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'W w XYZ ["Beading. _ • J Henry A. Tyson was born December 14 183,.\ I near his present residence on Franklin street this city, and has resided in the immediate vicinity all his life. His education was gained in the public schools, and when but fifteen years of age he went to live with his uncle, John Brown, of Beading,from whom he learned too trade of a chairmaker, and remained with him until 1860. He afterwards worked at his trade with Jacob R. Bitter and Sohl, Seidel & Co., of this city, until 1876 when a vacancy oc- . eurnng in the office of city controller be was elected on the Democratic ticket to fill the va- i ?y- So wel1 did be execute his trust that in 1877 he was nominated and elected for a full term of two years. He served the term with acknowledged ability and to toe entire satisfac- I tion of the people. 1879 the National Greenback party, which I ! at that time numbered about 600 votes, pa. Mr. , Tyson forward as their candidate for mayor of the city. The Democratic party subsequently chose him as their candidate, while the Repub¬ lican party renominated Hon. Charles F. Evans who had already served three consecutive j terms in that capacity. By reason of a singu- }ar combination of circumstances and the fact i that Mr. Tyson was a man of recognized ability 1 and honor, he had the honor of being elected ! to the mayoralty by the largest majority ever 1 HON. HEN BY A. TYSON, given to any candidate for that office in the : history of the city, viz: eleven hundred and ! Seventeenth Mayor of Beading, Born 1832, Elect- eighty-one : I__ed 1879, Served One Term. rr 1879. Henry A. Tyson, Dem. i Charles F. Evans, Rep.2933 ! THE SEVENTEENTH MAYOR. Majority for Tyson. n81 I Hon Henry A. Tyson, Elected Chief Ma~is During his term many important ordinances trate of Reading in 1879, by the Target were passed by the city councils, new regula- MajorRy in the History of the City- tions instituted, and the government was ad- Sketch of the Useful Career of an l ministered in such a way as to be a credit to I Honored Official. ; [ him, and conducive to the best interests of the city. Mr. Tyson, during his term of office, ap¬ - Fading, Feb. 4.—Hon. Henry 4 TWm proved the ordinance granting the right to - Heading s seventeenth mayor ff/of ’ Feodum erect a soldiers’ monument in Penn square. During his official career the Antietam reser- : friends,s££* 00,1110 to this countrv nnr? > -p ' voir was enlarged, and in a special message he * £ urged public action towards securing toe eree- awnstrif .4?^ tion of a public building in this city by the National government. Since that time par¬ ticular efforts have been made in that direction and with such success that the foundations fora mmmm, splendid building, one that will be a credit to pleted^6 aU<^ na^on’ are already nearly eom- I ho mayor in a speech welcoming the fire¬ men of the state to Beading, at the time of the pfiSigl state firemen’s convention held in this city Dec 17, 1880, coupled together toe names of tne different volunteer companies belonging to the Beading fire department in the followino. ffirwR T^Pr language: ” Tyson, grandfather of the subiect 0^ wish of the Junior fire company to which I belong that the bright rays of the Rainbow bould ever shine upon yon; and it is my desiro that while you are in this citv of Reading the third city of the Keystone state, you win en ov Friendship and Liberty which was handed down by Washington and that you will Nfvfp- Hlin™K,l0Ilgafter,the waters of thl springs'of Hampden have run dry.” * to our sketch, and fourth child” and^ SlUbje0t °f the democrats again placed Mr. iyson m nomination for the mayoralty of toe / BfofoSd0 h^La™-Sn Wing J fear’ofTh6 reS'iit 0f this eleetion was the de-/ •but afterward di^ontfoueTftTn^ trade> feat of the gentleman for toe office as per the \ clerk in Eckert’s storeat Fom5hd b®ca“e a streets, where for manv vea ™ h^h iand Peim book^1USfr°m Mont«omery’s valuable hand- on the business of gauge/Wig the C,arried 188- m Beading who understock th^f * • only one William G. Rowe, Rep time. Iif1844 he ws^ew a® busme^at that Henry A. Tyson, bem ■3868 •'1831 on an independent ticket and se^JdforH^ Majority for Rowe. years to the great satisfaction of toe of of,/61 £yson uever was, is not now and it is not was^onored ^with1°th1/rmavoe gentleman who tlmf he? ever will be, a politician in toe sense was Mary Fasig, daughter oPwmfam Fa^ that he is on the hunt after office. He prefers business life to the vicissitudes always attend- "m" noiitical life, and upon his retirement f '** t '*> V? 2 1 ■M

: - BP - • _ Guam "office, and, whilst paying her re¬ 3e he became interested in securing! - i introducing the present Satisfactory system I spects, performed a number of interest¬ of lighting the sti'eets by electricity. He was ing acts, with the Telegram staff as secretary and treasurer of the company for a | her audience. Her conduct was so mat¬ 'time and all the original stock was subscribed ter of fact, obedient, prompt and sensi¬ through his solicitation. ble as to attract attraction; and believ¬ He is now connected with his son, A. Harvey ing that tbe many readers of the Tele¬ ' Tyson, osq., in conducting as a specialty the “Beading Investment company,” and is also gram on this Sunday morning would be the trusted collector for the Pennsylvania rail¬ pleased to know something about her, road in this city. Mr. Tyson was married Dec. some of the numerous tricks which she 23, 1855, to Miss Anna Shultz, of this city, and is capable of performing are here de¬ three children—A. Harvey Tyson, esq., Charles scribed. j _ H. Tyson, esq., and Estelle Tyson—the result j Upon greeting all with her method of of the union, are now living. “ He has always I saving “good morning,” her master been an earnest advocate of everything tend¬ ing to the material prosperity of his native looked around, and addressing “Friskie” place, and.is honored for the conscientious said, “Speak to the editor also.” She administration of his trust while holding office. replied promptly by uttering a “bow¬ The portrait from which the excellent likeness wow,” just as if she too said good-morn¬ accompanying this sketch was made was taken ing.” She was then asked to sit up and during the time he was mayor. He does not speak, when she responded by sitting up look much older now than then, and the wish of the Telegeam that he may long live to en gracefully and saying, not by barking, joy life and the society of his friends bids fair but by a peculiar dog speech, “bow-wow- to be realized. wow,” with a curious toss of the bead, just as if she were nodding recognition. Mr. Montgomery then directed her to AN EDOCATED PET DOG. jump on the chair near the reporters’ t table, sit up and speak; stand up; sit Called “Frislne” and Owned by Morton L. j down, etc., all of which she did, He Montgomery, l£sq.—What He Can Do. then asked her to walk to the other ena j A little dog resides at th6 head of Penn of the room, sit up, stand up, and walk street, and though still young, has al¬ to him (on her hind legs), all of which ready developed a large circle of friends she recognized by prompt obedience, ne through uniform gentleness of manner, then gave her a silver dollar and asked | a kindly and playful disposition and her to carry it to the editor, and she de¬ posited the dollar squarely in his hand in such a business-like way that it cre¬ ated a laugh, and she was patted on her silvery-haired head, in appreciation of of her kindness and unqualified confidence in newspaper integrity. | After fingering the coin somewhat she was told to take it back to her master, j when she took the dollar piece gently in her mouth and walked straight to j Mr. Montgomery, who then threw the dollar piece across the room onto a long table covered with the files of tne Telegram, and Friskie went for it as quick as a flash, bounding over five feet through the air, found the dollar and carried it to him. This is the first time, within the Telegram’s knowledge, that a canine had the courage to jump on a newspaper in its own establishment, and so Friskie and her master enter¬ tained the Telegram staff quite a little while, passing from one trick to another without the least confusion and without a single error. One of the most remarkable feats was in lumping without a run after a dollar by general intelligence and tractabilifcy. held five feet overhead and taking it The cut appearing at the head of this with ease, though five times her own article is a correct likeness of the dog in height. If the reader will try a similar acu an attitude similar to that frequently he will find that he cannot jump as high | noticed at the large window of 1104 as his knee. In conclusion Mr. Mont- j Penn street, taking observations of mat¬ gomsry said in a pleasant manner— ters and things going on before the “Friskie, go to the captain, sit up a pH uouse. This dog is a female silver skye- shake a good-bye,” and Friskie did. terrier, a native of Reading, aged nearly This little terrier can perform altogether two years, and is known by the name of about twenty-five tricks, and has been “Friskie,” The owner is Morton L. so thoroughly drilled that she knows Montgomery. The other day “Friskie” one from the other, just as well as a accompanied her master to the Tele- | little school girl knows the letters of the allphabet. Mr. Montgomery taught her all these tricks, and he says that his suc¬ Grand Army man, leaned forward in the cess was in gentle treatment and perse¬ seat immediately behind and interrupted verance. their conversation by saying: “Excuse me, gentlemen, but overhearing your conversation, I want to sav that I too have been much mistaken this evening RESEMBLANCES. ' for I took Mr. Montgomery to be Gem e^aLGrant- 1 have sat here behind him • th5 Y!aY £rom Reading and was con¬ Many Likenesses Observed in vinced that I was riding next to General One Person. ! Grant—mdeed, several times I was about to introduce myself as an army officer of the Civil War, but I would have made the same mistake that wa s made bv vou ’ ’ A READING LAWYER. j (alluding to the stranger). ’ j . , Treasurer John Sherman.

Mortou Ia. Montgomery, Esq., Taken For a About that same period, a certain .N amber of Prominent Men ot tlie Country Reading lawyer returned from Washing¬ Among Them President Harrison, Jay ton where he had spent several days and Gould, General Grant, Thomas Edison, meeting Mr Montgomery on Sixth V. S. Senator Sherman and Carl Schuiz. street near the court house, said to him “ a 2?08t Polite way: “Good morning A reporter of the Telegram stopped Mr. Treasurer, I hope you are well. The Morton L. Montgomery, esq., author of people of Reading are to be congratu¬ the History of Berks County, yesterday lated upon your distinguished pres¬ j and asked him for some historical infor- ence.” Mr. Montgomery looked at him j mation of the county, and whilst talking m a surprised and laughing manner and j with him a gentleman, who was passing, replied : “Excuse me, but I cannot un¬ I turned to Mr. Montgomery and in a most derstand what you mean. I see that cordial manner said: “How are you, you are awake and that I am not dream- cousin, I am very glad to see you!” Mr. mg.” He then said : “Well, you are the Montgomery looked at him somewhat exaet picture of John Sherman. The surprised, and in a smiling, easy manner only difference that I notice is that you j said: “Excuse me, but I fear you are are.not so tall and your hair is rot ! mistaken, for I don’t know that I am sprinkled with gray.” For some years your cousin.” “What!” said he, “I afterward as these two passed each other thought you were Mr. -,” and apolo- on the street the one lawyer said to his ! gazing he turned and went his way. younger professional brother, “Mr This led the reporter and Mr. Mont¬ Treasurer, good morning,” or something gomery to talk about the resemblances of the same nature. j ot men, and how some men are fre- Jay Gould. | quently taken for others. Mr. Mont¬ And a third incident occurred in New gomery described a number of instances York city whilst Mr. Montgomery was of his own experience in the last ten stopping at the Fifth Avenue Hotel. He years and to show how some people was conversing with a railroad contrac¬ have been mistaken in recognizing him tor, and another contractor was talking for somebody else we give the following: to a friend some distance away. Sud¬ General Grant. denly as the contractor last named m In the spring of 1882 Mr. Montgomery turned around he said to his friend, was riding on a Reading R. R. train to Look yonder, there stands Jay Gould! Philadelphia. Below Phoenixville, just When did he get here? I did not see as he had laid aside a newspaper, a mid¬ him enter and we just left friend- -« dle-aged man walked up to him from the (the other contractor).” “Why. no ” front end of the car and said to him in said the friend, “that’s not Gould,'that’s ! an earnest manner, grasping him at the Montgomery who came here with us ” same time by the hand: “How are you With this they stepped up to Montgom- f ‘ | George, I am delighted to see you; Vou ery and passed some pleasant remarks | j aye looking well!” Mr. Montgomery about the strange resemblance and then j did not respond in a style as was ex¬ insisted upon breaking a bottle of cham- ' pected and said: “Excuse me, sir, I am ) pagne over the unusual occurrence. not George. My name is Mr. Montgom¬ Lately Gould’s picture was in a New ery, from Reading.” The stranger turned York pictorial and at a certain club room — somewhat pale with surprise and said • i J? Reading one of the members held up “I beg your pardon, but this is the great¬ the paper before the others present and est mistake of my life in taking one per¬ said, “Ihere’s the likeness of Judge son for another. You resemble Prof. Montgomery.” And another incident , of Lancaster, so much that I can¬ showing the resemblance of the same not tell the difference.” Having read character is this : Lehr & Clark manu¬ of Mr. Montgomery’s literary produc factured a brand of fine cigars which tions he made kind mention of them and they named “King of the Wabash,” and then took a seat by his side. After talk¬ they decorated the interior of the box ing together for a while, a fine looking lid with a likeness of Jay Gould sta¬ man with a long beard, apparently a tioned in the centre of the railroad and Montgomery-^d in an undert^sard. seamboat lines controlled by him. One “Is that you, Montgomery in a day Mr. Clark laid open a box of this brand before Mr. Montgomery and said, ing assured that it . y *-0q^ you to nervous manner : “Well, at “There are.” For some time after¬ ,J too^ you be Carl Schurz and I was so wv my ward Mr. Montgomery was addressed bis appearance here t^J laughed at , as “King of the Wabash” on account of the striking resemblance, and as a con¬ Ctrangemiealu thereafterceaeed , sequence a box lid with the picture ex¬ posed was tacked up against the wall in Mr. Montgomery’s law office, where it made more marked by the r in 1 remained for several years. JKrtison and Harrison. Several weeks ago as Mr. Montgomery was passing the corner of Sixth and Washington streets a Reading attorney and several strangers were talking to¬ the War record gether on the opposite corner. Sud¬ denly one of the strangers interrupted the conversation by saying: “Over OF BERKS COUNTY there’s Edison; I wonder what he is do¬ ing at Reading.” The attorney looked LATEST HISTORICAL WORK OF MOR¬ up and said, “Where?” The stranger TON L. MONTGOMERY, ESQ. said, “ Why, over there, don’t you see him?” The attorney said, “No, my friend, your are mistaken, that is Mr. THERE 1ERE OYER 9800 VOLUNTEERS Montgomery, an attorney of Reading ” “Well,” said the stranger, “he is the ex¬ -——— act picture of Edison.” And shortly Ten Per Cent, of the Population Enlisted after that occurrence Mr. Montgomery and Took Up Arms in the Great Strug¬ was taken for President Harrison in this gle of 27 YearB Ago-The Individual manner. He entered the Orphans’ j court office one day whilst the clerks Records. and several attorneys were talking to¬ gether excitedly on the mayoralty ques- Morton L. Montgomery, Esq, of this) tion. One of the clerks looked up some¬ what startled by his sudden appearance city, who Las won an enviable reputation and interrupted the discussion, saying: as Berks county’s historian, is engaged “Well, if I didn’t think Montgomery was upon a new work that will bo of great in¬ Harrison. This idea never occurred to terest and value to every soldier from this me before, but he bears the most strik¬ section of the state. He was seen in his ing resemblance to President Harrison of any person I know of in this part of office yesterday by ft Morning Herald u the country.” The others looked around representative, and the following facts and and said in a laughing way, “That’s so figures show the result of the interview. ,, judging from the pictures we have seen. ’ ’ The first is a table to show the patriotism For some time afterward one or the of Berks county during the civil war, anil } other of them (who were all Democrats) is tbe result of many years of hard and would say to Mr. Montgomery: “How conscientious work that were required to , are you Mr. President, I hope you are gather the data ami complete the columns: i well today.” “Excuse me, Mr. Presi- «, £ dent, I have been looking for my com- I a a ; mission for the Reading post office.” CO S CO Carl Schurz. CO a p_

1862. rH 1861. ’ Total. In 1876 Hon. Carl Schurz visited Read¬ 68 1G 2 271 A. ... 75 79 41 210 t;r 5 1048! ing during the presidential campaign B 3'29 291 149 . 32 1 , and spoke to one of the largest public f!. m 77 32 62 20 fi OKI I) . 117 127 61 71 ’T meetings ever assembled in Penn square. 54 10 1 s .. 8'.) 96 51 ' His beard was rather bushy and he wore 123 54 73 27 39 3 ' spectacles. Several years afterwards a . 143 167 85 107 100 G2 5 ii 280 316 152 Mr. Montgomery was sitting in the law . 5 T . 9 5 7 10 23 library one day at the east end of the j . 30 22 24 122 34 C k. 146 192 89 77 23 7 long table in the room looking up a legal . 1-22 130 73 . 179 44 14 question His beard then was quite M. 247 240 130 2L 12 N . 44 35 18 bushy, parted at the chin, and he wore 7 o 35 12 10 a pair of gold rimmed spectacles. A cer¬ GO GO 34 54 12 1 0 5 tain lawyer entered the library suddenly n . (5 2 207 236 195 145 31 2 from the court room looking for another 69 19 A .. 394 359 165 lawyer. As he passed the doorway Mr. T . 49 28 32 13 Montgomery raised his face to see who y 4 9 4 C 2 it was, and the entering attorney stopped V . . 17 6 y 149 mi 129 50 2 short as if startled by an apparition that w . X . 31 iii/ rose before him. He stood there several Y. ; si 51 'l8 29 17 li K i moments, then walked straight to Mr. Z. —IT 1891 679—-r 74 9806 Total... .2879 2929 1454 5

THE TABLE EXPLAINED. The Grand Army posts of Reading have The first column represents the alpha¬ been getting up a similar record gradually bet, each letter standing for the first let¬ since their organization, but it is designed ter of the name of the person enlisted; to include only their membeis. The rolls the succeeding columns (excepting the do not number a thousnud names, and yet last) the time of enlistment; and the last the undertaking has been found most dif¬ column the total enlistment during the ficult, being still incomplete. war. Thus in 1861 75 men enlisted whose COMMENDABLE PATRIOTISM. names begin with A; 329 with B; 217 with The population of Barks couuty in 1860 M, and 394 with S, and the total enlist¬ was 93,SIS. Accordingly, ten per cent, of ment for 1861 was 2879. the people were enlisted in tho army. The The first line (A) represents the number voters of tho county during that period of men whose names begin with A, en¬ numbered less than 23,000, and the total listed during the four years of the war, or enrollment of men who were liable to be a total of 271; names with B, 1048; with called into service in 1861 was 17,809, au I AI, 851, and with S, 1218; and tho total exhibition of patriotism which is truly I estimate for the entire period of the war, commendable. Making a liberal allowance 9806. Mr. Montgomery did not pretend for tho young men under age who were in that this was the exact number of men the military service, and also for re-enlist¬ who were enlisted from Berks county in ments, it can safely be asserted that one the great struggle; for the accomplishment out of every four men in the county went of such a task, twenty-five years af¬ to the war, were .altogether ninety-four terward, he regarded as impossiole. lie companies, commanded by one hundred has been engaged in the work of col¬ and thirty captains,all from Berks county. lecting the names of the soldiers for over The general estimate of the number of j ten years, and is stiil adding new ones as men from Berks county has not exceeded j they come to his knowledge. 7000, or not eight per cent, of the popula¬ THE ONLY COMPLETE ItECOKD. tion. Mr. Montgomery therefore deserves Thera is no record anywhere, whether great praise for discovering that the pro¬ county, state or national, that shows this portion was at least ten per cent, over one- information Bites’ history of Pennsyl¬ half of the number of men who were sub¬ vania Volunteers shows the enlistments ac¬ ject to military duty, and tho whole com¬ credited by the national government to munity are greatly indebted to him for the State of Pennsylvania, but it does not bestowing so much time and persistent la¬ pretend to show how many men from the bor in bringing to light such an important several counties of the state were enlisted fact in their history._ in, and credited to other counties or states. Mr. Montgomery has laboriously attempted [ ANOTHER PRIZE ESS4Y. to get this information relating to Berks couuty from many sources with great suc¬ Herbert R. Brunner’s Interesting: Descrip¬ cess, and he regards the total number thus tion of the Oldest Township in Berks far ascertained, 9S0G, as rather under the County. real mark than above it. The following is the essay of Herbert R. BECOIiDS OJ? INDIVIDUALS. Brunner, of Amity township, whiah took After the reporter had studied the above the first prize of $10 offered by the Mobn- table for some time, Mr. Alontgomery said to him: “You doubtless wonder ing Herald for the best description writ¬ where I obtained the names and figures ten by a pupil of the schools of Berks out of which to construct this table. Well, county of the township in which his or when I show you hundreds of pages of her school was located. The publication manuscript, arranged iu alphabetical ! of the essay was hitherto delayed for vari- folios, yon will admit t|bat it is reliable, at ous causes. kJI least as much so as it ^an now be made.” Amitv township was one of the famous Mr. Montgomery thei. pulled a drawer dwelling places of the Indians, and wai out of his table and produced a pile of \ called by them Menhaltanink, afterward: folios nearly a foot high. The first folio changed to Manatawny, which in theii was “A,” and therein the reporter read all language signified “where we drank liq- 1 * the names of Beiks county volunteers that uors. ” The English, when they took pos-1 begin with this letter; and the record of ( session, changed the name to Amity, which j each man extended across two pages, show¬ j means friendship; and Manatawny was/ ing name, residence, regiment, company, applied to the stream that drains the easY ! rank, term of service, when mustered in ern part of the township. i j and mustered out, whether killed, The first settlements in the county wer[e j wounded or imprisoned, when died, and made in the locality of Douglassville by I where buried. The pile included twenty- Swedes. In 1701 Andrew Rudman, clerk five folios altogether, one for each letter in behalf of himself and the Swedes, re- I of the alphabet excepting X. Some of the 1 ceived authority to own and possess 10,000 ' folios had ouly a few page3, but others acres of land, which formed the gredter had many, as B 36, and S 42. It is an part of the township. He then paralleled ,: admirable and unique arrangement, and out this tract to his fellow Swedes. As when completed (if it should ever become the Swedes desired to live along the so; the name and military record of every Schuylkill, the tract was divided into man who went from Berks county into the small strips running north from the great civil war oan bo found almost in¬ Schuylkill. After they had affected per- stantly. -out settlements on their land they The Monocacy Valley creamery was felt in need of roads, and a petition was built by stockholders and is carried on by presented to the court at Philadelphia the association, under the superinten¬ which was granted. The roads running dency of Jacob F. Guldin. The rolling north from the Schuylkill passed between mill at Douglassville is owned by the these divisions, so that every farmer could Douglassville Iron company. go to any place on his land without any Amityville is a beautifully located vil¬ inconvenience. These roads are at an lage, on the Amity turnpike, leading to average distance of about a mile apart. the Yellow House. It contains two Amity was erected into a township in 1799 churches, two hotels, store and several and is the oldest township in Berks county. mechanic shops. It was formerly called Amity lies in the southeastern part of New Storeville, but was changed to Amity¬ Berks. It is bounded on the north by ville in 1852. The post office was estab¬ Oley and Earl, on the east by Douglass, lished in 1885, on the south by Union, and on the west The publio library at Amityville is by Exeter township. It has an area of owned by the Amity Library association. 17 square miles. It is the only one in the township. The The surface is generally undulating, library contains 500 volumes of standard rising nowhere to a great height excepting books and about 200 volumes of public an abrupt elevation in the southern part documents. known as Mt. Monocacv, which rises to a Yellow House is a similar village at the height of about 800 feet. This mountain northern border of the township. It de¬ is covered with immense rooks and excel¬ rived its name from the oountry tavern at lent timber. It is a noted hunting ground this place, which is painted yellow. The and is visited during the summer by many post office was established in 1866. persons from various parts of the county. Douglassville is a station on the Phila¬ The scenery is beautiful and the view from delphia & Reading and Pennsylvania rail¬ the summit is one of the finest in the roads. The village contains the handsome county. St. Gabriel’s church, a rolling mill, store Eagle’s island, in the Manetawny creek, and hotel. The post office was estab¬ about a mile east of Amityville, is a noted lished in 1829. The village was so named picnic ground. in honor of George Douglass. The western part of the township is Monocaoy station, on the Philadelphia drained by the Monocaoy creek. This and Reading railroad, is a small village in stream is fed at various points by large the southern part of the township. It brooks. At Monocaoy station its waters contains a hotel, store, and a few small join those of the picturesque Schuylkill, residences. The postoffice was established which forms the southern boundary of the in 1872. It derives its name from Mt. township. Monocaoy is an Indian name, Monocacy, in that locality. meaning a stream with large beds. It was Weavertown is the oldest business place originally spelled Menakesse. in the township. Half a century ago it The soil is fertile and easily cultivated. was more important than at present. It It is well watered by small streams, which was no named in honor of Jacob Weaver, flow through most of the large farms. who owned the land on which it was laid The climate is mild and healthy. out. It contains at present a general The principal products are Indian corn, store. The postoffice was established in rye, wheat, oats, hay and fruits. Berries 1828. The religious sects are Lutherari^ are very abundant around the foot of Mt. Reformed, Episcopal and Methodist. Monocaoy. Amity contains no minerals, The Lutheran and Reformed are the but is noted for the pecularity of its rocks. most numerous. They worship in St. The western part is underlaid with the Paul’s church at Amityville. The red shale, the center and eastern part is Lutheran pastor is Rev. U- P. Heilman, underlaid with conglomerates and Mt. and the Reformed pastor is Rev, J. Heis- Monocacy is partly covered with the ter Leiubach. The members of these two gneiss. The domestic animals are well congregations number about 900. The selected; and the people take a great in¬ Episcopal congregation worships in St. terest in improving them. Many varieties Gabriel’s church, at Douglassville. This of birds and the smaller quadrupeds congregation is not so large. Their pastor abound. is Rev DuHamel. The population numbers 1552 by the The Methodists worship at Amityville. census of 1890. They are few in number and have no reg¬ The inhabitants are politically divided ular services. into the two great parties—Democratic There are three Sunday schools in the and Republican—of which the Democratic township with a membership of about 300. party has a ruling majority. The chief Education is in a very prosperous condi¬ occupations are agriculture and the vari¬ tion. The township is divided into ten ous trades and professions necessary to school districts. Each has a gohool house build up a community. neatly built and furnished. The water power of the township has Hebbeet R. Bbtjnneb, been well utilized. On the Monocacy Brumfieldville, Berks Go., Pa. near the Exeter line is a grist mill owned by George Brown. There are four grist mills on the Manatawny, owned by James High, Levi Heist, Mahlon Weidner and -nty i Mayberry Rhoads, all cf Jones's Mines, perhaps the oldest iron mines in Pennsylvania are to be aban¬ doned. They rfec^ed their name from David Jones, a Welsh ironmaster, who purchased in 173o about one thousand acres of land in Carnarvon Township, Berks County, upon a part of which tract the mines were worked. Jones made a fortune out of them for himself and his descendants. Two miles from Morgantown there still stands the fine old family mansion, which was built by Jonathan Jones (a son of David), who was a colonel in the Revolutionary Army. Until recently a large force ot men were employed at the mines, but the expense of following the iron ore is considered too great in the present condition of the iron trade, and the pumps and other ma¬ chinery are to -be withdrawn and the shafts allowed to fill with, water.

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A HOTEL STAHDi.40 YEARS

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story ^brTck house and the building years ago, one year after Anthony Bint7? was enlarged bv putting a frame story became the owner of the prooerfvB onel on top. Mr. Bickel, who was a black¬ front bulletins was originally I' Juhe smith by trade, bought the property in 1816 and erected a brick back buucung. 6 ACy .

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He leased the property successively to hotel busineSsTtfere 4 years, 1668-72. Wil¬ different persons who conducted an inn liam Behai and Harry Weaver were the there. landlords from 1872 to 1876, and since then The main building was 32 by 26 feet Charles fc>, Birch has been the sole pro¬ and the back building 20 by 40 feel. The prietor. The “town lots” were all origin¬ first story of the main building was di¬ ally 60 feet wide, and the American house vided into 2 rooms and “a small place as property is one of the few lots that has a bar,” and the second story was divided remained undivided to the present time. I into 3 rooms. In the back building were It is still 60 by 270 feet. a room and a kitenen on the first floor and There was in olden times on a post in 2 apartments on the second. The stable, front of the hotel the sign of’ the 26 by 53 feet, was attached to the back “Golden Swan,” there being a “White building. The first story was of stone and Swan” hotel at the foot of Penn st., the second of frame, having a tile roof. A north side. When Mr. Birch became the 2-story brick building, 18 by 34 feet, was owner of the property he cut down the ereeted in 1822 on the western part of the sign post and named the inn “American lot fronting on i-’enn, which was rented House.” John IN. Shearer has been clerk by Daniel GraefE & Co., who conducted a at. the American House the past 16 years?! general store, including dry goods and Ihederman Centennial Jubilee. groceries, flax, gun powder, hardware, AN I IMPOSING DEMONSTRATION—ORATION BY &c. There was an alley 8L/i feet wide be¬ HON. DANIBL EKMENTBOUT. tween the store and the hotel for teams to ___ drive through. The Jubilee on Monday, In this city, wai I paiticipated in by a great number of societies, The ‘‘American house” property is one firemen, the Heading Kffies, aBd many teams of the oldest hotel stands in Heading, if of business establishments, &c., all gaily deco- ' not the oldest. When the first town lots rated, and the city was in a blaze of flags aad of Heading were sold at public sale, June decorations. 15, 1749, in Penn square Conrad Weiser The parade commenced in the morning at bought the lot. In 1752—140 years ago— ten and reached the Park shortly before 12. Conrad Weiser sold the lot to .Peter Mayer Evans made a few remarks to wel- , Weiser, who conducted an “inn” there, come the people,and Hon Daniel Ermentrout and he was for many years a well-known delivered the following oration : hotel keeper. He owned the property Onr People In American History. 22 years and then, in 1774, sold it to Chris¬ On the 27th day of August, 1739, nearly 137 s- topher Witman, -who was as early as 1762 yeais ago, the good ship Samuel brought to the shores of Pennsylvania 340 German itnml- , on the list of Reading inn-keepers. grants. Among them were three individuals, Christopher Witman devised the prop¬ of the father, Eon and grandson. They came ( erty to his son, John, in 1778, who sold it to the tenitory now embraced within the ; to Peter Feather in 1787, and in 1805 it county of Berks, here settled, begat children, went into the possession of his son, Peter, 1 and here they and their posterity have con¬ who the same year sold it to Peter Aurand. tinued to live to the present time. The iudi- ■ „ Mr. Aurand was coroner in 1800-2 aud vidua! who stands before yon now bears, the sheriff in 1815-17. He held the property name and blood of those three humble meq, ! , 2 years, when he sold it to John' Klopp, and he is proud here, upon his native soil in ll <*£ Heidelberg, who in 1810 equveved it to this glorious year, after the lapse of all this j William Jones, a tanner by trade, for. time, to tell to those ancestors’ countrymen, ! ’ £2,000. Mr. Jones, in 1816, sold the prop-; among them some perhaps whose eyes first! . ertv to Anthony Bickel, for $6,500. saw the light of day in the village they were \ ; Mr. Bickel owned the property 29 born, who rambled" among the fields where . years, aud let it successively to different; their infant feet trod, who worshipped at the same altar at which they were baptized—as • landlords. Henry Bowman never owned best he can, the story of what the German the property, but was the landlord for race has done to transform the howling wil- j jj many years previously to his election to derness of that date into broad and fertile j r the office of sheriff in 1833. George Ger- acres, populous vailej s and magnificent cities. ! ' nand also conducted the inn for some What hardships from exposure, what dan- ) . years previous tcviiis becoming sheriff in' gers from wild beasts, and cruelties they snf- j ' T 1844- fered from the lurking and merciless savage; I Mr. Bickel sold the property April 1, what they did to wrest this land from kingly 1845, to Daniel Housum, a miller, of rnle, and what they have contributed towards Exeter, for $14,000. Mr. Housum con¬ the triumphs of peace—ail combining to the j ducted the hotel 20 years, until his death, bnildlDg up of the vast and mighty empire I in 1865, and March 28, 1867, his widow dow known as the United States of north conveyed the property to William II. America, the hundredth year of whose free¬ Parviu and Charles S. Birch for $35,000. dom the German societies of this section are [ Mr. Birch bought the half interest of Mr. to-day celebrating. The heart swells and the iip trembles at the contemplation of the theme. : Parvin in 1874, paying him $28,750, and It is a snbj ect worthy to be treated by an abler | has been the sole owner ever since. tongne. But to no one, so far as sympathy Mr. Housum tore down the old buildings ana inclination are concerned, more pleasing. 1 in 1857, which had been greatly altered To every American of German descent it 1 from those as represented in the cut, and , should be an especial, pleasure,as well as duty, 1 erected a large 4-story building in its to portray In littlDg terms the deeds of his c place, which has been enlarged and ancestors, because from a variety of causes, o greatly improved since then, Charles S. the historian has never done them the justice b Birch, the present owner, having spent j • to which they are entitled. A studious effort nearly $30,000 in improvements. He was also made In the earlier history of this raised the back building to 4 stories, State to deprive them of the credit that was lengthened the store, now occupied by D. P. their due, and to impair their Influence in its ! Schaeffer & Co., and erected,a new stable. political affairs. Bor have they fared any The hotel is fitted up in au elegant man¬ better from the pencil of the painter. HISTORICAL PICTURES. ner and has been heated by steam for Go to the Memorial Hall at Philadelphia, many years. Charles fc>. Birch and Ma- and yon will thBre see two pictures ; noah S.* Weiler were in partnership in the one by Puebla,_ portraying the landing ) r of Columbus. The central figure is the am greatly alarmed, the Germans behave so great Colon himself, kneeling, dressed in insolently at the elections; they must no the gorgeous scarlet costume of his country, doubt do so from the numbers given them at surrounded by armed cavaliers in the same VjV; i the back counties. The taking of counties I position; and standing erect with crucifix up¬ 'i from Bucks and Philadelphia (Northampton lifted, a representative of the most powerful and BerkB) will take off their settlements and Church the world has ever seen ; above him leave them only two members of eight, and floats the standard of the nation upon whose prevent them for many years from having a vast dominions the sun never rose nor set, majority.” There can be no doubt that the Kingdom then ruled by Ferdinand and WE HAVE SUFFEBBD MUCH Isabella; while in the bushes, peering in from these prejudices. The silence of history wonder and amazement at the scene, stand concerning the achievements of our race has the awe-Btruck savages. The other, by the also by the great American Historian, Ban¬ pencil of Glsbert, represents the landing of croft, been attributed to the modesty of our the Pilgrim Fathers. Ton recognize, in the ancestors. He says: “Neither they nor their central figure, the pious pastor standing on descendants have laid claim to all the praise the rock, with elevated hands and devout as¬ that was their due. ” But the hour has struck pect, the beautified features of women in when the children of the great Arminius, neat attire grace the scene, and in the back¬ whether foreigner or native born, and of all ground appear the masts of the May-Flower. creeds now in this land, and especially in this Tbese pictures have immortalized the “Dis¬ State, should diligently search the records of covery” and the “Landing.” the past and let their children know and let rOETBY, BELIOION, ELOQUENCE AND ABT, the world know the achievements of the race all have combined to impress these facts upon here in this Western Continent. Without history with a grandeur and an emphasis, malice or undue partiality spread them in and surround them with a halo which have such form upon the pages of history that fallen rarely to the lot of human occurrences. their virtues may be perpetuated, a source of These people were masters of their own move¬ pride to all their blood and an example wor¬ ments, and behind the one stood the power of thy to be emulated by all to the last syllable of Spain and behind the other that of the Eng¬ recorded time. lish government, each speaking the language It will be impossible with a due regard for respectively of their colonists. Eaoh taking your comfort, nor do I possess the ability to an interest and a pride in their success. The lay before you all that should be said, and for one spurred on by the pride of conquest, the both reasons I sha'l be compelled to confine other inspired by the ties of sympathy. myself mainly to our own locality in the his¬ So, too, who has not seen the prostrate form torical portions of my discourse. of Smith, protected from the club of Powha¬ EAELY SETTLEMENT AND INDIAN W ABF ABE, tan by Pocahontas, and Penn’s treaty with When Penn came here in 1681 he found the Indians, glowing on the canvass. In vain colonies already planted by theTeuton blood in . do we look for the pencilled story of the home ■ the persons of Swedes and Dutch, dating back : less, houseless, wandering exiles from Ger-. to 1633. Philadelphia he settled in 1681—1682. f maDj; their cruel voyage across the sea; their It will be remembered in this connection that arrival among a people who understood not Wm. Penn himself was half Dutch by. his tbeir language; their lonely, dangerous and mother. Prior to his settlement here he had difficult journey through the wilderness to¬ made three journeys through Germany as a wards the Blue Mountains. Nor do we any¬ Quaker preacher. After Wm. Penn became . where find pictured their evening or morning the proprietor of the country named in worship in the primeval forest before extend¬ honor of his father, he, in 1631 ing themselves around the camp fire by night, published the paper setting forth the advan- J or preparlng for the journey of the day. No t£ge8 and conditions of settlement in Penn- government speaking their language, protect¬ sylvania. It was immediately translated. > ing them. Regarded as dangerous by the Germany was full of all manner of intensive Proprietary Governor of Pennsylvania as religionists, among whom the Quaker preach¬ early as 1717, they were hurried to the sec¬ ers had obtained a foothold. These then be¬ tions now comprised within the territory of gan to become enthusiastic to lead a religious Lancaster, Berks, Northampton and Schuyl¬ lite in Pennsylvania. In 1682 a company was kill counties-then frontiers,and frontiera.up to formed at Frankfort, called the Frankfort 1768—far remote in the Indian ranges and Company, for the purpose of furthering emi- hunting grounds, to form a cordon or defen¬ gration to Pennsylvania and opening trade. sive barrier against Indian enterprises. Francis Daniel Pastorlus was their agent,and THE POBTBAITS IN THE STATE CAPITOL. he in the year 1683, with some thirteen fami¬ Visit your State Capitol. The faces that lies, came to Philadelphia and laid the foun-' adorn the walls of your public buildings there dation for the first settlement the German dniing the proprietary era rest on shoulders emigrants established in this country. The coated with mail.' We fared no better in this FrankfoTt Company in 1686, Nov. 24th, held respect during the Revolutionary period. In hy their Germantown patent 5,350 acreB, and 1717 a great fear oi German immigration dis¬ by the Manatawny patent 22.377 acres. In turbed the proprietary Governors. This fear this latter patent were included lands on the continued up to 1729, as the letters of James Manatawny Creek, and now partly belong- Logan, the communications of Governors [ lug to the County of Berks. From this it Keith and Gordon to the Council and Assem¬ would appear that the country along the bly,during which, period various devices were Manatawny in Berks was included in the resorted to to obstruct immigration, culmi¬ first- settlement after Philadelphia. German¬ nating finally in a head tax. In 1730 the law town remained for over one hundred years a was modified to apply only to vagrants, but German-town. It had for a portion of this f the prejudices sown in the preceding years time its Burgomaster, Clerk, &c. The Beal / remained. Oar ancestors did not see why, I of the Corporation was a Clover leaf,with the 1 after paying for their lands and being assured figures of the Vine, Hemp Flower and Weav- » by the Proprietary Government that the In¬ er’s Spool on the three leaves, and \ dian title—the source of much of their diffi¬ the legend Vinum, Linum et Tex- j culty-should be quieted, that they should trinum. Wein Lein und Webeschrein, be taxed by the Proprietors to pro¬ Types in the language of the Historian tect the untaxed Proprietary property. of the German society, of the mission of the They rebelled, and when they came down Germans in the New World. Husbandry, in- 1 to Philadelphia to vote for members of As¬ dnstry and contented enjoyment of life. Here sembly, they voted against the wishes of the in 1738, was the first German printing press; - Proprietary Government, and Feb. 25th, 1750, here appeared the first German newspaper, Thomas Penn writes to Gov. Hamilton: “I erman quarto liible—the of peace. ’ He dieil jaiy^iatn, irti0, and is first Bible printed on this continent in an Eu¬ buried on the farm where he dwelt when ropean language. The emigration np to 1702 alive. On Nov. 13th, 1793, General Wash¬ was small, not exceeding 200 families. But ington ..accompanied by Gen. Joseph Hlester when at the end of the 17th and beginning of and other distinguished persons, stood at the the 18th centuries, the besom of war and de¬ grave of the German man, Conrad Weiser, struction swept over the Palatinate,and West¬ and said, “This departed man, in ern German; immigration received a powerful a most difficult period, rendered impetus. The records of no age show the many services to his country, posterity will perpetration of more dreadful barbarities cot forget him.” He was born In Alstaat, than those committed by the robber bauds of "Wurtemberg. His descendant, Dr. C. Z. Louis XIV. Cupidity, political ambition and Weiser, of the Reformed Church, is now pre¬ religious hatred have all combined to make *-’< paring his biography, a matter too long neg¬ these years of European history as dark, lected. bloody and cruel as those that have stained THE TULPEHOCKEN SETTLEMENT, any similar period of the world’s history. It after Braddock’s defeat in 1755, was the scene seemed as if the devil had been let loose and of the most frightful Indian massacres. His¬ the world given over to his evil devices. In tory tells ns that in one week in Tulpehocken Southern Germany, where German princes district, at the foot of the Bine Mountains, 32 sought to ape the Court of Louis XIV and men, 21 women and 17 children, 70 souls,were French manners, it was no better. murdered in the most frightful manner; 21 POVERTY, OPPRESSION AND SUFFERING WERE houses and barns burned, tne cattle destroyed UNIVERSAL. or carried off. Under the energetic action of If these be glory, if people deserve immor- ConradWeiser and his friend CaptainSpyker, , .e tality for these, there is no page in the history the settlers armed and the Indians driven w of nations too bright for the German emi¬ back. The like barbarities were perpetrated grants, who were by these driven from in Northampton connty, hundreds of the in¬ the land of their birth at the be¬ habitants were killed and their buildings de¬ ginning of the 18th century,to find a home and stroyed. In Feh. 1756, they murdered, killed an asylum here. This emigration continued and burned in Albany township. Early In tut to 1720 8nbs<,qri«Titlv a d«sire to better March they inflicted similar cruelties at a their temporal concerns,' brought emigration Slace called Conrad’s Mills, In Berks connty. Larch 24ch the honse of Peter Klnok, 11 miles hither, and from 1725 to 1714 it began to from Reading, was set on fire, and the family, include all sorts of religions—German lie- five In nnmber, murdered. Later In 1763 In formed, Lutheran, Roman Catholic, Mora¬ September, about 24 miles from Reading,the vians, Schwenkfelders, &c. The earliest settlements beyond Bine Monntains were German Catholic settlement was that of Cas- attacked,and men,women and children killed, anhoppen in 1741. This extended into that some scalped alive and others carried ofl. A part of Berks county known as Wash¬ few days after the home of Frantz Hnbler, ington township. Its first pastor was Father in Bern township. 18 miles from Reading,was ei Schneider, who at that early period travelled attacked. He was wounded,his wife ana sev¬ to from Philadelphia through Bucks, Chester, eral children carried ofl and three others ™ Berks and Northampton counties, frequently scalped alive. There were abont 200 miles of on foot, in the disoharge of his pastoral du¬ that an extended frontier so exposed to the Inva¬ ll ties. The chapel built by him in that year sion of the Indians that no man oonld go to gj, has by constant additions become a very sleep within 10 or 15 miles of the border with¬ large "building, with a numerous congrega- out the fear of having his honse bnrned and I . ticn. In the church now repose the bones himself and family led into caDtivity before of Father Schneider. Before 1738 a respecta- the next morning. No man could tell where W ble Dumber of Schwenkfelders also settled in the Indians wonld strike the next blow. These V £•' parts of what is now Berks county, where are a specimen of the maDyof their descendants have oontlnuad DANGERS AND HARDSHIPS ever since. As early as 1723 Tulpehocken to which the German settlers of this section was settled by Germans who left Schoharie of the State were subjected. Yet history,while on account of the UDjust manner in which detailing barbarities inflicted by the merciless they were treated by the Governor of New • f ■ k York. They had come to New York ia 1710 savages in other sections, has been so written that the children of Eastern Pennsylvania t ar d settled at Schoharie in 1713. From the leauty of the country through which the never knew of any other Indians than King Philip, Pontiac and Black Hawk. They 1 Tulptbocken flowed they called the settle¬ ment Heidelberg. So it is to this never hear of • day, surrounded by lovely hills, LIEUT. COL. WEISER, Heidelberg in the county of Berks. To this and It is by merest accident that they learn that amoDg the German settlers were any ■ day the descendants of those settlers in that region are known by their names. May 18 ;h, who ever killed or were killed by Indians. 1729.a letter was written to Schoharie inviting Yet here were our ancestors within the boun¬ the famous Conrad Weiser to come and set¬ daries of this very connty, exiles from their tle amcDg them for their protection against rative land, in hourly and nightly peril of the Indiars, from whom difficulties were ap¬ their lives. Liable at any moment to be shot prehended, and with whom Weiser had great in the field, their wives and children liable to influence at that date. He came and settled be 9hot down or carried off while visiting near WcmeJsdorf. This Conrad Weiser was their neighbors, liable to be awakened in the a remaihable man; His fame soon dead hour of night by savage reached the ears of the Government at Phila¬ yells, only to behold the devouring flames rolling over their barns and houses, with death delphia ; Le was sent for, made Indian agent, from an Indian tomahawk or rifle certain to 1 and from the time of his coming to Berks e county, to the time of his death in 1770—a pe- meet them at the door should they attempt I iiod of 31 years—he was the protecting genius to escape. And with all this they conquered, j' of the .Pennsylvania settlements. It is not and their descendants are here to day, many / necessary for me to tell this audience that the of them owning and tilling the land their an¬ hardware store, North-east corner of Penn cestors fought to wreBt from the Indians. and Fifth Sts., is the site of the building oc- Among the persons whose names have come j cupied by him for trading and other purposes. down to ns with Conrad Weiser’s sons, as : There the savages would come from many powerful against the Indians andCapt. Spy ker |, miles around to see the great Pale-face med¬ already mentioned, were icine man, dance their wild dances, perform DIEDRICH SCHNEIDER AND JOSEPH HIB3TER, their savage ceremonies and smoke the pyoe the latter born in German Switzerland. He, with his two brothers, settled Bernville. In m their many encounters withtheTndlans they were victorious, and impressed them with advantages m the German emigration. such a wholesome fear that the savages avoid¬ Later still in 1704 we find them memor¬ ed the neighborhood of Bernville for a long ializing the Governor and Assembly among time. Before leaving this branch of my sub¬ other grievances on the inequality of ject it is proper to state that in 1711,1000 Ger¬ representation of the counties of Lan¬ mans were engaged in the Expediton to Que¬ caster, York, Cumberland, Berks and bec. That with reference to Braddock’s expe¬ Northampton, they altogether having but 10 dition he himself writes, May 24th, 1755, in a members, Philadelphia, Chester and Bucks letter to Gov. Morris, of New York, com¬ sending 26. It will thus be perceived that plaining of his disappointment. “In short in the spirit that makes freemen burned bright¬ every instance, but in my contract for Penn¬ ly in the German’s breast when occasion re¬ sylvania wagons, I have been deceived and quired. Bancroft says, “at the commence¬ met with nothing but lies and villainy. ” There ment of the revolution we hear little of them, were few wagons in Pennsylvania owned by not from their want of zeal in the good cause, any but our people. but from their modesty.” In the occurrences that led to the revolutionary war the student THE REVOLUTION. will always find the German name. In 1765, We now approach the period of the revo¬ after the passage of the obnoxious Stamp lution, a chapter in our history to whioh Act, to the compact agreeing to import no Germans of all creeds, whether foreign or na¬ British goods, are found the names of the tive born, can point with pride. Oar ances¬ German merchants of Philadelphia, Heinrich tors—your countrymen—knew what tyranny Keppele, Sr., Heinrioh Keppele, Jr., Johann and oppression were. They had been driven Steinmetz, David Descbler, Daniel Wlster, or fled from a country whither they had > Johann Wister and others, and Christopher been the victims and sport either of the for¬ Sauer’s German paper did not conceal its dis¬ eign invaders or of their own rulers. They had gust. “If we do near little of them,” as Ban- already faced many dangers,and in spite of ail, ! croft says, "we hear from them, there are with no aid from their own country, with lit¬ ! their names.” Bancroft farther says, in the tle, if any, from the proprietary government, same book, “They kept themselves purposely they had maintained themselves and made I in the background, leaving it to those of Eng¬ the wilderness to bloom and blossom as the lish origin to discuss the violation of English rose. Their moral life previously had been liberty,and to decide whether the time for giv¬ unexceptional. In 1780, 8th month, 14th, . ing battle had oome.” We think this is a Kev. Jed. Andrews writes of us: “They are i grave mistake. Beasoning from the spirit diligent, sober, frugal people, rarely charged they showed in the causes of emigration,their with any misdemeanors. Many of them live contests with the, proprietaries and their ac¬ yet in the county, have farms, tion during the Indian struggles,the Germans and by their industry and frugal way of liv¬ needed no man to tell them what was a viola¬ ing grow rich. They have the best lands in tion of liberty. The English nation owed its the Province.” In 1738 Gov. Thomas said of existence to the Teuton race,its liberty to that them: “I believe it may be truthfully said blood,to the Saxon,the Germanic race. It was that the present flourishing condition of it Hengist and Horsa, the Saxons, saved them (the Province) is in a great measure owing to from the Piets and Scots in the 5th century. the industry of these people; it is not alto¬ They and their Saxons founded the jury sys¬ gether the fertility of the soil, but the tem. To say therefore that they left others to number and industry of the people that makes discuss violations of English liberty or an j a country flourish.” With'it all they manl- 1 liberty Is contrary to their previous history tested a spirit of intelligent independence and is to charge oar people with stupidity and second to that of no race in the world’s his¬ ignorance of what was transpiring under thffr tory. In 1723, rather than softer the oppres¬ very eyes. The record is the other way. Mr. sive exactions of the Governor of Bancroft is not to be charged with intentional New York, they had settled in Tulpe- injustice toward us, for he does say in the ar¬ hocken. As early as 1750, according to ticle from which we have quoted “But when Thos. Penn’s letter, they had learned to vote the resolution was taken no part of the conn- in a way that he denominated "insolent.” Be try was more determined in its patriotism writes the wrong word. It was independent. than the German counties of Pennsylvania In 1755, 400 Germans marched in an orderly aDd Virginia. The question is did they help and peaceable manner to Philadelphia and, in to take the resolution ? “The Americans of that peison, petitioned for the passage of just laws day who were of for protection from Indians. The Govenor of GERMAN BIRTH the Province was then endeavoring to pass or descent formed a large part of the popula¬ lavs for raising money by a system of taxation tion of the United StsteB; not less than a which did not embrace the large quantities of twelfth of the whole,and perhaps formed ev3n lands then held by the proprietaries to which a larger portion of the insurgent people.” In they were juBtly opposed. The same year at 1747 they were already three-fifths of the an election in Beading for Sheriff, Jonas See¬ whole population of the State—the whole ly, a candidate for the office, at the opening population being then 200,000. Emigration of Poll had all voices in his favor, but it being continued up to 3776. Pennsylvania was the reported that he was of the Governor’sParty, mest flourishing of the colonies. We believe “thtGeimans”ieft him to a man and ha was de- that this estimate is below the actual figures. | feated. In 1767, June 30th, Gov. Denny But at all events the great majority of the oit writes to the Proprietaries—“that th Berks izeus of Pennsylvania were, at the outbreak County Militia refuse to serve undereauy but of the BevolutioD, Germans by birth or de¬ j their own officers.” scent. They had their own newspapers. They One of the reasons why bad their churches and school houses.learned WESTERN PENNSYLVANIA and independent ministers, and at Philadel¬ I wes not settled as the East was, by our ances¬ phia a German society or gesellschaft. To tors, was that those lands being claimed by ask the world, in view of their antecedents, Vireinia, a parish tax was exacted for support to believe that this majority, with these means OfEBRl'sh Establishment in that state. Sever¬ of information, with their intelligence and al Germans proposed to the Ohio Company, character, could so restrain the impulses of in whose charge they were, to take and settle their race and blood as to “purposely stand in with 200 families, 50,000 acres of these lands, the background, and be floated by the minor¬ if they could be exempt from this tax. To ” ity, without materially helping to take the this, though favored by Laurence Wash¬ resolution to fight,” is putting an nnreasona- , ington, the State of Virginia would ble burden on our credulity. Then we must ] not 8gree and thus this section lost the remember that in addition to having smelled j. rap o wderatnong The IndianiT there were many who were old soldiers or the descend¬ can Be no question' fBattnrbuglE io ut'tlie war I ants of soldiers, who, like Christopher Lad the German emigrant and his descendants wig, believed “Ohne Schwefel and Salpeter gave abundant proof that the blood which keine Ffeibeit.” centuries before had, under the great Herr- WITHOUT SULPHUR AND SALTPETRE NO FREE¬ man, in the forests of Germany, before the DOM. biith of Christ, broken the mighty power of Ih6 record is right on this point. In the Pro¬ Borne; which in later years built up the vincial Convention of 174 and 1775 appear powerful German empire, afterwards disrupt¬ names like Schiosser, Lndwlg, Christopher, ed, but the fragments of which we now in Schnl'.z, Baltzer, Gehr—the two latter from our day, after one of the greatest wars of Berks county. In the Committee of Corres¬ modern times, after the lapse of ages, have pondence snch names as ELiilegas, Engel and seen gathered together under one banner and others. In 1774 the large meeting was held one sovereign—still flowed in their veins. On at Beading in which the people declared every hillside they drew their swords in de¬ themselves for liberty. fence of liberty,under the ensign of the young The names of Germans are found in abund¬ Republic. On every battle field they baptised ance in all the Vigilance Committees estab¬ their devotion in their own blood with a lished at that time. A pamphlet, which was patriotism surpassed by soldiers of no race. printed in German in Philadelphia in 1775, is They tolled and suflered on the march, on the a most important piece of evidence. It is en¬ field, in the roar of battle—they died that the titled, “Message of the Evangelical Lutheran nation might live. I cannot close thi3 part and Keform6d Church Consistory and of the iof my discourse without making again greed officers of the German Association in Phlla- yith grateful tribute the graves df the delphia, to the German Inhabitants of the X GALLANT STEUBEN AND DE KALB, * Provinces of New York and North Carolina.” and endeavoring this day to raise in your It demonstrates that the Germans had array¬ hearts new monuments to their memory. The ed themselves already on the side of freedom one had learned the art of War under Fred¬ and needed no instructions on that point. It erick the Great, the other under Marshall says, “we have from time to time daily with Saxe. To them we owe much. The latter, onr eyes seen, that the people of Pennsylvania after years of the most useful and tiresome generally, rich and poor, approve of the con¬ service, fell on the bloody field of Camden clusions of Congress: ‘especially have the pierced with eleven wounds, regretted by Germans of Pennsylvania near and far from friend and foe, who watched with tanderast ns distinguished themselves, and not only es¬ concern by his bedside till life had fled. Sol¬ tablished their militia, but have formed pick¬ dier to the last, his thoughts were of his brava ed corps of rangers, who are ready to march comrades, and before expiring he charged wherever it may be required,’ and those his adjutant to give them “thanks for their among the Germans, who cannot serve per¬ valor, and bid them an affectionate farewell.” sonally, are throughout willing to contribute Native born citizens of America, you who at according to their means to the common good.” ■■ •* . times have suffered yourselves to be banded The pamphlet was one of 40 pages and is an ex¬ together oath bound, in imitation of the Brit¬ haustive statement of the question. It ends ish tyrants of colonial times, to obstruct and with this significant sentence, “By order of hinder those political rights of aliens which the assembled members of the Evangelical, Lu¬ you have now guaranteed by law to the negro, theran and Reformed Church Consistory and what had this gallant German to gain by com¬ of the authorities of the German Society.” It ing to the wBds of America? He left position, is signed Ludwig Weis, who was then Presi¬ promise of preferment, everything that could dent of the Society. Here then was the ex¬ dazzle the mind of a soldier, or gratify an pressed thought of organized Societies, the honorable ambition. He left the society of a month pieces of the Germans, as early as Au¬ charming and lovely wife to whom he was gust 1775, which could not have been the devoted, the quiet of a home he yearned for, ■ growth of a few months. Why did the Con¬ and met death at the hands of an enemy with tinental Congress so soon and so unhesitating¬ whom he had no quarrel, that you and I and ly seek to utilize the Germans? Why was it our descendants forever might be free In our I so easy to obtain soldiers in the German Coun¬ civil rights, our political rights and that we I ties, if the Germans had not thought of the is¬ might without prejudice to either, worshipGod - sue and helped to make it before the call according to the dictates of our own con- a came ? May 25th, 1776, Congress resolved to science. Gabriel’s trump alone can summon !:i create a the unknown and forgo&ton Germans, who In GERMAN REGIMENT, that eventlul peiiod died martyrs to the sa¬ 4 Companies from Mary land and 4 fromPenna. cred cause of freedom, whom same of you By July 17th, Penna. had raised her four and would again crucify in their countrymen. n additional one, which was commanded And what was the spirit of Steuben ? Listen y Geo. Wrapper, an old German soldier, who to his letter to Congress, Dec. 1777: “Honor¬ ad served under Washington in numerous able Gentlemen .-—The honor of seeing a \mpaigns. Washington most urgently re- nation engaged in the noble enterprise of de¬ jommended him to Congress as a reliable man. fending its right and liberties was the motive Among the officers appear such names as that brought me to this continent. I ask nei- f'■ Hansagger, Bnrckhard, Rollwagen, Lora, ther riches nor titles. I am come here from the r Hubley, Boyer, 8chaeffer, Kotz, Weiser, remotest end of Germany at my own expense. j - Bower, Yeiser. On July 4th,1776, the day the I should willingly purchase at the expense of Declaration was proclaimed, a meeting was my blood the honor of having my name en¬ held of the officers and privates of 53 Battal¬ rolled among those of the defenders of your ions of Assoclators of the Colony of Pennsyl¬ liberty.” To Gen. Washington he says, “I vania at Lancaster—Berks, Bucks, Lancaster, shall only add that the object of my greatest York and Northampton Co’s, were repre¬ ambition is to render your country all the ser¬ sented by Germans. Here they are from vices in my power, and to deserve the title of Berks — Levan, Hiester (of these a citizen of America by fighting for the cause of there W6ie three, Joseph, John and Daniel, i your liberty." WeilI did he fulfil his pledge . who were an endnring name in the Revolu¬ He brought order out of chaos. He created tion), Lindermuth, Loeffler, Kremer, Lutz, our Regular Army. He taught them ma¬ Muller, Kelm, Hartman, Filbert, Wenrich, noeuvres. He introduced into the Army such a Spohn, Moser, Seltzer and the like. Berks system of drills, inspections and reports as v county had seven battalions in the war. Oar enabled our raw militia to combat successful¬ people were at Trenton, Princeton, Long ly with the British Regulars, and saved the Island, Brandywine and Germantown. There treasury $600,CCO.He made the American infan. I try equal to the best troops of the time. The PM-.'

