Bangladesh Studies O Level (7094) Pilot Textbook Topic 1 (A) Influence of Major Cultural Figures

Total Page:16

File Type:pdf, Size:1020Kb

Bangladesh Studies O Level (7094) Pilot Textbook Topic 1 (A) Influence of Major Cultural Figures Bangladesh Studies O Level (7094) Pilot Textbook Topic 1 (a) Influence of major cultural figures Purpose of this chapter This chapter covers Topic 1 of the five History & Culture Topics in the syllabus for the Cambridge GCE Ordinary Level Bangladesh Studies (syllabus 7094, Paper 1). It introduces candidates to: the influence of major cultural figures (Topic 1a) a general background of key developments in Bengali language, literature, art, architecture, folk culture and other cultural practices that shape the culture of Bangladesh (Topic 1b). Teachers should note that the material provided here should form the basis of what is needed to answer the compulsory question in the examination. However, it is hoped that candidates will be able to draw on a wide variety of cultural experiences (by being exposed to poetry, song, dance, drama and local sites of historical interest) and on any other cultural figures to support their answers. Pictures of many cultural figures can be found in: http://banglapedia.search.com.bd Exam guidance Teachers should note that candidates should be familiar with the influence of key figures on the culture of Bangladesh. They may provide information on any key figures (e.g. those suggested in Section 1b) to support their answers, but to restrict demands made on teachers and candidates, the University of Cambridge International Examinations (CIE) has decided that specific questions will only be asked on the following major figures: Alaol Lalon Shah Mir Mosharraf Hossain Rabindranath Tagore Begum Rokeya Kazi Nazrul Islam Jasimuddin Zainul Abedin. Candidates are not expected to have studied the works of such exponents in detail, but should be able to comment on their contribution to developments in, for example, language, literature, drama, dance, music, painting or architecture. Topic 1a: Influence of major cultural figures Alaol Summary A seventeenth-century poet who translated famous works in Bangla as well as writing his own songs and poetry. He has a prestigious library named after him. An aristocratic background Syed Alaol is one of the most famous Bengali poets of the Middle Ages. He was born around 1607 AD. There are disagreements over the place of his birth. Some scholars suggest that he was born in Chittagong while others say Faridpur. Alaol's father was a minister of Majlish Kutub, the ruler of Fatwabad (Fatehabad). Since he was born into an aristocratic family, Alaol received a good education in his early years. He learnt Bangla, Sanskrit, Arabic and Persian languages as well as the art of war and music. Captured by pirates On one occasion when Alaol was quite young, he was going to Chittagong with his father by boat. On the way, they were attacked by Portuguese pirates. The pirates killed his father and captured him. He was sent to Arakan in Myanmar. Young Alaol found work as a bodyguard in Arakan. Later he worked as a teacher of music and dance in a well-to-do family. His poetic talent soon became well known and he was able to secure a place at the royal court of Arakan where he received royal patronage. Among his patrons were Syed Musa (Royal Minister), Solaiman (Chief Minister), Mohammad Khan (Minister of Army), Majlis Nabaraj (Minister of Taxation) and Magan Thakur, the Prime Minister and the adopted son of the king's sister. Translations and original work Alaol was a prolific writer. His most significant contributions to Bangla literature were made through translations of famous works in different languages into Bangla. His masterpiece, Padmavati, is a translation of a Hindi poem Padmavat by Malik Mohammad Jayasi. Most of his other translations were made from Persian and include Saifulmuluk Badiuzzamal, Satimayana-Lor-Chandrani, Saptapaykar, Sikandarnama and Tohfa. But Alaol also produced his own original works. These include a number of songs, mostly vaishav, and a book on the art of music, Ragtalnama. Alaol is mostly hailed as one of the great poets who introduced romantic themes in Bangla poetry. Another characteristic of his works was that though they were mostly translated from other languages, his creative touch and unique style made the works essentially the property of the Bangla language. In addition to contributing to Bangla literature, Alaol also paid attention to questions of religion and morality, which were reflected in his Tohfa. An award in his name Alaol died around 1673 in Hat Hazari of Chittagong. A prestigious literary award in his name, Alaol Sahitya Purashkar, has been introduced to recognise important works in contemporary Bangla. Comprehension Questions 1. When did Aloal live? What interesting things happened to him in his life? 2. In which areas of culture