Luke Scheer was born to Jacob and Elizabeth (Braddock) Scheer in Huntington County, Indiana, a place which had an historical and contemporary Myaamia presence. From an early [Luke Scheer Papers] Page 2 age he was interested in Native history, his mother Elizabeth was raised in St. Marys, Kansas, which had been a Jesuit Mission for the Pottawatomi. As a child in Indiana he attended Myaamia-center events, such as the 100th birthday of Kiilhsoohkwa, the granddaughter of Mihšikinaahkwa (Little Turtle). In 1936, he married Erma Webster and had two sons, James and Luke Scheer. As an adult Mr. -
Contact and Dispossession
Contact and Dispossession By Juliette Tran Interactions between Native Americans and Europeans in the Great Lakes Region have been the subject of groundbreaking works in American history. But there was more to the story than previously thought, as D. Nichols underlines Lakes Indians’ effective forms of resistance and strategies of survival About: David Andrew Nichols, Peoples of the Inland Sea: Native Americans and Newcomers in the Great Lakes Region, 1600–1870, Athens, OH, Ohio University Press, 2018. Stretching from the outflow of Lake Ontario into the Saint Lawrence River in the East to present-day Minnesota in the American Midwest, the Great Lakes region has a long history of human occupation. These resource-rich “inland seas” and their surrounding shorelands and woodlands attracted Paleo-Indians, Pre-Columbian Indians, and European newcomers from the seventeenth-century onward. The history of contact between Europeans and Lakes Indians has produced landmarks in American historiography, from Francis Parkman’s Conspiracy of Pontiac in the middle of the nineteenth century to Richard White’s groundbreaking Middle Ground in 1991.1 The author of two books about Indian-white relations on the American frontier— Red Gentlemen and White Savages (2008) and Engines of Diplomacy (2016)—, Andrew David Nichols has drawn on recent historiography to write a new, synthetic history of the Great Lakes region in the contact era (1600-1870). Intended as a synthesis 1 Richard WHITE, The Middle Ground. Indians, Empires, and Republics in the Great Lakes Region, 1650- 1815, Cambridge, RU, Cambridge University Press, 1991. of contemporary studies for the classroom, Peoples of the Inland Sea nonetheless challenges several conventional ideas about Native American history.