I M ■H 8jst6m he laid down contrnuMToTJe tha only^ _ fcimon Snyd'er, a Pennsylvania German, oc- J one known to the American army for a long cupied the Gubernatorial chair of this State, i time,with such modifications as the great wars « THE CIVIL WAB. of ihe French revolution introduced. Unlike In the civil war that burst upon the land in DeKalb, he lived to see the struggling colo¬ 1861, on both sides of the controversy, for¬ nies become free and independent States. ^He eign Germans and descendants of Germans of himself became an honored citizen of New every creed, ably maintained the reputation York, living upon a tract of land in Oneida of German valor. 80,000 Germans county near the present Utica. In 1794, fall fought on the Union side. How many on of years and honors, he died and was laid to that of the Confederate side we have not had r68t under a hemlock tree near his residence. time to ascertain. On the Union side we On the very spot a public road was afterward have such names, foreign and native, as laid out and the old warrior’s coffin was ex¬ Schimmelpfennig, Siegle, Rosecrans, and a posed. By the hands of some affectionate host of others. To detail them, rank and tile, friends it was removed to a neighboring hill- f is to write a large page of your country’s glory. side and covered by a simple slab,upon which Amongst the confederates we recognize such appears the name “Steuben.” Underneath names as Zollicoffer, Imbodon, Deshler, Yer- rests all that is mortal of that brave German ger and others. If their names were written, man who, having served abroad in seven out many books would not contain them, and campaigns for two and twenty years, gave his looking over the roll we would be very forci¬ mature experience to the cause of American bly reminded of Rupp’s 30,000 names of Ger¬ liberty. He ranked next to Washington and man Immigrants to Pennsylvania. We have Greene, the great Generals of the Revolution. jet to learn that the laurels their countrymen But it was not only in warlike services that and ancestors had won in many a well con¬ onr people distinguished themselves. They tested field in Europe, in the Indian wars, ENJOYED WASHINGTON’S CONFIDENCE the Revolution, 1812, and Mexico suffered to a marked degree. He was never deceived through them. So far as money was Con¬ by them, and he knew that his appeals for cerned the German counties of Pennsylvania aid were never in vain. The granaries and did their full share ; bnt here the subject be¬ wagons and storehouses of the German rarm- comes too extensive, nor is it necessary to eis of Pennsylvania could not be supplied dwell upon it in view of the fact that thou¬ from any other source; they were indispen¬ sands of the survivors of that war are to be sable to the cause. Reading was head quar- found in every part of the land. We must al¬ ters for military stores. The log house,south¬ so bear this in mind—that the Eastern coun- east corner of Sixth and Franklin, was an old tiies of Pennsylvania have been a hive from . granary. But it did not stop there. The which, since the Revolution, year after year gold and silver which these frugal people swarms of Pennsylvania Germans with plow, had gathered by years of previous industry, and axe, and wagon have penetrated into was cheerfully yielded up for public use. At every county of Pennsylvania, In some Washington’s request nine citizens of Penn¬ instances actually captivating by arts of peace sylvania gave their personal bonds to pay in as Hengist and Horsa their Saxou ancestors gold and silver £21,000, or over $100,000, for did by arms from the Britons, the lands from provisions to supply the Army of Liberty. I the descendants of the original settlers; for give you their names—Michael Hillegas,John instance, Franklin county .settled,we believe, I Iteinmetz, Abraham Bickley,Joseph Bleivor, by Bcotch-Irisb. They have migrated East, Henry Eeppel, Fred. C. Hassenolever, Isaad West, North and South; so that it is not pos¬ Melcher, John Schaeffer, Andrew Doz. Is sible for one to go to any section of the coun¬ there any doubt of their ancestry? Daring try, even to the remotest, that you are not the whole period of the war Michael certain to find a Pennsylvania German or his Hillegas was the Treasurer of the United descendants; so too with the countrymen of States. I must not forget in this connection his ancestors, so that, were we to undertake Washington’s “honest friend,” Christopher to write or speak all that might be said, we Ludwig. He spent of his time and money. In would he writing the greater part of our coun¬ the convention at which Gov. Mifflin propos¬ try’s prosperity and history. ed a subscription for purchase of arms, when THEIB INFLUENCE ON POLITICS, TBADE, COM MEBCK AND ARTS OF LIFE. discouraging voices were heard the old sol¬ Their influence on politics, commerce,trade dier arose and said, “Mr. President, I am andAmerican civilization is beyond the power only a of any one man fully to comprehend or por¬ POOB GINGEBBBEAD BAKEB, tray. If you will examine the Roll of Gonsti-. but write down for me £200’’ This closed the tutional Conventions held In this State, be¬ ^debates. Me w« a man of iauaeaae mtlaenge, ginning with that of 1776 down you every¬ he always conld rally the Germans and always where find the German name. If you will did so. He also believed that “a false weight look into the Records of Po¬ was an abomination to the Lord,” for when litical Conventions of both parties, Washington told him that he simply wished national or otherwise, there they are again. to have a ponnd of bread for a pound of flour, Take up the roll of your Rational Congress at the old man said, “no, you shall have 135 lb3.” this day, .there you will find them. The rec¬ Christopher Ludwig should be cannonized ords of your own State Legislature, you will and made the Patron Saint of the bakers of find them there. And in all these bodies, the land. These are a sample of the deeds of past and present, you will in vain look for the Germans in the Revolution; and the rec¬ minds more able, counsellors more active or ords and traditions of the times, scattered sagacious, hearts more upright, and records throughout Eastern Pennsylvania and the freer from taint even In this day and genera¬ valley of Virginia, abound with similar tion, when investigations are so rife, and examples; so that it cannot be when there has been such wide-spread demor¬ truthfully denied that in everything alization in every branch of the public service. that contributed to the independence And to look hack to past administrations in of America the German men stood second to this State, is to look upon green spots In its none ! Truthfully indeed has Bancroft said : history. Nowhere do we find any more cred¬ “.Neither they nor their descendants have itable than those of Snyder, Hlester, Shulze, laid claim to all the praise that was their due.” Wolf, Ritner or Shunk. Well have they The second war of the Revolution, that of guarded the honor, the dignity and the treas¬ 1812, is so recent that there are so many per¬ ury of the State, and indelibly have they left sons still living who can bear testimony to their mark upon her institutions. It was un¬ the patriotism of the citizens ofEastern Penn¬ der George Wolf, the son of a plain German sylvania, that it is a waste of time to dwell emigrant, and mainly by his untiring efforts upon it Suffice It to say that when it occurred _ ana perseverancethatthe free school system was finally established in this State. Politi¬ nia, mainly In Lehigh county. In t con- cians, to subserve miserable party purposes, nection we must not omit the name of and to open an avenue to gorge themselves JACOB YODER, OF BEADING, with pubiic plunder, have lately gotten into who was the first white man to float a flat the habit of clamoring for more guarantees boat down the Mississippi. This was in 1782. for its safety. Absurd assumption, that sees He died at Louisville, Kentucky, and is there danger where none is menaced! Tney call it buried. the bulwark of the American Republic. Let Fred Graff, a descendant of one of the ear¬ these tricksters remember that the son of a liest settlers, constructed the Fairmount wa¬ German emigrant stood upon the outermost ter works. The public buildings of Eastern citadel. Let them remember that its Pennsylvania, outside of Philadelphia,we are safety is better guaranteed by German speaking of now; her churches, her court integrity, German intellect and houses, her school houses and their appoint¬ German firmness, than by their ments are the first in the State, and in point windy resolutions. We wish also to remind of size, architectural and decorative beauty, you that it was nothing but the treachery of these built by the German stock surpasses by his supporters that interfered with putting at far those of other races. It is not necessary the head of the Presidential ticket of one of for me to speak of the advance of the race in the great parties of the country the name of a agriculture here in the centre of the garden German, the gentleman who so quietly and spot of Pennsylvania. What God and Ger¬ unostentatiously administers the office of Gov¬ man industry have done for the country in ernor of this Commonwealth. this respect, neither the pen of the poet, the •Jt’ake up the pencil cf the painter, nor the tongue of the EDUCATIONAL DEPARTMENT, orator can portray. your Colleges and Universities in this State. We must not forget also to pay a just tri¬ You there find the German coming up to the bute to working men of Gsrrnan blood in this full measure of his well established fame. In land. Their humble, continnons, productive the pulpit cf every religious denomination for industry under free institutions, like the which Germans have any attachment their streams in the bowels of the earth flowing priests and pastors are as liberal, pious and silently on till they mingle together a mighty learned as any that can be found. At the bar ocean, upon which the world’s rich argosies and cn the bench and rostrum you will find sail, have contributed to place the them by scores, honored able and diligent. country’s prosperity upon an enduring basis. Frederick Smith, a native of this In their case, as it ever must, frugality, good county, attained to the dig¬ habits, energy and prudence have met their nity of the Supreme bench in our State. He usual reward in a greater self-respect, com¬ was a grandson of one of the first pastors of fort, Independence and the confidence and re¬ the Lutheran church,corner of 6th and Wash¬ spect of the community. May the day not long ington streets, and father of Hon. Henry W. be delayed when God will grant the country Smith. It is a notable fact that on our own wisdom to found such a policy as will entirely bench two law judges of are pure German ori¬ restore the industries of the country,and may gin-judges Hagenman and Sassaman— are tl e day never dawn when oppression and un¬ ji&nkea cr;„; affie by two Associate Judges just laws will deprive labor of its just reward. THE CENTENNIAL. buskibk ANd BBtJdkilAK Thus have I, the American descendant of a in whose veins flows the blood of the Nether¬ German emigrant, as best I could out of the lands. Their names will be found in the rec¬ mass of materials collected by myself, aided ords of the Thirty Years War. Your Con¬ by some friends, endeavored to tell the story gressmen and Senators, with very few excep¬ of the German in this laud. I know there tions have been of the same stock, are many omissions, the future and others Hiesters, Snyders, Ritters, Keim, must supply them. I have sought to descry Muhlenberg, Getz, and have held up their no race. With feelings of honest pride and heads with the best, they were descendants of profound pleasure have I endeavored to set the very earliest settlers distinguished in the before his descendants and bis countrymen, Indian and revolutionary wars. Your present Congressman has the blood of the old Indian In such a way as to deserve willing recogni¬ tion, the great and useful services that it ba9 fighters of Bernville. So too with your State renderedsince 1684, to wards making the Grand Legislature, your banking institutions—every¬ Exhibition now open at Philadelphia possi¬ where you will find them. Indeed the names ble. You, gentlemen of the societies, under of those who occupy the leading places in so¬ whose auspices this celebration has been held, ciety, places of trust and business,if collected, find ample reasons In the pure records of our would read like the muster roll of a German race for a German celebration of the Centen¬ regiment of Frederick the Great,the Emperor William, or any other German King, with nial anniversary. This connty of Berks,teem¬ ing with memories of the dangers, trials,hard¬ here and there a a foreign name which would represent the soldiers of fortune whom we ships, sufferings, lives and deaths of the Ger¬ find in the ranks of every great army. man settlers, Is a most fitting place for the If we cast our eyes in the direction of celebration. I oannot refrain here from pointing to the fact that the first township in GREAT COMMERCIAL ENTERPRISES., the State to fill the quota called for by the we will find the German blood asserting Its Centennial managers was that of Heilelberg, equality with the best. John W. Garret, the the region of country first settled by Germans great railroad man of the Baltimore and Ohio, near the grave of Conrad Weiser. Frans Gowen cf the Philadelphia & Read¬ The record proves that wherever placed we ing, have in them the blood of Germans from aie abreast of any race in history. That Eastern Pennsylvania—two railroad presi¬ THE GERMAN HAS DONljj HIS FULL SHARE dents whose names have never been con- and as muqa as any other race towards the nected with improper practices in legis¬ greatness, wealth, prosperity and everything lation. But David Deshler, bearing else that goes to the building up of tae State. a name frequently occurring in the earliest Because that record Is right I desire to rebuke records cf Eastern Pennsylvania, from those persons who, by changing their names, whence he emigrated to the State of Georgia, have sought to conceal their origin, or who was the only man of whom we know, that from any other motive deuy their German ^ver owned a whole railroad, lock, stock and ancestry. They are carrel. If onr recollection serves us right it WORSE THAN BABBABIANS. was the road betweenMobile and Atlanta. He A German name here is a mark of nobility— paid for it too. His blood relative are numer¬ a title of honor. ous in the south and in Eastern Pennsylva- 2. I desire to draw attention to those vir- tmtm ues of moderation, frugality ana industry .. The speaker was fre- hat made your State so prosperous, and to a__„ and loudly applauded through¬ ;ell my fellow citizens that if we would restore out the delivery of his address. He said : »nd maintain the individual and solid pros¬ perity of former days we must progress baok- It has been claimed that.but for Homer ward from this cursed modern extravagance, and the Greek dramatists and poets, andue desire to grow rich and live without Greece, with all its wealth of associa¬ forking to German house-keeping. tions, would to-day be unknown; that That if we wish to preserve the commercial but for them Byron would have had no idit of the people, the honor and dignity of 3 State, and remove grievous burdens from interest in an enslaved country, and that e back of the tax-payer, we must progress where ickward to German integrity and the purity “The mountains look on Marathon the early German administrations of the And Marathon looks on the sea,” ite. there would be a land of no associations I desire to encourage among children and iung men a feeling of pride in their German to fire heart and courage. If this be true, cestry, a desire to make themselves thor- what, then, would be known of this busy 'ghly acquainted with their history to tha world—“its fluctuations and its vast con¬ d, that they may be inspired like to virtues cerns”—were there no papers to chron¬ "f the good of their fellowmen and the State, icle its daily happenings? alike Alexander there are Chauncey Depew once said that two WOULD S YET FOB GBBMAN BLOOD «ud brain, and energy, and valor to conquer. events happened within two years of There are heights yet on which we must plant | each other in the sixteenth century which the German banner. Honors in every walk had greater influence upon human rights' in liSe to which we must attach the German ; and liberties than anything which has name. We must yield to no race under tha I occurred during the Christian era. These sun. To this end we must become imbued with that deep respect for religion that is so char¬ | were the landing of the Pilgrims upon acteristic of our German ancestry of every de¬ Plymouth Rock and the founding of the nominationUU1UJ Ida Lit/ X-l Uior WCliUcreed •: wenw must cultivate~ their first newspaper iu the English language. virtues, we must study the language and in¬ The first American newspaper, said he, stitutions and respect the laws of the country. was founded over two hundred years ago, If the laws are hot right we must change them. With liberty for our watchword wa but, following the traditions of the past, must give notice to the world that the Gar-, ‘ the royal authority instantly suppressed man race here on this Western Continent will it. The second effort of the censor to pro¬ not permit or countenance any measures that hibit the criticism of officials and the dis¬ Interfere with a man’s rights of conscience, cussion of current questions created that every man shall have the right to pursua Benjanun Franklin and lighted the fires any honorable calling and to worship God ia any form of religion without prejudice to hia of the American Revolution. civil or political rights. In other words 1st tha Continuing, Mr. Depew said: ‘When world know that the blood of the German race royal governors no longer dared to seize Is to-day what it was in the forests of Ger¬ and subservient legislatures to enact many before Europe knew what liberty was— statutes to destroy the press, that cun¬

\ MI \ . er,lhe newspaper has been a a class who, -notwithstanding they are .y increasing power until to-day daily fed by these papers with the pabu¬ .is to have almost reached the pin- lum which keeps their dull senses alive, .e of a rich, ripe maturity. However aud supplies them with the very conver¬ ^me people may decry it, and affect to sation they retail, are doing what they minimize its influence for good upon the can in their feeble way to .prejudice the generations that are growing up around public against them. They are the it, the race is being more and more en¬ stumbling-blocks that the newspaper re¬ lightened and ennobled through its porter encounters in his daily walks. j agency. A greater truth was, perhaps, They are the people who meet the most po-' never uttered than that “Providence lite approach as if it were an insolent in-! never imparted to man a more effectual trusion, and resent inquiries for intelli-j means for the emancipation of mind and gence which are entirely legitimate with , the overthrow of tyranny than the press.” rude rebuffs that cost them far more time! The modern newspaper is like the and breath than would be needed for a sensitive plate of the photographer, and brief statement of the information that is records the story of the lightning as sought. it flashes'its symbols across continents and Said Rev. George S. Horr, an eminent under the sea with an almost divine in¬ clergyman of Boston recently at a public telligence. The entire globe is its field dinner in response to a toast: of operations, and every nook and corner “People are very apt to blame editors J of the earth is made to yield its tribute for the scandalous matter that is found ! to the sleepless energy of its searching- in newspapers, and yet if they could for vision. Pacificus and his slow-going a little while step inside of the editorial compeers have no abiding-place in the office and see how much salacious matter j sanctum of such a busy workshop, where is suppressed, how editors have put i nimble fingers, as if directed by some within their hands weapons to strike wizard of the mind, are transforming down reputations and characters, and see bits of metal into serried hosts of thotight how that matter is put into the waste¬ that need but the endless web gliding basket, I think, instead of so much pro¬ through the grasp of the cylinders to miscuous condemnation of the press, you vitalize the leaden mass, and imbue it would wonder that the press of the conn- , with a life that is well-nigh deathless. try, take it all through, is as good as it So intelligent an observer as Justice is. It is a testimonial not only to the! Harlan, of the Supreme Court of the morality and high principle of editors, United States, recently expressed it as but to the moral tone of the community, his belief that the country is largely in¬ which is constantly demanding that debted for its protection from political newspapers shall not be salacioba and corruption, jobbery and extravagance to scandalous.” the vigilance and public spirit of the While all this is to the credit of jour¬ press. True, the work done \^y news¬ nalism, it is true that after a certain papers, in exposing, dragging into the fashion, men aud women can live with¬ tierce light of public opinion; public out reading newspapers or advertising in wrongs and abuses, is not appreciated at them. Robinson (Jrusoe did neither of its real value. Yet the fact remains that these things. But no one can examine j such wrongs and abuses, held up to the the lives of these men and women with- i scorn and hatred of the moral sense of out being struck with the dwarfing and | the public, have been fatally assailed Sind deforming effects of such unwholesome their long-continued survival is impossi¬ abstention from the natural food of the ble. It is only the wrongs which lurk human family. It is a little like the unperceived in obscure places, that are anecdote concerning a newr theory of the hidden by darkness and silence, which Exodus once elaborated by a negro' live and flourish in pernicious activity.1 preacher who told his congregation that; The press is the vanguard of civilization. the Red Sea was frozen over, aud so It never sleeps. No interval of even afforded the Israelites a safe passage, but comparative repose is allowed to stand when Pharaoh with his heavy iron in the way of its duty to the public. The chariots attempted to cross he broke demands upon it are inexorable. But it through and was drowned. A brother , honors them all with a swiftness that is arose and asked an explanation of that born of the lightning. It is, too, the “p’int.” Said he, “1’s been studyin’ strong right arm of the judiciary. It g’ography, and de g’ograpby say dat am throws light upon judicial proceedings. de place w’har de tropics am, aud de i It discusses, it criticises, judges and j tropics am too hot for freezin’: de p’int sometimes even condemns. It is, more- j to be ’splaiued is ’bout breakup through ! over, a twin-brother of the pulpit, and deice.” The preacher straightened him-1 the mutual good fellowship,born of truth self up and said, “Brudder, glad you i and intensified by an enthusiastic devo¬ axed dat question, for it gives me ’casion j tion to duty, is all-potential in the lift¬ to ’splain it. You see, dat war a great I ing up of man and in steadily advancing while ago, befo’ dey had any g’ographies, j the standard of civilization. aiul befo’ de*e war any tropics,” aud (he There are those who habitually decry might have added) befo.’ dere war any the newspapers and who depreciate the newspapers. *> magnitude of their work and the full And, now, before taking leave, I can¬ measure of their influence. They are of not refrain from saying a word or two in -25 /

, use at r corner of Highland ommeuctation ot the spirit which, [every and Front sts., ri the murder of John ow and then, takes ns away from the Witman 65 _ a. In 1827, before rudgery of life and setsus down amid Womelsdor: jQTporated into a bor- tjantiful scenes like this—where the oueb, Abral tdcn kept a hotel in ympatbetie soul may go out for relief this house, where old-time frolics were »nd comfort, and where there is no often held. It was in April of that year dur¬ sound abroad save those tuneful liar- ing moving that John Witman and Jos. iiionies which come from wood and field Angstadt had a quarrel which ended in a fist encounter. Witman, however, had ir-from the flowing stream, or from the the best of it, and Angstadt, it is said, droning, buzzing insect world. Taking vowed that he would get eveD. In the a day out in the leafy month of June, is evening a frolic was held at the Guldin like entering some golden portal that house. Witman was playing the violin. leads into a world of bloom and beauty— Angstadt was there, bought a pie and a world where there are songs which no said he would prefer a sharp butcher nice-fingered art can emulate, where love knife with which to eat the pie. Ap¬ breathes out a sweet contagion,' and proaching Witman, who was playing the where there are delights like green is¬ violin while Jacob Bender was dancing a lands of eternal youth and never-ending jig, he struck him a blow, the knife pene¬ trating the head above the left eye and the joy. point protruding on the opposite side kill¬ “I never hear” says Burns in one of his ing him instantly. Angstadt,in making his letters, “the low solitary whistle of the escape, yelled at the top cf Ills voice: “I curlew in a summer noon, or the wild have murdered a man in the first degree,” mixed cadence of a troop of gray plovers hut he was soon apprehended and put un¬ in an autumnal morning, without feel¬ der arrest. Strange to say, it was seen ing an elevation of soul like the enthu¬ that he struck the blow, but not that he siasm of devotion or poetry.” had the knife in his hand. He was, how¬ , Let any but a civilized brute go into ever, found guilty of manslaughter, and ! the country when the apple-blossoms, served a term in the penitentiary. Ang¬ stadt was a traveling cigarmaker, and “like foam-wreaths from the eternal was employed by Wm. McConnell, who sea,” have hurst into bloom, and take a carried on the trade here at that time, peep into their dewy hearts, and inhale and grandfather of William McConnell, their odorous qualities, and see how he living on North 2d st. Charles Phillips, ■will be lifted up as with an all-perva- veterinary surgeon, of this place, aged 79 ding sense of spotless purity and long- years, was an eye witness to the affray, sustained sweetness. Nor is this a mod¬ and stood within a few feet to Witman when he fell. He says that the crowd icum of the joy which the observer feels was dissuaded from lynching Angstadt in this close communion with nature. with great difficulty.-*"- Thanks, therefore, to the enterprise which, through a liberal expenditure of money, has made these lofty environ¬ ments of ours so easily accessible to all. There is something positively inspiring in the ^ ’■petual presence of mountains, (Set which of all natural objects are confess¬ edly “the finest symbols of generous at¬ tainment.” Some one has said—and he had the mountains in his mind when he wrote it—that “what is noblest and best is placed over us. Excellence is a height; greatness is an elevation; virtues are lofty. Prayer goes up. We improve as we ascend. Heaven is arched over our heads. Heroic souls scale the mount of God.” In a word, both those divinest motions of our spirits, aspiration and veneration, are upward-looking. Those ih objects, therefore, that most impel one to look away from earth, above, beyond it, are obviously the highest incentives to How Conrad Weisers Sons Carried high endeavor and all generous attain- ment. the News of Massacre.

THE HISTORICAL HERO OF BERKS.

A Town on the Frontier and How \AN OLD LANDMAR ONE. •t John It Was Planned by the Penns. 'Irector. wnof the n in the faint j- T FIRST AUCTION wt’en ^toodTn" a^rclewifc eager, anx ' OF OITY LOTS. ions faces listening to the «citalofthe^air as directing their conversation t# tueir father who sat bending forward slightly in absorbed attention, they told the: story of Reading as It Is To-Day-The City at murder and arson and outrage which was Y Raveling like wild fire by the lips of other the Junction of the Talleys and Its bonier messengers along the banks of the Susquehanna and across the Kitt_tinny Future—One Hundred and Mountains. the story of war. | Forty Tears of History. It was a pitiful recital, truly, which Con¬ rad Weiser beard from the lips of his two rou"h-riding sturdy sons Frederick and By a- Staff Correspondent of The Pbess. Peter as he sat there with his faun hands „1 telly .round bta . tta hyta of tb. eading, May 27.— 1 The blue haze on j farm tallow dips that Sunday night, Octo¬ ber 26 1755. The French with their blood¬ the Kittatinny j thirsty Indian allies, were coming toward foot-hills w a s Tulpebocken, and Heidelberg and Read¬ deepening into the- ing killing and burning as they marched ; blazing a pathway to the settlements of purple and §tay Berks in blood and ashes and strewing it twilight of an Oc¬ tober Sun day Tkeadv ha^ they crtsed° thTsuSnehanni if evening in 1755, r, y noat two»*• ” youngj-_= men. . plantation'from yboma. M.WjtoHunt- \ rode eastward down the heavy road H ^ out of the forest near the present ^ Wommel^d^rf in Berlss County. historical boro ot Eeaifc. a«dEe'tj »t JKS» the right or left. « in his farm bouse writing letters, while note that the last rays of the hk servants and elder sons on fresh homes were falling in broad bands of were riding through the darkness rousing the scattered inhabitants and sending the across their pathway, tinting staining storv of massacre and death throughout alP with highlights of fPlendo0{rdea^doaSk"eaves the townships of that portion of the pro- . the gamboge and crimson 0 ‘ acrosa the a deeper dye, they rode s g i j lo„ farm Pr‘‘Bring’ dgunsa,iDswords, pitchforks, and i wide clearing toward a substantia axes with three days’ rations and meet house which was the one conspicuous object Conrad Weiser at Benjamin Spicker’s in THnchocken at 3 o’clock to-morrow after¬ in the foreground of the lan *?) j with a noon. The Indians are coming. They were sturdy young This was the toesin that sounded at every aetermined »k “?* !^e conl,a„t door between sunset and dawn on that eventful^ight in old Berks. And wh &aShicr's*b.«i .i»v. ** pver the Dews was earned , wheiever tne hoarse shouts of the messengers rang out the darkness and the dull hoof-beats of their horses in the turf died away asjhey men uuioco — ■' --_ 11 off to other homes, lights flashed

Wiich they be.trode wilt e».y gi»c« waited, not tor tne , -:ile wives

ana u»usu>“« is isssw&tf s 3bi who were to go forth SflStloU “ toy tad and his sons. been ridden for many hours previous. the meeting at spicker s. THE COMING OT’ THE MESSENGERS. And early into the morning Conrad Wei As they reached a slight knoll and were for an instant outlined in dusky silhouette against the background of forest and foot¬ hill, a faint shout reached their ears ana the next instant they saw a little group of people gather hurriedly about the doorway 1 of the farmhouse with the commanding fig- • i ure of an elderly bareheaded man m their J o'clock on tbe afternoon of Mon on mbM There was no answering shout from re the rough-riding, stern-looking pair but ie in tbe same dogged, weary ga.lop, with the ,, frown deepening about their eyes, they drew rein over their jaded horses only when the f eager hands of the farm laborers clutched the bridles and the riders flung themselves IS from the high wooden saddles, and, with a brief but affectionate greeting to the el¬ derly master, strode across the threshold ot under the big oak tree in the meadow, which Conrad Weiser the leading man i the homestead with tbe eager group at their the country, aectareudeclared hisms intention ofvr, ? teAS'sudden bush seemed to have fallen ing with his neighbor as a common soldie It^was characteristic- o£._iie man, butt

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A.MILIM? -POINTS IN READING. iburg, Gerffiat -and {herd he was elected to the command was reared in the' Lutheran £af£h, Tmt the In bis letter to Governor Morris describ subsequent persecutions which were visited i ing the organization of this Indian expedi¬ upon the Protestants in the palatinate led tion, “to kill and scalp a few Indians,’' as his father to emigrate with his wife and one chronicler of the olden time has put eight children to the New World. Conrad it, Conrad Weiser says:— was 14 years of age when he landed with HE PRAYED ABOVE THE GUNS. his parents in New York in 1710. The party were classed among the “redemp- “I made the necessary disposition, and tionists.” those who had been eared for by 1 the people were divided into companies of the good Queen Anne and assisted on their thirty men in each company, and they way to their new homes. Without the chose their own officers; that is a captain means to pay their way, with the fires of i over each company and three inferior offi¬ persecution blazing behind them and the | cers under each, to take care of ten men, wide ocean rolling between them and lib¬ and lead theiql on or fire as the captain erty, the Queen furnished several thousands : should direct. I of them with the means to reach America | “I sent privately for Mr. Kurtz, the Lu- on condition that they would repay her threan minister, who lived about a mile by giving a certain number of years to her off, who, came and gave an exhortation to the service in the colonies. men and made a prayer suitable to the The “redemptionists” usually pledged the time. Then we marched toward Susque¬ labor of their children during their minor¬ hanna.” ity as a recompense for their passage, and Nothing more strangely picturesque than thus it was that the family of the Weisers this episode at Benjamin Spiekers’ farm¬ removed to Livingston Manor, in New house can be found in all the subsequent Y'ork, where for three years they burned history of the province of William Penn, i tar and cultivated' hemp in the service of The yeomen of Berks County; the Dutch the Queen. But their labor soon began to of Heidelberg and Tulpehocken; the Welsbl assume a form of bondage under the com¬ of Cumen, and the scattered English from missioners of the Governor of New York, the banks of the Schuylkill gathered on that and a protest brought them relief. crisp October afternoon prepared to march ! against the common enemy beyond the RELEASED FROM BONDAGE. mountains. The embattled farmers of New ! One hundred and fifty families, among England,or the raged Continentals encamped them the Weisers, removed to Schoharie, in the snows around the Valley Forge in forty miles west of New York, and here after years presented in all their grotesque- ; the romance proper of Conrad’s life began. ness of habilament no such, outlandish One of the frequent visitors to the frontier armament as distinguished these Minute home of the Weisers was an Indian chief of Men of Berks. The best equipped recruit in all the little army carried a flintlock the Mohawk tribe, and in 1713 this chief over his shoulder, while his companion in persuaded Conrad to return with him to his arms, who rode by his side, poised a shin- t tribe and learn their language. His father ing pitchfork on his stirrup with all the agreed to the proposition, and the youth, grace of a knight errant of King Arthur’s ' then 18 years of age, accompanied his indian round table, while to add effectiveness to { friend. His experiences among the Mo- his outfit a keen edged ax hung by a leather hawks were of the mbst dramatic natureT thong to his side. He was frequently compelled to go for days i ft It is the record of history that the de- ’ without food; had scarcely clothing during fenders of Berks were lacking in arms and the inclement Winter weather to cover his ammunition. The letters of Conrad Wei- j r ser to the Governor are full of appeals nakedness, and to add to the severity of for this sort of aid and it is not a matter | his condition he was often forced to fly be¬ of wonder that in defending their boraes fore the tomahawks of some of the drunken the early settlers of this region resorted to ! tribesmen and remain in concealment until every means of defense, and every arm that their anger at the pale-faced visitor had i» f human ingenuity could suggest. abated. He was practically a captive dur¬ But it is about Conrad Weiser that these | ing this period. But he acquired a com¬ events and all previous history of Beading j mand of the Mohawk tongue, and when he and the adjacent townships center. In the returned to his father the following year he annals of the fourth county of the Com-! was able to act as interpreter between the monwealth his name stands side by side1 Indians and the Germau settlers in that with the Penns, and the Biddles, the Reads portiou ot New York. and the Levans. He is best known by his ! Afler nearly ten years of life on this most recent office before his death, that frontier the inhabitants were disturbed in - of the first President Judge of Berks their possessions and a new migration was County. the result. With a number of others the And who was Conrad Weiser, the histor¬ Weiser family removed to Berks County, ical hero of Berks? where they settled at Tulpehocken, leaving Conrad and his wife—he had married in , WHO WAS CONRAD WEISER? 1720—at Schoharie. Six years after his An exile from the Palatinate; A tar- family’s departure Conrad, with his wife, burner of Livingston manor; an Indian in¬ two sons and three daughters followe , and terpreter, an evangelist, a warrior, a judge. located about half a mile east of the present Every land purchase from the Indians by village of W’omelsdorf. the Penns during the period from 1729 to The Penns very shortly discovered that a valuable addition had been made to the set¬ 1750 was conducted by him as interpreter, tlement in Tulpehocken. Conrad Weiser’s ; ns and it is the proudest boast of his descend¬ familiarity with the Indian language, his j ants that never a complaint as to his justice unerring judgment, his integrity and his and fairness was ever uttered by either strong religious convictions singled him f pt: party to the transaction. out from the other thousands of settlers ! The story of Conrad Weiser’s life is one in the Schuylkill and Lebanon Valleys. His first service for the Penns was in 1831, hM’- X long romance. He was born in a small sr % A \