did he work? 3. Some people say Aloal is not very important because he just translated the works of other people into Bangla. This is not a correct view. Write down three reasons why he deserves to be called a major cultural figure in the history of Bangladesh. Research Task How many names can you find of contemporary writers who have received the Alaol Sahitya Purashkar? Lalon Shah Summary A baul guru born in the eighteenth century who made a major impact through his songs about equality and the meaning of human life. Unusually, his work was not written down, but was passed on by his followers. Sketch of Lalon Shah by Jotinthranath Tagor from Banglapedia, Asiatic Society of Bangladesh Bauls Lalon Shah was a legendary baul of Bangladesh. Bauls are bands of people who compose and sing devotional folk songs in the villages. Though they are generally seen all over Bangladesh, they are mostly found in the districts of Kushtia, Meherpur, Chuadanga, Jhenidah, Faridpur, Jessore and Pabna. They do not follow any specific religious belief, neither do they believe in idol worship or differences in caste or creed. They are humanists who believe that all men and women are equal. They believe that nobody is a born baul, but one needs a baul guru to become a baul. Lalon Shah was one such baul guru. Research Task and Activity Find out more about the bauls of Bangladesh. Students can form groups and act out the induction of bauls by their spiritual leaders. Abandoned and a new community Very little is known about the family background of Lalon Shah. He is said to have been born in Harishpur village in Jhenidah district in 1772 AD. Some scholars say that he was born into a Hindu Kayastha family in Bhandara village in Kushtia district. Legend has it that when he was young, he caught smallpox and was abandoned by his community. He was picked up in a critical condition by a Muslim faqir called Siraj Sain who nursed him back to health. When he went back home he was not welcome by his community. So he returned to Siraj Sain and was inducted by him and came to be known as Lalon Shah Faqir. He married a Muslim woman and set up his ashram in the village of Chheuriya to compose and practise his songs. He had a considerable number of followers who included both Hindus and Muslims. Universal spiritual songs Lalon did not receive any formal education but he had extensive knowledge of Hindu and Muslim religious traditions. He composed about two thousands spiritual songs The contents of his songs, though composed in simple words, speak of his deeper understanding of the meaning of human life and the philosophy of equality and non-communalism. Lalon's songs were created in a rural context, but the message these songs conveyed was universal in nature. Therefore he gained popularity not only among ordinary countrymen, but also among the educated urban people. It is this universal message which made Lalon's song spread far and wide but also last through the centuries. This is why Lalon had influence not only on his great contemporary, the poet Rabindranath Tagore, but also on many creative minds of today's Bangladesh. There are no written copies of Lalons songs, but they were later transmitted orally by his disciples. Lalon died on 17 October 1890 at his ashram in Chheuriya. Comprehension Questions 1. Lalon Shah was a baul guru. What does this mean? 2. Lalon Shah did not have a formal education, so why was he able to be so influential? 3. Describe at least two ways in which we can prove that Lalon was very influential. Research Task Find out some of the singers of Lalon's songs. Discussion Question Choose a partner. Here are two statements: 1. Alaol was much more important than Lalon Shah in our cultural heritage. 2. Lalon Shah was much more important than Alaol in our cultural heritage. 3. Pick one statement each and try to persuade your partner that your statement is the correct one. Mir Mosharraf Hossain Summary A nineteenth-century novelist and playwright who wrote for over 50 years on history and Islamic beliefs. He used satire to criticise wrongs in society. He has a statue erected to him in Kolkata. Picture: You can find a picture of Mir Musharraf Hossain in Banglapedia and Prothom Alo (Dhaka newspaper) in Eid Issue (November 2003) Magazine. Zamindar family Mir Mosharraf Hossain is a well-known novelist, playwright, essayist and journalist of the nineteenth century. He was born in a zamindar family in 1847 AD at Lahiripara of Kushtia. All about Mir Mosharraf Hossain's life can be found in his autobiography Amar Jiboni (My Life) and his wife's biography, Bibi Kulsum. Mir Mosharraf Hossain's early education began at home where he was taught Arabic and Persian. He learnt Bangla at a pathshala (village school). His formal education took place at Kushtia School and Krishnanagar Collegiate School. Later on he was admitted into Kolkata Kalighat School but could not complete his studies.
Recommended publications
  • Poetry and History: Bengali Maṅgal-Kābya and Social Change in Precolonial Bengal David L
    Western Washington University Western CEDAR A Collection of Open Access Books and Books and Monographs Monographs 2008 Poetry and History: Bengali Maṅgal-kābya and Social Change in Precolonial Bengal David L. Curley Western Washington University, [email protected] Follow this and additional works at: https://cedar.wwu.edu/cedarbooks Part of the Near Eastern Languages and Societies Commons Recommended Citation Curley, David L., "Poetry and History: Bengali Maṅgal-kābya and Social Change in Precolonial Bengal" (2008). A Collection of Open Access Books and Monographs. 5. https://cedar.wwu.edu/cedarbooks/5 This Book is brought to you for free and open access by the Books and Monographs at Western CEDAR. It has been accepted for inclusion in A Collection of Open Access Books and Monographs by an authorized administrator of Western CEDAR. For more information, please contact [email protected]. Table of Contents Acknowledgements. 1. A Historian’s Introduction to Reading Mangal-Kabya. 2. Kings and Commerce on an Agrarian Frontier: Kalketu’s Story in Mukunda’s Candimangal. 3. Marriage, Honor, Agency, and Trials by Ordeal: Women’s Gender Roles in Candimangal. 4. ‘Tribute Exchange’ and the Liminality of Foreign Merchants in Mukunda’s Candimangal. 5. ‘Voluntary’ Relationships and Royal Gifts of Pan in Mughal Bengal. 6. Maharaja Krsnacandra, Hinduism and Kingship in the Contact Zone of Bengal. 7. Lost Meanings and New Stories: Candimangal after British Dominance. Index. Acknowledgements This collection of essays was made possible by the wonderful, multidisciplinary education in history and literature which I received at the University of Chicago. It is a pleasure to thank my living teachers, Herman Sinaiko, Ronald B.
    [Show full text]
  • A Guide to Bangladesh a Fulbright Experience
    A Guide to Bangladesh A Fulbright Experience The American Center U.S. Embassy Annex J Block, Progoti Sharoni Baridhara, Dhaka 1212 (opposite the U.S. Embassy) Bangladesh Telephone: 88-02-8855500-22 Fax: 88-02-9881677 Contact Information Location of the Public Affairs Office: The American Center U.S. Embassy Annex J Block, Progoti Sharoni Baridhara, Dhaka 1212 (Opposite the U.S.Embassy And Next to Notun Bazar) Phone: Number: 8855500-22 Calling From Overseas To Country Code: (880) Dhaka City Code: (2) + Number Points of First Contact for Inquiries (at The American Center): Cultural Affairs Specialist Shaheen Khan Email: [email protected] Work phone – 8855500-22, Ext. 2811 Cell Phone – 01713-043-749 Cultural Affairs Officer for Education and Exchange Ryan G. Bradeen Email: [email protected] Work phone – 8855500-22, ext. 2805 Cell phone – 01730013982 Cultural Affairs Assistant Raihana Sultana E-mail: [email protected] Work phone: 8855500-22, Ext. 2816 Cell phone – 01713-243852 Location of the United States Embassy: U.S. Embassy Madani Avenue Baridhara, Dhaka, Bangladesh Phone: 885-5500 Website: http://dhaka.usembssy.gov American Citizen Services: located in the Consular Section of the U.S. Embassy. Drop-in hours are Sunday through Thursday, 1:00 – 4:00 pm After-hours Emergency: call (2) 882-3805 Congratulations on receiving the Fulbright grant! We look forward to welcoming you to Bangladesh soon. During your stay in Bangladesh it is important that you maintain a relationship with the U.S. Mission in order to successfully participate in the program. This involves close contact with The American Center.