'

PENN STREET ROOKING EAST, and for nearlyThirty years he continued in took such a personal interest in this strat¬ their service as interpreter and agent, and egic movement that he was present in per¬ in the negotiation of treaties. Weiser was son when the lines were run for the pro¬ among the first to agitate the erection of posed city. But water was hard to obtain the county of Berks, and for fourteen years in the ITockley plan, while it was abund¬ he was unremitting in his efforts in this di¬ ant on the Lawrence property, which had rection, until his labors were crowned with I been increased in 1738 by the purchase by success in 1852,when he wa» appointed one Lawrence of 137 1-2 acres additional in of the Judges, having served in the capacity the rear of his first tract, and in every way of justice for a number of years previous. the latter was mosi desirable. But Thomas The incident which has been described Penn, although a non-combatant, was a above was only ODe of the man thrilling peaceful strategist. episodes in his life. It is unnecessary to 'The m'ovement toward a town upon the follow him through the French and In-1 Hockley land, and the fact that he would dian war. Subsequent to the meeting at be left out in the suburbs, brought the re¬ Spicker’s farm house, he wras e a lieu-VB calcitrant Lawrence to terms; he finally tenant colonel in the Provincimadrmy and surrendered and conveyed both his tracts commanded the Second Battalion of the to Thomas Jenkins on the 30th of Decem¬ Pennsylvania Regiment. He began bis ber, 1745, and four days later Jenkins con¬ life as.ja warrior by requesting the Luther¬ veyed the property to Richard Hockley and an cllSphman to bless the nondescript brig- Richard Peters, who were interested in the a(!e who were going out to “scalp a few In¬ reconveyance of the same to the Penns. On dianshe closed it with honor to him- the 6th of March, 1748, these gentlemen self and his adopted home. turned the property over to Thomas and When the two sons of Conrad rode across j Richard Perm, and, having accomplished Ia the Kittatinny Mountains and through the their purpose, the scheme for a city on the forests on the foot-hills as messengers of Hockley site was abandoned. The Fin¬ war, Reading was a frontier village of 1000 neys also surrendered to the Penns in the inhabitants. Its establishment was in this same way. wise. MEN OF IDEAS. In tbeir desire to sell all the lands in the Within six months after the final transfer province to settlers, the descendants of ; the city of Reading was laid out in lots of William Penn in 1733 disposed of that ly¬ ing east of the Schuylkill near the “Ford,” sixty feet front and on the 15th of June, 300 acres in all, where the highway from ' 1749, the sale took place. Tulpehocken to Philadelphia crossed the ' In all the light of our nineteenth century Schuylkill, to Thomas Lawrence. Eleven progress we are apt to regard certain real hundred acres vi'ere set apart about the same estate movements in various parts of the time for Richard Plockley for the use of the country as phenomenal. The planting of Penns, this tract extending northwardly towns in Southern wildernesses, such as along the river. In the same year John and Samuel Finney took out a warrant for New England City and Anniston and Jean¬ 450 acres of land on each side of what 13 ette in our own Westmoreland, where out now Penn Street in the city of Reading. of a luxuriant wheat field there sprang into full and vigorous life within one year a city A BIT OF STRATEGY. of 5000 people, is looked upon as little less Strange as it may appear, the Penns sub¬ than miraculous. But the quiet Quakers i sequently desired to repurchase this land ■ of the eighteenth century were far and with a view to establishing a city at this away ahead of the modern idea. The great point on the Schuylkill. But neither Law- \ United States has overlooked the fact that rence nor the Finneys were willing to sell. Thomas and Richard Penn established a Then the quiet Quakers resorted to a bit city in the Pennsylvuna wilderness; plotted it and held an auction sale, a vig¬ of strategy which won for them the day. orous prototype of what followed in other They directed Nicholas Scull to survey1 States 130 years later,and within four years the Hockley land, which had been reserved saw a frontier municipality of 1000 souls for them, into town Lots. Thomas Penn blossom like the one upon what had been

' -- iug, after the county town of Berkshire, a semi-wilderness on the outskirts of civil- i ization. ' England—just as later the county was Oh, Chicago may bluster, and New' York named Berks after the Penns’ native shire grin, and Boston wag its gray head and —and the announcement of the sale of lots the new citieS of the new South and th,e was made. woolly West and Puget Sound point the There was a great crowd of people gath- j linger of derision at Philadelphia, the city ered m Penn Square on the 15th of June, 1 of the Penns, and one and all tilt the nose 1749. They came on foot and on horse of suggestive contempt at) the quiet figures from Oley and Tulpehoeken and Heidel¬ in broad-brimmed bats which hold for all berg and banks of the Schylkill and Man- time the most conspicuous place in Penn¬ atawney Creek. There were one or two sylvania’s splendid history; but just the from Philadelphia and quite a little crowd : same, gentlemen all and ladies fair of these from Lebanon and Lancaster. It was a closing decades of the nineteenth century, homely concourse in homespun garments, you are “not in it” with the dear quiet old 1 leather leggins, and wide, straight rimmed Quakers of 175(1.' They were eighteenth hats, for the most part. The site of the city century men with nineteenth century ideas, ' of Reading never looked handsomer than it and you must fish out of dusty library did on that morning, with the trees in all shelves the yellow-leaved colonial records the splendor of their livery of green, the to find out how antiquated some of your so- birds warbling, and the sun shining like! called “modern” ideas are. silver on the shallows down by the "ford.” | When Chicago was a frog pond, unblessed THE AUCTION OF BEADING LOTS. by the sight of the first explorer’s face: Tnen Conrad Weiser—whose statue should, j when Birmingham, Aia., was a hunting ground, and the tall pines waved over the but does not, be lifted high on Penn Square ! untrodden wilderness where Seattle and Ta-' just where he stood that June morning and coma now lift their heads, Reading was a spoke the words that brought a city into city after the modern plan. And it is here being—stood up among the assembled peo¬ yet, with its scores of factories and thous¬ ple and in a clear high voice read the an- ands of homes; the roar of its furnaces and nouncemtnt of the appointment of commis¬ the rush of its hundreds of daily trains. sion to treat with all the good people who The blaze of its electric lights in the valley bv nisht and its pillar of smoke by day are should apply for lots in the town. The the fire and cloud of prosperity and indus¬ Penns had appointed to this office the three try which lead it on to a great destiny. most prominent men in the neighboring To understand the causes which led the settlements, viz., Conrad Weiser, Francis Parvin, .and William Hartley. But the Penns to locate a city in this portion of purchasers were compelled to submit to their province, it is necessary to recall to certain conditions and these were read out the reader’s attention the fact that there were but two towus which served as centers by Conrad Weiser in the same loud, high of business for the residents of Berks pitched voice as follows:— 1. Every whole lot of sixty feet to be I subject to a ground rent of 7 shillings pay¬ able to the proprietaries; to begin on March 1, 1750. 2. Lots on the great square to be built with brick or stone in one year from March 1, 1760. 3. Lots on the main street, not on the square, to be built upon in two years. 4. Other lots within blocks adjoining the main street to be built upon in three years. I 5. Lots in blocks remote from main street j to be built upon in five years. 6. A sixty-feet lot, if too large, should be divided and ground rent apportioned. 7. All who should take lots before March 1, 1750, were licensed to take stones for building purposes from any land of the! proprietaries, assigned by Hartley. 8. Title to be made upon erection of I building; no assignment to be made before ! erection of building. 9. Privilege of ground rent at 7 shillings I County, which was not known, however, to continue only to March 1, 1750. as a county until 1752, three years after its 10. Houses to be built according to the county seat had been selected. These were 1 location of the streets Lebanon,twenty-eight miles to the west and I 11. Persons hereafter (after the sale) to' Philadelphia to the South. The people re¬ apply to the commissioners named in refer- i siding on the west bank of the Schuylkill ence to lots. regarded Lebanon as their county seat and 12. Two whole lots to be alloted. in some ! center of trade, while those on the east side convenient place for building houses of re- r went to Phladelphia. The extent of Berks ' ligious worship. County, it must be understood, was limited 13. Persons who intend taking lots to I onv by the ability of the proprietaries to send in with their names the time in which j travel through the wilderness and claim the they can build, but they are not to build land. In the sweep of country to the north sooner than they really can, otherwise they and northwest, there were, it is estimated, may obstruct the progress and success of ' at least 10,000 people; but outside of Leb¬ the town. anon there was not a town or even a vil- . Such were the conditions to which the ! lage in all its extent. The necessity for a first purchasers of lots in Reading were i center of life and traffic for this community compelled to submit; and that they were was appareut to the Penns, and so the fu¬ « common sense and very wise regulations | ture city was laid put. It was named Read- j no one will deny. ■ ■

l .■

THE

As to the success of that first auction sale tiler. i little is known, but judging from subse¬ In the first four years after the half quent results it must have been a very large century patents were issued for 241 lots and successful afiair. In compliance with in the town of Reading. Morton L. ;the first condition it is found that by the Montgomery, the historian, says of the city I year 1751 the following lot owners had and its population at this time:— erected buildings: Weiser, Justice “If the conditions of the sales were ful¬ I of the Peace ;Daniel SteTMKS&.mercbant of filled there would appear to have been at ! Philadelphia; Isaac Levans, of Exeter, yeo- ■least 200 dwellings in the town in 1755 and j mail: Adam Whitman, shop and inn 1000 inhabitants. It is possible that not ' keeper. In the second year following the all the lots and patents were included in j sale the record shows that 133 lots had the statements of these years. The esti¬ dwellings,stores or inns erected upon them, mated buildings and inhabitants are, there¬ most of the builders being farmers from the fore, rather below than above the correct adjacent country. numbers. Nearly all the patentees named I were resident at Reading. The growth of THE FIBST MEN OF BEADING. the town was certainly wonderful.’' Among those who erected buildings and presumably conducted the business of their THE QUIT-BENT EXCITEMENT. H occupation during the year 1752 were the That all of the conditions of that first sale i following: Daniel Hester, Montgomery were not fulfilled was shown seventy years (County farmer; Francis Parvin, tanner; later, and long after the last one of the first William Reeser and C.'Witman.cordwainers; purchasers had gone down to his grave. It EenryWolf and George Dauro, cordwainers; was the provision concerning the annual Peter Schneider, blacksmith; Benjamin payment of a ground or quit-rent of seven Lightfoot. shopkeeper; Abraham Brosnis, shillings. Many of the lot holders persis¬ tailor; William Hottenstein, potter; Philip tently neglected this, and the years J. Moyer, baker: Nicholas Kennel], beer and decades rolled away until at last brewer; Michael Zuster, George Douglass, the quitrent provision became a dream, 1 saddlers; Benjamin Pearson, joiner; George a thing that only occasionally came to : Hitner, Philadelphia merchant; Henry the attention of the legal gentlemen ( Reuthmeyer, wheelwright: Ernest Kurtz, who pored over the county records in search of titles. (tobacconist; Kraft Huner, baker; Paul But in 1S15 there appeared upon the i Derst, Jacob Morgan, Peter Hows, Peter scene an attorney of the Penn heirs, Feder, John Nicholas Yost, inn keepers; who came to collect the long overdue John Early, joiner; John Wilson, miller; ground rents. Then began an agita- Henry Ilabn, blacksmith; Evan Popkins, j tion which ran through five or six cooper; George Michael Kreter,slaughterer; years. In 1815, and three years later, Paul Par let. carpenter; Peter Kapp, in 1818, public notice was served butcher; Peter Conrad, of Virginia, smith; upon all delinquents that unless*the Peter Baum, turner; George Yoh, potter; accrued payments of sixty-five years, Jacob Libroch, baker, and Henry Grau, or less, were promptly forthcoming, | Green Tavern. . , ’ „ the lot9 charged with them would be Among the other industries which figure sold. Such a hunting up of titles I to a very limited extent on the tax lists in and patents and musty receipts was (the second year of Reading’s life were never known before or since in the 'those represented by Tobias Waggoner, history of Reading town. clerk ; Henry Melchoir Muhlenberg, min¬ The consternation of the first an¬ ister ; Adam S. Kuhn, Lancaster esquire, nouncement grew into a settled anx¬ and Jacob Kern, gent. The third year, iety. and this in turn gave way to in¬ T753 saw eighty-three patents taken out for dignation. The agent of the Penns lots ’in the city and the following occupa- must have led a most unhappy ex¬ | \ tions which were before without represen¬ istence during these years which cul¬ tation in the town appeared on the list to minated finally in a public announce¬ wit: James Biddle, lawyer; Everhart Mar¬ ment in 1822 that on and a f: Oc. tin,soap boiler; Philip Jacob Erpf, mason; - Conrad Stichter,weaver,and Jacob Rappolt,

■ ">v 15 of that year he would' discon- ae his agency for the Penns. Fearful that their titles might be clouded of indep■f ftr,kitchen""gardensT'^A”'*'' —— —- - • 3Bn?.. the'scee spec —despite the fact that by an act of Novem¬ progress .. omy a intie w ber 27, 1799, the estates of the proprietaries of Pennsylvania were declared vested in the It must be rememoered that absolute almost slavish subjection to tbeir maste State and quit-rents abolished—large uum- : bers of lot holders compromised with the ! l/* Pcvernmenta 1 affairs was the rule whit had held sway among this people not on! attorney of the Penns, obtained releases of in their own lives,but through lon~ venen the ground rents and had these recorded in I Reading. tions of their ancestors in the feudal Stati ,of Europe and under the rigorous reign « THE TITLES PERFECT. Wl,h.i sovereigns. That strain in tt But the matter did not rest here. Long blood of our ancestors is manifested to-da years after—a half century nearly—when when we wind up our requests to the me Granville Penn visited the province of his HHve We ?ave elev.ated *o Office, in le°h ancestors, he was waited upon and asked if Iative and executive positions, with th he or other heirs of the Penns contemplated words and your petitioners will ev< the reopening of the question of ground fejc' ’ e*c- ’’ It is a survival < the or1 feuda! days; when men regarde rents in Reading. He replied in the nega¬ tive. The issue had been permitted to lapse, divineParam0aDt and Kings little s^ort c he said, and it would never be reopened by the descendants of the Penns. THE PROPRIETARIES REPLY. “No title of property in Reading is But take note of the reply; its graciou clouded by the failure to have on record a condescension, its lofty dignity as becometi release for the original quit-rent,” said a venerable and leading member of the Berks the owners of a future State in the Ameri can Union. County bar, in discussing this question. “There are not a great many of the orig- Us K-a.th been represented ti inailots against which a claim for the Us that the inhabitants of the Town o Verm quit-rents could stand, but if any of 5fd pM, the C°Uuty of Bei-ks, in th, the Penn heirs of the present day were to laAd Fro™c.e ■ are In *reat want of a Mar- urge such a claim I have no doubt that the of pL 7lng,an- Selling Provisions, and lower courts, and the Supreme Court also, l™1?. I°r buying and selling Goods, would not hesitate to decide against the Wares, Merchandise and Cattle. claim. Technically, the claim still holds, Now Know ye that We, favoring the rea- but there is a principle of equity in the eonsidle req"fst„of *be said Inhabitants, and question which, I think, would influence safd Tnwn^ifhe flourish ing State to which the any Judge or jury.” said Town hath arrived through their In- The growth of Reading, considering the dustry have of Our free will, ganted, and time, was marvelous, and from the begin¬ WnLtbeSe Prese,nts> for Us, our Heirs and ning its inhabitants manifested a public Successors grant to the present and suc- spirit that has its counterpart to-day in ceeding Inhabitants of the said Town that many of the cities of the West. Along in ^e/,sha11 and may forever hereafter have 17(34 the people began to feel their import¬ the said T to begin on ship of Reading had been erected in 1761. leJ h day of June, to be held in Penn In 1764 a request for the privilege of hold¬ aforesaid, and to continue that Day ing fairs and markets was presented to the and the Day following. But in ease of I Governors in which it was “most humbly either of those Days shall happen to fall on I stated:” Sunday then the said Fairs to be held the ( THE PETITION FOE A FAIR. “That, your Petitioners and Tenants i under such Grants,and having been at very considerable Expences in Erecting Houses and making other Valuable Improvements in the said Town, But humbly conceive that could we be favour’d with a Charter of Incorporation, granting Liberty to hold and keep Public Markets weekly and Fairs twice in the Year on certain Days.it would greatly tend to advance the Value of Lots, Lett and to be Lett, encourage many others to come and Settle among Us, Increase our number of Inhabitants, bring More Wealth and render the Town of Reading More hap¬ ICeucbler’s Roost. py and abundantly more flourishing. succeeding day or two days followin< “Wherefore your petitioners pray your and no longer, With all the Libert,elan Honor to take tbe Premises in Your Con- i sideration, aud Promote and forward the CAnTwe°doCl] fH!rS bKelonging or Incites e do a,1.80 hereby grant to the Pre; Prosperity, Happiness and Increase of one [ ^"d .suoceedingJnhabitants of the Tow of the Proprietaries Towns by Incorporating ot Reading that they shall and may hoi and Granting them the Privilege of Fairs j aud Markets as aforesaid.” Street1* Wlthin the said Town, in Pen t fc' * between Queen Street an Grandiloquent enough in phraseology jmd I i nnce ^.treet, two Markets in each Week humble enough in its expression to have that is to say one market on V/ednesda- been a petition for a cessation of war and one market on Saturday in every Wee] against defeated people, much less a,prayer of the year forever. * for the privilege of exhibiting the products dafnDd iw do,also hereby grant and or dam that there shall be a Clerk o of the farm and dairy, and the trafficking / 23

mneau, Heister, ^B'Cr | ^ * Thn am Town vpho nn — vfrtviran are familar ones in the 3 Market, tor vuw 0 ^ winp Jones, an

jglmg cause^ of to-day.

j The Beading of to-day needs uo extended introduction to th® ^ in its situation nia. It stands unsuipasSed inb { iM

-!'”SVc»srirs and commercial advantag^wealth. Nest. tl’ sister cities ol the ho5e expansive lie Conestoga ^g°survivor of the past in lu-S 1” *“’7* belSa gS rhite haned ° t bewail the decadence sweep will ye* B“e“e nymous with bound- ^he^lvern’dance. the country cock fight, and whose name i 7^7^ progress, this he fox chase and the horse races. (less wealth an its boundaries, IUA -- - beading’s subsequent history. city is steadily extendi )g niUlde of its iconstantly ^ea!dding to its multitude of !industries, evei aaai g every de¬ ri* tS-TLlT^r peaceful, prospero Bfe it is in the van; partment of muniupa life nufactories, 5. city within th. »’ ™; its fi?aociaV“ Hie e^abiishments, its char- “ pSh »%rr™w» and its mer~a , ' :+a newspapers and llgn which swept noeleft Beading ities and its churches to***££ ^ich it a borders of the fire-brand and scalp its railways are th itself. with honor itouched althout. _ deadly work almost has set up with.ciem q{ tbe past are rap- g knife nought thwr deaa.17^ thf; &st to the State. T landmarks ot one pon her thresbo • st’orrn were gath- idly disappeanng. falling before the iuttenngs of the coming the ^ fi hundred years a=> a tbat remain only march of progress Jho» °Veihetthrone of England, the people ead on the throne b tbe 8Cheme serve to emphasize the ^ -ail, Judge • f Reading were: slow to■ nt> Loy. past and the little building, f altering the form ot.gila had alwavs Brackman s '^e' ”f'r of Sixth and Wash- Ity to established ^ thiB which at the southwest corim otber8 alone,re- baractemea them, ana deliberate ington S^p Farme«T Bank building is a mam. The h older generation be- Si“e?p.? “',»»«» ««•*>** hallowed place to the o^^ ^ 3tone loined the *°tj gf, btoo'd^nd their treas- TUey pve i p tbeKblooa^or ^ right o£ r»“« ^tss*'pS are m that crucia S testimony of self government No better ^ ^ ind. Tui

eaort' crowned with success. QST I AKP ^kuechlek’s eoost. AN . 11 Ihp State is blessed with No city m all the St t ^ Miles 0f Isuch an environ £be most ro- electric railways lea sed beauties to antic retreats The un F of Never- of Mineral Park and^ He.gghts need 0nly be sink and Mount humbler and more hinted at. In the ^'‘K end. Who material enjoym1eS ding or surveyed the that ever visited Beading, or and the A Berts County Hay Wagon. panoramic WJn“'of “Knech-

fading,tt.S»5 ttitude or its people B height when nd celebration It was at » s the , combined a^auU .was ^ outrai’ged in- SSsctS:^^ -aft ; g/lacUlTeiad the hearts otof thousands, and“-f hSS ’nddmghy th P who organized the 1 nun,vimidst.er” and: labitants. lh«’ driven out of the com- rory Jubilee were and children far^have'had ^

we“e Offered and accepted the shelter 0 %l?&tory of thta .yjjr is told. Tbe sweep of time thk some magnanimous 0 1q Just as Comade we ^ ^ to rest auction on a June mo | , material May afternoon of ^9n2iT1„e thT9 citv at the years before that V WomeMorf— for volumes conwrninR ^ ronialloe ,f in the little gra y .p 17g5 g0 the peo- gateway of two valley - jts real* ,had bee? ^dwfrd Biddle their leader in the Beading is a memory of the P^ nle saw mEdwara sturdy, strong- I ity is a crowning triumpn 01 u

rbe oiBiaJ L

ZX2 > t s. (*. / _ One of the many companies that went out from Reading daring the oivil war was « &3^A/ tPC v Company C, 42d Penn3ylvania~Yoinnteer Militia. The ’company was organized jn honor of Captain John E. Arthur and was known as the “Muhlenberg Guards.” It originally numbered 101 men and was —A. K. Sp t’,4 or'wrfretor of the Washington h. a& Alsace, Berks mustered in, when Pennsylvania was county, a few days ago demolished an threatened with invasion by Lee, on June histone bake oven that stood oq h js prem¬ 30, 18G3, for three months, and on July 1 ises. It had been built in Revolutionary was ordered to Hagerstown, Md., and was days, and there is a well-grounded tra¬ on its way there when the battle of Get¬ dition which says that part of the flour tysburg was fought. It was mustered out contributed to Washington’s starving of service on Aug. 13, 1863. The original army at Valley Forge by Robert Morris, officers were: Captain, John E. Arthur; the Philadelphia philanthropist, was first lieutenant, Francis R. Schmucker, baked into bread for the soldiers at that and second lieutenant, Darias G. Rhoads, . Young Jones, J. Evans Jones, Henry O. Jones, 'Jonathan Jones, Elijah F. Keever, | Michael Kegrize, Amos K. Kline, 'Theodore A. /S 6^, Lambert, 'Charles A. Leopold, 'William 8. Ma¬ deira, 'Levi Maltzberger, 'John A. Marquette, James P. Matthews, John McGee, Samuel C. Mayer, John Miltimore, Franklin D. Nagle, 'James Nichol¬ son, Benjamin F. Owen, George Rank, Johu H Rankin, 'George E. Rceser, William D. Reeser, Louis Richards, 'Charles A. Ringel, 'Henry Rorick, Charles H.JSchaeft'er, 'Isaac Schrader, 'John S. Schroeder, 'William Schroeder, Andrew Shaaber, “PAPER COLLAR REuIMENT” 'Edwin Skalter, 'Henry W. Shingle, Llewellyn Spokn, William H. Spang, Abner K. Stauffer, Jones O. Thomas, J. Warren TryoD, 'Julius Von Bon- The Title Conferred Upon Company C, 42d horst, George F. Wells, William M. Wells, Edward Wilkinson, Howard Witman, Charles H. Zieber, Regiment, P. V. Militia. George P. Zieber, 'Deceased. jt'

Of the 101 Original Members 67 are Still Living—Some of the Most Prominent Men in This City Among the Number— FullTtoster of the Company. igress and from then on 1760 he was engaged entirely in mai rifles and muskttsfor the Patriot and during that time three gunmai establinhmeus were started along Wyomissing on land sold to the owners by Mr. Pennypaeker. THE TItADE’8 GROWTH. In 1800 there were several large factories, for that time, scattered nl ng the stream, and factories were built in other porta of the couutry. the trade extending to all mum OF THE parts of the countiy. As laie as 1852 eleven of these factories were still in operation, hut about the year 1858 the WYOMISSING VALLEY. business began to decline, owing to the low-priced guns made by machinery crowding the hand-made article oui of the market. At that time William Penn. - I Darius the Revolution It Was an packer, a descendant of the original founder of the business, was still carrying on the Important Industry in Old Berks. original faoiory At the time of the breaking out of the war of the rebellion there were still a large number of men iu tbe W.vouiiseiDg Valley THE ORIGINAL MANUFACTURER. wbo were skilled in tbe forging of gun barrels, and nearly all of them were employed hy the Government id foundiies that were established elsewhere for the Daniel Pennypaeker Erects His Lit¬ manufacture of rifles and muskets for the army. Many of them are still so employed, tle Shop in 1772 Near the Head nut scarcely any since the war have been engaged in that business, which has now of the Stream in Cumru bees transferred elsewhere and is carrried on hy different methods. At the b'ehnader Township. factory, whieb is still in ope.a(ion, a great many "musket barrels were made for the Government during tbe war, and orders are received for several thousand at a time, Special Correspondence of The Pbess. keeping the factory working at its full Reading, Nov. 22.—There is a small capacity day and night for months at a itime. factory near this city on the Wyomissing i The gun barrels made along tbe Wyorais- Creek that is now the only survival of a sing were all forged by hand from a piece once flourishing industry that had its center of skelp iron which was welded a little at a time around a small cylinder of steel. in -this eounly. ant] was chiefly carried on {Afterward this was bored out on a lathe long the banks of the Wyorr.issing. The laud then straightened by hand. Tbe latter I gunmakers. of the Wyomissing were once operation required great skill, and only widely known throughout the country, but ; those who h.-.d served a long apprenticeship Sin the business were capahle of doing it jnow there is hot a single factory, that of with sufficient rapidity to make it profita¬ Franklin K.Schnader, and it is no longer ble. The unskilltul workman in attempting numbered among the important industries to straighten a barrel would produce two irregularities to where be straightened of this region. one. The history of this industry which once FAMED FOE MILES AROUND. flourished, not only along the Wyomissing, Franklin Scbnader. the pronrietor of the but in several other parts of the county, is surviving gun factory, who is a very old a very interesting one. It was founded in man, l as ro3ny interesting reminiscences the year 1772 by a young German gunmaker of tbe business which was so flourisbin named Daniel Pennypaeker. wbo came to 100 years ago. He says be had often bear Cumru Township in that year and, recog¬ tell of people going fifty to 100 miles to the nizing the an vantages of the water power of Wyomissing for guns and after they bad the Wyomissing, built a small gun shop near them they regarded them as amoug tbeir the bead of the stieam in which was erected most precious possessions. Many W'yomia- by him a rude trip-hammer for the forging sing guDS and rifles were carried by settlors of gun barrels Ha first worked alone, and pioneers to the West where they were making the guns complete. At that time used by buDters and employed in fighting the country around here abounded in bear, with Indians. In those days they received deer and wolves and all sorts of game and aliont $40 for a single barrel flint look it was highly neces‘ary to have one or more musket or rifle including bollet molds,flint guns in every family. It was soon known and everything belonging to the weapon. that Mr. Pennypaeker was supplying a There aic very few of them extant now good article at a price cheaper than those and those that still remain are treasured j brought froai abroad, and his trade conse- as precious relics. Iquently rapidly increased, so that he was In tbe old days when tbe gu» making obliged to employ assistants as the fame of industry was at its height,tbe people of tbe I the Pennypaeker gun spread. By 1776, at Wtomissing Valley were known every, the break ing out of the Revolutionary War, where araoDg the Pennsylvania Germans by be was employing five men. At that time the nick name "sebmutz dicb.” _ which he received a' large order from the Con-, signified smeary face, and was given to Another Decoration A3ded to Dr.l itiem on aceounto* the greo«y olotbes they wore on week days. Hoffman’s Tesnmonials of Mr. Schnsder says that Ibe business no j Foreign Appreciation. longer pays and that if he was not running a farm ip connection with his shnpheoould) not make a living. One rea>on he saysj why there is so little money in t e business ORDER OF THE ZAEHRINGEN is because guns are sent to Ameriea from: Belgium and other foreign countries at 3 lower prices than they can be produced here. If there were a higher tariff on guns Distinguished Career of a Young be thinks the industry would again re¬ Physician Connected with the vive; as it is, no money baa been made Smithsonian Institution. .time the vrar.

Dr. tY. J. Hoffman, the distinguished ethnologist of the Smithsonian Institution, has received another evidence of the high I Qt/ , appreciation in which he is held abroad and has added another decoration to those he is already entitled to wear. This latest ex¬ pression of admiration for his contributions I was sent to him by the Grand Duke of A Relic of the Revolution. Baden, and confers the title of knight of the A reporter of theiMp&NiNO Herald saw first class. It is the “Order of the Lion of some very interesting relics last night at Zaehringen.” , the office of Thomas B. O’BrieD, on Court It consists of a gold-enameled cross, the i street. Ho has a sword of ordinary size, spaces between green enameled arms being j with heavy brass handle, and a heavy filled with exquisite gold work of heavily leather scabbard. This sword was cap¬ chiseled ornamentation. tured by his great-great-grandfather, Jas. The center of the obverse of the medal O’Brien, in 1783. Capt. James O’Brien represents the ruins of the original Castle of captured the British man-of-war “Snow Zaehringen, while the reverse hears in a. Heberman” during the revolution, with all central disk of red enamel a golden lion on board, together with this sword from rampant. The decoration is suspended from the captain of that vessel This enraged a watered-green silk, ribbon with orange the British so much that they sent a war borders. vessel, the “Margeretta, ” with orders to Dr. Hoffman was born in Pennsylvania capture O’Brien, and return him to Eng¬ in 1816. He was educated at Freeland and j land, dead or alive. When this vessel Reading, and was graduated in medicine at j reached this country, Oapt. O’Brien, with Jefferson Medical College, Philadelphia, 'oe-1 his men, also captured her and all on fore he was twenty years old. He practiced his profession in Reading until the outbreak board. For these deeds John Hancock, of the Franco-Prussian war in 1870, when who was then the provincial president, pre¬ he received a commission as surgeon in the sented Capt. O'Brien with the mau-of=war 1 Prussian Army, and was detailed to the | “Heberman" as a prize, together with a Seventh Army Corps for duty. For dis¬ certificate of the gift, i'bis certificate is tinguished service during the war he re¬ signed by John Hancock, and is now in ceived from Emperor "William I the steel the possession of oue of Capt. James military medal of honor. Returning to O’Brien’s decendants, Thoe, B. O’Brien,of America he was appointed acting assistant l surgeon in the Army, and joined Wheeler’s this city. There were six brothers of the exploring expedition, where he also served O’Briens, all sea captains in the Revolu¬ as mineralogist and Naturalist. tionary war. A note is made on the cer¬ He was ordered to Grand River, Dak., in tificate that “the first blow struck on the 1872, and in the spring of 1878 was detailed sea for American independence was given to accompany the Yellowstone expedition by Jeremiah O’Brien," one of the six under Gen. Stanley, being specially detailed brothers named above. to the Seventh Cavalry, under Gen. Custer. Since 1877 Dr. Hoffman has been directly \ connected with the Smithsonian, and his services to science have been widely recog¬ nized by foreign nations. From, ^ Df > i | Among the decorations he has received are the Order of the Crown, from Germany Order of St. James, from Portugal; Order o: I Bolivar, from Venezuela; Nichau-Iftikhai A-...CBzfi; 1 (Order of Glory) from Tunis; Crown ol —/ f Steel, from Araucania; Order of Melusine from Prince Lusignan, the legitimate heii to the Crown of Jerusalem; the royal Lud Date j.'r/j i wig medal of merit, from Bavaria; the great gold medal for art and science, from Emperor Francis Joseph of Austria; th< Norwegian* gold medal of merit, with( crown, from King Oscar, and too many diplomas to enumerate. He is affiliated . with many American and foreign scientifid bodies, and has received a number of gold sj; medals from these organizations as well.! ,Dr. Ilothnari Is Avi(fe7y‘known and unT- prominently, and it had a good effect versally esteemed in Washington, and he is I anything hut the severe and wrinkled indi¬ the manners and habits of the people. vidual wliich a. scientist is popularly sup- , 'The perceptive faculties were more active j posed to he. He is a gentleman of particu¬ than the imaginative. Labor was king, larly pleasant address, full to overflowing not education. Labor was regarded as the with humor and a genial companion. foundation of everything, and education only as a means for facilitating its intelli- i gent direction. Everybody labored—men I and boys at farming and industrial pur¬ suits, women and girls in household af¬ fairs. It was labor that produced and | improved, and economy that multiplied results. Hence the county grew rapidly. 'There was little or no waste. Notions and practices of this kind prevailed in a gen¬ Date, Jfcoif.jfr,/3., eral way until about 1854. j Then a uniform system of education ' was established by the state government and this has prevailed since. It has been EDUCATION IN BERKS. encouraged by increasing annual appro- , priations for school purposes. The enor¬ Introductory Part of Lecture oil Conrad mous amount for the year 1893, ($6,000,- Weiser fay Morton L. Montgomery. 000), shows the people’s extraordinary For the past several years Morton L. spirit of liberality towards general educa¬ .Montgomery, esq., has lectured on the tion. In the interior districts the school buildings have not advanced much beyond life of Conrad Weiser in different sections * ! of the county, and in this way has re¬ the buildings of 1854, but those of the-' vived a general interest in this note¬ cities, even of some of the towns, show ar< worthy man. The repeated requests to remarkable growth in size and appearance. * hear him on this topic is evidence of his By comparison of general results, it will success as a lecturer and his efforts be found that the system of 1854 has in¬ towards popularizing this local represen¬ clined in this time more towards the or¬ tative character is worthy of encourage¬ namental than the useful. The scholars ment. The introductory part of the lec¬ are led to devote too much time and ture relates to the course of education in energy to information that they do not Berks county before and since 1854. use, and are not expected to use in the The general education of the people of ordinary associations of life; also to Berks county, says Mr. Montgomery, has matters and things that are too much dis¬ been going on continuously from the time posed to develop the imaginative faculties of the first settlement* until now. Start¬ rather than the perceptive. ing at a time when a considerable popu¬ ^EDUCATION AGAINST LABOR. lation was settled in all sections of the In this way the love of labor has comtf' county, say in 1752 when it was erected to lose its hold upon a large proportion of as a political organization in the state, the people, and consequently labor is no \ and extending over a period embracing a longer king. The spirit of education has century, the education of the people grown so much that it is of more con¬ through the instrumentality of schools sequence than the spirit of labor. Through was confined to the rudiments, that is, it the school children are getting to be the ordinary accomplishments which en¬ more and more inclined to settle in em- ts abled them to carry on industrial and ployments that are designed to produce social affairs in a successful manner. It or serve things for ornament rather than was rather of a practical nature, and use, and they are running more towards therefore more inclined to the useful than clerking, soliciting, negotiating and the ornamental. A common education kindred employments which require consisted of a general ability to read, earnest action of the mind rather than of write and cipher, and to talk iu the Eng¬ the body far beyond the natural and ( lish language reasonably well, and this | equitable demands of society. And the was regarded as sufficient for the ordi¬ sustenance of this increasing number nary demands of life. with their numerous magnified wants is In 1752 schools were scattered in all the obtained at the expense t-d^the-^fibysical sections of the county. There were sev¬ exertions of a large propWtmn^vThis has eral in a township, and the scholars been stimulated to such a degree that it farthest distant were about five miles off. has become burdensome in a very appreci¬ There was no taxation for school purposes. able manner. Each scholar paid two or more cents a A growing inequality in various ways is day, according to studies, and the teacher more and more apparent, especially in re¬ earned about a dollar a day. The build¬ spect to property, money and income, and ings were ordinary structures, built mostly the influences which they exert; and as of stone or log. The money expended was this inequality grows on the one harid, ex¬ made to reach as far as possible. The travagance manifests itself on the other, education obtained was necessarily of a j indeed, to such an extent that it is com¬ simple nature, so as to be easily acquired. monly regarded as necessary to social ex¬ Everything connected with it was expres¬ istence. A prominent desire, flowing from sive of economy. This idea stood out very this inequality, is to profit by the labor of ‘ilers without mental or “physical exer¬ that she has misdirected < tions; and though this is admittedly a generosity and misled many of us away great disadvantage against the industrious frem the stations for which we were element of any community it is justified adapted by nature and associations. and encouraged without the slightest com-; Through her a great many persons have punction. A desire growing entirely too drifted into unproductiveness, idleness, or common is to fill an office, exercise muj restlessness to such a degree that it nicipal power and dispose of public funds, behooves us to stop and see if we cannot all of which lead the mind and conscience find what steps must be taken to restore away from a just conception of industry useful industry and produce general con¬ and from the real value of money. And tentment. Investigation and reflection another injurious desire,not only in Berks will lead us to conclude that labor must county but elsewhere, is the migration of be substituted as master in the place of many industrious people from country dis-i education as mistress. In this way only tricts to populous places where equality, can we come to adopt and hold on to the comfort and contentment are not half of useful and practical, and to transmit ou what they formerly enjoyed. Decrease of individuality to future generations. population in townships and increase of it in the cities is a bad indication for the f general welfare. Evidently some evil in¬ fluence is at work that produces such a Fi'om, result in social affairs. TENDENCY MUST BE CHANGED. This general tendency must be changed. It must be guided into the channel that was occupied naturally before 1854. Labor must be restored to its position as the j recognized king. The practical must be ! Date, • y-i':/ •£ V. studied and encouraged in preference to the ornamental; and the development of the perceptive faculties must receive a CENTENNlAlMlHURCHES. larger share of consideration than the imaginative. Each one of us sbould be EDIFICES I1V BERKS WHICH ARB NOW so taught as to obtain a proper idea of BEING REPAIRED. industry and to feel the absolute necessity A Sinking Spring Church Which Is Nearing of contributing his share of useful labor (be lOO-Year Mark. in the production of things of real,'not The cornerstone of Zion’s Lutheran speculative value. And industrial affairs and Reformed church at Womelsdorf was should be so conducted, or rather they laid June 30, 1792. The buildiDg was should be permitted to so regulate them¬ completed some years afterwards. In selves without legislation or other inter-; reference to the erection of this church, an act was passed February 1, 1805, and »prence that the small communities shall .Nicholas Eckert, Henry Hirsh, Geo. Ege, have equal opportunities with populous jr., Conrad Stoucii, John Keiser, John -cities in the race of progress. The ques- Weisser and Daniel Graefl: were ap¬ tionf may well be asked: Can this be l pointed commissioners “to raise $1,500 by accomplished? If so, how is it to be lottery to be applied in defraying ex¬ done ? penses of erecting Zion church and two CO-OPERATION. school houses at Womelsdorf.” Originally I would answer through our schools by the building had a floor of brick. In teaching branches of knowledge that can 1867 it was re-built. Among the be utilized by the scholars when they come persons interred in the adjoining grave¬ to act for themselves and that will fitthem yard, is Kev. Wm. Hendel, who died in 1846, aged 78, after having been the De¬ for the stations which they may be ex¬ formed pastor 50 years. This edifice is pected to occupy; through a proper con¬ now being remodeled on an extensiva ception of the importance of labor and of j scale, and preparations are being made to local rights, and a uniform desire to co¬ observe its centennial. operate in tlie several affairs of life; and St. John’s church (Lutheran and Re¬ also through lecturing on the character of formed), is a plain, old-fashioned stone men and women who have be1S^useful,j edifice, a short distance below Gibraltar.. just and honorable to the communT|jes in The ground on which it stands, including which they lived. In this behalf F^vel about half of the present graveyard, was selected Conrad Weiser as a proper sub¬ sold by Elias Retge (Redcay) to Valen¬ tine Geiger and Herman Jmstead for the ject for our consideration. By studying use of such Christian congregations his career we will find for our guidance as should contribute to the main¬ the useful things of life rather than tliej tenance of the graveyard and the church ornamental. The former constitute the to be erected thereon. The deed for this basis of general association and incline! land was dated April 29, 1791, and states us to co-operate with one another in in¬ that this place has been used for divers dividual and social affairs; but the latter, years past by the above-named \ alentiue create a spirit of rivalry and incline us to Geiger, Herman Umstead and other in¬ strike out for ourselves regardless of con¬ habitants of Robeson township and parts adjacent. The present edifice was aot built sequences to others. uutil 18 years thereafter, or 1809. The Ornamental education has been to us charter of incorporation granted on April for some years a proud and presumptuous! 9, 1851, vests the ownership of the prop¬ mistress, but we have come to find at last) erty entirely in the Lutheran and Re Iormed congregations. Contractor Mohr 3 now changing this edifice to a modern tyle church. i It Is in the Private Collection of St. John’s Lutheran and Reformed a Y/ell-Known Reading thurch at Sinking Spring is another edi- Ice which is nearing its centennial anni¬ Lawyer, versary. It stands on a tract of land of acres, devised to the society by Chris¬ tian Ruth, Oct. 30,1793. The corner-stone was laid May 3, 1791. It was a plain Somo Other Bibliomaniacs’ Prizes Which brick building, 48x56 feet, 3 stories high and without a steeple. It was ded¬ Keep It Company. icated as the Evangelical Presbyterian Reformed church, but in 1813 the Luther- ius obtained a common inteiest. Later An Interesting File of the “ Pennsyl¬ the edifice received many improvements, vania Packet” for 1788—Books including a tower 151 feet high. The .North Kill Lutheran and Reformed Which Date Back to the Time church, at Bernville, is another 100-year- When the United. States Were old edifice which celebrated its anniver¬ Young—Curious Indian Relics and sary several years ago. it is essentially the same as when put up, some few modi¬ Histoi’ical Reminders. fications Having been made in the inside of the building. HAT is believed to be the oldest, printed book in existence in From, America is in the private collection of Samuel L. Young, a i well-known and old- { time lawyer of Read- , ing. The precious volume hears the i date ot 1473, nine¬ teen years previous to the discovery of America, and only seventeen years after the first printed Heath ef an nldlVnr Horse, book known in history had been struck rf Hambiteq: The olg/War horse belong¬ off in the city of Mayence, Germany; so ing to John Sunday, of South Main st., that this book is not only probably the died, after having attained the remarka¬ oldest in America, but Is undoubtedly .< ble age of nearly 38 years. “Billy” was one of the first products of the art of i- purchased by Mr. Sunday at the close of printing. ' v the war, at which time he was sick and The work is in Latin, and its title in worn out and not expected to re¬ full is as lollows: cover, having served during the en¬ “Incipit summula coniessionis utilis- ..q 4 tire rebellion. After careful treatment sima in qua agitur quomodus se ha- f- the horse fully recovered his old-time bere debeat confessor ergo peni- spirit and has been in excellent health tentum in confession! bus audiendis during the 37 years in which he was the quain editit reverendissimus vir ae j property of Mr. Sunday. Three hundred in Christo Pater. D. Frater | dollars were- tendered for only the use of Antoninus Arcbiepiscopus Florentinus the horse for exhibition at the World’s ordinis fratruin predicatoruin.” The p (fair, but the owner would not part with date is placed at the end in this wayK 1 him. “Billy” was a dark bay, but lately “MCCCCLXXIII. Nicholas Truno \ jhis head was much sprinkled with gray. Duco 'Venetiarun. regnante impressum J The animal participated in the celebration fuit hoc opus loeliciter.” pi Memorial day during the past 10 or 13 The book is in an excellent state of years and was always a most cor preservation and the type is as clear aud ligurn^i"7. beautiful as that of many of the high class typographical productions of to¬ day. Jt is a confessional for use in the Roman Church, and its authorship is at¬ tributed to Saint Antoninus, the iamous old Bishopol Florence. One interesting feature ot this copy common in those days is that all the initial letters through¬ out the booh are illuminated in red, this work being done by hand, probably by some patient old monk in his quiet cell, g. and the color is as fresh and bright to--9, day as it was in the days it was laid on, ed when Christopher Columbus was still ai., young man and the continent ot of America undreamed of. The volume is-n- probably very valuable, but it wasa(j picked up lor a mere song by Mr. q. Young more than thirty years ago at aae|t old book stand on Sansom street, in thishe city. on A NOTABLE COLLECTION. j.- 'g Mr. Young lias spent half a cent In gathering together old noons ana EARLY PHILADELPHIAl WORKS relics, and his collection is, without a The collection embraces some hooks doubt, one of the most valuable, as it is which are of special local interest, as the most interesting, in the State out¬ having been published in Philadelphia side of Philadelphia- Among the other! in the last century or early in the pres¬ works particularly notable lor their! ent one, and which are now rarely to be antiquity are some books brought irom met with outside of a few private collec¬ Germany by Mr. Young’s grandlather, tions. One of tlie rarest and most valu¬ who emigrated to the United States in able of these, although ny no means the oldest, is a set of “Waldie’s Select Circu¬ lating Library,” in fourteen volumes, published by Adam Waldie in 1S34, a' work which was a familiar household word among Philadelphians of the last | generation. Another rare work is “The Colonial; History of the United States,” by John ! Grahame, published in Philadelphia in 1846. An earljr local publication, which: unfortunately bears no date, however,' 1785. These include “Der Wahre Weg is the “Travels in the South,” by WTil-| Zum Christenthum,” or “True Road to liain Bartram, which is dedicated to Christianity,” printed in Luneberg “Thomas Mifflin, President of Pennsyl¬ in 1636; a treatise on arithmetic vania.” in the German language, printed at lA book that is highly regarded by Hamburg in 1686, intended especially bibliopholes is “The Constitution of tor merchants, with curious examples of Government,” by John Adams, treating ixehange in vogue between different; of all Known republics, and published! 30untries in the seventeenth century; by Buad & Bartram, Philadelphia, 1787.! the "poems of John Christian Guenther, Then there is “The Countryman’s Law¬ orinted at Leipsig in 1742. Another in-j yer,” a German work consisting of ex-! teresting old volume and one which is "tracts irom the laws of Pennsylvania familiar, by title at least, to every law¬ and of England, published by Heinrich yer, is a well-preserved copy of West’s Miller, in Second street, Philadelphia, “Svin holography,” bearing date of Lon¬ in 1761. Another German publication is! don, 1682, the year that William Penn “A History ot the Martyrdom of Earlyj established tfie colony of Pennsylvania. Christians,” printed and sold by An-| It contains all the legal forms in use at thony Arinhruster. Third street, Phila-j that time, printed in both English and delphia, in 1753. Latin, the iormer in old black-letter A very rare and interesting work is a! type and the latter in Roman characters. “Journal of the Lewis and Clarke Expe-; Still another rare legal relic is a copy of dition”tothe Columbia River, written| Brooks’ “Abridgment,” dated ‘i576, by Patrick Gass, a member of the expe¬ printed in the quaint old Norman dition, and printed by Zadok Cramer, j French language, in a beautiful, clear in Pittsburg, in 1807. 4, black-letter type. A rare historical document is Thomas BELONGED TO GENERAL MUHLENBERG. Jefferson’s “Notes on the State of] -r Probably one of the most curious and Virginia,” originally prepared by the! interesting of the books in Mr. Young’s great statesman as an article for the collection, so far, at least, as The French Academy’s encyclopaedia, and: actual contents are concerned, is afterwards expanded and published byj “Gespraeche in dem Reiche der W. Pichin, in Baltimore, in 1800. Like-! Tod ten,” or “Conversations in the wise of interest to American historians! Kindgom of the Dead,” printed at are the “Letters of Pacificus and Helvit-1 Leipsig, in seven volumes, bound in icus,” written by Alexander Hamilton old yellow parchment, the first volume and James Madison when war was im-! dated 1723 and the last 1740. Each vol¬ iriinent between France and England in ume has inside the cover the autograph 1793, and published at Washington in of General Peter Muhlenberg, of Revo¬ 1845. lutionary tame. Mr. Young secured A NEWSPAPER RELIC. these volumes at the executors’ sale ot The gem oi Mr. Young’s, collection the property of Dr. Isaac Heisier, of from the point of view of local interest, Reading, who was a son-in-law of Gen¬ is a bound file of the “Pennsylvania; eral Muhlenberg. The volumes con¬ Packet and Daily Advertiser” lor thel sist of a number of quaint and curious year 1788. It consisted of iour pvg ., talks supposed to be carried on between about tlie size of half a page of The! the spirits of departed kings, philoso¬ Inquirer, with four coluinus to the! phers and other worthies', both ancient page, and was sold at four pence or .i and modern, and it seems quite likely eight cents per copy. A line of type atf; h that this old book exerted someinfluence tlie bottom'of tlie last page gives the| t) upon the production of Landor’s fa¬ information that the paper was “Printed;! mous “Imaginary Conversations,” and sold by John Dunlap and David G.H which is based upon the same general Claypoole on the south side of Market; 5 plan and idea. street, the third house east of Second! uj street.” Judging from this latter very d] A rare publication is “The Antiquity of Nations,” translated from the French definite direction it is to be presumed! c. that the houses along Market street st of M. Pezron, in London, 1706. Still an¬ other is “The Penal Code of the Chi-! were not numbered at that period. S( nese,” translated from the original by The paper for July 10, 1788, devotes Sir George Thomas Staunton, and pub¬ Dearly three out of its four pages to a fb lished in London in 1810, with the title long and elaborate report of the Fourth misL'n-e in Chinese. of July celebration held m the city the preceding we' meeting and grand procession were held, the occasion being rendered ot' unusual importance by the tact that the Constitution of the United I From, States had then been ratified by ten ’'States. The oration, which was deliv¬ ered by James Wilson, Esq., is reported in full. The parade consisted ot the | . different professions and trades, repre¬ sented by persons whose names are given, and also military organizations, with the loreign consuls, among whom f Date, ' /Z.. V f were Barbe Marbais, of France. The account winds up with the announce¬ ment that it is published “by order of IX A STIEGEL, RELIC. Francis Hopkinson, chairman of the Committee of Arrangements.” A Stove Plate Bearing the Found. Name The advertisements of the paper re¬ to be Presented to the Manheim%a Mu veal many interesting points regarding About five years ago a large iron stove file in this city while General Washing¬ ton was still President of the United plate, used in antique fire places, was States. There is an announcement of junearthed in the yard in the rear of Sol. “The Opera House, Southwark,” with a Weil’s clothing house, 521 Penn street. triple bill, made up of three comedies The plate is three feet square and the 4r unknown to latter-day play-goers. Rob- face of it bears the inscription, “H. s beries are advertised in lull, with lists of Wilhelm Stiegel, Compagni for Elizabeth, . all the stolen property, and “ads” of 1758.” It was made by Baron Stiegel, jjthis character are so Irequentas to afford the founder of the borough of Manheim, I ia poor commentary upon the police ar- who was a large iron manufacturer, and 'i|rangenrie«ls of those days. One inter¬ esting advertisement reads as follows: presented to his granddaughter, Mrs. c Elizabeth Old, who resided at the corner e To Be Sold—A negro man about 30 years jOf age, registered agreeble to law; has of Fifth and Court streets, on the^ite of served as a house servant and to attend the Reading Trust Company and Hoff & ( horses. Enquire of ileede & Korde. Millholland bank buildings, and whose A STAUNCH PATRIOT. garden extended hack to Sixth street. Hanging in the upper hall-way of Mr. The plate weighs about seventy-five Young’s residence in Reading is a lull- pounds and is adorned with the crest and jlength portrait of Daniel Udree, who coat of arms of the baron. After it had . : was a famous iron master in been unearthed it was obtained by Dr. J jBerks county in pre-Revolution- I j ary times, was twice a member J. C. Sanderson, a direct descendant of lot the Continental Congress, and was the baron, in whose possession it has e ia General Washington’s army, having 'been ever since and who will to day pre- '* been engaged in the Battle of Brandy¬ sent it to the Baron Stiegel museum con- wine, where he had a horse shot under nected with Zion’s Lutheran church at him. In Mr. Young’s library is a rare Manheim, the ground upon which the j book treating of the evolutions of the church is built having been presented to *r( | Prussian army, illustrated with plates, the congregation by the baron. f and upon one of the plates is the in¬ scription in Udree’s handwriting, “Dam Baron Henry William Stiegel came to lithe Tories.” This hook probably had! America from Manheim, Germany, in/ ^“considerable inliuence upon Udree’s I 1750. In the year 1762 he founded and • work in the training and drilling of . laid out the town of Manheim, Lancaster) [ -troops in the Continental army, as the county, in which town he built the first (ftPrussian evolutions were, at that time, successful glass factory in America. The 'considered the finest in the world. walls of his residence, built of imported Among .the many interesting relics i brick, now support one of Manheim’s in Mr. Young’s possession is a letter largest business houses, while his office written by General Santa Anna from P |Mexico, in 1S40, which document was still stands intact. He was one of the captured by William A. Diehl, of Read¬ pioneer iron masters of America and ing, who was in the Mexican war with manufactured stoves at Elizabeth fur- a the Second Pennsylvania Regiment, k nace, Lancaster county. Owning as he Another interesting relic is a collection did, the land comprised in the borough of 8 of old-time portraits of the Indians who Manheim, he deeded a lot to the Lutheran visited Washington in 1837. There are congregation in consideration of the a number of Indian implements, in- payment of one red rose yearly forever k I eluding two pipes, one in the form of an iron hatchet, which was found in Berks on the first day of June, whenever the io county. Mr. Young also has one of the same shall be lawfully demanded. The m largest stone hatchets ever found, which red rose was only twice demanded and S- was turned up near Douglassville, Berks twice paid. This noble-hearted German, ‘s> jcouuty, and which weighs several who founded a beautiful town in theeo ipounds. wilderness, and who, in advance of his*'j ■■HT" —--- time, sowed the seeds of the magnificent,”. glass industry on American soil, failed n(j in the panic of 1774, died poor, and.q. sleeps in an unknown grave, unmarkedeii perhaps by even one red rose. The he museum in which the plate will be on placed contains nothing but relics of the s baron, which are carefully treasured. 62