    [Show full text]
  • Downloaded From
    Arakan and Bengal : the rise and decline of the Mrauk U kingdom (Burma) from the fifteenth to the seventeeth century AD Galen, S.E.A. van Citation Galen, S. E. A. van. (2008, March 13). Arakan and Bengal : the rise and decline of the Mrauk U kingdom (Burma) from the fifteenth to the seventeeth century AD. Retrieved from https://hdl.handle.net/1887/12637 Version: Not Applicable (or Unknown) Licence agreement concerning inclusion of doctoral thesis in the License: Institutional Repository of the University of Leiden Downloaded from: https://hdl.handle.net/1887/12637 Note: To cite this publication please use the final published version (if applicable). CHAPTER TWO THE ORIGINS OF THE MRAUK U KINGDOM (1430 – 1593) The sixteenth century saw the rise to power in south-eastern Bengal of the Arakanese kingdom. At the same time the Mughals entered Bengal from the northwest and came into contact with the Arakanese. The arrival of the Mughals and the Arakanese in Bengal would spark a conflict between both parties for control over the economic heart of Bengal situated around Dhaka and Sripur. The war over Bengal would last for approximately ninety years. Starting in the early fifteenth century this Chapter describes the origins of the Mrauk U kingdom and the beginnings of the Ninety Years’ War. 2.1 The early years of the Mrauk U kingdom From the third decade of the fifteenth century the Arakanese kings of Mrauk U extended their hold over the Arakanese littoral. The coastal areas and the major islands Ramree and Cheduba were slowly brought under their control.1 During the sixteenth century successive Arakanese kings were able to gain control over the most important entrepôt of Bengal, Chittagong.
    [Show full text]
  • Revisit to Dhaka University As the Symbol of Bengal Partition Sowmit Chandra Chanda Dr
    Academic Ramification in Colonial India: Revisit to Dhaka University as the Symbol of Bengal Partition Sowmit Chandra Chanda Dr. Neerja A. Gupta PhD Research Scholar under Dr. Neerja A. Director & Coordinator, Department of Gupta, Department of Diaspora and Diaspora and Migration Studies, SAP, Migration Studies, SAP, Gujarat Gujarat University, Ahmedabad, India. University, Ahmedabad, India. Abstract: It has been almost hundred years since University of Dhaka was established back in 1921. It was the 13th University built in India under the Colonial rule. It was that like of dream comes true object for those people who lived in the eastern part of Indian Sub-continent under Bengal presidency in the British period. But when the Bengal partition came into act in 1905, people from the new province of East Bengal and Assam were expecting a faster move from the government to establish a university in their capital city. But, with in 6 years, the partition was annulled. The people from the eastern part was very much disappointed for that, but they never left that demand to have a university in Dhaka. After some several reports and commissions the university was formed at last. But, in 1923, in the first convocation of the university, the chancellor Lord Lytton said this university was given to East Bengal as a ‘splendid Imperial compensation’. Which turns our attention to write this paper. If the statement of Lytton was true and honest, then certainly Dhaka University stands as the foremost symbol of both the Bengal Partition in the academic ramification. Key Words: Partition, Bengal Partition, Colony, Colonial Power, Curzon, University, Dhaka University etc.
    [Show full text]
  • Roquiah Sakhawat Hossein1 to Taslima Nasrin
    ASIATIC, VOLUME 10, NUMBER 1, JUNE 2016 From Islamic Feminism to Radical Feminism: Roquiah Sakhawat Hossein1 to Taslima Nasrin Niaz Zaman2 Independent University, Bangladesh Abstract This paper examines four women writers who have contributed through their writings and actions to the awakening of women in Bangladesh: Roquiah Sakhawat Hossein, Sufia Kamal, Jahanara Imam and Taslima Nasrin. The first three succeeded in making a space for themselves in the Bangladesh tradition and carved a special niche in Bangladesh. All three of them were writers in different genres – poetry, prose, fiction – with the last best known for her diary about 1971. While these iconic figures contributed towards women’s empowerment or people’s rights in general, Taslima Nasrin is the most radically feminist of the group. However, while her voice largely echoes in the voices of young Bangladeshi women today – often unacknowledged – she has been shunned by her own country. The paper attempts to explain why, while other women writers have also said what Taslima Nasrin has, she alone is ostracised. Keywords Islamic feminism, radical feminism, gynocritics, purdah, 1971, Shahbagh protests In this paper, I wish to examine four women writers who have contributed through their writings and actions to the awakening of women in Bangladesh. Beginning with Roquiah Sakhawat Hossein (1880-1932), I will also discuss the roles played by Sufia Kamal (1911-99), Jahanara Imam (1929-94) and Taslima Nasrin (1962-). The first three succeeded in making a space for themselves in the Bangladesh tradition and carved a special niche in Bangladesh. All three of them were writers: Roquiah wrote poems, short stories, a novel, as well as prose pieces; Sufia Kamal was primarily a poet but also wrote a number of short 1 There is some confusion over the spelling of her name.
    [Show full text]
  • Feasible Micro Hydro Potentiality Exploration in Hill Tracts Of
    Global Journal of Researches in Engineering Electrical and Electronics Engineering Volume 12 Issue 9 Version 1.0 Year 2012 Type: Double Blind Peer Reviewed International Research Journal Publisher: Global Journals Inc. (USA) Online ISSN: 2249-4596 & Print ISSN: 0975-5861 Feasible Micro Hydro Potentiality Exploration in Hill Tracts of Bangladesh By Khizir Mahmud, Md. Abu Taher Tanbir & Md. Ashraful Islam Chittagong University of Engineering & Technology (CUET), Bangladesh Abstract - The energy demand is expected to grow rapidly in most developing countries over the next decades. For Bangladesh, economic growth has been accelerating and it is expected that the population will grow from an estimated 162.20 million people in 2011 to 200 million by 2050, with almost half of the population living in urban areas. For meeting the expected energy demand as the population will rise and to sustain economic growth, alternative form of energy – renewable energy needs to be expanded. This paper tries to explore the possibility of finding the renewable energy mainly from micro hydro in different places of Chittagong hill tract region by thoroughly describing present condition of energy along with data collection, calculation and feasibility of power generation from July 2011 to Jan 2012. Keywords : Bangladesh hill tract region, micro hydro, renewable energy. GJRE-F Classification : FOR Code: 090608 Feas ibleMicroHydroPotentialityExplorationinHillTractsofBangladesh Strictly as per the compliance and regulations of: © 2012. Khizir Mahmud, Md. Abu Taher Tanbir & Md. Ashraful Islam. This is a research/review paper, distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution-Noncommercial 3.0 Unported License http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/), permitting all non commercial use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited.