William Lc post office was founded From, across the street i . Both the post office and the tavern which is now a wellrkept hotel, occupj large, weil-made stone buildings. O: . course, the Lobachs were considered rich and were influential. They were at tht head of everything that happened in tin ■ Bate, J / ffcl. town, for they literally owned the town But a strange fate cane upon the dis tinguished house of Lobach. Like ai ancient tree it began to decay. It ceasec WILL SELL A WHOLE TOWS, to increase, and lionce soon began t< diminish. The little principality was belt intact, however, and all the property wa: Lobachsvillf, Berks County, Will Enjoy continually coming into a fewer number o: This Remarkable Distinction. hands. THE LAST LOBACH DIES. The last male member of the family IT IS THE HOME OF 200 PEOPLE. S. David Lobach, died six years ago. Hi was survived by two sisters, Anna Lobacl and Mrs. Sarah Wily. They both expirei Lands, Houses, Hotels, Post GlUce, Facto¬ last spring. Each was about 70 years old ries, Everything to be Hisposed of at the Neither is survived by any chiidern. Sev eral distant relations, bearing names otlie Auction Block—History of a Little than Lobach, reside in Beading. Seth A Principality in the Hills of Berks. Brown is administrator of Anna Lobach who made no will. He is also executor o A whole town for sale, lands, houses, tlie Sarali Wily estate. hotels, post office, factories, everything to Brown, through his attorneys, Busser r he disposed of at the auction block! That Schaeffer, offers the whole town for sale is the remarkable distinction now enjoyed1 by Lobachsville, a town of 200 inhabitants, that nestles among the hills of Berks county, twelve miles from Beading. The test member of the Lobach family, which ha3 owned the place for 150 years, has i died, and to settle the estate the wide domains will be sold next Saturday. In 1715 Peter Lobacii purchased forty- nine acres of land where, is now the thrifty, town that bears his name. This tract was bought from William Pott, and a woolen mill was built by the creek that flows ANCIENT BURIAL GROUND. down the valley. This, pioneer was sue ceededby his sons, William and Samuel, History of an Interesting Place—Fasten Berks Mews. who not only did a paying business with Boykrtown : The intejriH$nt of the re the woolen miii, but projected a saw mill mains of Mrs. Sarahti'Yjp^gey, widow o: and a chair factory. These industries at¬ George Yorgey, in FUfz’s burial ground tracted settlers to that fertile valley, and Upper Pottsgrove township, a short dis soon along both sides of the highway tance south-west of Burdan’s blacksmitl houses sprung up. These residences were shop, was probably the last intermen all built by the Lobachs. That family had that will take place at that place, as all those who had an interest in it have gone purchased hundreds of acres of land in to their last resting place. This family that neighborhood. The homes were graveyard must be considerably over IOC rented to tenants who were employed in years old, for a deed is in the possession the Lobach mills. Stores were founded, of George K, Yorgey, of Morysviile, for i blacksmith shops, wagon works, and other road leading to the burial ground, dateC industries were multiplied as the years Dec. 17, 1790. The land was originally set apart for a graveyard by Jacob Barand went by and as the good wives of the (probably Barndt). The farms where the sturdy Lobachs did their duty in strictly graveyard is located were afterwards L oi obeying a certain Scriptural mandate. owned by Peter and Barnard iiornetter, s' ot THE LOBACII PRINCIPALITY. who by their indention bearing date March S' n< The family of Lobach grew and pros¬ 11, 1802, conveyed two contiguous tracts! Si of laud, containing 85% perches of laivj pered, and their town grew and prospered fo. Us to Martin Fritz, Christian Yerge, Jotj with them. In 1835 a post office was estab¬ mist. Nagle and Valentine Fisher, the consij lished in Samuel Lobaclrs store. Samuel eration being six pence, for the use was postmaster for years, and the mail was the Lutheran and Calvinists for a burl I carried there then, as it is now, by stagey ground or place to inter their dead. T | road leading to the rrarerard was deed

/ - m- by John — - r.eely ienry Yorgoy, "Her heart, her hands, her cottage door. er., J acob Keely. er.. Peter Bruner Wel-e open to the rich and poor. and John .Nagle, Dec. 17, 1790, Her faith confirmed, her will resigned, s-.o sweetly calm, so pure her mind. the consideration being 6 pence. Quite a The God of mercy from His throne number of aged people lie buried in this Look'd down and claimed her as His own.1 burial ground. For instance Valentine In 1844 I. Daniel Rupp published in his Iviele, born July 16th, 1716, died in 1784 “History of Bents county” a beautiful (109 years ago); Barnard Fegley died at German poem respecting Maria, com¬ the age of 87: Samuel Reilsnyder, 88 posed by “A gentleman of Oley.” In years, l month and 8 days; Maria Ann 1880 the late L. A Wollen weber published Keifsnyder, 79 years, 7 months and 24 in a small volume an interesting romance days; John Christian Yorgcy died in 1834, about the recluse and Theodore Benz, a (aged 70 years; Magdalena Yorgey was 84 young man who came to America on the , years of age when she died; Peter Horn- same ship with her, loved and married etter, 70 years; Jacob Heppenheimer, her, entered the Revolutionary army, was aged 92 years; Elizabeth Heppenheimer, wounded and captured by the British and ;aged 71 years; Christian Komich, aged 78 wa* never heard from thereafter, and she years; Catharine Komich, aged 77 years, then led the life of a recluse. | and others equally as old. Maria was born in the village of Feuer¬ Many of the oldest interred have no bach, near Stuttgart, Germany, in 1749, tombstones at all. On some sandstone and was the daughter of Jacob and Maria which mark the place of the dead the let¬ YAung. There were 3 children, Jacob, tering is almost obliterated by the hand John and Maria. The parents were very of time. The burial ground is in a great pious people and gave the children care¬ state of neglect, as is usually the case ful religious instruction. The father was with the old family burial grounds so a farmer, and his tract included a vine- -v common throughout this section of Penn’a 'yard. Owing to high taxes and poor 100 years ago. p !crops and the danger of gradually losing his entire estate, he sold out. and with hi9 family sailed from Amsterdam for ^hila. to seek a home in America. The From, ship was overcrowded with passengers, I and infectious diseases broke out among them, there was indescribable distress . and many of the passengers died, among whom were the parents and their 2 sons, leaving only Maria as the surviving mem¬ ber of the family. Date Maria, alone among strangers, and go¬ ing to a strange country, was entirely disheartened and wept day and night. Her only solace was in prayer. While Y “DIE BERGJjA,RIA.” silting on the deck weeping a well- dressed young man accosted her and en- / A WOMAN WHO LTTEB AS A RECLUSE deavored to comfort her. His name wf IN PIKE TOWNSHIP FOR SO YEARS. Theodore Benz, the son of a farmer livin^A jia'Lahr, Baden, and he was on his way to4® Parents o^d Her Brother Died Daring America to seek his fortune. He was ?' ~ iho Vctyatfe to AtnericR. pay for iiis passage by being hired out work for farmers in this country, -There lived alone in a small log cabin Maria and Theodore fell in love wit i away upon -Witt tain side near Jhn each other and were loth to part upon summit, in-Pike; ooTisa county, a woman their arrival at Phila. Having the money who became widely fcntJwi by the name that had belonged to her parents, she of * ‘J >ie Berg Maria”—The Mountain paid his passage, 150 florins. Mai ia. Bhc was a recluse there during a Rev. Henry Melchior Muhlenberg period of 30 years—from 1789 until her boarded the vessel upon its arrival at Fhila. death, in 1819—but was visited by to look alter the iminigiants, and di¬ strangers from every direction, some com¬ rected a man to take the young people— ing several hundred miles, who never failed Theodore and Maria—to the Golden 8wan to depart without the highest opinion of hotel, on Race street, kept by a widow, her meekness, pietv and benevolence. She Mrs. Kreuderin, where Maria helped in prepared front ) e bs gathered in the the kitchen and dining room until she be¬ woods remedies wnich were regarded as came a domestic in Rev. Muhlenberg's specifics lor different ailments. She was family. referred to in romance and in poetry, in Frederick Leinbach, a farmer of Oley, newspapers and histories. Jan. 1, 1820. a 'from whom Mrs. Kreuderin purchased Heading newspaper published the fol- [lowing inscription copied from the tomb¬ butter and eggs and other produce, took Theodore along to his home in Berks, the stone placed over the grave of “Die Berg young man agreeing to work on his farm Mane” by a “lady of Phila.,” who had often visited her; for a certain sum and board and clothing. After working faithfully about 2 years, -Her? underneath this mountain stone Lies Maria Young, who lived alone, (during which he occasionally visited .High on the lofty mountain side, Maria at the Muhlenberg home, in Fhila., Beiov’d and honor'd till she died; Frederick Leinbach presented a tract of Lov’d and honor’d by the few. Who give to virtue, virtue’s due. 1175 acres near Motz’s mill, in Pike town¬ ship, to Theodore as a birthday gift, and "Stranger, she that’s buried here, Was humble, pious and sincere; arrangements were made for the wed¬ The even tenor of her days. ding of the young people and theii She pass’d In grateful pray’r and praise; settlement on the tract. In the Her heart was like the gentle dove That came from heaven with promis’d love. meantime, however, the revolution Ufa ' ” ' Y s'v occurred, and through the influence of is -it

'■ I •i- '-i . 6i

TJjeodore ouanu othcrsJ ers company in Reading' Jo,sei>l1 Hiest- Uirouxh I’liii*. oa *L lD l)asaing *° JOiu other volunteers of lsland ?rtny. Theod..rt! and Mnr^if H ^ngton’s jn at. M.chael's church bL u?n “larri«d berg, ai'tei ■which a reccuT; ^e,r' Muhion* the Golden Bwnn hoie,P hn *as held at $s/ He in New ,/ersev S,,^ a bat' a number of the memh»!' *lIC?ter and n . Pany. including ih?, ?n ol his c°m- vrounded. were%,," $>re- ."*? was Date- -Xi&Ld&J&fl /T\ oned, and he was ncv*>r h« *4n(J lmPris- that. It was supposed t fr“m after wounds in Sait, med from his Mrs Muhlenberg and^Mrs ‘r dea,lh of BERKS IN^THE REVOLUTION. Maria went to hyC in 11,« S' ,Ivreuderin, ench Leinbach oiet eta?"lyof ^ed- HISTORIAN MONTGOMERY'S REPLY Gained several veafj ' he r,° sho re- request, a smalTetti un"l» at her TO AN “EX-EDITOR” OF PHILA. ! bum OB the miunta® ‘Tse was' land presented to Tn S1C!e 0a tbe The Claims Made In the Reading “Times” there she lived as a reelingh£odore’ and| until her death V„? *°'Q3<> f^,r Not Only Reasonable, but Justified by chestnut trees over'hadnlLh 1&15 -Large Statements in MSS. Submitted by Hey. Muhlenbcr-had nr» ^ ,tbe cabin. Mr.jjfAfontgouiery. a copy of "Every m A wT ??.aer,Z'nh ciaD/' and she gathered berh« UBj ^bysi- tnedicine according to the a?d mada Reading Times:—In tli book. To the poor she aS in t,,el Philadelphia Inquirer of December 24tl medicines free. always gave the] «iornrd1C“Aapp?.ared 011 the editorial page mgned An Ex-Editor,” in which h« made an extended mention of my pro¬ posed work on “Berks County in th< i l From> . Revolution,” basing his remarks and criticisms on a notice of the work which you kindly made in your paper of De¬ ^ l C$^/i cember 16th. ^ ,,1 alRPre£if.te tbe kindness and favor of the Ex-Editor” in devoting so much Bate, C$6 ime and space to Berks county in the Revolution, and if I had the time to an¬ swer h.s criticisms and incredulity at , A tfan^Toid length, I would be pleased to do so. hearing that his remarks may have led An °;d aEd chestunt tree on the '% hist™° • the readers of the Inquirer (many of tm of John Bechtel, at Gablesville, Berks whom, not only in Philadelphia.bat also - ^.°UUty’ 71s blown dpt^n by a recent wind in Reading and elsewhere, aregreatlyin- inches in^ trefe,measared 26 feet and 9 terested in Berks county) to agree with him that my claims for I the number of men, captains and colonels in the Revolution from Perks county are “preposterous,” I S/'fcf, ,r“ »!»»«> w.8 c.m„Ld bJ would ask yon to permit me to make a i „ 6 Indians, and beie they raised their rep.y thereto; and believing that he is a I S’lfft The oldest people in man with a spirit inclined to be fair and that ce^hborbood still recalled when they just, and a purpose to get at the truth as as near as it is possible to do so at a time i wbeft’?! r fhT they remembered need -U.n d!a?S Hved «™»nd there. IV so lar removed from the Revolution l| will endeavor to satisfy him that the toous chief wh6k W&f "ame<1 al,er the la mous chief who wan LarEd there. claims made in the Times were not onlviij reasonable but j ustided by statements j in my manuscript which you examined. j| MEN IN SERVICE ESTIMATED. By referring to tne Tiijes it will ap- 1 pear that the statement as tq the nqin-J her of men supplied by Berks county fqr ! ,b® Revolution was nqt sq broad as the I JilX-li,alto^,, states it to have been. The!- r 7ZbeTrZa8 simPly estimated at near f o,uJO. Ihis may seem preposterous, not 11 only to him and to readers of the In- flj quirer, but also to most of your readers. Not to take up too much space in reply,! j I will mention how the reporter of the' T-MES came to get at the estimated fig¬ ures. jtia/efqund fchq rqlla of tweaty-sp >anies whicfi were in tbeRevolq-' I I found three companies which per- from Berks county, not necessarily I formed guard duty. Their names foot ,y battles, and the aggregate num- up 92. But it is absurd to think that f names counts up 1,253. In only two Berks county supplied only three com- nces do the names in each company panies (respectively 17, 39 and 36 men) , :d the number required (83) but in from 1776 to 1783. At times there were he others they are less, and in most over 1,000 prisoners at Reading. The them much less. Now, in order to men detailed for this service must have ;it the probable number of men who been numerous for-short terms, but I i'i in the service (Ido not mean mili- cannot estimate how many they might ; service or service as assopiatqrs,) I have been altogether. Doubtless they ■ li>t be held to the number that ap~ were selected from the county bat¬ (| in the company rolls as published. talions of militia. *e a right to presume that the com¬ The “Ex-Editor” states that if Berks es were regularly organized with county had supplied even 1,000 men for required number, excepting in some the Revolution she would have done ances. Reckoning the number in nobly. In my opinion, she would not . way, it can be stated with reason- have done her duty at all in the strug¬ > certainty that the men in these gle. The men mentioned must not be , oan’es really footed up about 2,000. taken as all living beep in tfle service I. e battalion of Col. Henry Hafler was at one time for a year, much less three le “Flying Camp’.' at Dong fsland. years, or five years. In some cases the re ascertained the names of the six term of service extended for a year and ains, but not the company rolls, beyond, but in most cases it.was short, battalions of Col. Daniel Hunter thirty,sixty or ninety days, for a special Col. Daniel TJdree were at ^est purpose. But the service counts, whether ster and in the Rattle of Rrandy wine: long or short, whether in the county of though tfie najqes of the captains Berks or out of it, and whether in battle not given in connection with the or guarding prisoners of war. dished record, I am able to state who Looking at the figures, as I have staled y were by consulting the Militia Re- them, there can be no question that '•s. Col, Mark Bird equipped his Berks county supplied a large number of alion and marched it to New Jersey; nen though J cpn not state with cer¬ the battalion of Col. Joseph Hiester tainty how many. But reasoning as 1 t also in New Jersey. lo, with such facts and figures before ne, and making an allowance for com- CAPTAINS. lanies not full, and men enlisted in the irranging these captains according to ounty who were C. may have been a time of enlistment, they arerea^ an fol- ion-resident, I can certainly say that ws: Jerks county supplied many more than r775— Nagel and Jones. 177 men. ,000 men in the Revolution. ;I776—Scull, Spohn, Dicker, Christ, Graul, Hipster, Maurer, Ludwig, Old, Douglass; SERVICE EXPLAINED. Weiser, Lesher, Wolf, Miller, Fufrer, To give you an idea how the service was Suder, Withington, and Dewees, esti- |“| mated 1,498 mefi. endered in one case, let me state that 1777 —Wifi, Diehl, Spheper, Moser, YonT . Heer, Tohn Sodpr, of Bern township, was in Bower and Mears,e> timated 515 men, aqd he service as a captain four several times the hattahons of Hunter,Udree a d PJies- /’ ter estimated each 500 men; total 3,015. —August, 1776, May, 1777, and October, L779, in the Third Pennsylvania line, By the militia returns the men in a jach enlistment for two months; and in .ttalion exceeded 600, even 700. The July, 1781, in Geizer’s Pennsylvania ital number of men enrolled in six bat- regiment for two months. For the ’ lions of county militia in 1778 was “Sons of the Revolution,” to entitle a |058. Lineal descendant tq. become a member i ! Besides these mentioned, I have found jridence of the following men, and, by of the association, of course, Ciptaiu ie dates, I am led to say that they are Soder would count only as one man; liferent enlistments : but as to captains from Berks county ir> lug., 1776—Col Mark Bird (.Not included the Revolution, he counts as four, just as in above estimate.)..:.. 300 if the names were Soder, Brown, Smith i ‘jfet., 1776—Defence of Penna ...... 500, and Black. Hawe»»r, I have only fily, 1777—First class of militia to Ches¬ ter....h counted him as one in my statement of Ijlov., I777—Col. Henry Sf,yker.. . 400 captains. Doubtless he commanded men ' an , 177$ -Oapt. Bdw. Scull....,,,,...!...,,,... 150 from Berks county, rather than from I Mar., 1778—Guard duty.. •Mi 'iT.ug., 1778—To Sunbury. 180 elsewhere, and unless the contrary posi¬ Jjl “ “ To Easton. 12 i tively appears, I am justified in saying * [June, 1780—To Philadelphia.....,. 52 so, though I cannot state who they were : jluly, 1780—To complete Berks'county Bat¬ talions. or how many. And the men whom he lept., 1781—Capt Jacob Livingood’s com¬ commanded are entitled to be counted pany of riflemen. 3 months’ in the same way. service, estimated. j Jet., 1781—To Newtown,three companies, Now this may also appear prepos¬ estimated. terous, but Soder’s enlistment can not .ug., 1782—Frontier service. be questioned. By running over the , Miscellaneous enlistments as- !S1 eertained with names of men:. figures as given, without any reflection we might say they are very preposterous. i Total For instance in 1776. I endeavor to ac- I

gird (father of Mart Bird) anjf very p eminently identified with the iron in- \ “yT. “I du9tr? in L »»»*•■ H„ "y that these men for the “"r^5“r® Of property was very large. Deeds to and from him describe him as of Berks county. Brodhead came to Ber^ cou“^ bered only about 4,000, and over one-half, in 1771 from Northampton. When the could not have been away at one time. Revolution broke out he was placed on Such a claim would indeed be absurd important committees. In a marriage and could not be entertained. B y settlement with Rebecca Mifflinc taking into consideration the orders for (widow of Samuel, of Philadelphia.)| men Dorn Berks county, the reports of in 1778 they are both described as of; men forwarded, the time of service Reading. In the conveyance of certain, q„a its short duration, it is property he describes himself as of Read -, not only possible hut probable that dur¬ Fu„ In 1789 he was sent to the Assem¬ ing the^year the aggregate nnmber from bly from Berks county. While stat'oned the county was about as stated. D u n n g at Fort Pitt, he was a resident of Read the years 1776 and 1777, the excitement iSg because his wife lived there and in eastern Pennsylvania was great, the she afterwards died there as his wife^n appeals for men and supplies were nm 1788. Her last will proves this beyond merous and earnest, and tne invasion of the county was imminent, especially d°I might extend my remarks by way of when the ^British drove Washington^ supplying corroborating evidence as to array upward along the SchuykiU Z captains and colonels, but I think to a point within six miles of I have made a sufficient statement to sat the county line. Upon such an isfy the “Ex-Editor” and the readers of >. emergency I believe that the Germans in the Inquirer and the Times that if 1 ma^ : the county were sufficiently awakened to be somewhat over the true mark, he raise men enough to equal one-halt of certainly far under it. the number liable to military duty, for Let me add that I am not compiling the wellare of their families, lives and this work to enable certain persons to property was in great danger and it wa- become members of the ^o natural for them to do all m the Revolution,” but to J*0" “ power to aid Washington and defend near as I can what the people of Berks themselves from an invading enemy. county did in and for the Revolution, AS TO COLONELS and to write up a subject that has been Now as to the Colonels, the article in almost wholly neglected J tin. county the Times states that there were twelve I from 1783 until now. With very little men who were prominent m military to aid me vou can imagine what a labor life during the revolutionary period. ious undertaking I have on my hands. The reader (as Ex-Editor did) might have Very truly yours, taken that statement to mean in actual Morton L. Montgomery. service away from Berks county. But I Reading, .January 1, 1894. cannot say so. Not to mention Nage and Jones, from what I have stated, it must be believed that Bird, Spyker, Punter, Hiester.and Udree were colonels From, : in service out of Berks county. In the colonial records they are named as such .(Far, i Valentine Eckert and Jacob Morgan i t were “Lieutenants of Berks county t ] whose duty was to fill orders for men Date ,f and as such were known as and called [, colonels. I could not find that they c rendered any service out of the county, i» but the character of it in the county was AN HISTORIC RELIC, indispensable. They were appointed not by any local, but by State and Na¬ Ih THE WELL-PRESERVED INDIAN FORT tional authority. The same as to Nicholas Lotz. He was a lieutenant IN TULPEHOCKEN, BERKS CO. colonel in the battle of Long Island, ana

afterward ranked as a colonel, not The Place Where the Tulpehocken Settler* simply in the militia but in the service Erected Their Eirst Building in 1723- of the State and National Governmen t Interesting Historical Reiniuis- ' in buying and forwarding supplies. cences—A Thrilling Story. Henry Haller was the colonel of the regiment in the “Flying Camp, but it appears that he was not practically en¬ A number of old Indian forts are stil gaged in the Long Island campaign. to be found in different sections of ou PATTON AND BRODHEAD. State. Many of these forts have inter I am certain that both John Patton esting historical reminiscences con and Daniel Brodhead lived in Berks nected with them. Our friend, Rev. P county during the Revolution. Patton C. Croll, of Lebanon, Pa., has written ai was married to the widow of V illiam article for one of our exchanges, describ ing the Tulpehocken, Berks county, Pa. from which we taTre the following: 'his old and well preserved Indian ort, built of solid masonry and in part ornamented with carved stone door¬ jambs and headstones, or lintels, was about two miles to the south of the Tul- jiehocken church, in 1745. on lands then owned by Heinrich Zellers, and now in ppssession of his eighth descendant, Mr. 'Monroe P. Zellers. It is at this place where the Tulpehocken settlers erected their first building in 1723, which was a log structure and served as a fortifica¬ Strange Frails;Nature. tion against the Indians. A strange freak of nature was discovered This first fort gave way to a Stone Fort. recently near Reading. While Swoyer & About this latter, now antiquated struc¬ DeLong were sawing awhite oak log, which ture, cluster interesting stories and hal¬ they procured from the farm of George S. lowed associations. Thus it is related j Sell, a farmer of Maxatawny township, that the original Mrs. Zellers, wife of jnear Bowers Station, their circular saw, Heinrich, superintended the erection of which is five feet six inches in diameter, the fort, while her husband was out j struck a piece of quartz, which tore every with the other settlers, fighting the In¬ I tooth out of the big saw. The stone was dians, her laborers being colored^laves. six inches in diameter, and imbedded in Inasmuch as Pennsylvania then bad the trunk 30 feet from the ground and in I slaves, and the State governments au- side the solid wood. There is considerable j, thorized the erection of such forts on Jthese frontiers as a protection of her speculation as to how the stone got into the jjcitizens against the depredations of the trunk of the tree. There is no quartz 4 Indians, it is probable that State aid within a mile from the place where the tree jwds given in the erection of this fort, stood. It must have been there for over and perhaps in the employ of colored 200 years, as the tree, it is believed, was workmen. several centuries old. The tree was one of Another story is told of the heroic de¬ the very largest in that section. fence against and the slaughter of three attacking Indians by the same Christine Zellers, wife of Heinrich. One day, while all alone in this fort, she saw these From,.- prowling savages steadily approach the bunding and heading for the small hole in the cellar. Quickly descending the . | cellar steps with a broad-axe, she sta- ■ tioned herself inside this window with .

umphant air that equalled Deborah’s of Edward Biddle, Her Representative in old, she is said to have recounted her First Continental Coneress—A Dig- j r * victory that night to her husband, and tinguished Lawyer at Head¬ the fame of her conques t speedily spread ing from 1760 to 1780. ? throughout all the settlement, It was in this fort also that com- mumty found refuge and 'protection Morton L. Montgomery, Esq., the his¬ well-known Evasion of the torian of Berks ccumy, is about publish¬ in(Dan^ within the period of ing a new work which will bring him that historic conflict with the English additional credit and honor as an author Colonies. Many cruel butcheries of of valuable local compilations It will white people were committed by the be entitled “Berks County in the Revo¬ savages in this period, aDd in this com¬ lution.” Included in this work there munity. This fort is said to have been will be numerous sketches of the more atiaciied, and a cannon hall is still to be prominent men of the county who par¬ seen here which has been handed down ticipated actively in the Revolution. from that day, said to have been shot) Among these sketches and at the head of through one of the square port-holes, of the list is that of Edward Biddle, Esq., which all the original windows consisted*1 who was the most distinguished lawyer at Reading that practiced in our county * courts from 1752 down to 17S0. By the kind permission of Mr. Montgomery the Journal presents his sketch this morn- •iig as au juferesting subject for its H them.’* The able declaration, which the numerous readers on the “Anniversary - n committee reported, was earnestly sup- of Washington’s Birthday,” the hero of S < ported by Biddle, though opposed by his the Revolution, in which Biddle also M A colleague. The report of the Pennsyl- was a distinguished character. I vania delegates to the Assembly was PARENTAGE OF BIDDLE. { approved by it, and this action gave Edward Biddle was born in 1732. He \ Pennsylvania the credit of being the was the fourth son of William Biddle, a rirst constitutional House of Representa¬ native of New Jersey, whose grandfather . tives that ratified the Acts of Congress. i was one of the original proprietors of ^ SERIOUS ACCIDENT. that State, having left England with his Biddle was again selected as one of : father in 1681. His mother was the the delegates to the new Congress, which daughter of Nicholas Scull, who was Sur¬ ’ was to be held on May 10, 1775. On his veyor General of Pennsylvania from 1748 way from Reading to Philadelphia, by to 1761. James, Nicholas and Charles | boat, to attend the second convention,he Biddle were three of his brothers. accidentally fell overboard into the CAPTAIN IN INDIAN WARFARE. {■Schuylkill, and circumstances compell- On February 3, 1758, he was commis- ;' ‘ inglnmtoaleepin his wet clothing,he took sioned an ensign in the Provincial army * a cold, which resulted in a violent at- of Pennsylvania and was present at the h tack of illness. Besides leaving him a taking of Fort Niagara in the French confirmed invalid for the rest of his life, and Indian war. In 1759 he was pro¬ he, was deprived of the sight of one of moted to lieutenant, and in 1760 he was his eyes. He was one of the twenty- ’ commissioned as a captain, after which two members of Congress who did not j he resigned from the army and received sign the “Declaration of Independence.” | i 5,000 acres of land for his services. He His illness may account for his non-at¬ then selected the law as his profession, tendance and non-subscription of that ;■ and after the usual course of study at great document for our political free¬ l Philadelphia, most likely in the office of dom. He was elected three times as a his elder brother James, he located at delegate to Congress. The first two Reading and soon established himself as terms extended from September 5. 1774, a lawyer. to December 12, 1776, and the last from SPEAKER OF ASSEMBLY. 1778 to 1779. In 1767 he was elected to represent SUCCESSFUL LAWYER. ; Berks county in the Provincial Assem¬ From 1776 to 1779 I could not find any bly, and he was annually re-elected ; information of his public actions, ex¬ until 1775 and again in 1778. In 1774 I cepting his attendance of tRe meetings and 1775 he officiated as Speaker, but he ! of the Committee of Safety at Philadel¬ was obliged to resign this responsible phia in the beginning of January, 1776. position on March 15, 1775, on account The public records in the county offices, of illness. He had previously been , especially in the Prothonotary’s office, placed upon the most important com-| i disclose a large and lucrative practice, as mittees and had taken an active part in j an attorney-at-law, and this extended all the current business. J from 1760 to the time of his decease in When the citizens of Reading held a j S 1779. It seems to have been as n^uch, if public meeting on July 2, 1774, to take j not more than that ol aR the other at¬ initiatory steps in behalf of the Revo- torneys taken together. lutiou, they selected Edward Biddle to He died at Baltimore, Maryland, on preside over their deliberations, and the I i September 5, 1779. He had two sons expressive resolutions then adopted by | j Nicholas and Charles, the latter having them were doubtless drafted by him. I represented Berks county in the General His patriotic utterances on that occasion 3 Assembly in 1788; and two daughters, won their admiration, and they unani- Kitty and Abigail, the latter of who v mously gave him a vote of thanks in ap- was married to Capt. Peter Scull, an ac- : preciation of his efforts in the cause of v tive patriot in the Revolution. ' the rights and liberties of America. EULOGIUM BY READ. DELEGATE TO FIRST CONGRESS. Upon his decease, the following high! On the same day, while he was presid- complimentary notice appeared in Dun ring at this meeting, the Assembly of , lap’s newspaper at Philadelphia, whic,' Pennsylvania was in session and elected ^ was attributed to Hon. James Read, wh eight delegates as representatives to the - was "then officiating as a councillor fro .“First Continental Congress,” and . Berks county in the Supreme Executive among them was Edward Biddle, of Council: Reading. The State then comprised “On Thursday last, after a lingerin eleven counties. When this congress '(illness, that great lawyer, Ed wan assembled at Philadelphia on September I Riddle, of Reading, died at Baltimore 5, 1774, the subject which principally in the 41st year of his age, |n early life occupied its attention was referred to a as a captain in our provincial forces, hi| committee of two delegates from each military virtues had distinguished hi colony, and Biddle was selected as one of so highly that Congress designed him fo them. They were directed “to state the a high rank in the American army rights of the colonies in general, the in¬ which, however, was prevented by hi stances in whieh those rights were vio- i sickness. Sis practice at the Bar fq lated, and the means most proper to be years having made his great abiliti pursued for obtaining a restitution of j and integrity known, the county o ■HQI______unanimously elected hi js one of their representa¬ tives in thp Assembly, an this body chose him as speaker, and als selected him as one of the two delegate! po Congress, where his patriotic condnc lid hquor to their choice. As a publi bharacter, very fpw were e^ual to him i |alents or nobie exertion of them; so in private life, the son, the husband, the Date, -'h/h?.-!'. _/ I’ather, brother, friend and neighbor,and tlso master, had in him a pattern not to ie excelled. Love of country, benevo¬ AN HISTORIC PARSONAGE lence and every manly virtue rendered lim an object of esteem and admiration THAT CONNECTED WITH TULPK- to all who knew him.” IIOCKEN OR CIIIII ST LUTHERAN GRAY DON’S MEMOIR. CHURCH. Alexander Graydon, in his memoirs, Located In Marion Township. Nenr .Stonchs- [makes the following mention of him: .•"if \hnr<£—An Ancient Record. ‘Mr. Biddle, then in a declining state A newspaper writer recently visited the of hps}th, and no longer in Congress ap¬ parsonage of Tulpehocken, or more com¬ parently nntortaiaed sentiments not ac¬ monly known as Christ Lutheran church cordant with the measures pursuing, and in Marion township, near Stouchsburg. in the fervid style of his eloquence—fo<; He says: Standing upon the threshold of which he was distinguished—he often this antiquated, ministerial abode, 1 shali exclaimed that he really knew not what ask my fellow-explorers to step lightly to wish for. ‘The subjugation of my and reverently on entering a door that has swung on its hinges a 150 years to give country’—be would say—T deprecate as entrance and exit, not only to the long a most grievous calamity, and yet I line of its pious and honored inmates, but si,cken at tji.e idea of thirteen uncon¬ to hundreds, yea thousands, besides. In nected, petty Democracies. If we are to addition to the usual social and par¬ "be independent, let jigf in the name of ish yisits made here in its long his¬ God, at once have an empire, and place tory, this is the door that has opened to Washington at the head of it.’ ” _ many a hundred couple of young lovers OPINION P,Y WILKINSON- who came hither to have nuptial knots Aud Gen. Wilkinson in his memoirs, tied by the dominie in charge. Here expressed the following estimate of many another hundred calls were made to announce the death of some parishioner Biddle’s character. and engage the pastor's services for the T took Heading in my route and funeral. Hither many an infant was passed some days in that piace, where I borne by loving parents—though probably had several dear and respected friends. more to the church itself—to have the Among them was Edward Riddle. Esq., rite of holy baptism administered. a man whose public and private virtues While not all these official acts commanded respect and excited admira¬ may have been performed in the par¬ tion from all persons. He was Speaker sonage, it appears from an historical ad¬ of the last Assembly of Pennsylvania dress delivered by Kev. Shantz at theses- | quicentennial celebration of the church, under the Proprietary government, and that there are records preserved, showing in the dawn of the Revolution devoted that for a part of this* period, covering a himself to the cause of his country and | very large parish, the various pastors re successfully opposed the overhearing in- j siding here officiated at ti,934 baptisms, |iuence of Joseph Galloway. Ardent, 3,529 marriages and 2.518 funerals. Of eloquent, and full of zeal, by his course the record is incomplete In every esertj.qns during several days and nights one item, as for periods of years together of obstinate, warm, and animated one or the other class of entries was dis¬ discussion in extreme @uL,:y wpgther, he continued. overheated himself and brought on an Beyond a doubt the most interesting wedding that ever occurred here was that inflammatory rheumatism and surfeit, of the Hev. Henry Melchoir Muhlenberg, which radicilly destroyed his health tne eminent patriarch of the Lutheran and ultimately deprived society of one church in America, then resident in of its greatest ornitm^nfs, and his coun¬ Bhila., to Miss Annie Marie Weiser, a try of a statesman, a patriot aa;l a daughter of the celebrated Conrad soldier. He had served several cam¬ Weiser. It, was solemnized by the first paigns in the war of 1750, and if his pastor, Hev. Tobias Wagner, in 1745, and health had been spared would, no doubt, forms a most conspicuous entry in the in¬ have occupied the second or third place tensely interesting church record begun by him and still preserved and continued. jttthe revolutionary arpiiea,” If indeed this illustrious pair were not married in this identical house, which 8?. seems to have been built a year or two j later, it was yet solemnized on this spot in a house adjoining, which-as a part of a mill property, was then used as the pas¬ tor’s residence, and which is still stand¬ ing and in possession of the congregation. A book ol accounts is kept at the par- V