    [Show full text]
  • The Chittagonians in Colonial Arakan: Seasonal and Settlement Migrations Jacques Leider
    The Chittagonians in Colonial Arakan: Seasonal and Settlement Migrations Jacques Leider To cite this version: Jacques Leider. The Chittagonians in Colonial Arakan: Seasonal and Settlement Migrations. Morten Bergsmo; Wolfgang Kaleck; Kyaw Yin Hlaing. Colonial Wrongs and Access to International Law, 40, Torkel Opsahl Academic EPublisher, pp.177-227, 2020, Publication Series, 978-82-8348-134-1. hal- 02997366 HAL Id: hal-02997366 https://hal.archives-ouvertes.fr/hal-02997366 Submitted on 10 Nov 2020 HAL is a multi-disciplinary open access L’archive ouverte pluridisciplinaire HAL, est archive for the deposit and dissemination of sci- destinée au dépôt et à la diffusion de documents entific research documents, whether they are pub- scientifiques de niveau recherche, publiés ou non, lished or not. The documents may come from émanant des établissements d’enseignement et de teaching and research institutions in France or recherche français ou étrangers, des laboratoires abroad, or from public or private research centers. publics ou privés. Public Domain Colonial Wrongs and Access to International Law Morten Bergsmo, Wolfgang Kaleck and Kyaw Yin Hlaing (editors) E-Offprint: Jacques P. Leider, “The Chittagonians in Colonial Arakan: Seasonal and Settlement Migrations”, in Morten Bergsmo, Wolfgang Kaleck and Kyaw Yin Hlaing (editors), Colonial Wrongs and Access to International Law, Torkel Opsahl Academic EPub- lisher, Brussels, 2020 (ISBNs: 978-82-8348-133-4 (print) and 978-82-8348-134-1 (e- book)). This publication was first published on 9 November 2020. TOAEP publications may be openly accessed and downloaded through the web site https://www.toaep.org which uses Persistent URLs (PURLs) for all publications it makes available.
    [Show full text]
  • Downloaded License
    Journal of the Economic and Social History of the Orient 64 (2021) 217-250 brill.com/jesh Regimes of Diplomacy and Law: Bengal-China Encounters in the Early Fifteenth Century Mahmood Kooria Researcher, Leiden University, Leiden, The Netherlands and Visiting faculty, Ashoka University, Sonepat, Haryana, India [email protected] Abstract This article examines the Bengal–China connections between the Ilyās Shāhī and Ming dynasties in the early fifteenth century across the Bay of Bengal and South China Sea. It traces how law played a central role in the cultural geography and diplomatic vocabulary between individuals and communities in foreign lands, with their shared understanding of two nodal points of law. Diplomatic missions explicate how custom- ary, regional and transregional laws were entangled in inter-imperial etiquette. Then there were the religious orders of Islam that constituted an inner circle of imperial exchanges. Between the Ilyās Shāhī rule in Bengal and the Ming Empire in China, certain dimensions of Islamic law provided a common language for the circulation of people and ideas. Stretching between cities and across oceans the interpolity legal exchanges expose interesting aspects of the histories of China and Bengal. Keywords Bengal-China connections – Ming dynasty – Ilyās Shāhī dynasty – interpolity laws – diplomacy – Islam – Indian Ocean Introduction More than a decade ago JESHO published a special issue (49/4), edited by Kenneth R. Hall, on the transregional cultural and economic exchanges and diasporic mobility between South, Southeast and East Asia, an area usually © Mahmood Kooria, 2021 | doi:10.1163/15685209-12341536 This is an open access article distributed under the terms of the CC BY 4.0Downloaded license.