sonagti 10 this day as one of the congregaG tho world will look upon Ills eqbal.’b I lion’s most valuable historic relics, show-1 Through the marriage of a granddaugh- (\ ing, in Pastor Kurtz's hand, an account of ter, (the daughter of Kev. John Daniel 1 receipts and expenditures in pounds, Kurtz), this family also .became con- Y shillings and pence, contributed anddis-j necteu with that of the gifted Lutlierau ' bursed during the building of this house. divines, the Schaeffers, and their tw\ 'Ibe erection of this building occurred childreu became famous, the one being during the first years of this pastor’s of¬ Kev. Dr. Charles F. Schaeffer, long a pro- j ficial service here. He was called in 1746 lessor in the theological seminary al and served as catecliet until 1748, when at Gettysburg, and the other the wife of tin the first meeting of the oldest synod of the | Kev. Dr. Demme, of Phila., one oi the I .Lutheran church in America (the mtnis-j most learned men of this century. terium of Pennsylvania and adjacent We see, therefore, what a celebrated states) convened in St. Michael’s church progeny came from the family which oc¬ of Phila., he was ordained as the first cupied this parsonage for the first 30 years 1 American Lutheran minister, so set apart after its erection. by order and act. of an organized ecclesi- j That Pastor Kurtz, the senior, was him¬ astical body. It was, therefore, in the self a.man of eminent literary attain- J newly completed aud occupied parson¬ meats, as inferred by the respect ac-i age that he prepared himself for this corded him by so renowned a literary! synodic examination. Whatever stress institution as the College of Now Jersey/ may have been laid by this young candi¬ whose faculty sent him special in vitations • date tor the ministry in his previous to attend their annual commencements, "l study upon purely theological points,the though Tulpehocken was considerably *• following practical questions were some distant from Princeton. . I that were laid before him for answer But other prominent families succeeded \ by the committee, viz.: What are the that of Pastor Kurtz as occupants of this j evidences of conversion ? What is meant manse. His immediate successor was Kev. hy the influence and blessings of Christoph Emanuel Schultzc, for several the Holy Spirit? How do you prove years previous assistant pastor to Dr. H. ! that Christ was not only a teacher, IVI. Muhlenberg, of Phila. He was a na¬ but that He made an atonement for the tive from Saxony, Germany, and a gradu-| sins of man? etc. At his ordination, Kev. ate of the institutions at lialle. Ho ar-| Hartwig preached from the words, “His rived in this country in 1765, newly or¬ blood will I require at the hand.” it may dained to the ministry, and as associate of have beeu some impression made upon Blir. Muhlenberg served both the St. Mich- j his mind by this sermon that made this ael’s and Zion's churches of Phila. The pastor of Tulpehocken such a faithful latter was founded during his iSinistry and earnest preacher and worker for there, and was, at the time, regarded as souls. In all those perilous years (when the handsomest church in this country. 1 in his home or on his journeys, lie was It was to this church that Con fs r#is3 rc- constantly exposing his life to danger paired in a body to express thanksgiving from the attacks of the Indians, who fre¬ to God for the victory of the lie\ olution- ! quently invaded the territory of liis par¬ ary army and the restoration of peace on ! ish and tomahawked or scalped entire the surrender of Cornwallis at Yorktowu. j families, many of whom he was culled Hie same editice had also been used us a ' upon to bury*) he kept faithfully at his hospital by the Britisli during their occu¬ post, doing his work as pastor and pancy of ^Piaila. But Pastor Bchultze! preacher. had long since left Phila. when this! It was, while residing in this parson¬ occurred, although lie was strongly age, that his large family of children urged by this flock to return. Hej were born, consisting of 9 sons and 3 took up his abode at Tulpehocken ini daughters. The baptism of at least 8 of 1770,having previously married Eve Eliza-1 them is recorded in the church book kept lietb, daughter of Patriarch Muhlenberg. ■ j here. One of these is that of John Daniel, Here he labored, occupying this manse for , 7 ... who himself became an eminent minister 38 years, with the house again, as in tlie: 1 / ; and spent his life for a few years as as- case of Pastor Kurtz, tilling up with chil-| ig sistant to - his father, then residing at dreu. There were nine children in all, of I 0 York, and later as assistant pastor to and whom the most conspicuous was John soon as successor of Kev. Goerock, of Bal¬ Andrew, horn here, who, after a short; timore. He was pastor of the first Lutb- ministerial career, entered secular life aud ! i, eran church of that cityiijfor 46 years,when served this state for two terms as gov- i he retired, living to tlie extraordinary ernor. Mis administration is still con- j age of 93. Another son of Castor John spicuously remembered for its justice and Nicholas Kurtz, of Tulpeliocken, was ^intelligence. long the parochial teacher of the York The many arduous and fatiguing labors | Lutherans and became the father of the of Pastor Sciiultze so enfeebled his body; Kev. Dr. Benj. Kurtz—one of the most that daring the last year of his life he had; eminent men the Lutheran church of often to be assisted to the pulpit. The! • America ever produced, who,as preacher, 'Sunday preceding his death lie was loo author, editor of the Lutheran Observer, weak lo leave the house, so lie summoned and one of the chief founders of the insti¬ the congregation to the parsonage, Vhere tutions of classical and theological learn¬ he preached his last sermon. The tollow-I ing at Gettysburg and Selinsgrove,uud of inn Saturday, March 11,1S09, lie fell asleep the evangelical Alliance, and, as traveler- in Christ, following his lamented wife, abroad, has acquired a reputation as wide who had a few months previously nre-! as the church. ceded him to the bosom of a loving. A daughter of this Tulpeliocken Pastor Savior. Kev. Dr. Loeliman, of Lebanon, ; I Kurtz, aud born in this manse, afterwards preached his funeral sermon the- follow- became the wife of Kev. Jacob Goering, mg Wednesday from the words: -‘if any I of York, concerning whom a church his¬ man serve me, let him follow me; aud ' torian said, at the time of his death, where I am, there shall also my scrvrinJ “many generations must jiass away before) L “ononedaynotlessthansevenmembersojthecon- , -InalettertoDr.?.£uUlenbergtil1757hesaysthat lafcompiished wife,hasintraininga | mgL>ee:imurderedbytheIndiansdayd^ore. 'character ofthosewhohavedwelledhere irepute thisabodehasgainedbythehigh small familyofchildren,whosenoble or goneoutfromhence. “Tegatlon wereJ*rougbttothechurchlorb^Jual.hav feeds, wetrust,willkeepupthehigh anage havehelpedtomaketlieabode imous bylongresidenceandnobledeeds,

fmented withcarvedstonedoor-jambsand IWate. Manyofthesefortshaveinterest-1 j. AnumberofoldIndianTortsarestill . pw thegenialoccupant,who,withhis »iysen andLong,thelastofwhomis Ibuilt ofsolidmasonryandinpartorna-; [church, in1745,onthelandsthenowned [miles tothesouthofTulpehocken |Lebanon, Pa.,haswrittenanarticle,for; [by HeinrichZellers,andnowinpossession [Zellers. ItisatthisplacewheretheTul- jpehocken, BerksCo.,Pa.,Tort,from to befoundindifferentsectionsofout ling in1723,whichwasalogstructureand ing historicalreminiscencesconnectedwith [served asafortificationagainsttheIn- lof hiseighthdescendant,Mr.MonroeP. ipehocken settlerserectedtheirfirstbuild- which wetakethefollowing: them. OurfriendRev.P.C.Croll,ofj one ofourexchangesdescribingtheTub Idians. ihead-stones, orlintels,wasabouttwo From,. U1 thesuccessorsinthishistoricpar- sociations. Thusitisrelated thattheori¬ i Aboutthislatter,nowantiquatedstructure, Date, . intendedtheerectionofthis fort,while nu’a college. ved bythefamiliesofParsonsEager?, rich residedfortoyears,liewa9fob flier husbandwasout,with theother ro the■well-rememberedRev.Daniel vania thenhad slayes,andthestategov- lernments authorized theerectionofsuch : librarywasafterwardspresentedto cluster interestingstoriesand hallowedas¬ ling coloredslaves. InasmuchasPennsyl¬ ginal Mrs.Zellers,wifeofHeinrich, super tiers fightingtheIndians,her laboieisbe This oldandwellpreservedIndianfort, This firstfortgavewaytoaStoneFort, A portionofPastort— OLD INDIANBOUT. . S (her citizensagainstthedepredationsofthe, ■ |fence against,andtheslaughterofthree! given intheerectionofthisfortandper-% Indians, itisprobablethatstateaidwas forts onthesefrontiersasa haps intheemployofcoloredworkmen..3 attacking Indians,bythesameChristine| Zellers, wifeofHeinrich.Oneday,whiled all. aloneInthisfort,shesawtheseprowl-\ and headingforthesmallholeincel-I ing savagessteadilyapproachthebuildingu side thiswindowweaponupraised.Pres-j lav. Quicklydescendingthecellarstepsg ently theheadoffirstIndianprotrud-! with abroad-ax,shestationedherselfin¬ ed throughthishole,whenshequickly* tive blow brought downtheweaponwithaneffec-j led downfromthatday,saidtohavebeend was rightandsafeInside.Thesefollowed disguised hervoiceandinIndianlanguage beckoned hiscompanionstofollow,asall one byone,andweredispatchedinlike. equalled Deborah’sofold,sheissaidto manner. Withatriumphantairthat speedily throughoutallthesettlement. her husband,andthefameofconquestJ have recountedhervictorythatnightto | -Destination —ABriefHistoryofthe nity foundrefugeandprotectionduring conflict withtheEnglishcolonies.Many- the well-knowninvasionofFrenchand in thiscommunity.ThisfortissaidtojjN mitted bythesavagesinthisperiod,and« cruel butcheriesofwhitepeoplewerecom-jjj still tobeseenherewhichhasbeenhand¬ have beenattacked,andacannonballis Indians withintheperiodofthathistoricU shot throughoneofthesquareport-holes,;*".l of whichalltheoriginalwindowsconsist-« Til© FirstFleetofVVliiteMen thatEver ed. f(Jj 91 _ Another storyistoldoftheheroicde-1 Dragging thebodythroughhole,she quehanna. lliver—WhoThey Where, Traversed theNorthBranch oftheSus¬ Date, '/£ Prom Whence TheyCameandTheir From,. It wasinthisfortalsothatthecommu¬ THE PALATINESOP1723. protection ofj1 (fa/* M ‘ Course of the Expedition, given them by tbelr Mohawk ^guides [Contributed by C. F. Hill.] made a successful descent of the Susque¬ Iu the spring of 1709 amongthe inhabitants hanna to the mouth of the Swatara Greek, near Wurtemberg, a part of the once famous now Middletown, Pa., and thence up the creek Palatinate of the Rhine, occurred an exodus to whore the headwaters of the Swatara and of more than ordinary movement, the causes Tulpehocken Interlock with each other of which can be traced to the period cover¬ Here they transferred their canoes and their ing the thirty years war. The revooa-j lading to the waters of the Tulpehocken tion of the Edict of Nantes, and the religious where they again settled, after the sad ex¬ wars, and the devastation that followed by perience in the province they had left. The both French and Spanish aggressions, laid lauds of the Tulpehocken and Maxatawney waste the Palatinates. A migrating epidemic valleys were at that time yet unceded and 6eized upon the stricken masses who fled and belonged and were occupied still by the In¬ iu about two mouths reached London in Eng¬ dians, who kindly permitted them to settle land, where they camped on the Black Moor among them. ■ from August until the dose of the year, Of how the Palatinates were regarded in when Queen Aqd sent ten ships laden with their new location by the authorities we will 4,000 souls to America, which after a six quote from James Logan’s letter to John mouths voyage anchored at New York on the Penn, Nov. 25, 1727: 17th'dey of Juue, 1710, Queen Ann had di¬ “The next year (1723) our late Governor rected, with the acquiescence of the Mo¬ placed the Palatines there, (Tulpehocken) hawk chiefs, that a tract in the whom he had invited from Albany, who will land of the Mohawks, on the Hudson, certainly hold it, on some terms or other, where Newburg and New Windsor peaceably, by agreeing to an annual rent or now stand, should be granted by letters oat- j n reasonable purchase if they oan, but they ent to the Palatinates. Thither they repaired are too numerous and resolute to be removed- with exalted hopes, but alas, new troubles nor since they were placed there by what ’ MUMi awaited them. In addition to the privations' they accounted an authority, would it be' incident to their wildeness homes, they fell j proper to endeavor their disappointment.” the victims to bold designing men. Robert Two years later Logan again writing to Hunter, governor of the Province, and Rob-J the proprietaries says; ert Livingstone, a large bondholder, conspired “Speaking of Indian purchases I have al-| against the unsuspecting coiony and imposed ways been scrupulously careful to suffer no! a ground rent for ten acres on each separate settlements to be made as far as I could I1 family, and besides levied a per capita of $33 prevent it on the Indian claims, but S. W. as passage money. They now abandoned Keith made the first outrageous steps in' their homes on Livingstone Mauor on the settling these Palatines at Tulpehocken.”! Hudson and removed to Schoharie and the Later the proprietaries wrote to James! Mohawk valiey. For this privilege they Logan: “As to the Palatines you have often! paid the Mohawk chiefs $300. Here theynre- taken notice cf to us, we apprehend have muined until their homes, fields and mead¬ lalely arrived in greater quantities than may' ows became homelike and attractive. Then be consistent with the welfaro of the' they discovered that the Provincial Governor! country, and therefore applied ourselves to had long since sold their fruitful valley to our council to fmd a proper way to prevent! seven landlords, one landlord for each one of it, the result of which was that an act of; the seven settlements of the unfortunate' assembly should be got or endeavoured at Palatinates. Soon after these events took and sent us over immediately, when we! place, His Excellency, William Keith, would take sufficient care to get it approved BaroDet, Governor of the Province by the king.” of Pennsylvania, visited Albany, and The Palatinates, the ancestors of the now learned the condition of these unhappy peo¬ Pennsylvania Dutch, were too poor to pur-' ple. He lost no time in informing them of the chase the lands on which they settled a'- ' j freedom and justice accorded their country¬ though they did purchase them and they are { J men in Pennsylvania. The question now still owned ami occupied by their descend- i arose how to reach this land of promise as ants. pictured to them by Governor Keith. The This is the brief history of the first fleet so1' Mohawk Indians, who were on friendly terms far as known, or body of white people who' with the Palatinates, readily gave them ;traversed the waters of the North Branch ! what information they had ot the country and how best to reach the valley of the ,and numerous are the descendants who can trace their ancestry to the families who were- . Tulpehocken. An Indian guide led them members of the expedition of 1723. through the forests of New York and a jour¬ ney of fifteen days brought them, in all about sixly families, to the head waters of the isorth Branoh of the Susquehanna. Here they built canoes sufficient in number to carry their families and effects. Their cattle were driven overland, by what route is uu- j known. This was in the spring of 1723. An J estimate of three canoes to each family would number one hundred and eighty. a fleet that at this day would attraot attention 1 probably beyound anything that ever! passed over the same stream. No doubt by the help and directions! y again took the < X Artillerists” and was government with a brass d piece, turcd from the British at Yorktown. On Sept. IS, 1824, the company took part iu the reception of Gen. Lafayette at Phila. During the celebration of the semi-centennial of American liberty in this city, the artillerists played a promi¬ Date, nent part and attended special services in Trinity Lutheran and Christ Episcopal churches. In September, 1830, Captain A New Church for Stouchsburg. Keim resigned, on account of old age, At a congregational meeting held after after having been in command for 36 services on Sunday in Zion’s Lutheran years. In his place George M. Keira was elected captain and served uulil the fall Church at Stouchsburg, of which Eev. E. S. of 1834. Brownmiller is pastor, plans and specifica¬ Wo. IT. Miller was appointed his suc¬ tions were adopted for a new church. This cessor and served until 1839, when Wm. congregation was the first organized Luth¬ Strong, afterwards a justice of the United eran body and built the first church in Tul- States supreme court, was elected to the captaincy. Captain Strong resigned in pehocken township, having been organized 1841 and was succeeded by Thos. Leaser. in 1727. The new edifice is to be a fine brick In May, 1842, when encamped on what is structure, with a tower and spire. This is now Penn’s Commons, the Artillerists the congregation with which Conrad Weiser were inspected by Gen. W infield Scott, worshiped. * commander-in-chief of the U. S. army, and Gov. David H. Porter. On the 11th of July, 1844, the Artiller- ists were ordered to Phila. where they From, garrisoned the arsenal and Girard bank during the riots of that year. The next services of the company was when they left for Phila., Dec. 26, 1846, and from there to Chambersburg, from which r place they were conveyed to Pittsburg in ® 3 6-hor>e teams, arriving Jan. 5, where h they were mustered into the U. S. service ' to serve during the Mexican war. They were landed on the island of Lobas, and engaged in all the hotly contested battles 100 YEARS OtD TO-DAY. from the coast to the capital. After peace was declared, they arrived home I CENTENNIAL ANN IVEI4PAKY OF THE July 29, 1848, with but 38 of the 112 men kBADING AKTlUiBihSTS. who went out with the company. In |A Brief Sketch of This Famous Company of September, 1849, Captain Leaser died, Volunteers. having served 9 years, and was succeeded by John Biddle. A short time after this, l ^ °'day marks the 100th anniversarv of Ithe organization of the Heading Ariiller- Daniel H. Clymer was elected captain, which position he held until June, 1852, |ists. it was effected March 23, 1794, at a meeting held in Woods’ tavern, now the when Captain Biddle again became com¬ banners’ National bank, by a number of manding officer. In 1855, Wm. I. C10U3 |survivors of Lieut. Col. Nicholas Lotz’s was elected captain, and served until the (3d battalion of the Continental army, and election of George W. Alexander in 1857. jother citizens. 1). DeB. Keim was chosen At the breaking out of the Kebellion the 1 >■ the first commander. Artillerists were mustered into service at In the fall of that year,they were called Harrisburg, April 20, 1861. |Out to aid in quelling the “YVhiskv Insur¬ After doing service under Gens. Patter- ** rection,” in the western part of the state. son and Keim in the Shenandoah, ihey | iliey loft Heading with 2 field pieces and were mustered out of service July, 1831. - I joined the army of General Henry Lee. They again re-enlisted a9 Co. E, 128th 3 , regiment, P. V., and served under Capl. president Washington accompanied the I troops and the Artillerists were detailed Anderson, at Antietam, where the com-i® I as a portion of his body guard while at pany was badly cut up and Capt. Anderson 1 Carlisle. killed. 10 Again they were called out in 1799, and * In May, 1881,the company was reorgan- joined the regular army, and served dur¬ i zed by Capt. B. H. Savage, who con-®- ing the Northampton county troubles. tinued in command 1 year. lie was sac- ceeded by Wm, A. Sauders, followed by During the same year the campany took 3 Ipart in the funeral procession of Gen. Capt. Samuel H. Stalir in 1S83. On the i Washington. During the war of 1812 the 3d of October. 1885, Capt. H. C. Christoph (company re organized under the name of was selected as the commander of the I file “Heading Washington Guards,” and company and has served iu that capacity were put in the Advance Light brigade, ever since. under Gen. Thos. Cadwalader. Thev were At the time of the silk mill disaster, |ordered to Phila., Sept. 16, 1814. to aid in Jan. 9, 1889, the Artillerists were called the defence of that city. When the com- out to assist the police and remained on any was leaving Heading, they were es¬ duty 24 hours. During the riots at Home¬ pied to the Schuylkill river by Col. stead the Artillerists were ordered to that imon’s band, where they took boats and place and remained on duty 19 days. The oined the army near Wilmington. company has attended all the stale en¬ campments and will participate in the Liberty jubilee to be held in this city is recorded ,n Philadeiph.a, in Patent Book1

1754 ” Tn°;,16 A' M'’ 5°th Page- jQ,y 29th. mat Ia 116 comerstone were placed “a B bie, catechism and nymn book, also the si ver and copper coins of our king of Great Britain, France and Ireland, 1761.” ' The lead ism good condition, but the coin was a’i Date, M S""0' *M ■“»»6> «•»»!«',2

AN OM) UNOHAIIK GOING. Barint Aivay the^ Propert* at Jackson's

Contractor Jacob Myers has a force of men at work tearing down Hie property at Jackson s locks, preparatory to the

nlajit.r,HnV° nTh!The_ Jbuildingh®J?0USe was sewa put" eup disposal in 1830 r>y Ihomas Jackson. Contractor Richard Hoirmastcr did the work. Edward jack- son, brother of Thomas, and family, were the first to occupy it. They move,i there i«Q7h°T,' fal ,of T 1S,36, and ln the spring of 1837 Edward Jackson opened a general ALMANAC COLLECTIONS. store He built up a large business, prin¬ Why cipally among the boatmen, but, liis cus¬ Farmers No Longer Irrigate tomers also included residents of the Their Meadows. lower sections of the city. Mr. Jackson1 Moselem bPKixGst Jacob A. Boyer continued in business there until the tailor, Yirginsville, has an almanac of the spring of 18i2, when he sold out year 1805, and ope of every succeeding to a Mr. Graeff, who remained year to 1894. Mr. Eover has next to the several years. The late (Jonrad Frame! largest collection of Indian relics in the and bamuel_ James conducted a general county, besides numerous other relics, all store there for a number of years. After of which he prizes very highly. ‘31 years Mr. Jackson again occupied the Solomon Schweyer, a retired and re- property, and continued in business up spected farmer, residing near Moselem to 1890. bince that time Alfred Keiser Church, is the owner of a grandfather’s and family lived there up to a few weeks clock made more than 80 years ago. The ago. The property was purchased by the clock is in firSt-class order. He considers Clt^i Henrr Conrad, one of the it a valuable heirloom,and expects 'o give gradehtldren of Thomas Jackson for $15,- it to one of his 3 sods. 000. batd Edward Jackson, “It the canal Joel M. Leibelsperger, merchant, this was in good condition, and the com¬ place, has almanacs for every year from pany was shipping more freight tne 1791 to 1894. They were saved by his property would not have been sold.’'’ grandfather, Solomon Leibelsperger, and bis lather, Jacob D. LeiDelsperger, both deceased. The Eagle correspondent was recently handed a copy of the “Her Geist der Zeit,’ published at Kutztown everv Thursday by Hawrecbt & Wink, ft is a copy of one of the first editions. The paper has 4 pages and each pa-»e 4i t,.(3^. columns. Size of paper 13x31 inches. The first and last pages are devoted to adver-i orr‘ tisements exclusively as is also the last' Date, column on the third page. The second 1 page contains President Tyler’s message to the Senate and House of Representa-i Found in aCorn^stona Laid IrTTrel tives. Following closes one of the adver¬ HieT)lP greaternraataii portion_ or— the old church at tisements for a shooting match for a hog weighing 650 pounds, distance 100 yards Moselem, Berks county, has been torn downi with balls ■ and in the comer stone was found a piece of "Kommt bei Ibr Scbutzen und scharf gescboszen. i Denn bier 1st kelner ausgescbioszen. lead 7J inches square, divided into four parts Wer zweimal scbleszt, den Nagel ein by lines radiating from the centre, in which ..—-situPer nimmt das grosze__iCbwein • mit heim.'. 1 Eec. 16. Geo. F. Bkkifooel, a number ot inscriptions in German were in 1826 the first paupers, 2 in number, traced with some sharp instrument. One an¬ of this (Richmond) township were taken nounces that the corner stone was laid August to the poor house. The others were cared for by relatives and friends, who pre¬ 10th, 1761, iu the presence of the congregation ferred maintaining them rather than see and others. Another states that “ These 101 them taken to the almshouse. An-j acres of land were purchased from Thomas nually on the 25th of March overseers Penn and Richard Penn, true owners, lords were appointed to care for the) of the Province of Pennsylvania, on the poor of this township—prior to the! erection of the almshouse. In 1793 12th day of August, A. P. P. V., 1748,” “ wlthl the expenses of this township for the privilege to erect a church thereon andI maintaining the poor were £25, 7s'., 9d. lor burial and other purposes, to the congre-l and 26 years later the £’s s.’s and d.’s were gation and its successors,” and “ this parent dispensed with and dollars and cents used. One hundred and forty-one years - ■ I < a pair of stockiugs cost 5s.; a shirt, he built up a flourishing church r . 6d.; a jacket, 15d., 10(1.; breeches, 6s.; that still bears his name. Weiss located oling and mending pair of shoes, #s., 6d. (atSkippach, Montgomery county, after 1753 David Ely was overseer, lie being arriving in this country with fifty fam¬ one of the first. The average expense of ilies of native Palatines, September 21, J supplying a pauper at that time with 1727, having been sent hither as the first ( shoes and clothing for a year was £3|, I ordained pastor of the Reformed church 11s.. lOd. in Pennsylvania, by “the upper consis¬ The majority of farmers are having tory, or classis, of the Palatinate.lie their cattle dehorned owing to the fact served all the older congregations of that several animais were gored to death. upper Montgomery county, such as Old In every drove there are some vicious and Kcw Goschenhoppen, Dross, Schwam, ones and when confined to the barn yard (etc. He also visited tho Fatherland, they generally have others on the run. : with one Reif, in the interests of the Irrigating along the Moselcm creek is a struggling Reformed congregations of thing of the paet, owing in part to the Pennsylvania. and for a brief muskrats. For irrigating purposes period preached at Rhinebeck, N. Y. ditches were dug and embankments Reigcr arrived in this country in Septem¬ thrown up. and these, being the abode of ber, 1731. He settled at Lancaster, and the rats, were often undermined dur¬ supplied the surrounding congregations ing the winter for quite a dis¬ I with preaching, namely, Conestoga tance, causing the farmers considerable ShaefEerstown, etc. These 3 men have a expense in repairing the embankments* number of things in common, viz.,*they ieverv spring before they could irrigate united in Sept. 29, 1747, with Rev. their meadows successfully. One farmer Schlatter in the establishment, in Phila., jafter another discontinued irrigating uu- of the first ecclesiastical organization, til at present some meadows from which known then by the name of bcetus, now as three crops were taken formerly are used Bynod; 2, they founded the first churches for pasture exclusively. in the localities where they settled; 3, they The roads of this (Richmond), town¬ all accumulated considerable wealth; 4, ship, have the reputation of being among they all lie buried in the churches winch the poorest in the county, and justly so. they respectively founded, and 5, they In the agricultural regions there is were all among the first supplies of much less depression than in the manu¬ the Tulpehocken congregation. Would facturing towns and districts. The we visit their respective groves we should people are not much given to luxurious find Weiss buried at the southeast corner tying, but they have an abundance of of the new Goshenhoppen church, the solid comforts. grave marked by a wooden slab on which is painted the barest fact of his resting there. While he died childless, he owned about 20 slaves, ail of whom and their From,... .. offspring he baptized, some of whose de- scendents still linger about Goshenhop¬ pen. The grave of Boehm is likewise in 6k.Lr. the southeast corner of the church ho built at Whitpain, having died suddenly, May 1, 1749, after a trip to Egypt,Lehigh, county, where on the previous day Date, he had administered communion. He left a number of children, among whom was long preserved, as a relic, an iron chest filled with this pioneer’s most FAMOUS PREACHERS. important church papers and correspon¬ dence with the church judicatories of Early Pastors of the Tulpehockefn Re¬ Holland and Germany, but which val- , formed Church. ./ uable historic treasures were after oft \ Having taken a general survey of the handling finally but most unfortunately {grounds and buildings and the past his¬ given to the flames. Reigcr lies buried tory of the Tulpehocken Reformed church, in the First Reformed church, of Lancas¬ L*!3 miles from Myerstown, let us take our ter, a horizontal stone, with an elaborate felseat on the front portico of the historic epitaph, marking the spot, and noting 8p parsonage, and in company with the hos- his death as occurring. In 1769, March the ^ipitable pastor in charge, call up the long 11th. i line of the sainted men who labored here Vt hen the Rev. Michael Schlatter, the in the past century and a half. great leader and organizer of the German The first that must be referred to are Reformed church of America (sent by the those earliest supply-pastors, or mission¬ Reformed classis of Holland, and com¬ aries, who preached the gospel here be¬ missioned to consolidate the scattered Re¬ r fore the first synodical organization of this formed congregations upon the basis of denomination wasjeffected in this country. their denominational order, doctrines and These were the Revs. Rieger, Boenm worship) arrived in this country, these 3 and Weiss, names that stand high in the named pastors accompanied this con¬ earliest annals of the Reformed church in spicuous personage to this congregation America. They were the very earliest at the Tulpehocken. The illustrious { pastors of this church, and did much pio- patriarch visited here at several other oc¬ :■? neer work for this denomination in Penn- casions, but perhaps the most memorable ^ sylvania. Boehm began to preach in 1726, visit ot all is that occasioned by the intro¬ before ho was formally licensed. He took duction and installation of the fiist regu¬ up his home in Whitpain township, then lar pastor in the oersou or the Rev. Do- Philadelphia county about 16 miles north minicus Bartholomaeus, whom, with Rev- of that city, from whence he sup¬ Hocheutiuer he was instrumental in in plied surrounding places, even Phil¬ ducing to come to America irom Bwitze adelphia. At this place (Whitpain! land for the important fields at Tult ocken and Lancaster. Rev. Bartholooiaeus took charge at Tul- Dehocken, September, 1748, but was not Tnlnohoeken Mr. Otterbein went to t< ret permitted to labor for any length of time. Almost from the very beginning of his fliro r I aad/™m thence to Baltimon l! i at°-ed f?r alm,lsl 40 Tears, unti ministry his health was precarious, caus¬ his death, being, however, meanwhile in ing iiim to cease from his active labors strumental in giving form and shaoe t. here in 1752, and being relieved of his a new sect or denomination, the Unitei bodily infirmities by death in 1759. Rev. Brethren in Christ. Later he seems tt Dr. William Stoy, who succeeded this have come back to his first love, taking a first pastor at Tulpehocken, was born in deep interest in the Reformed church and Herborn, Germany, March 14, 1726, where dying wit bin her fold, one of the most he was educated for the ministry, and ac¬ high.y gifted preachers and intensely companied Rev. Schlatter to America, 1 amen workers of this denomination. He of 6 pastors, whom this leader induced died Oct. 17, 1813, in Baltimore, where the in a visit to the Fatherland in Jbnr^hb 6 -Ur\ Kl]rtz\ of the Lutheran 1752, to accompany him to America to church, ministered to him in his dvin<* serve the church here. He was apnointed hours and preached his German funeral as successor of Mr. Bartholomaeus", when sermon. He lies buried aside of the there failing health debilitated the latter. He Reformed church, now United Brethren remained but three years, when the se¬ in Con way st. of that city. Dishop As- verities of the climate induced him to re¬ bury, first bishop of the M. E. church ; sign. After health improved he accepted whom the rormer assisted to consecrate to a call to Lancaster, and from thence came the bishopric, and whose intimate friend¬ back to the Lebanon valley, settling in ship he enjoyed, spoke aspecial eulogium Lebanon, and operating up and down to ms memory in the Conway st. churclv the valley as a physician and minister. rrom Rev. 8:10-11. Mr. Otterbein’s tomb He preached here and at Host church, in is well preserved and marked by a marble Berks county, for some time longer, at entaoieture, bearing the date of a brief which latter place he was buried, accord¬ memorial. ing to his own aute-mortom request. A Rev. John J.Zufall succeeded Mr. Otter- memorial stone, with suitable inscriDtion hem at Tulpehocken and served this marks his resting place. He died in Leb¬ charge rrom 1765 to 1769. There is not anon, Sept. 14. 1801. \v hatever may have much recorded concerning this pastor’s been the influence of Lis gospel teach¬ work or career lrom which the" writer ings, his medical skill was admitted, and could trace a life sketch. j Irom his saddle bags he oft took cures for i.r, i V‘ ^illiam Heudel, sr., served Tulpe-1 .he body. We know not the result of his hocken from 1769 to 1782. He arrived in offers of the water of eternal life. Among this country from his native Falatinatein. his remedies was a popular preparation 1764, and assumed charge at Lancaster.! known as “Stoy's Drops,” and an effec¬ , rom thence he came to Tulpehocken I tual cure for hydrophobia. laboring here during the Revolutionary. Rev. John Waidschmidt, who] served Wf\r./>eriod‘ , Aiter aa efficient ministry Tulpehocken from 1757 to 1753, was also a car9’116 returnecl to Lancaster, in native of Germany, and one of the 6 1/94 he accepted a call to Fhila., laboring , pastors whom Mr. Schlatter induced to here during that period of trial occa-! labor in the American field. He was first sioned by the pestilence, which plague stationed in Lancaster county*' and from H?amyymade~111111 its ending in. thence supplied this church fpr nearly a aeath L.ept. 23, 1798. He is buried by the! years. He died in September,' 1786, and fn'^ ?n,aay of fiis .ministerial brethren, B lies'; buried in, tlie Swamp (Lancaster in f ranklin square, .Fhila. Dr. Helmuth, j U county) church yard, a stone fittingly in- fLvmi ^uthe,raa church, his warm andj I scribed marking the spot. faithful friend-, preached at his obsequies,! ’ . ftev. Wm. Otterbein, another German, from the text H Samuel 1: 26. Dr. Har-1 , succeeded Mr. Waidschmidt iu this baugh called Heudel “the St. John ol the 1 charge in 1.758., He likewise was one oil Reformed church.” A friend composed a Kev. bchlatter's 6 apostles, induced byi special hymn on his death. I1 ! .liis appeal to leave home and native land wc in the interests of the Reformed Zion in Rev. Andrew Loretz, the next pastor ' / America. He, with the other 5, was or- ?Yas a sort of unaccountable personage in i '1.alned t0 the gospel ministry at the annals ot the Reformed church, j Hague, and accompanied their earnest whose parentage and general history is leader across the mighty deep in 1752 A “ative of Switzerland, he! He was e youth of 20 when lie arrived’ came to America in 1784, and the next and avonce entered into an agreement; year settled at Tulpehocken, where he with the Lancaster congregation to serve mm" ?1S ,chburch ancl the ones at Swa- them for 5 years. He established HH ’swfo‘aei b1rst0-wn’ LefiaQ°o and Hill. order and discipline iu the church His Swiss dialect is said to have inter- introducing the time-honored custom tered with his usefulness here and he,! of. each communicant’s personal inter¬ fh?!\S00a returned to Europe, leav-i view with the pastor (Anmeldung) a day ing this charge again vacant in 1786. or two prior to the communion, 'The i7weV' waniel W.agner succeeded him ini original paper drawn up by him and i, ■ -iae was born in the duchv of Dgned by 80 members of his liock, is pre¬ JNassau, Germany, but came with his served in the archives of the Lancaster agCr0atL£t?,^ls c.0U!ltry when 2 years of ehurcli. He was a successful in givin- age, settled temporarily ia Chester strength and stability to this congrega¬ theUir£L bUt after a Jew -VcLs takTng up tion—laduciog them to erect during his Kertc1 anent abodo 5a Bera township. ministry a, massive stone church edTfice Boras county, Fa. He labored in the which stood almost a century before it ministry in lrork county for 15 years was displaced by the present brick struc¬ where h!SUmiDR charge at Tulpehocken, ture. He resigned iu 1758 and assumed where he remained 4 years, when he again charge at Tulpehocken, only as tem¬ returned to York, remaining 9 years! porary supply at first, which con-1 ,°?eer. wnen he settled at Frederick, Md Unued. however, for several years. From Alter a few more years’ labor here he i became disabled, removing back to York | / / Ended in 1810, only to die and be buried there, In March, 1864. which occurred in December of the same “Iam the Resurrection ana the Life, &c. year. There many of his descendants still i His brother, Charles, succeeded and- reside. . rserved V> l Y ova tho church for-— 30( years•'- longer.-- He Kev. Dr. William Hendel, jr., eldest son lies burled near bis urother, and a granite of the senior Hendel, succeeded llev. Wag¬ ishaft tells this story: ner. He was under the tutelage of the cel¬ Kev. Chari, kb H. Leix each, D. D.i ebrated Lutheran dirines, Drs. Kunze Korn Nov. 7, 1815, | and Heilmuth, graduating later from Co- Died jJ lumbia college, N. Y., and from the New Julv 15, 1883. ^Brunswick theological seminary, lie “He Glveili ilia Beioved Sleep.” Pastor Tulpeliocken Charge Mar 1,1863 :was ordained in 1793, and at once as¬ to July, 1883, sumed charge at Tulpehocken, remaining I Since 1884 Pastor Welker has done good 30 years. He was a progressive man, work here, and continues his successful 'much in advance of his brethren of that 'day in point of liberal thought. For his habors. (advocacy of missions and the establish¬ ment of a theological seminary of his 'church he was violently vltrsecuted. It | was by his casting vote, as president of From, 'synod, that the first theological sem¬ inary of the Reformed church was estab¬ lished. In 1833 he resigned several of his churches and removed to Womeledorf, where he continued to preach 6 years longer, when he retired from the sacred office,only preaching occasionally as sup¬ Date, ply for hisbrethren after that date. He 1 Died at Womelsdorf, on June 11, 1S4G, and (there was buried. At his funeral the Rev. John C. Bucher, of Reading, who was one REV&LUTfONARY. HEROES. of the officiating clergymen, made the Col. startling statement at the request of de¬ George Nagel and Capt. Peter ceased tlfat he (the deceased) had lived * Nagel, of Reading. l and preached all his years with a mere Frank D. Nagle, 336 North 6th, a well- i theoretical knowledge of the religion and Down citizen, has spent his leisure mo¬ j the grace of Hod, and that ho had never ments during the past 3 years in prepar¬ jenjoyed the favor and pardon of Hod in its ing a genealogy of the Nagle family. He 'fullest and experimental sense before im¬ i* lias examined the Colonial Records, Wat- pending death opened his eyes to his sou’s Annals and musty records of differ¬ dreadful situation. He then called on ent kinds, and has had quite an extensive Hod and found peace. By request this correspondence with members of the statement was to be made at his funeral Nagle family m different sections of the to warn other pastors against a false trust country. Judge Daniel Agnew, of Beaver, !or hope, and to urge his own members to in published genealogical sketches, reters seek the Lord’s pardon and experimental ‘to Col. George Nagel and Capt. Peter grace while it was yet day. The Lein- Nagel, of Reading. Frank D. Nagle says- bach brethren, Thomas and Charles, in ihe-e sketches were published from notes turn succeeded Dr. Hendel at Tulpehocken he had prepared. j and served the charge for more than 50 COL. GEOKGE NAGEL. (years. They were both well adapted for George, sou of Joachim Nagel, was born (this field and under the ministry of the n Isenberg, about 3 miles from the city former some of the greatest improvements of Cobientz, in the Rhenish province of I of the church were made—such as the southern Prussia, about the year 1740. building of tho present churcti edifice,and His father came to America, landing at the celebration of the centennial of the Lila, from the ship “Brothers,” Sept. 16, church in 1817, all of which helped to 1751. The father was a miller by profes¬ strengthen the cause of the congregation. sion and settled in Douglass township, He also succeeded in dividing the large near the couliuence of the Ironstone and' membership into 3 congregations and thus Manatawny, Berks county, where lit establlshiug the Reformed congregation erected a stone grist mill, which) at Myerstown and building that euitice. after his death passed into the possession He died at Millersburg, Berks county, on of his youngest son John, and remained Thursday, March 31, 1864, having there jin the family name until about the year been seized with violent sickness, while 1870. This mill has since been enlarged, officiating on the preceding Sunday. His but the walls of the original structure funeral was a solemn occasion, attended seem to be as firm as when erected nearly by a largo concourse of people, when sev¬ 150 years ago. Owing to the poor quality eral sermons were preached, the principal of the land, Joachim Nagel rented the | one by Dr. J. S. Dubbs, of Allentown, mill and moved to the iimestoue region ( who was a ciassmhte of his, and a mutual of the Tulpehocken, but owing to the In¬ friend throughout life—they having mar¬ dian troubles shortly after tbeir settle- / ried each other. Mr. Leinbach was the ment they were driven to Reading, where/ ;first person buried in the new cemetery they remained a number of years, and \ |at Tulpehocken, and a marble monument thou, with his youngest sou and 3 daugh- I marks the site of his resting place, close ters, returned to tho old homestead in J ■ to its entrance near the church. The fol-( Douglass township. In the Fritz bury- / lowing inscription is engraved thereon; ing ground is an old tombstone with this In Memory of inscription in German: Rl£V. THOMA’I E. LFIN-BACH, Pastor of this Con¬ “Here rest the remains of the former gregation lor 33 years. well known Joachim Nagel. He was Commenced in March, 1826, born on February 21, 1706, and died July 36, 1775, being eighty-nine years, five ^cv Dehor 1764 ho was indentured jib's" and three weeks old. My - son, of Reading, to learn the rests in God’s hands, the land Is*nhers iv- trade, and in 1772 he engaged in business my fatherland, there was 1 born. Christ for himself; shortly after he married Rebecca lmler. Tbeir children were as " KcSm^aceVs ^mily consis^d of follows: ...... six children, four sons and two daughters. i. Elizabeth; m. Capt. William Old. i Geolge; m. Rebecca Lincoln. ii. Hattie; in. Jacob K. Boyer. ii. Frederick. . Hi. Maria; m. George Buehler. Hi. Peter; m. Maria Miller. iv. Rebecca; m. Nicholas ,Coleman,'- father of Wm. N. Coleman. d. Catharine; m. Elias Youngman. : v. Catharine; m.-Kimmel; they set¬ m Mar a civet: m.-Geyer. . tled near Pinegrove, Pa. _ The son, George, from his provincial vi. Peter; in. Busan Filbert. and revolutionary record, must have beei^i nii. George; m. Ellen Woods. a born soldier, having frequently been en-^ ganed in lively skirmisnes with the French j During the Revolutionary struggle Peter Nagle took an active part. In and Indians, in 1764 he was commis¬ August, 1777, with his employees as a; sioned an ensign and given the command nucleus,he organized a company of which of twelve men, stationed at one of me, he was elected captain, being the second, frontier forts located along the sout.hern company of the Fourth battalion,Colonel; slope of the Blue mountains. He con Joseph Hiester. After the campaign of; uoued in the frontier service until 1<6S, j that vear ne was detailed with his com¬ when he married Rebecca Lincoln, daugh¬ pany to guard the large numberof Hessian ter of Mordecai Lincoln, and the sister oi - prisoners at Reading, the prison camp; President Lincoln’s great-grandfather. then being erected on the southern slope: He then settled down to mercantile busi¬ of Mount Penn,near the Mineral Springs.; ness. They had one son, Jacob, who was At the close of the war lie resumed his lost at sea, and a daughter, who married business. Several years after the death Thomas McCartle, of Westminster Mary¬ of his first wife he married Sarah, the land. lu Juno, 1775, whoa widow of Isaac High and daughter of 'reached Tenn’a regarding the battle of Wm. Hottenstein, who was a commissary Lexington, at once George Nagel raised during the Wav of the Revolution. Their ;/a company for the Continental servtce, of children were: 1 which he was commissioned captain,June 1. Harriet; m. Uaniel Mears. ;a 1775. This company was among the 2. Susan; m. Jacob Boyer. ! first iroops west of the Hudson to reach 3. John H. Nagel; m. Mary Kunsman. Cambridge, arriving on Tuesfd^y, Thev were the parents of Frank D.Nagle, IS 1775. On the evening of me 323 North 6tn, and Morton I. Nagle, Allen-1 August following, Captain Nagel,jait his company, was ordered tomarch.at, town. vfc m i.sunset, without beat of drum to 1 °ughed Upon the election of General Mffiin to the governorship of Penu’a, Capt. Peter ■Hill, within 300 yards of the enemym encampment, to cover a party of Nagel was appointed one of the justices! k,000 musket men, who were at work en of the peace by Gov. Mifflin in 1793 and held the office until his death. He was! /trenching Ploughed Hill. They the lor many years an elder of the First Re¬ -U hard all night, and at daybreak had the A entrenchment nearly completed when the formed church. Frank J). NFasle^said V English opened a cannonade, which con to the Eagle: “1 can now, in ray nnHTLk r tinued nearly ail day. The men composing eye, see him sitting in the official pew alongside his colleague, General and ex- f Capt. Nagel’s company were riflemen, ac , customed to use their guns upon the fron- Gov. Joseph Hiester, with ruffled shirt 1 tiers,and who never failed to hit 1 ho “ark fronts and hats on their heads during the services. As a boy then i remember ' at a long distance. They were the sharp j . shooters” of the war of the Revolution often admiring the large silver buckles ' -md everv British soldier or officer who they wore on their shoes. In figure, Capt. W(,; Ventured7 to show his head within range Nagel was 5 feet 11 inches in height, and “' suffered for his temerity. , about 180 pounds in weight, and had a **" On the 5th of January, 1776, Capt. Nagel military bearing. Capt. Peter Nagel died was promoted major of the 5th battalion ut Reading, Nov. 27, 1S34. under the command of Col. Robt. magaw, Several of Joachim Nagel’s younger and remained there in active service until brothers arrived in America years before he was promoted lieutenant colonel of the his immigration. Jacob arrived Aua. 29, J V 9ih regiment of the Penn’a line, Oct. 25, 1730, and was a taxable in Douglas town-1 i 1776, to rank from Aug. 21, 1776. His ser- ship in 1740, and subsequently settled in] / vice with the9lh regiment must nave been Upper Bern, and from him descen Ud the) ' very meritorious, for we find that he was Nagels of Lebanon, Dauphin acd Lancas^ subsequently promoted colonel of the 10th ter counties and along the BusqueLam a| ' | Fen n’a, Feb. 7, 1778. He continued with river. He was followed by JohD, Oi t 17,j ihat regiment until tbe_consolidation of i732, David, BeDt. 11, 1738, and Frederick ! the regiments; being a junior colone , ne W., Nov. 25, 1740. \ became a supernumary July 1, 1(78. ui Wm. N. Coleman has a life-size por¬ Col. Nagel’s subsequent service in the trait in oil of Capt. Peter Nagel, painted; iievolution we have little or no knowl¬ when the latter was about 40 years of age. i edge, save that he was instrumental in or¬ It shows his ruffled shirt front and high ganizing the militia for suosequent ser¬ coat collar. vice on the frontiers of Berks county. Col. Nagel died at Reading in 1789. CAPTAIN PETER NAGEL. Peter Nagel, the third son or Joachim Na"-el was born at Isenberg, Rhenish Prussia, October 31st, 1750 coming to America in the first ycar of his life. In

'•A ■ SWA- ■. 4 it

l The above is an excellent rear end view a good stale of preservation. As the con¬ ir- of the ola Lutheran church near Moselem, tents of the corner-stone disclosed, it was which was recently torn down so that the erected in 1761, when it gave way to a log- material could be used in the erection of a meeting house built in 174a. The rear new edifice. Outside of the famous wall was hexagonal and the roof shaped church, still standing at the Trappe, to a slope covering it the same way. T^e Montgomery county, this is believed to graveyard surrounding contains the last have been the oldest Lutheran house of resting places of some of the first settlers worship in America, and regret has been in that section of the county. The above expressed in many quarters that the is one of eight views taken by Photogra¬ building could not have been left standing pher W. A. Dietrich, of Kutztown, whos as an historic landmark, as it was still in is selling the pictures at 30 cents each.cli. f 1 history of North Heidelburg Church is an in¬ teresting one. Nearly 170 years ago a large number of Moravians located in that section, and in 1744 decided to build a meeting house of their own. It became a flourishing charge, and connected with it was a parochial school. After nearlj-100 years the congregation began to decline, and in 1835 Lu- j theran and Reformed congregations were or- I ganizecl, and the few Moravians who re¬ Bate, mained deeded to them the church property. In 1816 tie century-old meeting house gave place to a plain brick edifice, and this has now been remodeled and greatly improved. NORTH HEIDELBERG CHURCH DEDICATED. In the graveyard adjoining lie the remains of some of the first settlers in this section [SPECIAL TO THE PUBLIC LEDGER. 1 of Reading, May 13.—The remodeled historic Pennsylvania. The eccentric Baron Stiegel, iNorth Heidelberg Church and new organ famous in Colonial history, is generally sup¬ were dedicated to-day. The edifice is located posed to be buried here. . -- near Bernville, this county, and it is esti¬ mated that S030 people were present. Revs. W. W. Kramlicb, Thomas Calvin Leiiibacb| and others officiated. Tne new organ is a handsome aud fine-toned instrument. The MB ■ Church, Lancaster, a son of the I astor, spoke on “The changing and the unchanging, lhe Rev Robert Boeder, or Norristown, followed with an address. The opening hymn was “ My Chuich, My Church, My Dear Old Church, My Fatber’sand My Own. This afternoon Rev. E. F. Kerver,of Boston, Mass.; the Rev. Charles L. Fry and the Rev. Robert Roedcr delivered addresses. To-night Professor M. H. Richards, D._D., ot Muhlenberg College, Allentown, and Rev. Frauk F. Fry, cf Bethlehem, also a son of the Pastor, delivered addresses to a large audi¬ Hortli Heidelberg ClmrcU Dedicated. ence. During the service a hymn, composed for the occasion by Rev. Dr. Fry, Pastor, en¬ The remodeled historic North Heidel¬ titled “One Hundred Years Ago,” was sung berg church and new organ were dedicated with great effect. There was special music; on Sunday. The edifie is located near by an augmented choir, who sang The Beanville, Berks county, and it is esti¬ Deum.” by Stainer; ‘^Magnificat Festival, mated that 3,000 people were present. in G, by Gilchrist, and “Awake! Awake! Revs. W. W. Kramlich, Thomas Calvin Put on Thy Strength, ’ ’ by Stainer. Leinbach and others officiated. The Altogether it was a notable day in the his-| tory or Trinity Congregation. j new organ is a handsome and fine- When the ancient edifice was dedicated on| toned instrument. The history ofl Trinity Sunday, 1794, the Rev. Dr. J. H. b., Nerth Heidelberg church is an in- j H°lmuth, of Philadelphia, preached the ser¬ teres ting one. Nearly 170 years ago a| mon. The Rev. Emanuel Shutlze, President large number of Moravians located in of the Synod, performed the act of dedica¬ that section, and in 1744 decided to build tion and the entire Lutheran Synod, attend-1 a meeting house of their own. It became inga meeting in that year in Reading, was present. As Reading was a mere village in] a flourishing charge, and connected with 1794 and as the congregation was poor and it was a parochial school. After nearly times were hard, owing to the Revolutionary! 100 years the congregation began to de¬ War just closed, the erection of such a stalely cline, and in 1835 Lutheran and Re¬ edifice was thought a most remarkable event. formed congregations were organized, A subscription list was then started in and the few Moravians who remained Philadelphia, and men who had signed the Declaration of Independence contributed to. eeded to them the church property. the erection of this edifice. Another interest- . 1846 the century-old meeting house ing fact Is that Rev. Tobias Wagner the. ive place to a plain brick edifice, and reputed organizer of lhe congregation in L4o, lis has now been remodeled and greatly officiated at the wedding of Rev. Henry Mel-: vrmproved. In the graveyard adjoining choir Muhlenberg, tlio patriarch of the Luth¬ 'lie the remains of some of the first set¬ eran Church in American, to Anna Mary, tlers in this section of Pennsylvania. daughter of Conrad Weisser, the famous! Pennsylvania German pioneer. From tins (The eccentric Baron Stiegel, famous in marriage there have descended a long line ofl Colonial history, is generally supposed to men distinguished in the Slate aud nation,^ ■’ e buried there. in the farm, on the field and in the pulpit. / . - - '

From,

Date, jL/.yim

. [SPECIAL TO THE PUBLIC LEDGES.] ’ Reading, May 20.-^Contemporaneous with the present meajjpag of the Pennsylvania Lu¬ theran Minlstcrimn in Philadelphia there was Celebrated here to-day the cainennlal an¬ niversary of Trinity.Lutheran Church build¬ ing, whose congregation is am ng the largest in Reading and which,.was among the first to connect itself with thf'Synod of the latter’s organization more than 140 years ago. O.d Trinity was elaborately decorated. The chan¬ cel and pulpit were one mass of ferns and flowers in bloom. The sermon this morning j was to have been preached by Rev. Dr. G. F. Krotel, of New York, ex-President of the Pennsylvania Ministerium. He arrived ini (his city last.night, .put was taken ill. and, by advice of his physician, did not leave the house. Dr. Krotel’s illness is of the nature of nervous prostration . and is not considered serious. At the service this forenoon .the Rev. Charles L. Fry, Pastor of Trinity Lutheran at once noted that Rev. Dr. F. Krotel was absent. Subsequently ry announced his regret to announce that Dr. Krotel, who had arrived in Read¬ I From, ing on Saturday, had been suddenly Eeized with nervous prostration and that he would not be able to attend any of the C/Lr, services of the day. Key. Keever conducted the opening 1 services, confession and absolution, and I Rev. F. L. Fry read tbe epistle for Trin¬ Date, ity bunday. The choir sang the magnifi¬ cat, followed by the gospel and Apostles’ creed, after which the congregation sang with much spirit, “My Church! My Trinity ioo years Church! My Dear Old Church! My CENTENNIAL services of trin- Fathers’ and My Own.” EXERCISES 100 TEAKS AGO. The absence of Dr. Krotel caused a change of programme. In his sermon he Brief* Outline would haye referred to the ever memo¬ the rable scene at 6th and Washington sts., 1100 years ago, when the members of the Lutheran ministerium assembled in the old log Trinity church, and, with the congregation of about 430 communi¬ cants, marched in procession at 9 a. m. to the new church, completely filling the building, then the most prominent in the small town of Reading. It was Sunday, June 15, 1794. When the opening service was completed the con¬ gregation sang “Komra Teiliger Geist, Herr Gott." The entire de¬ dicatory morning service 100 years ago was in German. Then Rev. E. Schultze, (the president of the synod, standing be¬ fore the altar,dedicated the churcb,naming jit “Trinity.” After prayer an anthem, es¬ pecially written for the occasion, was sung by the singing school. The congrega¬ tion next sang, “O, Jesu Christe, Wahres Licht.” Then Rev. J. H. C. Hel- rnutb, of Phila., entered the pul¬ pit, which was then on the west; side of the church, and preached the1 [dedicatory sermon, taking his text from II Cor. 6:16. “Ye are the temple of tho living God.” Rev. Helmuth, in his diary said, bis sermon was serious anddoclama-1 tory. The hymn “Lobet den Horrn” fol¬ lowed. Rev. H. E. Muhlenberg.of Lancas¬ ter, preached in the afternoon on i Tim., 1.15. In the evening there was English [TRINITY LUTHERAN CnUKOH, 100 TEAKS OLD. preaching, but 'Trinity’s church rec- jords do not give the name of J The centennial anniversary of the com¬ the preacher. Rev. Schultze preached the pletion of Trinity Lutheran church build- synodical sermon on Monday morning zn ins was fitly celebrated yesterday. Des¬ in the churcb. He was from Tulpe- pite the rainstorm, the edifice was well liocken. At this dedication 100 years filled bv 10 o’clock when the services be¬ ago, there were present clergymen aud I gan. At every seat was a printed parapn- lay delegates from all over east Penn’a, let of the programme of the special exer¬ I Phila., Germantown, Lancaster, Cham-1 cises. The chancel, altar and pulpit were bersburs, Sunhury, Culpepper, Virginia;' splendidly decorated with flowers, grow¬ Hudson, N. Y.; Taneytown and other! ing plants and electric lights, and when distant points, all of whom had to cornel the speaking began an extra current of either on horseback or by stage. The \ electricity was turned on and there blazed organ and choir were in tho west gallery. forth in bright lights hieh above the pulpit the figures “100,” the figures being Rev. C. F. Wildbahn was the pastor in charge. formed by incandescent electric light globes the size of an egg. The effect was The pulpit had a sounding board sus¬ striking and appropriate. pended over it. A shelf projected beyond / Aiier the organ voluntary by Prof. the front of the pulpit on which the Bible) Benbow, fbe congregation sang the hymn, rested, and on its under side a large eye was painted. This old pulpit is now “Holy, Holy, Holy,Lord God Almighty,” after which the clergymen entered the stored away in the belfry, and many yes¬ cbancel in the following order: Lev. C. terday regretted that it was not placed on Fry, of Lancaster; Pier. E. F. Keever, public view in some way, the same as tho ston; Rev. F. L. Fry, Bethlehem; old pewter communion tankards were. D. Boeder, [Norristown. ' " ' yesterday's exercises. •mbers of Trinity and the pastor, After the announcement of Dr. KrotoVs Dr. J. Fry. illness yesterday, Rev. C. L. Fry eaterer miSulpit, and spoke without text, on O may we rise at last, cbangos of time, and in church build* l-’rom out the Church below, o-g uad decorations and forms of church And share their joys who gained the crown orship, aud the never changing charac¬ Au hundred years ago. ter of the Lord Jesus Christ. He re- The doxology and benediction by Dr. ferrred to Lutheranism in America in the Frv closed tho morning exercises. early days and the character of the fa the afternoon, Kev. lloeder spoke on first preachers, lime has wrought “the Good bhepherd,” and made suitable wonderful material changes, but the allusion to the 30 years’ pastorate ot Dr. gospel is ever fresh, ever interesting, ever new. Taste and fashions change but the ilev. Keever next spoke, his address be- » sweet story of Jesus never changes and ing chiefly a historical review. is always now. Our forefathers would The evening services were opened with probably have said that these memorial an orgaD voluntary followed by the windows, marble altar and chancel furni¬ usual service, led by Uev. C. L. -Fry. ture were popish, but we think them a scripture lesson was read by Kev. Boeder. consistent ornament and a thing of grace Alter the singing ot a hJmn-lh® firsA and beauty, it is not only necessary that dress was delivered by Rev. M. H. Rich- a church should be a thing of general ards. on the “Book of human life., ltj utility, that the roof should protect you can be written in i volumes—1st, antici- from storm, that the walls have no pation or preparation; 2d, realization, i breaks and the carpets no rents, but that aud 3d, retrospection. . it be ornamental and pleasing. Rev. Frank Fry followed, his subject We can be thankful that we live in a being the “Work of the Christian church century in which we are not compelled to for the people.” From their baptism to submit to the serfdom of our forefathers, their burial the church is ever present, with limited railroad facilities and other fie referred to the present glad centennial inconveniences. On this centennial day, i jubilee of old Trinity aud rejoiced with , memories come crowding in upon us. the congregation. , . n Wo look back on the old church, the Kev. Keever also spoke briefly on tne, old windows, the soiled paint and work of the church yet to be done. j threadbare carpets. bo it has been The committee of decorations consisted! with the souls of some of us. it is a of Mrs. Jefferson bnyder, Misses bue, pity if, with somfe, they must relin¬ Mohr and Lillie Bushong, and Messrs. quish their whole life in order to take a Jerome L. Boyer ana VV. b. Mohr, niein-j fresh start. It should not be hard to dis¬ hers of tho vestry. tinguish a church from an opera house, Just before the close of the services, but, if you cannot, then something must Dr. Fry made the announcement that the! be wrong. it la surely not because the $1,000, which was still due for improve¬ world is becoming degenerate, but be- ments, had been raised. , cause the church is becoming too secular. pit. KROTEL WELL ENOUGH TO LEAVE. I \ tjo with a man’s religion. It is difficult, Dr. Krotel, who arrived baturday, and to tell which is the Christian and which was stopping with Mrs. JVIuhlenbeig, 4th, ;ie not. Then something is radically and Court sts., arose Sunday morning not (wrong. The Holy Ghost is the only fefeling well and owing to the rain, de-| ^spiritual artificer of tho spirit, and His cided to remain indoors. This is the soc-j a' work is always well done. end disappointment of Dr. Krotel lor i ■ Rev. Roeuer then ascended the pulpit Trinity the past few years. Dr. Krotel, W and spoke on the theme, “Her children Dr Fry and the other ministers left at 8 W shall rise up and bless her.” He referred a. rn. for the Lutheran ministetium at ‘ to Trinity as a venerable old mother and Phila. I . told how her children had gathered in - the century just past and how they are still gathering to do honor to the congre¬ gation by repeating the teachings of the church, obeying her warnings and loving and venerating her precepts, Hr. Fry followed in a few remarks on , the centennial occasion, and the elaborate I decorations, all of which was jusily and -■-'-y appropriately in honor of the event. Too \ much could not have been done. After the singing of the Te Deum by the choir during the special collection, a hymn (written for the occasion by Dr. Fry) was sung, as foliows: All hall the Triune God ! Another Chapter of the Histoi*f of “JThe^ His glory let us show; The God whoso praise our lathers sang Palatinates.” An hundred years ago. After all the trials, sufferings and hard-l AU hail the blessed Truth! Our heritage to know: ships of this colony, from the time they! The lid ill our fathers hero confessed Au h u ud red y ea rs ago. were driven out of the Palatinate up to h All hail our Mother Church 1 the time of their settlement in Tulpebocb-(i Our home In weal or woe; The house of God, our fathers built en, it seemed to them, that at last, tiny I An hundred years ago. were to ha ve peac i and happiness. But] May these dear, sacred walls lie kept from every foe; in this tht y were fearfully mistaken. For j And trniy bear Uie Name received An hundred years ago. early in November, 1755 during the,;

Here may our feet abide; French and Indian war, the Indians madel Our souls with ardorglow, To consummate the work begun an irruption into the valleys east of the| An hundred yearsago. Tuscarora mountains, and committed hor-|

5: against the Conolloway!^ rible depredations along the frontiers are Delawares and Shawnese. That gjj Pennsylvania and Virginia. The atroci- against the Cove i3 under the command- , ties at Tulpehocken were heartrending. of Shingas, the Delaware king. They Governor Morris in a message to the burned houses, and such of the in- J , council on the 24th of December, 1754, habitants as could not escape were j says, “this province never was in more ini- I either slaughtered or made prisoners.” minent dauger than it is at present,having as you know, a very large body of French SURRENDER OF CAPTIVES. vi troops in the back parts of it, assisted by Early in the spring of 1764 the Indians a great number of Indians in their alliance, renewed their depredations along the Peter Spycker writes to Conrad Weiser, Pennsylvania and Virginia fr)ntier3, 16th November, 1755, “The Indians kill ; murdering and pillaging in isolated par ed the watch, killed another man. We ties that were difficult or impossible to saw four Indians sitting on children scalp¬ pursue. General G'.ge, commander of Co ing them, three of the children were dead the British forces in North America, sentlj and two were alive—found six more dead two strong expeditions into the Indian H bodies, four of them scalped, The Indians country. Colouel Boquet marched down - here burned four plantations. the Tuscararras (uow in 0 li >) and l John Elder writes, “Upwards of forty erected barracks and cabins at the “Forks persons massacred in the portions of th s of the Muskingum,” in the midst of the V and Cumberland county, a great many Indian villages. The Indians sued for \ carried into captivity”—iated Paxton,9th j peace, and agreed to surrender all the | , November, 1755. Edward Biddle writes, !captives they held, at a conference held “Thirty Indians were engaged with as by Colonel Boquet with the chiefs of the many white persons at Tulpehocken, 18 Senecas, on 17th October, 1764. Eigh- —' miles west of Reading. It appears that teen white prisoners and 83 children were the Indians had passed the Blue mount¬ surrendered. ains, broke into the county of Berks, and Colonel Boquet met the Senecas, Dela- were there committing murder, devasta¬ wares and Shawnese on 31st Octobsr, tion and other horrid mischief.” 1764. Over forty white prisoners were The sheriff of Cumberland county re¬ surrendered. November 2, 1764, s xty. 3 ported to the governor the depredations five prisoners were surrendered. Ou committed by the Indians in the upper the surrender of JJ00 prisoners, and ] part of that county. giving hostages as a security for restoring He said twenty-seven plantations were all that yet remain in their possession, (burned and a great quantity of cattle and that they should commit no fu-ther illed, that a woman, 93 years of age, was hostilities, the governor issued a proclama¬ jfound killed, with her breast torn open, tion of peace with the tribes. land a stake run through her body—that At the Forks of the Muskingum 206 (of 93 families which were settled in the captives were delivered to Colonel Bo¬ two Coves, and the Conolloway, 47 were quet, and about 100 in the following killed or taken, and the rest deserted.” spring. The campaign had been entirely Letters from El. Shippen dated 4th successful. Some of the captives were July, 55, giving an account of the not identified when first delivered, and murder of some people near the fort at were carried to Carlisle, where the people Shippensburg, show that 15 or 20 men, assembled from near and far to find their women and children are missing, sup lost ones, Colonel Boquet hiving adver¬ posed to be conveyed away by the In- tised for those who had lost children to idians. Mr. Trent writes from Ship¬ come there and reclaim them. M iny of pensburg, 4th October, 1755, “At Patter¬ this little band of captives had been cap¬ son’s Creek there are forty killed and tured when very young, and had grown taken, and one whole family was burned up to boyhood and girlhood in the wig. £ to death in a house. The Indians de¬ warn of the Indian, having learned the stroy all before them, fifing houses birns language of the savage, and forgotten land stockyards, and everything that will their own. What an interesting romance iburn. Benjamin Chambers writes 2id could be written of these Palatinate chil¬ [November, 1755, “The Great C >ve is de- dren. jstroyed. There are 100 Indiaas and they On the settlement of Pennsylvania, in are divided into two parts. Tne one part 1782. by William Penn, the counties of Ito go against the Cove, and the other nrz'iL - ■ next will contain tho names o! the Pa’at- ■ ?5adelphia, Berks and Chester were es-L ; mates and the vessels upon which they I Jtablished. The Palatinates, therefore were brought to Philadelphia, and the! 1 upon their arrival at Philadelphia, gener date of their oath of allegiance. The ex 1 ‘• ally settled in the county of Philadelphia. tracts contained'rm the last article msyg As other counties were organized—Mont febe found in Colonial R cords v

Hschool houses and churches, they trained,, JLPennsylvania and Virginia.* O- The atroci |pup their children in the fear and admoni¬ ties at Tulpehocken were heartrending.*

tion of the Lord. And when the land! VTUVOmuiGovernor Morris in —a message '- to thel^- _ - . r. T-v - X Hi of their adoption needed their services to council on the 24th of December, 1754,* repel invasion from abroad and crush says, “this province never was in more im-H rebellion at home they willingly gave up minent dauger than it is at present.having k Itheir lives and their fortunes. as you know, a very large body of E'rencnD

Many of the descendants of the Palat¬ troops in the back parts of it, assisted byH inates "have held high and honorable a great number of Indians in their alliance, ffi positions in the state government. Among Peter Spycker writes to Conrad Weiser.B 1 these may be named the following, to 16th November, 1755, “The Indians kill a , wit: ed the watch, kiUed another man. We I ; Govkbxor—Simon Snyder, John Andrew saw four Indians sitting on children scalp Shultz, George Wolf, Joseph Ritner and mg them, three of the children were dead William Bigler. „ _ . Judges of the Sufhkmb COURT-Fred and two were alive—found six more dead bodies, four of them scalped. The Indians! Derick Smith, John Trunkey and Christopher here burned four plantations. JwHeydrick. y? Auditor General—David Mann, Isaac John Elder writes, “Upwards of foriygJ Slenker and William P. Schell. persons massacred in the portions of th s| j I Secretary of the Commonwealth I ilsaac Barnhard, Jesse Miller, William M.. and Cumberland county, a great many!j | Hiester. Eli Slifer, William 8. Stenger andl carried into captivity”—rated Paxton,9thH HI Jacob H. Longetiecker. November, 1755. Edward Biddle writes,| > Secretary of the Land Office—John *;Klinger Smith, Jr. “Thiriy Indians were engaged with as;, j Surveyor General—f cob Spingler,] many white persons at Tulpehocken, 181 j -■wGabiel Hiester and W. M Keim. State The usurer—Job M mo. miles west of Reading. It appears that|J Adjutant General—Adam Ditlen and the Indians had passed the Blue mount-18 ■George W. Bowman ains, broke into the county of Barks andj* This article closes the series. BH were there committing murder, aevasta Colonel Boquet met the Senecas, tion and other horrid mischief.” wares and Shawnese on 31st Oetobsr, The sheriff of Cumberland county re¬ 1764. Over forty white prisoners were ported to the governor the depredations surrendered. November 2, 1764, s xty. committed by the Indiana in the upper five prisoners were surrendered. Ou I jpart of that county. 1 the surrender of 200 prisoners, and He said twenty-seven plantations were giving hostages as a security for restoring v burned and a great quantity of cattle all that yet remain in their possession, j killed, that a woman, 93 years of age, w&s and that they should commit no fu"ther I [found killed, with her breast torn ripen, hostilities, the governor issued a proclama¬ j'land a stake run through her body—that tion of peace with the tri bes. § of 93 families which were settled in the At the Forks of the Muskingum 206 K’l j two Coves, and the Conolloway, 47 were captives were delivered to Colonel Bo¬ I |killed or taken, and the rest deserted.” quet, and about 100 in the following “ j Letters from Ei. Shippen dated 4th spring. The campaign had been entirely | July, 1755, giving an account of the successful. Borne of the captives were k [murder of some people near the fort at not identified when first delivered, and „ Shippensburg, show that 15 or 20 men, were carried to C triisle, where the people r women and children are missing, sup¬ assembled from near and far to find their posed to be conveyed away by the In- lost ones, Colonel Boquet hiving adver¬ jdians. Mr. Trent writes from Ship- tised for those who had lost children tor, jj pensburg, 4th October, 1755, ‘‘At Patter- come there and reclaim them M kny of f. flrtnson’s ’a CreekO .no). theretknwn aren -n fortyf/i.,' killed and this little band of captives had been cap¬ . taken, and one whole family was burned tured when very young, and had grown s j to death in a house. The Indians de- up to boyhood and girlhood in the wig¬ istroy all before them, firing houses birn9 wam of the Indian, having learned the and stockyards, and everything that will, language of the savage, and forgotten burn. Benjamin Chambers writes 2 id their own. What an interesting romance November, 1755, ‘The Great C >ve is de¬ #9 could be written of these Palatinate chil¬ stroyed. There are 100 Indians and they dren. are divided into two parts. The one part On the settlement of Pennsylvania, in to go against the Cove, and the other 1782, by William Penn, the counties ofi part against the Conolloways. They Philadelphia, Berks and Chester were es are Delawares and Shawnese. That part, tablished. The Palatinates, therefore against the Cove is under the command, upon their arrival at Philadelphia, generi of Shingas, the Delaware king. They ally settled in the county of Philadelphia. . burned houses, and such of the in As other counties were organized—Mont habitants as could not escape were' gomery, in 1784; Lancaster, in 1729 ; either slaughtered or made prisoners.” York, in 1749 ; Cumberland, in 1750 SURRENDER OP CAPTIVES. Berks and Northampton, in 1752, they; Early in the spring of 1764 the Indians ji gradually spread over these counties. renewed their depredations along thef After the old military road, known as Pennsylvania and Virginia frontiers, the ‘‘Forbes Road,” was built in 1758 murdering and pillaging in isolated par¬ and Colonel Boquet’s march was made] ties that were difficult or impossible to over the Allegheny mountains to Fort| pursue. General Gage, commander of,® Pitt in 1764, these people followed these the British forces in North America, sent 9 trails westward. Now their descendants two strong expeditions into the Indian J may be found in every county in Penn country. Coloael Boquet marched down g . sylvania and in every state and territory the Tuscararras (aow in O li >) anil r . Z T [in the United States, and also in C mada. if- 9 erected barracks and cabins at the "Forks ■! In concluding this series of articles, it of the Muskingum,” in the midst of the ’> jmay be said with truth and justice, that Indian villages. The Indians sued for the Palatinates, and the Gordins in gen¬ peace, and agreed to surrender all the ;l eral, have done as much t> build up the captives they held, at a conference held I commonwealth of Pennsylvania, and to by Colonel Boquet with the chiefs of the 9 mouldi i iher _ I_ninstitution?, and v>/7 trvto developrlntTnl/an Senecas, on 17tu October, 1764. Eigh- B !her resources as the people of acyl teen white prisoners and 83 children were 9 [other nationality. They were in lustri ous, | surrendered. j patient, honest and f ugal. Taev were

. from Adam Drinklious, where _ ----- building had already been erected, in Excellent farmers. They were a Chris-U 1806 Jacob Maurer, sr., conveyed the tian people, and favored education, j! property to bis son, Jacob, who was the They felled the forest, they opined® landlord for many years. Caleb Harrison, of Union township, ex¬ farms, they built houses for themselves, * ecutor of Jacob Maurer, jr., dec d, sold and shelter for their cattle, they erected, the Black Bear property to William school houses and churches, they trained: Masser in 1846 for $5,420, who conducted the public house himself and in 1849 sold up their children in the fear and admon'-1 the property to George Hill, who was the tion of the Lord, And when the land' well-known landlord of the place for vears. After his death his son, Levi Hill, of their adoption needed their services to accepted the property at the appraise¬ repel invasion from abroad and crush ment, conducted the place himself and in rebellion at home they willingly gave up : ** April, 1887, sold out to Franklin P. Es-1 terlv for $17,000, who tore down the old their lives and their fortunes. 2-story stone building and erected, a large j Many of the descendants of the Palat¬ and hanclsonn hotel of modern style, which has become a favorite summer re¬ inates have held high and honorable sort. .... positions in the state government. Among Half a century ago the state muitia these may be named the following, to drilled in a field near the inn- and “a“J * rough and tumble fight occurred between “bullies” of Reading and young men of ^Governor—Simon Snyder, John Andrew) Exeter, the former going down specially Shultz, George Wolf, Joseph Ritner anc to fight. Participants, now aged over 70 years, are still living and fond of relating WSSS-WSr™ Supreme Court—Fred^ ‘how they whipped” a certain bully at lerlek Smith, John Trunkey and Christopher the Black Bear. Hugh Lindsay a well- Heydrick. ,, T known showman 50 years ago, often ex Auditor General -David Mann, Tsaac hibited “Punch and Judy” and other nov¬ iSlenker and William P. Schell. elties under canvas near the tavern to Secretary of the Commonwealth large and delighted audiences. . Tsaac Barnhavd, Jesse Miller, William M. The “Three-Mile house,” of which Wm. . HiesterL Eli Slifer, William S. Sfenger and R. Rein is the present landlord, has been 2-Jaeob H. LongeDecker. for many years a popular place of resort. Secretary of the Land Office- -John The “Reading driving park” was opened Klinger Smith, Jr. there in 1869, with a half mile Surveyor General—1 icoh Spmgler, track where vears before a race Gabiel Hiester and W. M Keim. course had already been c°u^r«cte(L State Treasurer—Job Mann. In olden times the Heading Adjutant General—Adam Dillen an d| road,” from the tavern in the [George W. P.owman of Reading, was used as a rav,e c°urse- This article closes the series. The1, From a white oak tree about 5 feet in diameter, near the hotel, to a sassatras next will contain the names ot the Palat¬ tree, was exactly halt a mile, and *na, y inates and the vessels upon which they ; an exciting race was runtherehalfacem tury and longer ago. i he tract °f la”d . were brought to Philadelphia, and the; connected with the tavern at present em¬ ‘ date of their oath of'allegiance. The ex¬ braces 54 acres. tracts contained in the last artic'emayj The Three-Mile house was a public house ■be found in Colonial Records, vo'urae 3, over 120 years ago, when it was owneu and conducted by George lLehm. He was S A Palatinate. succeeded by his son-in-law, Valentine Straub, and the latter was succeeded by his son-in-law, Jacob Shilling, each of whom successively conducted the place From,. for many years. In recent years the hotel has frequently changed landlords. Ow¬ i ing to the level road, which is generally in good condition, a great many citizens of Reading have been accustomed for years to drive in their private ances to the “3-Alile house” and further Date Hugh Jones, in Sept., 1734, devised a tract of 264 acres, including the 3-MUe house property, to his wife, Jane Jones, for life, and after her death to their son, ID BERKS TAVERNS. ■ David Jones, in fee, and a patent for the Well-Known Public Houses-Sorae ot property was given by the Henna to Jane and David, June 4, 1735. This was 17 Them Opened Over a Century A^o. years before Berk3 county was formed The tract of 100 acres of land connected and the tract was then In Robeson town¬ with the Black Bear inn was part ot the ship, Lancaster county. manor of Penn’s Mount. Jacob Maurer, David Jones sold the property in 1<53 “. established a tavern there before 1800, to Morgan Morgan for 165 Pounds, who when he was already a’ well-known inn¬ the following year sold it to Jacob vi eiss keeper. Mr. Maurer bought several tracts for 380 pounds. ,_ of different parties, portions of which George Riehm, who was a well-known are now included in the BlacZhilin I hotelkeeper, purchased the property of In 1787 he purchased a tract from Philip Mr Weiss in 1771 for 1,050 Pounds, and Durst in 1790 another and in 1800 a tract I Vinnneathed it in 1788 to his children, and- was taken in partition proceedings by William Fry for $625. The property then one of tbem, Edward Riekm, at tlie ap¬ included 33 acres. After Fry’s death his praised value of 5,100 pounds. eldest son, John, took it in partition pro¬ Lj? 1809 tile property, then 150 acres, was ceedings and in 1826 sold it to his mother, sold by the snerift as the estate of Edward Elizabeth Fry, for $2,000, including Riehm, and it was purchased by Valen 56 acres. She conducted the tavern awhile, jtine btraub, who was married to a daugh¬ then removed to Reading, and in 1839 ter of George Riekm. Jacob Shilling, who sold the property for $3,400 to Samuel | was married to a daughter of Valentine Keehn, a Reading merchant. Sheriff 1 rlr..'J st at present Partridge, April 1, 1850. In 1852 it was out 117. The "ifineorporated as the “Pcnna. military in¬ •es belongint stitute of Reading.” The scholars then is owned by ■Jr numbered 69. wn. Reuben’s ires, he hay- ,. Five farms •: 'rot. Wm. II. Halt as principal. The the family, Vpemalo_ High__ school” was organized wn as Bats fr*-—>cAept. 2, 1857, the 2d floor being used for circle, and i Tie girls. In 18S1, the Boys’m High school 'V owned by was removed to the 3d floor of Bard, Heber & Co.’s Duilding, 8th and Penn, and ia 1884 the new B03-S’ High school build¬ ing at Sth and Washington was occupied. school Treasurer Hoover has discon¬ tinued receiving school taxes in the eve¬ ning, owing to (he few callers. He has ■i I, received so far $95,000 for this year, and 1 the amount will reach $100,000 bv the close of the week. The penalty on delin¬ quents is to be added after tne middle of the month. The instruction committee of the school board will meet this evening.

ied to Miss Caro- gsville. Shortlv hey commenced! elling which the!

hen 30 years of age, he, together with I his « ither work, engaged in the undertak-1 Shampooic: row p ■■■■ business. He wa3 energetic and I arc better known than Peter iiutzt unaer- wor ked with his men from sunrise to sun- and on his farm until late at night, __ One ther when 11 years < married to Daniel Dan From, ^ ^ ^ the many buildings erected by are the .following: St. Paul’s Alburtis; two hotels, Butz’s and atTopton; Fegoly’s hotel, Sham- Butz’s storehouse, at Alburtis, re- itly destroyed by fire; besides many aers. Mr. Butz said: “Carpentering Date, /f-y-y. lifers greatly at the present day from sars ago. Almost anybody who knows I >w to handle a saw, can be a carpenter iwadays because everything is done AN OLD SUNDAY SCHOOL. machinery. 1 remember well when I Said to be the Oldest in Belies, Out¬ irted oat. I was assigned to a log side the City—Founded by Win. D. jfcably 10 to 15 feet long and' B. Hain. to 6 xeet in circumference, and was told Zion’s Sunday school, of Pricetown, to saw it up into boards 1 inch thick. It claims to be the oldest in tho county, out¬ rsu; a hard task, but 1 accomplished it. side of Reading. la der work followed and in that way I It was organized in the spring of 1832, mtinned until my time expired. 1 re¬ in the old 8-roomed school house, which jived 35 cents a day. It was not much,; then stood where Pricetown school house it young men then had more money No. 2 is how located. William D. 15. - fter the expiration of the year than those jyho get Sl.to $3a day now. Journeymen!' r received 65 cents per day. Now they get ’ >r 3 years I worked as an appren-l’:- ce with my brother William, who gave all ihe necessary instructions. He was '. I’rst-class mechanic. After the expira- R m oi the 3 years my brother gaveS the place as foreman, having irchnsed and moved on a farm, and ij : up the position. I often went to r i’e.utown to inspect new houses and get g L jintrrs. In that—ay I learned how to % ELY HOME OF PEEKS’ OLDE3T SFXDAY ike a stairway, which is considered thefe SCHOOL. Rattiest job in the carpentering line, fc Hain, whose father was an Englishman lien the East Penn railroad was con-E by birth, not only brought about the or¬ true led I had the contract for the! ganization of the school, but took a prom¬ L'opton depot. While working there 1 f inent part in educational matters for iw the first railway train. A freight!1 years. r the depot, i also I He was the youngest, son of Adam :ad ike contract to ci it the second sta-1 Hain, who came from Phila. about 1803 on house there. There are not many aud bought a 32-acre tract of land of Uou- mrsteads hereabouts of which I built rad Price, founder of Pricetown. either the house or bam or both. Mr. Price had at this time cut the whole “V, lien I was 30 years-old, 1 concluded area now covered by Pricetown into 11- ag© in the undertaking business, acre lots and laid out a driveway first funeral I had was a child of around the whole. A part of thi3 road id Romig, Feb. , 1S61, and the second still runs along the south and east sides a child of my t other, William, withi; of Pricetown and is known as “Green ^ m 1 learned the rade. In 18611 had R lane.” unerals; 160:1, 3; 1 33, 7; 1864, 13; 1865, K About the time Mr. Price finished lay¬ 1666. 36; 1867, 35; .868,' 13: 1869, 38; 1870, R out the village that bears his name, Adam .1871, 33; 1873, 31 ;1 73, 39:1S74.35; 1875,40; Hain erected a substantial stone house on ,{), o3, 1877, 33, 18ib,~3,27; 1879, 35; 1880,31; K one of the lots and moved there from 1, 30; 1883, 84; loo5,15, 55: 1684, 50; 1855, t Phila. with his family. This house 1888,31; 1S37, 31; 118SS, 34; 1889, 39; Q stands to this day and is well preserved. b9o, 39; 1891, 88; 1893, 33; 1S93, 33, and la | It is owned by Mrs. Wm. Haas and ten¬ 1. . to date, 16, total. 877. 1 made my g anted by Milton Schlegel. ou a caskets up to about 15 years ago. Mr. Haiti, the elder, was a man of re¬ vdita I commenced buying them. I was f finement. He lived in Phila. for a num¬ the first to introduce) them hereabouts, g ber of years, but, desiriDg a nice country l-loi .e caue caskets are still the best. X [l| home in an elevated villago and intelli¬ know . at I made caskets for people V. gent community, not more than a 2-Uays’ PA' wuose bodies were disinterred about 20 |r journey from the city, ho selected the ears later, and the lids were found in* I village of IMcetown. Mr. Plain and a number of other public- act.” Mr. Butz is a member of the Longswamp spirited people of the village soon suc¬ Reformed congregation, having served 4 ceeded in makiug the little town one of other 4 as elder. ; the principal places in the county fleeted he seldom outside of Reading. There was no place in this part of the state that had as many summer board¬ ers during the first quarter of tho ^present century as Pricetown. Some stopped at the hotel, but the greater portion secured lodging with private families. Scores of Mr. Hain’s Phila. acquaintances visited him every summer ami he bought a great ;eal ot truck, fruit, etc., from the larmers. At that time the greater part of the Q r k Vi r I products the farmers had for sale were bought by the Haiti family. Nobody at- leaded market at Heading from that quarter. Sir. Hain was the father of 6 chlldren- Mana, Sirs. -David Jones; Eliza, Sirs, mlliatn Mason; Henry. Haanah, Sirs people. The scuool was divid»rf hiV Thomas Eyestor; Sarah, Mrs. Samuel several more classes Th« „ ,ea lnt° lea, and William D. B., who was married tola their friends members bad, to Sarah Leaman. baaday YK?Ya'd “S/r*/ »= Subsequently tne place became one of many to join a tUua mduced the principal horse centres, races being held there about eyery other week. The majority of the farmers of eastern" Berks drove through this village on their way to Beading, where nearly all the grain was taken. For a time as many as 25 and anci tfe* widuioBgi e£ ^ 50 teams would stop there every Monday morning. Monday was the great hauling day of the farmers of 60 years ago. 1 here were 3 flourishing tanneries there and no other place outside of Beading the could boast ot that number. But as soon of th.as the railroads were built,business moved llAt iWedn to other parts, and Brice town "lost its himself to the comm 80 f^eared* 'prelirrhold. . | £ mitte ^bward the close of the winter of lS3t- High cw, .rilliam D. B. Hain announced his in- Th tenuouot organizing a Sunday school. is bf 1 his at first caused a great deal of talk the schoofwSsVoopenSd wUhW*n*!*pri?* aqd among the ministers as well as among the increased cumber of V f Sieatly taki peopie. All were ready to acknowledge every child within a radius of I" mn'Srly whi' that such a school would do a great deal low or good, but very few felt assured that it schoM ''‘■Th!’;!1 walked to and from th j isr would prove a success. Mr. Hain, how¬ school" ceiebraSiUionmewai‘ehijdSt anT^’ f the ever, was not discouraged, and visited was without a doubt the aDd, 1 - J-opi every house on horseback. He requested by - the parents not to fail to send their chil¬ something Swto^ybT^ Ifc linst dren on the morning the school was an¬ cla' nounced to open. He obtained permis¬ (an sion of the trustees of the 8 cornered *>■>»« tlToSdk« “1 op, school house to use that building. This .Farr. was before the era of free schools. The U‘° «?“ B(inec structure was owned by leading citizens. Strove east of Pricetown^ Pla'rcbed to the I stiff Air. Hain did all in his power to make his band. Oneof ihe older iUh aded- hy the 'r tnur new venture a success and a great many j banner. The pro cession^?8 ^arned a bi" Oi his acquaintances anxiously awaited zc the result. Hr:*?-- V’j ^t w®9 a beautiful Sunday morning, : was 'J **“*»£« parl °* Aprii- that the children the i:r r t ii ot rricetown and the surrounding com¬ ! been erected by Mr °S TrJ^10 had munity lor the first tiipe gathered at the ; was •v old school house to be religiouslv in- varielvdeTh With eatables of eiery I structed. There were about 25 present, h which was exceedingly gratifying to Mr. it flan . He and Ins niece,Marg. jone--, weie the only grown people present the first tir morning At the proper hour the children x were caked inside and the exercises were 1 V opened by singing a familiar hvmnJ : Uie -rrayer was next offered, after which the ua,SPwy- then he ran through the wrw.-ia do school was divided into 2 divisions for the Dic -aS,!ied,,'be childrea to follow him and qu purpose of teaching them. Mr. Haiu took Pick up tne nuts. There was a neat Uie the advanced portion and pm them to reading in the Bible, explaining and ask¬ paints enjoyed the C^lfto’ ^ bf ing questions after each verse. an hour before th^bSwa.1^^The Wjf! His niece took charge of the younger element, and gave them lessons iu spell¬ and rtEt,a11 through the8 woods ! jij . , tlme the chase was over every ing and reading, and some had even to be { Aff J M hl\?r ber pockets filled. yl taught the A B C’s. Mr. Hain then, m a Aftei tais the celebrations were held short address, gave an outline of the work , ® proposed to do. Another hymn foi- ime^undav scheyiW

success until 1849,- when Charles Levan - I became superintendent and Dante! C. Westen, treasurer and secretary. Mr. Westen subsequently became superin- tendent. The school was kept In the Dunkard meeting house until about 30 years ago, when it was moved to St. John’s Lutheran and Reformed church, where it is held to this day. The mem¬ bership is about 100, although dozens ot scholars have now sprung up in the field formerly covered by Cricetown Zion’s Sunday school alone. Abraham D. Hill, who served a; a teacher in this school from 13-ifi to 1032, still takes a fatherly interest in the school. The superinten¬ dents that have succeeded Mr. Weston arc: Abraham D. Hill, Samuel J. Hill, Daniel H. Man wilier, and Henry H.'Man- willer. Samuel J. Hill is the present in¬ cumbent.

m '

- jI very many yoarg Dr. Jonathan ounder was a famous physician of deck were all cast fntb~ the sea bouthern Berks. He attended thousands except young Pounder, the female cook and her child and 4 men. Thes^se of people who still live in Heading and in the county, and are well advanced in cured one of the boats and launched it years. The fame of Dr. Bounder has been !™.y^D_8l the 8hlPsnnk. Around them made known to the children and chil¬ some 30 of the crew were struggling in the dren’s children of his many patients. The water. They made frantic efforts to draw story of his life is of intense and graphic themselves into the boat, thereby threat¬ interest, and the Hunday Eagle herewith ening certain death to ah It was a des- presents it for the first time. m0ment‘ ^/'Preservation, then as now, was one of the first of laws About the middle of the 18th century ? Tman iQ the boat seized a there lived in southern England several hatchet. It was life or death. As families by the name 'of Founder, who ?af* ?? Jbe struggling, drowning man attracted a great deal of attention on ac¬ seized hold of the boat, their fingers and count of their many peculiarities and the hands were chopped off. it was a fright great amount of money they made by fui scene. Pounder witnessed it all. One farming. They associated very little by one tnese desperate sailors, in the water with their neighbors, nor with anybody were maimed and they sank to rise no el®»- They seemed to liTe for themselves more. That awful battle for the boat was and in most respects were very different! over, but not before several in the boat from other people. They were by no had fainted over the horribly bloody means disbelievers, yet they belonged to work. Friend had to cut friend, there no church. As the period of the American revolution approached the Pounders be-1 theVttest ^ War’ 14 WaS the 8Urvi™l of came even more wealthy, as well as more But young Pounder wa3 to face the still V, numerous. The majority of this family r< were born, raised and died on their farms more terrible experience of starvation and li without being known individually by more cannibalism. For 3 days they drifted on the bosom of the sea without food or lit than a few score people. They rarely went 'I away~~-——v. from home. But miin a1785toj a,a zPounder ouatier t?U tao daT the woman’s child died. Its remains were divided and 3 b was born In southern England, who was ' speedily devoured by the half famished qd M8®a°d to become known far and wide peopie. On the 6th day lots were drawn sb' and have his home and most intimate as to who should die that the others ,’b friends in our own Berks county. This individual’s name was Jonathan. His f11,®}1* Aiye’ Young Pounder drew the P'1 fatal stick, and it was resolved that he was an exceptional case, as he was s: should die early next morning. The hi brought up under religious influences and brown haired young man faced death Pi was given a|liberal education. At 14 years of age he began work on his father's farm heroically. I am ready,” said he. “The withUeyef rushed into the port hoies where tiie cap¬ t a3 11 ashamed of it, some one tain and passengers expected to escape lrned away and looked toward the east from, and the crew were dashed Sfi a LnU*“h°Unded witil «laclness- "A into the water. Captain and pas¬ fsheH ’, he snouted- f-oon the fam- sengers were drowned. Those on ished party were safely on board he passing; ship. They were well cared for and taken to Buenos !''^SuW"Arfe?t”ofbUiaDb»uShf; Avres. Pounder know much of botany bordered I’lrremp and there m i HUM and getting a chance to go with e of 14 steps from the meadow to the first ploring party, he joined tli merica. floor of the house. There was only one went into the wilds of bouth America, room and here cooking and all housekeep among the Indians, and founder lear „ L! ™ done Pounder and his wife aU thf secrets of their IwfLt in this room- In the garret the A vast fund of knowledge of her os w c'brldren bad tbeir bed. Att.rtba b»««. rained. By the time he had spent a year was completed, work on a large fn the South American wilds be -anew a Ttone barn was commenced, but half a dozen different remediei tor as when the walls were stable high his | many ailments, lie wa3 frequen y money ran out and building was at°PP®^ I “.on to administer to the sick and by Ky this time about 6 acres of his laud was I the natives be was r®ally 'Y.or°hl^ the cleared and were growing crops of gram account of his knowledge ot the and grass. When the first crop was nar- ( art of herbal medicine. At the ena vested his barn was still only stable nf 14 months the vessel sailed up high so he went to work and put ?he eastern’coast. On board the ship isupports across the walls and extended Pounder acted as doctor and succeeded in 1l big stack over all. in this way fie shel- making himself such a usefu man that tered his horse and cows during the w m- everybody thought it a Drovidontial »tct ;of kindness that they had met the imle boat of starving people. After a cru ^ almost a year the smo landed in the coa. t •fSJlL'England. Here Pounder, against So entreaties of all, left the party but he rest including the woman who had i iinr hnhv returned to Jtngianu. Pounder travelled about at random for Rpveral rears and then selected 1 hua. as hil home By this time his knowledge of9 Sicine7 had been the means nf earning him quite a sum o mnnpv ^o much at least that he was

the doctor’s house. / ter Several years later the barn was completed, th.7doctor', pr.cUce h.™« Chance to start a book stole, bv this time grown so muc5 a3 ™ N the partnership was dissolved and, bring him a fair income. He was he commenced dealing in booLP: known over a large territory and had al Shortiv after arriving in Philadelphia he ready acquired a wide reputation as b.»'S.‘S" .l M.UO.US.eborej doctor It was not an unusual thing for Und soon proven a very active worker him to be brought from 10 to 15^ mile® . here 3 Through his instrumentality the After the completion of the fi°fi.s',aa , flrst’ Sunday school of that denom - barn, he commenced improving his land l I nation in Philadelphia was orfj\aU‘ and beautifying his surroundings. iized He was single when he first He made a nice garden to the left of the i came to Penna., but at the time he started the bad already had his book store he fon«% bSone-Sd oTthis'“was planted ■ f second wite, the first, a J. h ^T.1. ‘‘V- having died a few months after mar riace The book store was continued EeW' - ! until the death of the second »“«”toiC.nPI!3,«W AVal'v'S.bleJ I wife who was also a native of 1 hua., when he quit the business, and, after a course of study in a medical college be- paraeu vvcid garden tnere was an t^Ttsandv y pretty arbor of flowers «ir«. ir tST PhSadXhr oShe most beautiful varieties. The arbor J. j His striking peculiarities were no bin °t tne m high and surmounted ’ drance to matrimony, and people w , bya peak several feet higher, which ™ irncw of his value as a ciuzen scarify covered with several varieties of clematis,