    [Show full text]
  • Life Members
    LIFE MEMBER of BBS LM no. Name & Address LM no. Name & Address L001 Prof. A. K. M. Nurul Islam L012. Prof. Khurshida Banu Fattah Deceased University of Dhaka Flat # B-3, House # 27 Dhaka-1000 Road # 5, Dhanmondi-R/A Dhaka-1205 L002 Dr. K.M. Sultanul Aziz Mob: 01711330019 House # 109, Road # 13A, Block C, Banani, Dhaka-1213 L013. Dr. Kazi Moslehuddin Ahmed Mob: 01819410315 Additional Director, Email: [email protected] Seed Certificate Agency L003 Dr. G. Panigrahi BARI, Joydebpur, Gazipur Deceased. A-13/3 Kalindi Housing Estate Kolkata 700 089 L014. Dr. Mohsin Ullah Patwary India Dean of Science and Professor of Biology, School of Science, Health & L004. Dr. Shrish C. Gupta Technology, Medgar Evers College of Professor the City University of New York Department of Botany 1638 Bedford Ave, Brooklyn, NY University of Delhi 11225, USA New Delhi, India Email:[email protected] L005. Dr. Lalita Sehgal L015 Prof. Dr. M. A. Malek Chowdhury Department of Botany Flat # 801, Rose Valley Gargi College 45 Kalabagan (1st Lane) New Delhi, India Dhanmondi, Dhaka-1205 L006. Ms. Kanan Nanda Mob: 01819025188, 01819642225 Department of Botany Email: [email protected] University of Delhi New Delhi, India L16 Prof. Dr. Tahsina Rahim House-9, Road-105 L007. Prof. Priyadarshan Sen Sarma Flat-B-4, Gulshan-2, Dhaka 8/P, Chandra Mondal Lane Mob: 01715067116 Kolkata 26, Indiaatique Email: [email protected] L008. Dr. Pranjit Sarma D-1, University Teachers Quarters L017 Dr. Shamsul Huda Chowdhury Tarabagh, P.O. & Dist. Burdwan Deceased House No. 4, Road No. 14 West Bengal, India Sector No.
    [Show full text]
  • Syllabus for Bcs (Written) Examination 1/210 সূচিপত্র
    SYLLABUS FOR BCS (WRITTEN) EXAMINATION সবয়শষব হোলনোগোদ: ২৩.০৮.২০২১ চিপত্র [Contents] (ক) আবচিক চবষয়স맂হ [Compulsory Subjects] ক্র: চবষয় ককোড চবষয়য়র নোম ꧃ষ্ঠোন ম্বর নং [Subject Code] [Subject Name] 1. 001 বাাংলা১ ম পত্র [Bangla 1st Paper] ৪ 2. 002 বাাংলা২ য় পত্র [Bangla 2nd Paper] ৪ 3. 003 ইাংরেজি [English] ৫ 4. 005 বাাংলারেশ জবষয়াবজল [Bangladesh Affairs] ৬-৭ 5. 007 আিাজ জিক জবষয়াবজল [International Affairs] ৮-৯ 6. 008 গাজিজিক 뷁জি [Mathematical Reasoning] ১০ 7. 009 মানজিক েিা [Mental Ability] ১১-১২ 8. 010 িাধােি জবজ্ঞান ও প্র뷁জি [General Science and Technology] ১৩-১৫ (খ) পদ-সংচিষ্ট চবষয়স맂হ [Post Related Subjects] [�鷁 কোচরগচর/য়পশোগত কযোডোয়রর জন্য (For Professional/Technical Cadre Only)] ক্র: চবষয় ককোড চবষয়য়র নোম ꧃ষ্ঠা নম্বর নং [Subject Code] [Subject Name] 1. 111 বাাংলা ভাষা ও িাজিিয [Bangla Language and Literature] ১৬ 2. 121 ইাংরেজি [English] ১৭ 3. 131 আেজব [Arabic] ১৮ 4. 141 ফোসী [Persian] ১৯ 5. 151 িাংস্কৃি [Sanskrit] ২০ 6. 161 পাজল [Pali ২১ 7. 171 মরনাজবজ্ঞান [Psychology] ২২-২৩ 8. 181 ইজিিাি [History] ২৪-২৫ 9. 191 ইিলারমে ইজিিাি ও িাংস্কৃজি [Islamic History & Culture] 26-27 10. 201 ইিলামী জশা [Islamic Studies] 28-29 11. 211 েশনজ [Philosophy] 30-31 12. 221 জশা [Education] 32-33 13. 231 প্রত্নিত্ত্ব [Archaeology] 34-36 14.