H-v-.fvq r .5 o/toir.'.d'* irt., r=r,tv & .i0. « CaratfWayshTn^r ^t ^ head ofTh^ hla family to where Birdsboro now 19 fane fhere werell trees of boxwood about W praclicios »•;>»»• to feet bigh. The others were fence high. The 2 bi- ones at the beginning looked ine^uin vu home was one of •SR a the”most beautiful to be found in that •ZlSStZflSSin b...« » -sjK the most Deau dayg TUe house was small as a shoemaker’s shop, and none or BSSLSTui*^. « the buildings were costly, but stUUhey pantown and erected a house, d he tract presented an appearance that could not consisted of 28 or 80 acres, but most ot hP rivaled by homes that cost 5 times as it was so stony as to make clear¬ much The doctor was eccentric, and ing Almost impossible. The house erected here was built of stone and was I®b0Ut \i feet square. It was a very rough tricitv at every corner. He usea a gr Siding and only 1 story hign. A . e| K KS1?? iB hls practice and these he He b!mt «nm8hlti°Q lt5® aurroundine hills, some time aud then bought » m c rie built an herb cellar about 15 foot f"<■>»* * ?■*»« Oistanoe belowTfte square at the south end of the barn which Thf en3ere.d f™m Ufa interior of the barn. Ihere he stored all the herbs he could And I and it was generally pretty well filler! He delighted in having a full CBt i« °t although” he knew be-I mg ander™htor Phih^to^joi^her sifter' fore hand that the greater part would TI,nIftt'hWil0-Wa3 marnt3d to John Glaaby spoil long before he would have Jonathan, jr., went away from home Sf.y*. occasion to use them. When the doctor eral years before the death of his mother and his family hrst arrived in the vicinity He was a great traveller and finally tost of Morgantown he created a sensation7 113 la a d£ht in Mexico. Cooper1 52,?rSe-Wlthua Shaesy covering of snow commenced boarding with Hannah Hrnli- white hair. He wore no hat. His face Or''d.->„HHattCl hh father oooldmFagree ! loosed pale and pinched, and yet the Dr. Founder was 70 years of age when 1 features as a whole suggested a e-rpit Uls 4111 wife. This ti me it was Cli1?1 P,°WCy-. Wisdom^emed tohe r who had been married to I ln J*L0t!:fiULi0t Pi3 eres’ which were largo James Kooeson. She lived on the moun¬ and madly-looking. In his hand he hefd tain near Honeybrook, like a hermit t. ai crooked; ~staff. r ‘\ "Phis staff and his while the time tue doctor met her. Her lather I hair made him lock like a man of 70. ived with her for a ndmber of vears but it was at first thought that he had lost dled- tShe Went with the'doaor to his hat but he said he never wore anv. his Morgantown Home, where they com-! xle would sometimes ride on horseback menced housekeeping. Her house’on the I mountain was left empty. They lived together only a short time before diifei- ' ,arose’ and sbe “kain returned to her little house on the mountain. Here she spent the remainder of her days alone JB mally she became sick and after being alone in a bed for several davs with DasrderVbyaa7 100(1 Wa3 aisC07ered by a ,3i\uader was tlien sent for and he at¬ tended her until her death, which oc curred November 30, 1864. The doctor J was present when she died. The follow I ing day he placed the corpse on a board in the house and proceeded to dissect her THE founder barn. He removed both her heart and liver and ' laid both on the floor. The next moment ' op for 20 miles or more without a mashed^^'i’m tr*ado0u the kean and f .. 8,1 statr or crook was always with mm ana masLt,u it. Ihen the 2 organs were re. ' «in* he frequently used it to urge on his horse, placed. At the funeral, which look place I sti When asked about his hair, he related his at Honeybrook, only 3 or 3 people out- a< ifm?61161106 at sea. The peculiarities of side of the doctor were present. (She left i /the man soon ceased to be noticed by the no relatives. J here is a story that the !ii people. He never refused to perform an doctor’s dissecting table is still in use but operation, although he had hardly any doing duty as a counter in the country ! surgical instruments. He had a very over which ice cream is sold. ’ '5 sn&ip pocuetknife, which he used in most f rom the time of the death of his last ‘ o wiiere cuttiqg was necessary. In wife the doctor lived alone in his little ' l Addition to practicing medicine, he also house at Morgantown. His medical prac ! I j, prepared and sold skeletons n ,Cni,)Va’ “ucil smaller than formerly’ HeB ! he^^feet t0u tna, rieht of his h0«se could not attend to more. The most off : a stone fireplace at least 16 feet the time he did his own cooking Al-' square, in one corner an iron kettio he became weak and totferini ! ' ti aoout 3 feet m diameter was wailed in I ke other men as age advanced, he wfs P honVcertrfh.Kiaaa flesh was foiled from the sail a man of iron will. However onl r ■; of tb° corpse seat to him from a day towards the close of January i87.i he ! i! distance. After this was done the bones was obliged to keep his bed. The doctor i hrlimiic fither He continued to live in ms was the one ho loved moat. bho was an exemplary woman Tnl, ftSSS^WB tt. »»9‘f0??' t“i respect and was liked oy all* * . . Pounder previous to 1340. He looked al most as old then as he did just before 1 o Etes“«^3B died Si years later. His longsuow white hair and full beard, which he always wore very long, and which wa3 as white as the hair on his head, made bun look SO years older than he actually was. I once naked him why ho never shaved. He replied that every time he did so he was tempted 1 in tes^Tarts^MucU to cuthisythroat. He drank neither ten Tf fi° foregoing information was coffee, nor cold water, but used hot water exclusively, from the death of his tUrd refold Se Uving^in^he vicinity of ! wife on he used intoxicating liquors to excess at times. Before his death the doctor expressed a strong desire to be buried aside of his third wife. |“a”et pan of Ihe dun. Ho <*»| • P»( Cooper ordered the grave to be du- here. After the cofiiu wa= aL r ra V£'JiSZiU£Sa a piaoai > ready partly covered with ground 1 saw that the grave was at the wron„

I,uiace npp beingOtilLlti, UUUnot UOUU.near the wiles-— grave at . I ti^vler nursed his old friend, the doctor, all VI called (innnnr’sCooper’s attention to it and he ordered another grave dug, which was Sehlast breaffi dIIe9’also loaned theEagle done and this time at the right place. All of the doctor’s children were given a SSper'bofh of ^ictwhich 0Cwerew0ere arte^dreceived8 bybi good education, rather bblter thaathe children of the other peopm ot the vi- T Bil£ftsaifdrTo tT \ Sling correspondent: ‘ A few days before j C1Theold homestead, which Pounder sold Uriir Founder’sPounder’s deatfi fiehe called me to fiis to William Barkley, is now owned by Edward Barkley, of Phcenixville, and bedidTand » j bmith Barkley, a grandson or ,V tlliam, •DavTd. V thank God that 1 never refused IK buiSI K^said before leav^g tfiatfie would ,™i?nreciselv 13 o’clock to pray for l KKSfffibecause fie was a man i -«.“>-““fia,of trutfi, nut r was

Mm aS to my Bleat «urpri«e & b£l 'SSSSi ap»|v sni

^he removed tfie heart afid liver ol fi.s wife The cfiurcuchurch- ’5thought" this action j unbecoming a Christina and they expelled him from the congregation, r rom that | time on lie attended Harmony M. E. g church, which is about 2 miles northeast g of Morgantown and not far from his old the doctor's son, cooper founder. home. He always walked and I very ! lives on the place at present. The origi¬ frequently accompanied him. He was., nal Pounder barn still stands intact, and such excellent company, so pleas- the accompanying cut 13 . takrp? / °“ ^ | antly reminiscent and such ; a de¬ nhotograph taken last week. I liero 1.. no lightful talker. He often told now lie other building like it to be found I scared a big band of savages shortly alter | anywhere Outside of the roof and landing in South America. ^hefLha&l doors not a particle of wood is used in its , pened to overtake him "while. he was out on one of fiis botanizing the form of stone arches and tho doors tours and had already surrounded open inward. One must be close to the him preparatory to ending lus earthly i building to be able to see that thfere are career by torturing him to death when all any doors at all. A large frame building : at once he commenced swinging his arms has been erected in tront of the original L,n(i nttorinc words ot command that house, and what used to be lot^ s Lads the natives believe the other mem J house is now used as a kitchen. A 1 *■> hers of the expedition were close by and , black walnut tree that Pounder P a«te as a consequence they loft him unharmed,. Doar the house when he first got P<->sse3 Iwben Founder had the heart and liver ot sion of the tract is still standing and af his wife he asked me in his room, i wen pears to have just reached lt3prl^ in and saw all. He did not put the heart It- ia about 90 feet high anu shown in the illustration of in alcohol as sometimes reported* -Lt- is h“use in which he died was torn »yy »l V

•obe house. Thu fire IJlaceNvlicro Fournier t ■; .A*'. *-~yv*'yAV used, to boil his skeletons lias been re¬ John’s were believers m Christian « modeled, and now contains a roof. Smith non. In 1304 about 90 members ‘united in Barkley gave the Eagle u great deal of the iounding of a school. A log school information concerning the life of the house was erected at a cost of $379.371/ builder of the homestead, that he had re- 1 he teacfiers had to serve also as chor-1 cmved from his elders, and he still has idlers and organists ot the church. This I the big kettie used in preparing skele- school building served for educational tons in his possession. It is now used to purposes Until 1850, wuen it gave wav to smck lime in. WhenMUUU WilliamTV itiiciL Borkley tue public school system, and the build- tools possession of the home, S unpre'- mg became the dwelling house of the or¬ pared skeletons were found in the gran¬ ganist. ary. I hey„ were^ uuucuburied LilUSCclose by.uy. A-A greatC'l'POf, On Dec. 19, 1811, the congregation pur¬ many of the herbs pounder nlanted are chased acres of additional land for still growing on the place graveyard purposes from Peter Ruth for 0n D,ec- 27’ ms’ 3 acres and i4.more land was purchased fr0m 9, Elijah Ruth for $99.56. The congregation From, now owns 6 acres and 24 perches of land |81d'h-larse pipe organ was pur- ejdsed. fins was the first musical instru¬ ment used m the church. The organ was made by Mr. Openhauser, of Read in- and was then considered a fino piece of workmanship. On the top was perched Date, a large golden eagle, and on each side were gilded figures of aDgels, each blow¬ ing a trumpet. The cost of the organ was Si,200. Some years later the brick ST. JOHN’S HISTORY. floor of the church was removed and a wooden floor substituted. The Church, Whose Centennial IVill Thus far the church had been without be Celebrated Saturday and Sunday. steeple and bell. A line steeple was erected in 1852 and dedicated oa Oct i Vi Appropriate to the centennial of St. John’s Reformed church,Sinking Spring, of that year. It is 16 feet square at 'the O' base and 151 feet high. The cost of erec .8 Saturday and Sunday, Sept. 15 and 18, b herewith is presented a short history of Don was $2,651.28. Into this tower a bell this interesting congregation. weighing 1,473 pounds was placed. This >P bell, Laving become damaged, was re- jy The name of the village is derived from ns a spring in the place, which is periodical placed in 1881 by another weighing l w> pounds, and costing $509.55. :1s in its flow. At times it is strong, then weak, and at times sinks away entirely. The original church stood 91 years with¬ w out any material improvements, except¬ n* The land upon which the church stands, Pai was donated in 1793. by Christian Ruth. ing the erection of the tower and steeple ne The tract embraces 1% acres. Singularly until 1884, when extensive improvements were undertaken. A spacious chapel was St) ; he was one of the first to be buried on the ground then donated, for he died In the erected on the east side of the church 49 same year, on Aug. 24. His wite died in by 30 feet, and 19 feet high. At the ^esfc 1809. enda vesubule 12 feet wide was erected, The congregation was organized in lhe interior was finely frescoed, and a 1792, by 14 men, who soon after planned j beautiful picture representing Christ as the erection of the church which still the Shepherd was painted on the wall stands, and which was then one of the back of the pulpit. The cost of the im¬ finest in the state. It was erected of bride provements was $7,636. A new organ which had been burned by the members. The original size of the church was 48 by SchateSd?PSaadC0Sting S1’600 was also 56 feet. The corner-stone was laid oni As early as 1818 the Lutherans were May 3, 1794. The lumber was purchased1 given permission by the Reformed to in Reading, but not being seasoned,it was I worship in tms church. The Reformed placed in a building, which was heated, however, owned the property excliiKiveiJ and a continual watch was kept day and until May 6, 1854, when the night, lest the building and lumber be set: were given equal rights upon the pay ' on fire. | ment by them of one-half of the cost of The church was erected in what was j erecting the steeple in 1851. The Ruth then a modern style of architecture. It erans also agreed to pay ODe-half of fu bad galleries on 3 sides, with a so-called lure improvements. In 1888 the Reformed wine-glass pulpit. The woodwork inside 1 congregation erected a suitable dwelling was beautifully carved and the floor was I of brick laid in ornamental figures. The hf $lf000.r USG °f tile °rsanist at a com Eliurch was dedicated a3 St. John’s Evan-1 On’ Juno 13, 1891, a Woman’s mission- gclical Eresbyterian Reformed church. ary society was organized in St. Johnhs The term Presbyterian has reference to church which now numbers 100 members8 the form of government as exercised in in the beginning of 1894 the congrega-1 the Reformed church. It is said that the turn supp ied itself with hymn books 1 boarding.for the workmen was gratui¬ In tue old graveyard 911 graves mnv- tously furnished by Ulrich Houder, one co“fted- oldest person buried here of the original founders of the church, is Mrs. Catharine Knck.who was 94 years ' whilst Geo. Ruth dug a well on the ol age. On reb. 5, 1861, a cemetery com-' church property and contributed £100 !>any was organized at Sinking Spring towards the church building fund., Chris¬ which controls 4 acres of ground adjoinl tian Ruth also gave £100, ($500). mg the graveyard of the church Here 'Tiie founders and eariy members of St. are buried 721 bodies. Whole number of! burials in both places, 1,632. As staLed.at the beginning, St. John's! 7 stant librarian, Mias KmiU ick"’u»ber, C. 1>. ttcbcr; organist, Ok, view it numbers about 500, aQti is | ~ i Vau lteed; assistant organist, Miss ptter condition than ever before. The _gregaiion has only one elder and two J»““l “.'rS, Tw-.WK.K~- During the hundred years of Its extet- errei- Miss EUa Krick, Miss L'/.zie Hain, > rsi BT0hn’s church has had 5 pastois. ‘ m becinniog until 1871 it was |S&^l8W«. olVuebcr Mrs!

B The1 Voting People's society of Chris- tian Endeavor was organized July i , S- The first officers, were: President T. 11. Krick; vice president F.’ k. “0Ji :sgSi«SB; recording secretary, M. Webber; responding Bocreut* . I*n« * ebber, treasurer, O. B. itutn, i **’ j. p Unger. Present officers: President, *. r l»nother 80S of Rev. Philip «. Miller; vice president, 1. 1 cording secretary, Batie RMh Corr sDouding secretary, Jennie Measurer O. B. liuth; organist, Lott a Unger F. P. Unger was sent as a dele i"ate to the Cleveland convention, held sss ara^ss JulvU to 15, 1891. The society was or¬ left is1" Singular fact that each of the first ganized through the efforts of 1. H.

1 padeTfnd\hdeacityChof“ Reading. "“here Active Members—F. P. Miller T. H. fas never Men assignation of the paste- I

aifev£ wl^L Sshner, the present pas- j I “tt- £ 4u“I“ooi, °SV assist i“.ra.o “., Emma B.rtm Hattie Ljlj-

i'ht Kershner family are numerous in Katie Halt, Jacob Krick, William Stoudt j . smith Weidman fcieibert, (joorge iBrunner Paul YouTg. Charles Billman, fiErs.stu“Srr:din,er. Katie Body, Addle Ueber Mrs v^Kn , members of the congregation, are prepar¬ Webber, Mrs. Joshua Van lieed Mrs. in'to enter the ministry. . George J. Klopp. Mrs. bnsan Hatt, Mrs. Knowing hold the positions named: Amanda Grime, Mamie Konies lda^li^ \: trirter Francis B. Krick; deacons, George iipr i.vd-a iiulb, Sarah liuth, Mary nu“ K Rain and William Eberly; treasurer, I sicker Maggie liuth, John Ernes, Lillie Adam B Krick; secretary, Thomas K. | Miller, Emma Brumbach, Gertie wunie. „r«ani8t Frof. Charles George Reedf; S Een?y B. Krick, Ricn- SrdBhoap and. James 11. Kegorreis; jani-

l°T hVofficersof Tim Woman’s m issi on ary President, H. K. Hull; vice .resident Mrs. Samuel Keppel; secretary j •JiUiuni ’ll. Stoudt; treasurer, Adam B. Trick; executive committee, James R., Legerreis, Frank P. Miller and hrancis

^St^JobD’s Reformed choir is composed ,tb Sopranos, Misses Kate seltzer, A note .udwig Ella Krick, Margaret Ruth, Sarah llutn, Lydia lluih; tenors, John CENTENNIAL CLOSED, U. Kegorreis, John S. JSK*! lieister; altos, Mrs. ^MUe Groff Mi.s Katie Halt; bass, James «• Kegerreis Concluding Exercises of the lOOth { lohn H. Kogerreis, Hiram II. Bull, Jess Anniversary of St. John’s Reformed F. Lutz Harvey Marshall; chorus, Misses Church at Sinking Spring.

Edna Miller, Lillie Miller, Ida Miller, The opening exercises of tfi°celebra¬ bailie Weitzel, Ida Keffer, Susan Keffer, j tion of the 100th anniversary of St. John s Ella Hatt, Kaiie Halt, Mary liuth, Mrs. Reformed church, at Sinking illen Francis. u.,n,.av Saturday afternoon, were la^ely at¬ Trinity Sunday school-The Sunday tended. Many came in teams from ^he chool being % union school. Reformed surrounding country, including Womels nd Lutheran, Uie names ot all thcoLltce.s dorf, Wernersville, Vinemont, Denve ind teachers connected with it are Kivmi. and other places. Over 300 people^ came j llhcers: Superintendent, Rush G.&et on the P. & R. noon train, 'lhe residents ort- assistant superintendent, Liiram L. of Sinking Spring turned out in full • Hi- secretary, Oliver B. Hath; assistant tary E Jennie Webber; ireas- force. rer, Joshua liuth; librarian, John li. v j?-Prior to tW- • - visited▼isiterf tne «H?fl„edificee ^toerci view-8eB’ the,man magnifir»Rnty people hung red, decorations. _ They walked up the s?de profusion. In the centre wasilJ«fry f? Eft aS°l“'rI8“ w,ioul by "VoVtle frame with the portrait of in.e°ld oj.t o«arisgssi tinJ10 e.?*01i j°* tbe Reformed denomina¬ tion, red old gold and black, were con spicuousiy displayed. Over the pulDit ittfa”",? ‘d,mJref W was an arch, composed of wheat. It 1,, Spring, had full charge of ’ *n ^“kln* surmounted with an initial “C,” formed of purple flowers. Beneath was U AnotlS6 Y?8 ^ compli^enfi0^ penaed a whit© dove clinging to a the graaverof c°hris°tf ““‘^wary ring. To the latter, whife silk rfbhnn^ queathecf' Yh^^latm—abou?Ufv Who be‘ were attached, bearing the inscription in whereon the church fa * ^ acr®s— purple, “Centennial—1794—1594 ” The base of the arch of wheat la sa S£3? W“*r composed of yellow wa,31 flowers. Directly yin front dof PVh« .. exercises began at 3 15 n m withwitnU whftewhite %flowers.PUrple panel(Surmounting- ^rrounded tim faa“e,! Yn8thee lascription. “In Memor¬ f shr;rsevhj >“ ial to the centre was the following in

St SS^H Departed°’oiVeSY- ^'the’ l^r"oi°thl lar^ha e^’ t0 th6 riglU aQd left- were circu¬ it^ hfhA613’ su^ro“nded with wheat, bear- *»= *5® ln.scriptions, respectively • “T will be with you alwavs” ‘‘tL Claries G. s5Srt!““ “““et br To the left of the chancel was a frame i iB

j»»« Keaefela* “Inventor IrlPUea ia script characters: TnK* Executor of This Building ”1

lowing- “Thfs.this8 hboardCari wasCOntaiQine carved by fol-lthp architect in 1796 and placed in the sound

wnereJSSgjg the church;tr,l bwas“ pul remodeled<,,‘- "* in lam ° «Jve thanks unto the Lord ’’ wa. o solo sung by John Kegeries. ’ a »KinJ J- ob"li", »f Thom’as’ KeformedSchu;chPat|t0r °f St* livered the sermon ia the Germ^V®* J’ the Bible story of "the LS he slid” "“L? 1 stei “««™ the presenyce0otbheCar!k? W° learn that Perpetuation of^ GoTs Shie°e8sary t0 the outward observance wuho, ?83,1^3*- Tbe spirit will always urYvi a i -he 1Qward

o"“5' :.T.»fe%PspSSlr^

* riSSKSelS T&51 Tle*b“

ings of the scYiptures ‘rh? teacb* ws desftusnafrS i central, and in the language of °0 hundred years old. Relics “ Kindly loaned for the occa doctrine ^ ? ‘ ”S.inS°S‘,Bff j *““*• *w*«?8S:: of mYn Jof God-fMu?,/"8 th° work Surrounding the galleries were ropes of I iwSSSlfi 32&&SS StHi f“S «.* ■ 3aaFaffJa=n5! -J9f® b?auiifui a«d melodious organ was sB^S5£3S?-a a“«lL‘'”“ra,Sd wiU* Around the choir loft railings were | lrb“»sa 69 Kershner read the invocation and offei'&h > bwilzerlano, tTFsTfoytTd the cities prayer, followed with a hymn by the i villages, in Reformed cantons down the orchards and vineyards and °hRev. Albright read the scripture lesson ove the Palatines by the thousands refugees down the Rhine in search or a, and offered prayer. The sermon was preached In German sine, they Knew not where, to rs'k^Ud by Rev- Dr. Dubbs. His text was Psalm ieir altars and carry forward their wor BlllP in accordance with tho_teaclun.gs 01 13After speaking of the affection of the the scriptures. The same med Israelites for the temple, the speaker de¬ those who had espoused the Reformed scribed the Christian church as the sub- faith in France. The massacre of the I iect of similar affection. The church of Hugenots was the beginning of the dread iChiist is the Ebenezer of thanksgiving. ful conflict, and -the revocation of the I its whole history manifests the mercy edict of Nantes in 1685 caused 500,000 of I and goodness of God. The colors black, the best citizens of France to seek refuge red and orange—typifying sm, deliver¬ in other lands. The very names Berne ance and thanksgiving. This congrega¬ and Alsace point to the countries from tion has abundant reason for thanksgiv¬ I which your forefathers came. ing to God. The same truth is preached God has been with them in their flight j here to-day that was preached here 100 and He has been with them when they years ago. Earthly homes are desolated, reared this temple a hundred years ago. but the church remains the same, He was with them when they ^countered i Here the visitor finds his home the fearful ravages of the lac*'a°® again. In this valley the gospel Jand when they made their heavy sacrifices Has been preached almost since o build their temples and to restore the j its settlement, which occurred 170 years worship to its scriptural simplicity, it ago. At that time Conrad Weiser brought I is weii that you make great account of his colonv from New York. The earliest ! this day—that you call together the mem¬ Reformed minister was John Henry bers—and remind them of their religious Goetsch, of Skippack, Montgomery heritage and erect in this centennial .year county, who preached at Tulpehockea a stone with the inscription. Hitherto and other places in 1731. the Lord has helped us.” And as we call The founder of this congregation was I to mind .this day the services ot Gods Philip Reinoehl Pauli, who was a man of servants, who as ministers in the Word literary ability, who had achieved dis¬ labored as the pastors of the congregation tinction as a writer before he came to until the day ot their departure, when America. The history of the congregation God called them to their eternal rest, we i was peaceful, all of its pastors dying wliile feel thankful that none felt inclined to re¬ in its service, beloved and revered by sign until God ended their labors, and our every member of the congregation. Me prayer is that the spirit of God may con¬ said a church which forgot its duty wa^ tinue to rest upon your present pastor, like a man whose right hand was witn- the elders and deacons with the member¬ ered. Those who do not sing and pray ship of the whole church so that in years are like those whose tongues are palsied. to come you may continue to express By faithfulness, he said, to the Jerusalem yourselves in the language of the text, of God on earth, Christians are prepared u- “Hitherto the Lord has helped us. for the glory of the New Jerusalem oj. After the exercises many people ad¬ ! God in the eternal city, where, free from journed to the beautiful grove at the rear toil and trouble, the weary soul finds rest, of the edifice, where, under the shade ot j “How Sweet the Name ot Jesus tall, massive trees, were erected lunch I Sounds,” was sung by the choir, Ihe stands. James L. Freeman, who con¬ I benediction was pronounced by Rev. ducts a general store on the mam street, AlDrignt, after the collection. furnished an excellent meal and refresh¬ As tne congregation was leaving the ments on the grounds at a very small sum. edifice, Prof. Charles G.Specht performed The accommodations were all tnai could i on the large organ “The March of the be desired. „ T On Saturday evening Rev. J. V. George The' afternoon exercises began at 2 delivered an address, having for his sub¬ o’clock. Over 2,000 people were in at¬ ject, “Zwingli.” , ^ , „„ tendance. They came in carriages and on “The Pilgrim Home” and “God be Mer¬ foot. Vehicles lined the road for a con¬ ciful Unto Us" were sung by the choir. siderable distance. Charles Ruth, of this city, a student Everv seat in the edifice was occupied, r wRh Artist Fhilip Igle, painted the ban¬ including those in the chapel adjoining. ners. He is a descendant of the founder Benches and chairs were placed m the of the church. &13lC9, H Although the weather was threatening After a prelude by orchestra and organ Sunday morning, about 1,000 people were the choir sang “O Magnify the Lord.” in attendance at the centennial exercises The invocation was pronounced by Rev. at St. John’s Keformed church, Sinking n B Albright, after which the congre¬ Spring. About 400 came from Reading gation sang? “Wash Me Whiter Than on the morning train. 'loward noon the Know.” Prayer was offered by Rev. Al- crowd increased, as the weather was all that could be desired. ^The first address was delivered by Prank At the opening Prof. Charles G. Specht Miller, a student at Franklin and Mar¬ performed with remarkable grace an shall college, and a member of the confir¬ “Adagio” on the organ, with orchestral mation class of ’88. . accompaniment. “Great and Marvelous” “Old Father Time is fast completing was sung by the choir. Uhis 19th century,” he said. “The hands In the chancel were seated the pastor, on the clock move constantly and tuna is Rev. W. J. Kershner; Rev. D. B. Al¬ i fast passing away.” Ha referred to the bright, of Mohrsville, and Rev. Dr. eternitv of the past and the eternity of Joseph H. Dubbs, of Lancaster._^Rev. | the future. “ We look back to our school rr

■ ■*<•■

^WJM 4 i\ .lOr A t < ' I • ■„ - / / '^wwm

Pa < jne

*!y\P«‘ sic^esa. when we cast our BrffT mo SPRTN'Gt. roteTote anriand manymann- other acts of. our vformer“l ul3» maiiou class of ’88, spoite next. AfteFreH days, and reflect. It is the tendenc“of f-rring to Uie days of his youth that were! human nature to review the past to hold rr,UtrWltblQ the walls of £Ue old church J fesuvais and centennials for The’ pur nose l2tac.Mcrovemem8 achieved of reflectins upon our past actions, ft is present pastofT~He said: “Pros-i rlp!,1nt°f,maa-t0- aDPoint certain days to P®"*7 h is besn bestowed on the congre- recall lo mma all acts of his life fa£i0.n- 1 Picture to mv mind maay^f to give thanks to God for all His kindness the old arrangements. lean now seethe and favors bestowed. Our Christian oeo- ®*ure ®f 6!*intly Rev. Pauli preKng pie are going on their good work thronp-h from the old pulpit. I recall the day,1 the guidance of the church!Th?y wfii „_.made Ta Public profession to! continue holding festivals and centeri- timb«Tna Je?us Christ. Since that! mais for the purpose of reviewing the wfof1! £lre, Public testimony as to! woik of the past.’" The speaker eulogized Rim in?8 has done for me> 1 have found1 the memory of Zwingh. “The angels In. hVr^+a u® a5ea-’ sweet friend. I come! heaven, he continued, “will sing a louder 7 to.eive “J humble tribute to¬ song when they witness the celebration ward this anniversary for the rich bless- 1 to-day in the church. Centennials everv ing received within the walls of this an-1 where speak of progress. This can read-1 cient edifice during my childhood.” After I y be applied to this congregation A formed t0 tbe ®arly days of the Re- number or societies have been organized I denomination, the speaker ..said: through the efforts or your beloved pas- frnmTh arraid tbat we are degenerating tor especially the Y. P. s. of C. Jfi The th® reverence of our forefathers. In influence of this society overcoming thn. those days there was never siich saloon and political power” 6 tbe! levity, going on in churches durinfc services as we often now see. Religion \ of JesuT VViTif Tou?’>SaD" “Take the mmef th'i.v Ho u f°refat;hers, was practiced in; A. K. Lutz, a theological student at their daily life. They had remarkable

ale seminary and member of the■' uvumconfir - I ior the teaching of God and the, tsible. We are now in the period of trans-

• •% •’* - • ion. TETHTagra, lice many changes going on.’ We must) “*lcd. fouaaob, ot Lebanon; duet, ot be lax, but bring about changes ( Soprano and tenor, ’"in the Cross of Christ Hhin ^meour religious lives. The proper We Glory; benediction; organ and or¬ . 3 Ko out and gather in those chestra, “Adagio,”, by Spobr. 0r ffioJc outside. Each member must be a ! i™ orchestra was the Ol- [soldier and the pastor a leader.” yeid0af fs Sunday school, com- ai , ^rick, astudent of Franklin posed ofthefoUowing: John iTouni, cor¬ colIeee and a member of the net, Charles Pott, clarionet; Dan’l .Marks speaker “uCAaf 0J:, ’S4’ was *»»«■ next [roun-'hass llulb’ trombone; Michael ;• V 18 a pleasure to again meet in this time-honored edifice, especially on 1 h»n°rfCa/10a °! tbis kIna- and grasp the j hand of my fellow-men and members of | this congregation. I am glad to have the ■ From, i privilege to speak, especially to the y oun «■ paruculariy the u classes of communT-’ ehS^hthhi wave rren confirmed in this I church by Rev. Kershner. The word CM i unnstian is often wrongly misunderstood. It is not only that we take unto ourselves !th« Dai?® of ^Eristian, but we must have f Date} °.f..Jesus 0hrist within us. VVithom that there is no use in coming to church. For to be a true Christian it re¬ quires more than sitting in a pew. A KUTZTOWN’S EABLYFAI33 Christ must be within us Partaking of the Lord’s Bupper is too Incidents Related by Daniel S. Kutz— frequently objected to. All sorts of e™ feome Interesting Reminiscences or fnntSe,0are 1?ad0’ sucil as business cares, His School Days. illness and many other such remarks. Kutztown.- Daniel S. Kutz, adescend- We must practice what we profess. We ■must give our bodies and souls to Christ. ivmnw111 tt* ta^f. . °P t-bis cross and fh!JikW twm' 'Dlcl you ever st°P to think that you were a pattern for , ‘i8°“9 u0ther -per30“7 What have you [ever done for Christ? 1 would like you to take that question homTwUh you and answer it withm your hearts.” The speaker called on the 271 communicants ^°t„w„ere c,onflJ“ed by tbe present pas- th« h°«nofi?U ean som0 nublic work for the benefit of religion and the prosperity #‘h° congregation.” Here he turned to Klershaer- and in the name of the < ,communicants, congratulated him upon "V W„™rei and 8ymPatby that he always t [bestowed upon the congregation.” Mr. Knck then in the. name of these of *finPr?;Sente^-tlle paator with a Purse t.1 * K Kev- .Kershner was completely taken by surprise. He stepped into the pulpit and endeavored to thank the com foi their Kindness, but was con- y attected. He requested the as¬ semblage to sing a hymn, after which DANIEL S. KUTZ. themCfVeJfd IlIiS-C2mposure’ and thanked ant of the Kutzs after whom Kutztown them for their kindness. was named, is 68 years old and lives near 1 never was a lover of mouey he said, the normal school buildings of this bor- »ut this act of kindness from loving ougn. He spent all his life here and in ,_riends was such that proved to me who Maxataway. Me was born on one of the ,were my truest friends.” There is no use big and well-conducted farms of the town! of producing anything to Drove that ou? hearts are bound with love.” fanning.*1 b3S aev0ted maay year8 The congregation then sang a hvmn There m no work he loves so well and ; Bev. Kershner announced that the trus¬ although somewhat hampered by age he tees intended placing many of the articles sull spends more than half the days of J18®!1 *a the decoration, within a tin box8 1 Mr ^ V* tb0 beld aind ab0llt thfi barn. including a copy of the Eagle, which Mr. Kutz is a jovial and intelligent old kL^1fibe Drese!'ved within the altar and man and is a son of Benjamin Kutz who cisea tiatl t!!6 uext centennial exer¬ was one of the early county commis cises. He thanked all those who assisted m making the celebration a success those EAGLE3h0e sfd;S- lQ C°nVer8ins w^h the who designed the decorations, the’ choir i “The first fair at Kutztown I remember f AtbufXAHUeai-music’ and the speakers as vividly as though held only twenty- w^.„WHdd!?? M?rch«" by Bartholomew five weeks ago instead of that was rendered by tne orchestra as the peo¬ many years. I helped to haul the ple were passing out. p In the evening the following pro- atoerafter thatt1hatn mupr Stoft ye 3, aryears aad aso.^^y Whenseason it gramme was rendered: Organ andPo!- hrstcame to be talked about that an annual P08HowPrrelUfe’» Gouaod: anthem, fair was to be held here there w»9 g ■ » How Lovely, choir; sermon, by Rev. deal ot speculation as to whether or not ^such a project could evr^e made a sue 1 y.

out the first exhibition removed all then in nearly a. Jbte. The tair was a pronounced sue slightest offense cl flogging, kept them in •ess from the very first year. Then when they got away rro "A quarter of a century ago, howevor. ihey felt like wild animals let 1 the exhibits were considerably difterent knowing that if they did mischief th from those of the present day. lathe least had a chance to escape punishm live stock department there were more At home every offense meant a thrashing. large bulls, hogs and sheep than now but At school tne teacher sometimes failed tc fewer thoroughbreds. More attention discover the guilty party. The first 1 at was paid to the ordinary brindled cow tended was in the parochial school house Than the finely bred Alderney, Jersey or belonging to St. John’s Union church. Later i attended the academy, a frame ^The poultry exhibits were iu every re¬ building erected expressly for the beneut ject equal to those of the present day. of the larger pupils. This building is still ; Races were fully as interesting as now, standing and is occupied by Mrs. Cresintz ' although the entries were not as numerous Miller It has been somewhat altered and the average time not as fa3t. since it was last used for educational pur¬ “There were l'ust as fine specimens and poses. The long, low stone building that lust as large exhibits of fruit, vegetables, was called the parochial school house still cereals, flowers, preserves, jellies, etc., as stands near the church. With the excep¬ now, but the variety was smaller. The tion of the porch that was added and the same can be said of the household depart¬ old-fashioned slanting cellar door that ment. Faking was carried on much more removed from the front of the build- extensively than now. .People invested mg very few changes have been made. 1 more freely in this direetion than at pres¬ was IS years old the last winter I attended ent About the 9amo class of music was school, but manv of the others were much it found on the fait grounds as in modern older. In those days the common schools bad twice as many adult pupils as now, \ye“The Ringgold band, of Reading, was and most of the teachers, who were In engaged some years as were also the nearly every case Yankees or Southerners, J — Eagle Point, Eleetwood and Alburtis looked like little boys aside some ot the bands. There was much less show ot strong,', big sons of Maxatawny farmers. , wearing apparel. Many of the farmers “Alexander Ramsey, who was after¬ . ^viewed the exhibits and older attractions wards governor of Minnesota and senator in the same clothes in which they did from the same state and secretary of war ,their olowing. A great many of the small under President Hayes, was the first boys were barefooted if the weather was teachers I had. He remained here only 1 a warm enough. The women Put on less term, when he returned to ms native •V style than now. There were not nearly place and was elected congressman. He as many teams in town on the big was a good teacher but poor disciplinar¬ { fall kinds were sold on the: grounds, ihe the teacher never trusted to have less than « - ,crowds were much more boisterous than 8 or 10 close at, hand, were dried and kept nowadays and fights were sometimes the underneath this platform. _ . • ’ result. The bullies of the surrounding “The teacher went on a whip hunting . country were in the habit of gathering expedition about once a week. When¬ i here to settle their grudges and to com- ever someone was to be thrashed one of i pete for the championship.’' the smaller boys had to crawl under the “Relate some of the incidents of your platform to get out the whips. vora t, school life,” said the visitor. slight offense only one whip was brought “Ah yes! Those school days were the into play, but if the offender was one »£| m03t pleasant period of my life, but, like the scapegraces of the school 5 or 6 whips many of the scholars ot the present day, were often used up before the teacher 1 didn’t know it until it was too late_ to ff Stopped. . recall them. Although we labored against “I was whipped about once a week, ana , many disadvantages and went to sc“^ generally very severely, although I was ! ln the days when the hickory rod was the only about 10 years old when I attended paramount instrument of discipline, a school in the old parochial building. In tender spot in my heart is touened eve.y the academy there wasn’t so much whip¬ time those days are referred to. ping. . . , “It carried back my memory to a long “One day 3 of mv companions and 1 list or old friends, who have long since commenced throwing wet paper balls at passed away, and whose affection tor one the ceiling, at the other pupils and at the another was probably strengthened by teacher’s head. After studding Ik'S ceil¬ the punishments we received on account ing pretty well with the halls, which ad¬ of the little conspiracies against the hered to whatever they struck, tne teacher. The rules were often broken by teacher discovered that we were the guilty us boys, not because we meant mischief, parties and called us to his desk. Our but rather to satisfy our great love thr trial was vary short, since the evidence sport, which in those days could not be was very convincing. The teacher or¬ so readily obtained outside as now. ina dered me to get underneath the platform Ichool was about the only place where tne and hand out a number of whips. With frisky youths met and had any chance to have fun. At home the stern eye and strong arm of the father, who was > X Portraits, including tni DeBeelen Berthoff, one of !7“n0e.8t0/,8’ t0Rether with the ooat ms of the DeBeelen family, together “nmber ot interesting and quaint th^lfaf d°ameni8j Amone ‘be oolleotion - desoended from the Baron De- f®6l®n 18 one recalls the anoient sys- tem of apprentici ship in this oounty, and

ite OLD PAROCHIAL SCHOOL HOUSE AT KUTZ- TOffS, an alacrity unbecoming the occasion I made my way under the platform. After Handing out the desired number of rods tefcsaSsSSE-S* f was requested by the teacher to come out again, but seeing tfiat l was in a safe place I refused The teacher saw that he couldn’t crawl under the platform himself, so he allowed me said malter nor fee it d„n« hi h^d° damage to tbe to stay, and proceeded to thrash my com¬ ing or giving“ £ OSS master panion, intending to get me out after¬ wards. He gave the 2 first a thorough soaking. The third remonstrated, and in the scuffle which followed the teacher was kicked in the abdomen so forcibly that tor a time he couldn’t talk, and with his head bent walked about and groaned, the pain, however, soon passed away when my companions were sent to their seats, and i was coaxed to come out from my retreat. I came out and was laiSSSSSasaassi jtbeonly one who escaped without being whipped at all. Such exciting scenes Trequently took place in the school. The .ifsiSHasEi-l small boys were frequently compelled to in ft appendage to this document sit alongside the girl3 w'hen they com¬ i i8/*. Humber of assignments by virtue of mitted a slight offence. I had to sit there which young Michael was sold. In the i quite frequently, and soon learned that it same year he was sold to John Evans for ( was more pleasant than elsewhere. The teacher finally saw this, and after that *8h *1 LDg8 and 81xPenoe- In the eight V gave me a good thrashing instead. years that he remained with Evans he evi- i^,Uyu,n0re88ed in vaJuefor, on Jan. 14 1792, he was sold to Joseph Ashton for Ponnds. Two years later the Baron From, DeBeelen acquired him on a rising market for eighteen pounds. The Baron kept him a year and realized on his investment ^hifit llng*°ni for ninetee“ pounds, ten / shillings, to James Hamilton. From this ' time he evidently began to deteriorate in value for, in 1799, John Bicking got him \ Date, for eighteen ponnds, fifteen shillings,and, 4- 180°. be was marked down and il! /!0 088 business at the reduoed SOLD SIX HUES. figure of ifaree ponnds, fifteen shillings. The document does not disclose whether A Curious Belle of Ancient Customs in or not he got his suit, his axes, his grub This County, Gleaned From the Histoiy blog ho©, his small rings and wodges, of the Gazzam and DeBeelen Families. Mr. A. deB. Mackenzie, editor of The World, has jast issued, from the press of From, Charles F. Haage, a handsome volume, en¬ titled “History of the Gazzam family, to¬ Cyi* j| gether with a biographical sketoh of the American branch of the DeBeelen family." Mr. Mackenzie, who is descended from Date, both of these families, undertook the work | principally at the suggestion of Joseph M. .Gazzam, the distinguished Pittsburg law- i yer, and the volume which he has pro¬ duced, though for private circulation only, IHE PENHi Is of considerable interest outside of the i families interested and is an admirable ipeoimen of geneulogioal and biographical Yasterday's Annual Session of the Society “searoh. The work is enriched with in This City, 74

their ancestry and to raise oentral Pennsylvania into Judge Penns packer, of Philadelphia, Sno¬ type of history. President Heckman then read his red. Dr. Heckman a. President—Daat nnal address. His subject wap, “German INight’. Banquet — Toasts and Ad¬ Colonization in America.” First, and dresses - A Monument for Conrad above all, we are American by birth and in feeling, with as muoh patriotic pride Weieer. aDy nation oan boast. But then, too, we are American citizens of German descent; The fourth annual meeting of the Penn¬ and in this also, we indulge in a prefer¬ ence! pride. But we are not assooistid sylvania German society was held in Mo- - n Lean nost hall yesteiday. Among those to herald or parade either our German or American nativity. Whatever secondary in attendance were: Ool. James Young, and valuable consideration may be in¬ ,Middletown;Prof. JohnS. Stahr J> D., volved in our organization, our society is Dr R. K. Baehrle, F. R Diffenderfer, primarily designed to secure the per¬ Prof. Geo. F. Mull, Major Jere Rohrer, all manent record of those historic facts which exhibit the large and noble race 7 of Lancaster; Rev. Thomas G. Porter, D. j which Germans occupy in American col¬ D of Easton; Julius F. Sachese, of 1 hua- onization and the development of our country.” Continuing, Dr. Heeitman gave a most interesting history of the colonists, and aonsidered their social,religious and politi¬ Dr J H. Redseeker, Christian cal characteristics. They were an intensely “fi J.iob it Sh«k .11 ol t.bu.o» l! religious people, children of maityrs. Rev. J. Max Hart, Bethlehem, Dr. W. J. Their log cabins were succeeded by log j Hoffman, Washington, D. O , »ev. 1.. schools and churches. They were the 'i v Hchantz, Myerstown; Rev. FI. Levan, most advanced of the colonists in indns- t j) d. Wilkesbarre; E. H. Rauch, Munch fciial arts and agriculture. He referred to j C chunk - E W. S. Parthemore, Harrisburg, them as they were in revolutionary times, | ( Ta Maurer, Harrisburg; *£*£*%£ their strength being such that the war for t tendent Sohatffer, Rev. M. 0. Peters, .New independence would have failed had they it York -Rev. SpaDgter, president Lrsinus not been by the side of the colonists. h collesr J S. Hess, Hellertown, an ex-! Dr E. Giumbine, of Lebanon, read a 3 senator - Rev. Paul De Schwernitz, Naza- poem entitled “Dar Frahl Hans,” aa epic i® reth- Dr W. B. Dieffenderfer, Pittsburg; of 1812 which was very amusing. r Dr D W Head, Philadelphia, and others. The remainder of the morning session j: B.v. Dr. G»o. O M..W was devoted to the transaction of busi- Reading, oal^ed the meeting to order at 10 The report of Secretary Frank R._ Dief- i, B'Rev J. Max Hark, D. D , of Beth- fenderffar showed the membership the *! lthem'offered prayer and President Heck- psst year to be 232 active, 4 associate and ? v man introduced Judge Ermentrout for the 2 honorary, making 238 in all. At the / i®'address of weloome. As a Penn a Ger- meeting of the executive committee in the ! i®> man, he said he would weloome the visi¬ morning, 40 new members were received. le tors to the beautiful city of Reading which Two members were lost by death—Gol. ft would always be German in thought and Sam. 0. Slaymaker andDr.Frank Muhlen- \ feeling and in progress. As a ruling foxee, \ the German settlers dominated the coun¬ The treasurer, Julius T. Saohse, of; try and impressed themselves upon the Philadelphia, read a report which showed , ‘ history of the entire state. Strength and receipts of $429.17 and disbursements of . s activity have always been characteristics $ 115.46 of the race. The earlier settlers dashed Rev. F. J. F. Scbantz, of Myerstown, i into the interior regardless of danger. read a telegram from Rev. W. H. Lewars, * They conquered a home in the wilderness of Annville, urging the individual help of t and later won for themselves a place « the members toward the erection of a mon¬ 1 history. Their industry and thrift were ument in memory of Rev. John Casper ,i ] proverbial. They have been prominent in Stoeber, who came to this country in 1728 I war and peace. and labored in Pennsylvania and Virginia , The retponse was made by Itev. lheo. with great success. E. Sohmank, of Lebanon, who said that Rev. Dr. Mosser introduced a resolution the meetings heretofore have been held for the appointment of a committee of 10 more on the outskirts, but today they-have f to cooperate with individuals and associa¬ come together right in the heart of the tions for the erection of a monument in Pennsylvania German settlements. Bead¬ memory of Conrad Weiser, which was ing is situated like a glistening gem set in- the midst of a.beautiiul environment and V These officers were elected: President, shining in two-fold color. Firs-, ?he *9 Judge W. S. Pennypacker, Philadelphia; truly ia a Pennsylvania German district vice presidents, General Gobin, Lebanon; for was it not laid out by Penn himself? Dr. N. C. Schaeffer; secretary, H. M. M. Second, it was truly German because Con¬ Richards, Reading; treasurer, Julius rad Weiser took up his residence hem Saohse, Philadelphia; members of execu¬ The speaker said that the mission of the tive committee, Rav. J. Max Hark, D. D., association was to inspire Pennsylvania of Lebanon, and E, H. Ranch, Mauoh German descendants with a deeper love for Chunk. _ 4