    [Show full text]
  • List of Voters
    List of Voters Life Members 203. Dr. M. A. Waheeduzzaman Associate Professor of History 8. Mr. Mustafa Hasan Eden Girls' College 17/26 Suklal Das Lane, Dhaka Azimpur Estate, Dhaka-1205 9. Mr. M. Hamid Ali 217. Dr. Bhuiyan Nurul Islam Tareq Manzil Professor (Retired) Plot# 52-A, Block# 2 House # 07, Road # 01, Sector # 07, PECH, Karachi, Pakistan Uttara Model Town, Dhaka-1230 14. Mr. A. Z. M. Shamsul Alam 224. Dr. Muhammad Ali Akbar Chairman Urban Harmony Al-Arafa Islami Bank Limited House # 362 (1/D), Road # 27 (Old), Dhanmondi R/A, Dhaka-1209 16. Mr. Anwarul Haque C/O- Md. Nasir 230. Professor Rafiqul Islam House # 69, Road # 8/A House # 44, Road # 05, Sector # 10 Dhanmondi R/A, Dhaka Uttara Model Town, Dhaka-1230 17. Mr. Iqbal Rashid Siddiqi 231. Professor Dr. Manzoor Hasan Macneill & Kilburns Ltd. House # 41, Road # 9/A Motijheel, Dhaka-1000 Suvastu Ruchira Dhanmondi R/A, Dhaka-1209 19. Dr. K. M. Karim PROSHANTI 233. Dr. A.M. Harun-ar-Rashid 177 West Monipur UGC Professor Mirpur, Dhaka-1216 House # 35/A, Road # 4, Flat # 1-B, Dhanmondi R/A, 109. Professor Harun-ur-Rashid Dhaka-1205 House # 26, Road # 10/A, Dhanmondi R/A, Dhaka 234. Dr. Asim Roy University of Tasmania 114. Professor Mahjuza Khanam Hobart 7001, Tasmania, Australia House # 05, Road# 11, Sector # 4, Uttara Model Town, Dhaka-1230 238. Mrs. L. Razzaq C/O-Mr. Razzaq Rahman 126. Mr. Mohammed Abdul Qadir 1 Outer Circular Road 57-Z, Uttar Maniknagar Malibagh, Dhaka-1212 P.O.-Wari, Dhaka-1203 239.
    [Show full text]
  • Lesser Known Capitals of Bengal Before Calcutta: Geo-Historical Aspects of ‘Tanda’
    International Bilingual Journal of Culture, Anthropology and Linguistics (IBJCAL), eISSN: 2582-4716 https://www.indianadibasi.com/journal/index.php/ibjcal/issue/view/3 VOLUME-2, ISSUE-1, ibjcal2020M01, pp. 1-10 1 Lesser Known Capitals of Bengal Before Calcutta: Geo-Historical Aspects of ‘Tanda’ Samir Ganguli Email: [email protected] ARTICLE INFO ABSTRACT Article history: Tanda was the capital of Sultan Sulaiman Khan Karrani, ruler of Received : 26.07.2020 Bengal, Bihar and Orissa, who shifted his capital from Gaur to Received (revised form): Tanda in 1565. It was the capital of Bengal Sultanate till 1576, till 01.09.2020 Sulaiman’s son Sultan Daud Khan, declared independence from the Accepted : 10.09.2020 Mughals which cost him his kingdom and life in 1576. Tanda Paper_Id : ibjcal2020M01 continued as the capital of Bengal Subah of the Mughals till Raja Man Singh shifted the capital to Rajmahal in 1595, except for a short period when the capital was shifted by Munim Khan to Gaur. Keywords: Tanda was located at the juncture of Padma and Bhagirathi, about Tanda 15 miles from Gaur. As happened with many cities of Bengal Bengal Sultanate located on the banks of rivers, Tanda also suffered the same fate. Sulaiman Karrani Tanda does not exist today. It is said that in about 1826, the city Daoud Karrani was destroyed by floods and disappeared into the river. Capitals of Bengal Lesser known capitals 1.0 Introduction Bengal has a rich history over hundreds of years and there have been many capitals in this part of the country over this period.
    [Show full text]