% Jim&t f&M.t At the afternoon session, in the absence or the ohairman, the newly eleoted vice president, Dr. N. 0. Schaeffer, ftate su¬ perintendent of publio instruction, pre¬ sided. * 0.T.he ®rst speaker wes Rev. John S. o:ahr, D D., on “The Pennsylvania Gar- man at Home.” The address was of some length, but was listened to very atten¬ tively, beiag full of inte-»sting history and Date, ^ V |data in reference to the Pennsylvania Ger- |ihan8. He traced their history and growth from the time of their first settlement in E OLD DE TUBQK FARM. this country, in the vicinity of German- jtown, in 1683, down to the present time, ■Searching Out old Records in oiey- and told of many pleasing incidents. soo Acres lor FSO-This was, in Hr. W. J. Hoffman read an interesting 171.2--The Rand Still Owned by the paper on ‘ Popular Superstitions,” which was well received. He referred to the Jf>eTtsrc!ts—interesting Sketch of the Founder of the Family. “«ny superstitions prevalent among the Pennsylvania Germans in different stages thh * research for facts regarding of their history, tracing them from their tneDelurck family, some interesting origin to the present time. documents were found in Olev Ore record has it that Isaac lie Turck, or le Suggestions were made by several of the iirck. as n was written at that time.caruo members as to a change in the time of to/America from “Erankenthal in trcr- meeting, but, after gome discussion, the m/any,” 1708. This is aa error as far as matter was laid over. 1S conc;?rnefl, because he came • The place of next meeting is left in the |I«Z if'Iri“fCe' nA-“-' thousands of others < hands of the executive committee. Phila¬ i, b-.y bied for their lives on account of re- delphia, Bethlehem and Mauch Chunk, Ligious persecutions, and after they were presented their claims. 'gone aa their property was confiscated by The meeting then adjourned and the y„ *iflDe aames of iiartolet, L ! members were taken over the Gravity lf«m»iu 11 6 n°'v JJlerolf> <“d many familiar names were among those wht road, leaving Penn square on special oars jiert. A,l of them were Huguenot0 i at 3 40 and the Gravity station at 4 10, re¬ In the colonial records of New York is turning to the city shortly after 6 o’clock, ,recorded the arrival of lsaac Ie l'irck of | much pleased with the ride. h raukenthal, and his sister Esther. On All the members, with but few exceptions, were the way over on the ship in 17QS or 1709 at the reception and banquet in Library hall, last ho became acquainted with a widow’ evening. The hall was beautifullv decorated with plants and evergreens The orchestra was bidden which acquaintance resulted in their mar¬ | on the stage behind a huge bank of evergreens and riage on their arrival in New York The - palms. The°l'i ? Was.Marla Von Wei’morin? I The members began to arrive shortly sfiev 1 i^ . fuf ilers*. m' were added accord¬ o’clock and by 8 they were seated about half a ing ,u the old custom, signifying the lem- dozen tables, each one of which -oas adorned with j candelabra and flowers, The menu, wlr.ch was an ' mine. lemales had in added to the^r ' elaborate one, was served in Caterer Dorsey’s best 'r names such as DeTurckin, Hochin etc style. Daring the progress of the dinner the (isr- j ; therefore the above widow’s name was j mania orchestra rendered a concert program, V on vVeuner, or later, simply VVeimer as / j George F. Bear, Esq , was toastmaster, and it a the present day. With the wid!Tw was < was about 9.30 when he rapped for order and in- . ' trodueed the first speaker, Kev. Dr, Henry fosser ■p, ber daughter by her first husband! who responded to the toast, “The Schuy kill Val- They settled in Duchtas countv N v ley.” The other toasts responded to were: "Civil S out only remained there a few years. ’ Du- Liberty and Self Government,” Major John Rein- I urck anil family left there and came ■ oehl of Lancaster: “The Pennsylvania German to l ean a xn 1712. On June nth " Antiquarian.” Judge 8. Pennypacker, Philadel¬ phia; ‘‘The Heritage of Conrad Weiser,” Morton w ye2r a warrant issued to him by L. Mon’gcmsry; “The Influence of Our Race in he A m. Penn land commissioners ol the Literature, ” Dr. R, K. Buehrle, .ancaster; “Our province of I enn’a, viz., Samuel Carpen- Mothers aid Housewives,” Hon. Henry Houck, er, Richard Hill, Isaac Norris and Jas Lebanon; “pennsylvahia - German Surnames,’’ Logan, calling for 300 acres of land for Prof. Levi O. Kuhns, Middletown, Hd. The retiring president, Fsv. Dr. Heckman, made kjO, to be called Oley. What the nale " a few parting remarks and closed by introducing ->l_ey signifies is not definitely known but the new presiding officer, Ecn. S. Pennypacker, of t is supposed to mean a level yailer Philadelphia, who thanked the members for the funded by a chain of mountains on all honor conferred and predicted much sue ess for i be document for the 300 acres .« the future of the socieiy. It was midnight when taey adjourned. E 1, D , ,sara? old tarmTmJvTbwned by Nathan De i urck, near Friedenabur”- X it is the oldest record of anv land so far found in that vicinity. It is’recorded in Thila. in book A, Vol 5, page 10b' and the date of recording is March 21, 17H5. (Jha« krockden was the recorder. The land warrant is m a remarkable good state oi preservation. The large wax seal 3S t inches m diameter, is not mutilated or broKen ,n the least. All the penmanship is in large, plain letters and beatui fully executed. I he name of Wtii. i^en’ is ...in the, -nbeginning ■ u ' j-* ^ of’ the writip' and is in largeOS! old^ EnLi * ionish _letters. \J must be remembered that, Fjbila. conn mg

the deer leap over the small brush .eluded the land now known ns Berks was no heavy timber in Oley at, county. The original De-Turck farm is that time. Inquirers have been unable n a branch, of tbo Manatawny, near ■ to And many trees in the whole Fricdensburg. The greater part ot the P eastern part of Fennsylvania, that are land is still included in the original farm, over 150 years old. It may seem strange, and some of it is owned now by Abraham but it is a fact. In the Facific coast trees K. Ue Tarek, also a lineal descendant. dve found having 1.500 rings of growth, The old homestead which the ancestral shoeing that to be their age. According Isaac De Turck settled on, is now in charge to, is, this part of the U. B. is the newer of Isaac Ue Turck, he bemg of the 6th gene oaf a . of this continent. Another fact ration. There is no doubt but that ibis farm will continue a long time in this family.i handed down, is that the elder Do Turk being a great hunter, in the fall and win¬ Tradition says, aiso, that the sister,) ter Vould be gone for weeks. He gener¬ Esther Ue Turck, who came over with ally went southwest probably into Vir¬ Isaac Uefurek, married John Keini, the ginia. He always said he visited a places ancestor of all the Keinis. I he history where two waters met, and where there f of the Heim family, which is now being was a large failing of waters. The sup-1 written, tells of that romantic marriage.! position is that lie also owned laud thefe, The elder Uefurek brought along irom but he died and never gave his descen-: France a.Bible in 3 volumes. Only one' dants any information on the subject. He volume can be found thus far. It begins! with Genesis and the book of Job is the died about 1737, and is supposed to be! buried on the old homestead in Oley. H last in the volume. Each page is divided There are 2 graves there, with field stones! into 5 parts and on every pag6 are 5 dif¬ at head and foot, according to the old cus-j ferent versions of the Bible. The first is tom. It is supposed Isaac De Turck and! the Catholic, next Lutheran, next Re¬ wife are buried there. Their children are| formed, next Jewish and the last is Hfe.l- als? buried there. Amos Ue Turck. a; landish. The Catholic and Lutheran ver¬ lineal descendant, was buried in the same! sions read sometimes alike, but the other graveyard last summer, but no more1 3 are entirelv different. Some have tnc bodies will be interred there. When the same mcauing, but in the 3 last versions original Isaac Ue Turck went hunting, j) the difference is radical, having nothing iu common. The Bible of this print his wife packed his saddle hags with! iood, including apples. The same kind! did not include the New Testament. It of apple was always selected. From this: was printed sometime between 1660 and 1700. The title page, if it ever had one, fact, the apple was finally called the! “Jacht” or (Yacht) apple or hunter ap-R :s lost. The book is printed in German ole. On the old Ue Turck homestead this| ype. At that time in France, to have same apple grows in abundance. SomeS hose books, the penalty was death. How on be trees are 60 feet high. he elder De l'urck succeeded in getting #:

away with the books is a mystery. After ' the Huguenots came to Oley and settled, ‘orm ihev concluded to have nothing more to do with organized religious matters, as tar as church denominations were con¬ V cerned. They were satisfied to lead a From ikz quiet and God feariug life. All & were taught to pray and work, ? her mother to learn music and painting. ~ * Itil tit r fiir (THWi ^ Iji ■» ‘ Her mother told her that when she was l 'Sf. i competent to cook, bake, pray aud be a OUR OLDEST DUTCH COLONY. housekeeper, as ail women should be, l then she would give her consent, and no j sooner, . How well those Huguenots pro¬ A PAPER BY H. M. M. RICHARDS OF vided for their descendants can be seen to GREAT HISTORICAL VALUE. this day, by the excellent way they put up their buildings. Borne which were j erected between 1755 and 1780 are models What He Discovered in the Coarse of His to‘ this day of good workmanship, ma¬ Researches as a Member of the Indian sonry and carpentry. Fort Commission—The Colony ]n the forestry of Oicv there is aiso an of the Mlnislnk Flats. interesting fact worthy or mention. The) elder Ue Turck was a great hunter and it is handed down as a fact, that when he IFor the Reading Times.] and the Indians were hunting deer in tbei /alley of Oley with dogs, they generally) Mr. Editor: In a recent issue, under [ tent themselves on high ground some¬ the caption of “An Early Dutch Colony,” i where near where the oid “Herubut meet- yon quote most interesting statements ng house,” which was demolished several | from an address of Judge Pennypacker Fears ago. It was at the end oi the De at Philadelphia, intended to show that Turck tract, on the road leading from the Dutch settlement on the Delaware, Oley line to Friedensburg. The “Hern-1 at the mouth of the Hornkill creek, was I huf” people were a branch of the Mora¬ vians. From this point they could see! . ■ v!Slfe he earliest German colony in Pennsvl 1 Nearly ail the lanTlIong-TEe Deia twa’ antedating some twenty years ,ware river, from Stroudsburg Quite a ) 1683 l™f PaS^orious at Germantown in by savins S TeryJ0pghtfully ends owV.rbAX,S“’„rM„sfsISi ahon/nf8 w have 8tl11 wach to learn about our own country ” Tn thin t <■ 1 '

S, ! a&sssj fo 1755,%S8VUDtSStcl“" | our learned State. Librarian, Dr. Egle tl ! U3> what so few know how Jreat V

| were this dm °,d Com^™lth. the B7r’itTsh°G eXisteace ™8 unknownto J the fact 6 ■n°ri0t US would realize ineffritish Government for many years j patrio+flJ*ln the greatness of her j patriotism, resources and history Penn- noror e^diugendingn ofnft ^then, -beautifulkneW not river‘^course which ^Tania: ?s excelled by none of her sister flowed past their doors, and hid nevlr ? States, if even equalled by them- and film pen^lth®r Philadelphphia or Wil- te£Sj txermans,e 2*takeT pride T ,ind Wour"- r»»s“V»”adescent from id 3 terdflv^th thenlDStre °f whose deeds is r*v“ F 8* tardily, though surely, beginning tn shine forth) not as the feeble8light of a 1 sun ’ itsJif 3 tho “ore giorious rays of the j sun itself as they break through the | motes,r«t‘r“' clouds which have hitherto obleu red l/sjy,n2 tot . ythe,hB yeffectoPrDelaware river. They opened up two utch colony. Still more unfortunately, mines, later known as the “Mine Holes ” jit is very likely that the whole subiert °ae.on JerSey side of the Delaware, where the mountain nearly approaches L'hth.”t4 w*-* “dS the lower point of Pasquarry Flat ” the exist wtth meagre facts any longer otuer at the north foot of the same moun- I thl e i h re8ard to it. Few as may be the seed ip my possession I will, never- tain half-way between the Delaware and Hudson. From these mines much valu¬ - SKwSf in“• hi<»*» able ore is said to have been hauled to 78 %

/Esopus over the road made by them and later called the “Mine Road.” Pene¬ OF trating a little farther our Dutch friends struck the fertile low lands of Pennsyl¬ vania, and here, with the usual sagacity READING’S RIOT. ol their race, they built their homes and settled. Then came the abundant har¬ vests, the surplus of which was still hauled over the Mine Road to Ilsopas, The Dreadful Scenes of Dis¬ the only market they knew, and, in¬ deed, the only one which then existed, order and Bloodshed There even if thev had known all about the course of the Delaware, save possibly the in 1877. Swedish settlements near its mouth. One day in 1664 the aggressive English¬ men captured New Amsterdam and SEVEN MEN MOWED DOWN. suppressed Dutch supremacy in, that part of our country. When again our settlers made their journey to Esopua, with their ores and merchandise, they The Deadly Charge of the Fourth Regi¬ learned this sad fact and received their ment Through the Railroad Cut. first shock. Later we know how the C1 enemy invaded their very homes, and Details of the Burning cf the i then came the end. To-day some of '1 I their descendants still occupy, in peace Lebanon Valiey Bridge. , the property of their forefathers, honored | and respect d.by their neighbors of dif- 1 ferent blood. ,warn Special Correspondence of “The Press.” 1 Unfortunately our honest settlers were Beading. March SU.-The memories of | men of toil, who doubtless thought it the mass of the people are comparative ! sufficient if they faithfully performed ly short. In a very few years the rec¬ ! their work and cared for their fami ollections and lessons of .the most 1m- 1 without deeming it necessary to collect nortant and stirring events oecome dim 1 anfi preserve historical data for the X.r, overshadowed by the c.mmoh- benefit of po.t.rHj. I" «■*». “ » place happenings which occupy the at less to say, they have, alas! too tention for the time being. closely resembled many others of i One of these crises occurred but little their time. As a result they, mostly the grandchildren of the original colonists, were unable to give any satis¬ l&KarvwfiiSric77 *• in the manner of its mcep factory data to their inquiring anu as in the rapidity of Us spread, in tonisbed visitors, who would gladly[ have tire1'fierceness of the conflicts ascertained more concerning their on moSbnspeirU’that prefailed, in the wanton gin. All that could be gleaned was, in in the main, what has already been « eT* insurrection stated. One fact, however, appears to have been established, and tfaat fact was of me that, a number of years before New York In the last dozen years. That nsur rec n/hich came almost without any was occupied by the English, in 1664, warning which apparently resulted from these people lived along the Delaware ri" Sd’S-a commercUl S^r^r -of tion with their brethren on the Hudson. ceivabie rapidity through^and toneary If we remember that the Pastorius set tlement at Germantown took place in nearest approach to anarchy which this icq* that of Penn no earlier, and even ° NeitthereVetrheW,tsetrikeS in Homestead. S “tio«,a bp J»ag. C^cago or Brooklyn, or ah of them oo»- at the mouth of the Hornkill cree about 1664, are we wrqng in ciammg rtio^rS. .»d“ »«rc, »d our colony on the Minisink Flats, along the upper Delaware, to be the oldest ot00suchda generafVear ^Tthe triumph Dutch or German settlement m Pennsyl f mob rule6 For a few days the coun¬ 1 vania, antedated only by that of the ts was terrorized and held its breath. EX ^essXn a week law am. order j Swedes ? asserted themselves and everytmn.

Tnedo°fntaheU«n1ers of Industry that was thus swept by that ?tneresu,ted surrection was Reading. xhibltlon 0f From, . in riot bloodshed and the exhibition oi a fierce spirit of destruction and law- .iiZJU.£?. &J*~S2KA'

Date, 1 I ‘ “ iSi s. SS8^ ■ ees, either in any of the'indu«tVi-vr » of - the City or on any of eel from proceeding farther? The train the railroads centering here. In the going in the other direction was likewise P_f,c?.dinE ^Prl1 President Gowen. of the stopped and the engines of both un¬ move Ralroaci' made his famous coupled. This action was quickly fol¬ “ye a^ainst the Brotherhood of Loco- lowed by the spiking of switches, the tearing up of rails, and within half an Sl flf lers' whlch resulted in the hour by the firing of a caboose. When sertZl^J eng!neers Quitting the over In off ll,f «*Pany, but this was this blazed up it was a signal for firing many more.mug carstiais standing on tnethe tracks nrnL ,, fe7 days' Thls of course had pioduced a feeling of discontent among :bStW66Tlbetween 1'the Vi P main stationclotlon and the_ Leba¬t » . non Valley• “-“w railroadlaniuau bridge.unuge. ~nd .eh!fr * and their■ sympathizer “! The burning- of the caboose and cars The PreSenl 111 the community ( together with a few squabbles with some nnrnui^ ^ aent oonSefl«er>t upon the un¬ paralleled depression in business and in- of the firemen, who feebly tried to put out the flames, sufficed to give vent to of l873.tlat had exlsted Bince the panic “*,« 'fwless spirit of the mob until about CROWDS BEGIN TO GATHER. midnight, when a suggestion that had oeen jnade at one of the meetings of the But there was no sign of any out- qltaka°r anry apPrehension of any until the rreHr°ade^ the day before to burn Saturday. July 21, 1877. On that dav . Lebanon Valley bridge, one of the crowds began to gather around the bull J upwlrdTnf1 ra,Iroad bridges in the State, tin boards to hear the news and uoon upwards of one hundred feet high snen- 5™“,.nent St.reet corners to discuss the gorle^of1 fhr‘eSQ °f brick arches the deep situation, wnile it was rumored that was e- -f Lhe Schuyl!d|I at this place, hlw1-°f the railroaders were bein? ! no soonir ™0afhed The eusgestion was held to determine whether or not thev ooner made than work was began that werT^ " tW3 City the°scenes the brffi int0 effect Tlle trusses8 Of that were being enacted in Pittsburg bum in dm Wfe, ?f ,W,°od’ having been i Wheeling and many other places On was carripri A ° ,° lumber and waste frnmneX.Vday’ ,Sunday’ the exciting news struct!?, a d a"d inserted amongst the erom other points together with the ru T W°rk through one of the mors of outbreaks in this city cause trap doors and a match applied. considerable apprehension. Many rail FLAMES CLAIM THE BRIDGE. roaders and idle people stood in groups In a very short time the flames began to spread, and in Jess than °egan thp pnfir? , ss t"an half an hour dred felt „f . gMhr°Ugh its ei&ht hun- seminc °f» 'en*th- was I" flames, pre- nnowho fined fh«the ebanksH ,°USands and filled of spectatorsthe rorae above and below the structure one the most magnificent sights ever wlt- edK Iri a litt,e more than an hour

£ *£ ten°kwithhe ,doters were apparently5con- <“rS!,durln- IheSUSSS-r* n? Klhey had dea accomplished"*a o» Pyri|P,l7eowr!Clbo!'a,,e77,t7dr'(ht,1CC',Jrase

it, applied the brake?an/SS?*. upon Peter Cullen, Chief rt PoHee During the Rlote ccalCdumpedhupoar\hTt?ackran|d%lkp toProducrak«a^her tl Suthe rRhroad tracks and around Ihe shops and depots of the Reading coupfedwith the exciRnfaf6 °/ traina. Railroad Company, but no one made a move to disturb anything, to stop a train, or destroy any property of the company wjf By nightfall, however, the air was fun -of rumors of contemplated movements by the assembling P^nt^and by^hei^pres? the railroaders and crowds assembled at Seventh and Penn a,nd congregated around the outer station to see wliat would happen. The gathering of the crowds seemed nt length to give to the real mob and those who were bent upon disorderly deeds the proper courage to proceed. Accordingly, at 10 o’clock, the train from Allentown to Harrisburg was stopped and prevent- SEVENTH AND PENN STREETS, SHOWING THE SPOT WHERE THE PEOPLE WER HILLED ISY THE MILITIA, AND ALSO Til17 If ' rr noAD COT IN WHICH THE SOLDIERS WERE ATTACKED, once gave courage to those who were cent on mischief. At 6 o’clock a most ously attacked with stones and bricks ’'exciting and thrilling incident occurred. which were hurled down from above. At that time an express train from Phil¬ The troops were in a most dangerous adelphia was due. It was in charge of position as their assailants were above Engineer Savacool and Conductor Fres- them and behind the heavy stone coping. coln... At Birdsboro they..... _ received Many of the troops were struck, some of word that they were likely to be inter¬ them knocked down and their rifles fered with at Reading and that they knocked out of their hands. When they I-*.. should run carefully in approaching the got within half a block of Penn Street city on account of possible obstructions near the Court Street Bridge a few 1 i being placed upon the track. They obey- of them began to fire at their assailants 1 1 ed these orders, and upon coming into upon the coping above and one or two I the city the engineer observed a track persons were hit. This did not stop the 1 i blocked by a dense mob. He at once attaek, however, and a volley was fired . made up hi3 mjnd that tiis only chance straight ahead toward the mass at >’ for safety was to dash right through it Seventh and Penn. at full speed. He accordingly opened the SEVEN MEN MOWED DOWN. throttle and thf engine responding in a moment developed a speed of about for¬ The first volley was aimed rather high ty-five miles an hour. and few if any were hit and it had no The mob at first made frantic demon- effect, whatever, in dispersing (he crowd. litratiens, intended to cause him to stop, It was quickly followed by another ■H»Ji)ut when they saw the speed at which which was aimed low and which 1 >e was approaching they scattered in proved to be one of the deadliest ever very direction and gave him a clear delivered either in regular or mob war¬ i . passage. The locomotive, however, was 'bliged to plow, through several carloads fare. The bullets plowed through the \ if coa.1 which had been dumped upon mass of people and in a moment the \ i the track and did so in safety. Engineer vast crowd realized what was taking I Savacool ran l^is train in safety to the place. In an Instant each member of it i outer station, but the mob, exasperated who was able1 rushed away in a wild \ by liis escape, i followed a few minutes panic of fear. They rushed over and \ ater, dragging him from the train, beat trampled upon one another, they drop¬ \ m into insensibility, drove out many ped down into cellar ways, rushed into \ the passengers and would have burn- stores and hotels urged on by a terror \ ■. the cars but for the coolness of the of the death dealing missiles. nductor, who succeeded In persuading And they had reason to flee, for the ,i ;m that it was foolish to stop passen- soldiers hemmed in by the mob in the s who had already paid for their cut, bruised and wounded by stones and 1 tets and whose detention therefore bricks were exasperated and full of h >uld not injure the company. fight. ■ Shortly before 8 o’clock the Fourth Almost In a minute the place was Regiment of the National Guard num¬ cleared and no one was left except bering about 300 men under command of the dead and wounded who strewed Colonel Good qnd accompanied by Gen¬ the vicinity of the encounter as thickly eral Reeder arrived at the outer sta¬ as upon any great battlefield. The tion and at once disembarked and at place where the bulk of the crowd had ome started for Seventh and Penn about stood but a few minutds before was lit¬ four blocks away, marching down the erally dripping In blood. Seven lay dead railroad tracks, through a cut from upon the street and eidewalks and up- vard of thirty lay there wounded. several of them' n __th, while In every direction ... every direction persons who had been Ing around the troops threatened u hit or more or less wounded were limp¬ ing away or being assisted by friends. renew the attack, but, perhaps, fearing , The total casualities as It was after¬ another volley they thought better of it and confined their demonstrations to wards learned were ten killed and threats and denunciations. some sixty to one hundred wounded, many of the latter very seriously, their The march in through the cut * undoubtedly a military blunder and Injuries resulting in causing them to be cripples for life. resulted in unnecessary bloodshed, t the killing of a number of Innoc Among the wounded were six police¬ people. This, however, is always men, five of whom were badly shot while the chief of police himself re- separable from a fight with rioter, I ceived a bullet hole through his coat. kut whatever may be- said of that, it One person was killed who ’was crossing effectually put a stop to disorder In the the street two blocks below. In a short c;ty-, During that night some of the i time the drug stores In the vicinity and ringleaders broke into the armory of other stores were turned into temporary the Reading Artillerists and captured hospitals. All the physicians In the city their rifles and ammunition. They also were summoned and such scenes were looted a gun store and many of them witnessed as w.la only familiar to the marched around the streets In a threat- eyes of old soldiers. In a near under¬ ™an"?r- Some more of the rails , taking shop lay seven dead bodies upon of the Reading Railroad tracks ilit«>e><' ! trie city were torn up, and srtme cars the floor while the groans of the wound¬ were looted, but wherevei’ the rioters ed were heard from nearly every door¬ went the people fled rrom them as from i way. Store fronts, doors, windows and a pestilence, and they were unable at awning posts were shattered by bultef any point to collect a sufficient crowd to * and all the gruesome accompaniment embolden them to commit any overt of genuine war were present. act of destruction so that, though mill- ! THE SITUATION MASTERED. Ions of dollars worth of property of the i After emerging upon the street the Reading Railroad Company were ex¬ troops rallied for a moment collected posed, the troops being penned up in the themselves together, picked up their railroad station, a few coal and iron wounded, and then marching down the policemen sufficed for their protection. street rallied again in front of the Man¬ SG • : The next day more militia arrived, but sion House. They presented a sorry were relieved in the evening by a regi¬ looking appearance. Many of their ment of the Unitd States regulars under clothes were lorn, numbers of them had Captain Hamilton. Their soldierly bear¬ lost their rifles and they were bleeding ing and businesslike appearance In¬ from cuts and bruises and were excited spired confidence in the public, and fear and nervous over their recent trying ex¬ in the hearts of the rioters. By the next perience. By this time some remnants day, although the Sheriff and Mayor were ostentatiously enrolling extra policemen and deputies, all fear of

5*2 ^ to rr fO ^ Cr CM P

3o„ a v

BCftNING OF THE LEBANON VALLEY BRIDGE, ON JULY 21, 18T7. wife, three sons and left their native land, owing to political dissensions, and sought a d dome in America. They left Rotterdam From, in the ship Neptune, Captain George L SmUb, and landed October 7th, 1755. He located in Rmladelphia, where he was soon highly esteemed for his .^V literary, medical and surgical ability As the tide of German 1 emigration was moving up the bchuyl- Date,^. (i <* y. XK. .//.J. 1 kill valley, whose fertile lands were fasti becoming occupied by a thrifty class of seitlers, Dr. O to followed the footsteps of many of hii worthy countrymen and moved to Reading, locating here in 1773. j Dlf BODO OTTO IN OIL. As an evidence of the influence of Dr Otto among his lellow-countrymen with PORTRAIT TO BE PRESENTED TO THE whom he had resided but three years he VALLEY FORGE ASSOCIATION. was iu 1776 chosen one of the delegates to represent Berks county iu the Provin¬ cial Conference which met in Carpen- Nowon Exhibition at the Studio of Artist ters’ hall, Philadelphia, June 18th, 177b. Amos Gable—Scotch of the Uis-'^ j As a further evidence of his patriotic de¬ tingulehed Revolution¬ votion to the interests of his adopted ary Surgeon. country, early in the progress of the 1 Revolution he offered his services as a surgeon in the American army and they! A portrait in oil of Dr. Bodo Otto, of were gratefully accepted. During the, this city, who served w’th distinction in gloomiest period of that prolonged wa the War of the Revolution, has been tor liberty and independence while the , painted by Artist Gable lor henry M. armv of General Washington was en¬ Otto, Centre avenue and Greenwich camped at Valley Forge, Dr..Otto, as¬ streets, and is now ou exhibition ai the sisted by his two sons, Drs. John A. and artist’s studio, 11 North Ninth street. It Bodo Otto, Jr , were surgeons in charge is jo be presented to the Valley, torge of the camp hospital. He endured the Memorial Association and placed on the same privations during the menoorable walls ot the old Washington headquar¬ winter ol 1777-78 while devoting himself ters among the other interesting and to the welfare of the sick and wounded. valuable relics of that period. Mr. Otto After the disastrous battle of Brandy vis is a grandson of Or. John A. Otto, a son wine, September 11th. 1777, Trinity ot the subject of the portrait The pre- Latheran chnrcb, Reading, was used k’v | sentation will be made on June 19th, with the consent ot the congregation, ’ when the Daughters of the Revolution and possiby under the direction of Dr ’I I and the Memorial association will be in n __ » . n 1\ \ i nun Ivl Otto as a hospital for the sick and i I session at Valley Forge. Mre. Anna M. wounded soldiers who had been brought Holstein Regent ot the association, has addressed a letter to Mr. Otto thanking hTt the close of the Revolutionary war him for the interest he has manifested in Dr Otto returned to Reading, rosumed the matter and assuring him of the ap~ the practice of bis profession, ana in the pieciation of the association. A brief meantime took a prominent part in.the biographical sketch of Dr. Otto will ac¬ admin stration of local affairs. He d company the portrait as follows. June 13, 1787, and the remains are in¬ DE. BODO OTTO. terred in the old Tiiuity church yard. Dr Bodo Otto was born in the King¬ Toe following certificate is of special dom of Hanover, Germany, 1709, and interest. It is from John Cochran, who V obtained bis Christian name in honor ot was director of the military hospitals Baron Bodo, who was his sponsor in bap¬ daring the Revolution: "Tnia is to cer¬ tism. He was the son of Christopher and tify that Dr. Bodo Otto served in the Marie Magdalena Otto. He was regu¬ capacity of senior surgeon in the hos¬ larly educated as a surgeon under the pitals /f the United States in the year authority of the government in fhe Uni¬ 1776 and when the pew arrangement in versity of Gottingen, where he also j April 1777, took place he was continued received special instruction in anatomy, iff that station until the subsequent ar¬ physiology, botany and physics. He rangement of September, 1780, when he was then received as a member ot ibe | wasgappointed hospital . pby8,c'*n J College of Surgeons at Lueneberg, and surgeon, in which capacity he officiated had charge of prisoners in the Fortress TntU a reduction of a number of the of¬ Kaleberg and the Invalides, quartered^in ficers of said deptrtraeut, in January, the town. He was twice married, the 1782 was made During the whoie » first time iu 1736 to Elizabeth Saucben, the time he acted in the above «£toju ,nd the second time in 1742 to Dorotha he discharged his du'y_with great faith- '.lehmcben. In 1755 Dr Otto and his idlng ~£ ife Department have been; „Jvely engaged in making prepara- ioris for the event. Already the city gaily decorated, thousands of dol- rars having been spent for paintings,JL W * (flags and bunting. All business es- H ; From,i jtablishments and most private houses have been magnificently draped ant. ■ . festooned. . To make the convention and tourna¬ ment a success the Firemen’s Union have left nothing undone. Commit¬ /cfyj tees of active and experienced firemen . Bate, have been hard at work, looking after i all the various details to make every¬ thing pleasant for the thousands of visitors who are expected. A conser- I vative estimate places the number of VoJbl^f care and’ aVenUon*.' The "Mr? visitors at not less than 50,000. There inanity for which he wag distinguished wfill not be less than 10,000 men in towards the brave American soldiery the line of parade, which will cover claims the t ianks of every lover of his ten miles of streets. country, and the success attending his All hotels have made extensive practice will be a sufficient recommenda¬ preparations for the accommodation tion of his abilities in his profession.” of guests and several important ad¬ ditions have been built. The Man¬ This certificate is dated January 26th, sion House, for instance, has been 1782. increased to double its former size, a new six-story building having been The First Veteran Volnutee-. added in the rear, and the front raised Capt. H. A. Eisen’oise.of the Fifty-fifth to the same height. Besides the ho¬ Regiment, PennsylvaniaVoluubeers, was tels, many private boarding houses have consented to accommodate the the first veteran volunteer. W.ien Con¬ representatives of fire companies at gress passed the law he was a captain in the solicitation of the different local the Forty-sixth Regiment, and his term committees. All the public halls have having expired, he re-cnlisted,and under been leased, where the especially in¬ Lt*e provision of the act selected his regi¬ vited guests of the. Reading fire com¬ ment and company. He chose the Fifty- panies will be handsomely entertained. ffth Regiment, Company G, which was Each of the local companies will have from eight to twelve visiting com¬ then lying at Reaufort, S. C. panies as guests. There will also be

Harry Addis. Arthur Larkin, W. W. Wunder, George O Mee Neversink Engine. \Vashington H. and L. Keystone H. and L. Riverside 'En-ine. The Reading Fire Department

BRIEF HISTORY OF THE LARGEST VOLUNTEER DEPARTHENT IN THE UNITED STATES. many private receptions^ teiiderg^ ^ the families of Reacting The firemen’s convention, parade and tournament, to take place in '^Th^State ^k'e^r^'nd^OpSra^^oXse! Reading this week, promises to be convene ini the Gt ami up ^ i the largest demonstration of the kind Reading, on T^esaay ceremonies will ever witnessed in Pennsylvania. For 2 P. M. The openms «rem Y. nearly a year the members of the consist of Prayer by R welcome, on twelve companies- constituting Chapman; addresses o Mayor behalf of the municipality. .. JUNIOR ENGINE HOUSE, READING. j for the ball, to be given Iri^TfeeTr" William F. Shanaman; addresses of - honor, in Maennerchor Hall, com¬ welcome on behalf of the Reading mencing at 9 P. M. Fire Department, by Charles M. ! On Thursday, October 3, the great Plank, Esq,, president of the Fire¬ parade will take place. It vftll be men’s Union. The response will be in twelve divisions, each being head¬ by George W. Brooks, of Coatesville, ed by a local company, in order of president of the State Association. The convention will then proceed with seniority, the Rainbow, the oldest fire company in Reading, instituted March I ' the regular business, as arranged by ! 17, 1773, marching at the head of the secretary, William W. Wunder, of this city. the first division. The first and sec¬ On Tuesday evening there will be a ond divisions will form on South banquet in Maennerchor Hall. How¬ Third street, right resting on Penn r- ard P. Wanner, chairman of the Ex¬ street; third and fourth divisions on ecutive Committee, having the ar¬ North Third street, right resting on rangements for the firemen’s conven¬ Penn street; fifth and sixth divisions tion and tournament in charge, will on South Fourth street, right resting be toast master. Following will re¬ on Penn street; seventh and eighth spond to toasts: Mayor Shanaman, divisions on North Fourth street, "The City of Reading;” Hon. James N. right resting on Penn; ninth and Ermentrout, "Our Fire Department;” tenth divisions on South Fifth street, Hon. G. A. Endlich, "Then and Now;” right resting on Penn; eleventh divi¬ Hon. H. Willis Bland, "Our Guests;” sion on Chestnut street, right resting Hon. James R. Kenney, “Our Jolly on Fifth; Twelfth division on Frank¬ . t|Senien.’' Coyers will be laid for 600 lin street, right resting on Fifth. j Pe-sons. Music for the occasion will The route of parade will be as fol¬ b® fu™ls,hed by the Ringgold Band. lows: Form at Third and Penn streets, On Vv ednesday, October 2, there will proceed up Penn to Perkiomen avenue, be an exhibition of the New York Life out the avenue to Nineteenth street, Saving Uorps, by special permission countermarch to Fifth, thence to ot the Fire Department of that city. Washington, thence to Tenth, to Robe¬ r.hlf1 TS.11 ,ta1?® Place in Penn Square son, to Fourth, to Pine, up Pine to at 11.oO A. M. The convention will Fifth, down Fifth to Bingaman, up reconvene at 2 P. M. At 7 P. M. the Bingaman to Eleventh, up Eleventh j delegates will be taken over the to Penn, down Penn to Third street mountain railroads, returning in time and dismiss. Following is a complete list of the 125 visiting fire companies who will participate in the parade, and quarters for whom have been secured: Volunteer Fire Association, Tivoli Hose, In¬ dependence, Acme, Volunteer Association, William Penn Hose, Tally-Ho, Veteran Fire¬ men’s Association, South Penn, Fairmount, Hand-in-Hand and Harmony, all of Philadel¬ phia; Columbia and Shawnee, both of Colum¬ bia; Bridgeport, of Bridgeport; Fame, Phoe¬ nix, Weccacoe and Washington, all of Wil¬ mington, Del.; Fame, First and Goodwill, of West Chester; Atlantic, of Atlantic City; Philadelphia, Empire Hook and Ladder and Goodwill, of Pottstown; Humane, Montgomery, Fairmount and Norris Hose, of Norristown; Laurel, of York; Rainbow, of Schuylkill Ha¬ ven; Junior Hose, of Chambersburg; Friend¬ Samuel Adams, 1 Harry E. Richards, ship, of Boyertown; Vigilant, of Johnstown; Friendship Engine. Liberty Engine. Pioneer, of Hazleton; Perseverance, of Leba¬ non; Goodwill, o? East York; 'Washington, of Coatesville; Independent, of Jenkintown; Al¬ toona, of Altoona; Union, of Carlisle; Citi¬ zen’s, of Harrisburg; Washington .of Con- shohocken; American, of Pottsville; Nay Aug, Brooklyn; Columbia. of Lehigh, of ’ | of Scranton; Washington, of Danville; Friend Baltimore Veteran 4sso°)atiori, Leni(tn ship, of Birdsboro; Columbia, Liberty, Allen South Bethlehem: Paxton, of Harnsb ^ v- and Hibernia, of Allentown; "Washington, of terprise, of Hatboro Morton, oi f Mahanoy City; Phoenix, of Catasauqua; Hu¬ Marion, of Ardmore; Flit*. “ LogaS. mane, of Royersford; Union, of Hamburg; Liberty, of South Bethlehem; Slatington Hose and Vigilant, of Slatington; Chambers, of Portsmouth, Va.; Niagara and Bellview, of of Phoenlxville; Rescue, of Lebgm.n, I Niagara Falls, N. Y.; Junior, of Hagerstown, Will Hose, of Plymouth; Basle ^“,cs, o£ Md.; Washington Veterans, of Washington, ton: Volunteer, of Gettysbuig. ivrecn Frank_ D. C.; Pittsburg Fire Department, of Pitts¬ Pittston; Mechanics . of V aj n b ° iUe. burg: Kohanza Hose, of Danbury, Conn.; Co¬ lin, of Chester; GoodvUl^ oi ^hoeniXi o£ lumbia Hose, of Peekskill, N. Y.; New York Pennsylvania ofT ^ vrooming; Per- Veteran Firemen’s Association; Beacon, of Mauch Chunk; liberty, of Hycom ns Mattawan. N. J.; Camden Veteran Hose, of kasie, of. Perkaise: -^raoUe^ otRepcue, of Camden, N. J.; Cataract, of Poughkeepsie, N. bon; Vigilant of »aua; Wrights- Y.; Eureka, of Ithaca, N. Y.; Liberty, of Shamokin; Citizen s of TamaQua^ Han. Spring City: Darktown Fire Brigade, Wil¬ vi„e, of Wnghtsv.l,e ^^csbu'rg; Hope, liamsport; Citizen’s, of Mahanoy City; Alert, over. Pa- ’> ot Clair; Southwark, of Downingtown; Fairmount, of Lansdale; of Manhiim: Alert, of bt ^; Lib- ^hoenix, o£ Keys B.urns;&ick, Nr J.; liefeanon of Catasauqua; Rescue, or Lang£or(1. erty, of Lebanon, A• i?ranklin of South Humane, of ^ajianoy^Cit> ^ Th a ^ > AnnviUe. I ThUs'brfngs ?he total —er 'of visiting com- panles up to 150, Finest looking hose carriage ■ line. JU *• All the brass bands and drum corps I Finest looking hook and ladder in Eastern and Central Pennsylvania * truck. 00 have been engaged for this parade. There are also a large number of The above companies will turn out special prizes, offered by Reading busi- from fifty to one hundred men each. i ness men, as, for instance’ Gold-head- The local companies will have from e

v. rV HAMPDEN ENGINE HOUSE, READING.

fered the resolution. After a year ~SO(rrnetal; Schuylkill, 100 metal, with spent in corespondence, a number of steamer in the centre, and 500 ribbon; fire companies in the State appointed Riverside, BOO ribbon; Washington. two delegates each to attend a con¬ 500 metal, with General Washington s vention in Reading on December 16 head in centre; Keystone, 1400 the and 17, 1880, when the association was metal, .with ladders and picks fengM organized in the Grand Opera House the design in the centre A number with the following officers: of the metal badges will be of «old President, Henry A. Derr, Norris¬ and others silver plated. These badges town; Vice-President, H. F. Feiber, will be about three inches m length, Scranton, and Jeremiah Carl, York; suspended from bars, rePre^{I!f Recording Secretary, W. W. Wunder, twisted hose. Every hreTnan cornmg Reading; Corresponding Secretary, S. to Reading should be sure to look out H. Ettla, Harrisburg; Treasurer, for one of these handsome souvenirs George L. Roberts, Bradford. The arrangements fort^eState The present officers are: President, Firemen’s Convention have largely George W. Brooks, Coatesville; Re¬ been made through the, Firemen s Un- cording Secretary, W. W. Wunder, ion of Reading. This body is com Reading; Corresponding Secretary, posed of *fxty members, five from each James A. Green, Carlisle; Treasurer, company, the delegates oi members John Slingluff, Norristown. being elected annually. It is reg The Reading Fire Department was larly incorporated. The object of the . first organized in 1772, when the Firemen’s Union is to promote! ! Rainbow Fire Company came into ex- mony and friendly mter“u0lfsethaemc-tnyS | istence. The apparatus then in use the various fire companies ot the c V, and to establish those 3ust lelatmr^ ! was very primitive. The old hand which ought to exist among institu j engine and pump, which was first lions wlmse views are similar, and to j : used by this company, is still intact, and is on exhibition at the company’s JSMST phVT£«Sc“Siey, V engine house, corner of Eighth and Court streets. It was on exhibition in 1876, at the Centennial Exposition, at which time it was rebuilt. It will Plank; Vice-President Howard | be in the great firemen’s parade next. Thursday. Wanner; Secretary, Harry E Bmn The department to-day has twelve ards; Treasurer, Hon. S. Ane companies, with over 6000 members. State Firemen’s Association. There are ten steam fire engines and i two hook and ladder trucks. Each •^oVofF^n wafefte'cted it^e company is thoroughly equipped. The |fty of Reading ^ e total value of the engine houses is Firemen s Union, neiu A,„Trni~v1t 0f- 18100,000, and of apparatus as much 1879. The late John McKnig P.'X, *r ' 88

J

"\

READING ENGINE HORSE, READING. more. The furniture and other inci¬ [ history comparatively little^ oFdefinite dentals bring up the total value to value is known. The project of organ- j $250,000. The city owns all the build¬ izing the company was first broached ings and apparatus except the Lib¬ in the latter part of 1772, when the f erty Engine house, which belongs to population of Reading was less than the company, the city paying a rental 500, and in the following year it took for the use of it. Each company re¬ shape. At the outbreak of the Ameri¬ ‘ : ceives an annual gratuity from the 7 can Revolution.,many of the members city of $1800. The fire companies do enlisted in the company of Captain the sprinkling of the streets, from Joseph Hiester, afterwards General, which they derive an additional rev¬ who organized a company of volunteers I enue, to sustain the expense of keep¬ at his own expense. ing horses, pay salaries of drivers, In 1834 a fresh impetus was given I stablemen, etc. There is also an ap- j the company by the erection of a new propriation for the chemical engine of building. The older members gave $900, and for the Reading hose ambu¬ way to their growp sons, who awoke I lance of $700. The chief engineer of new interest in the company’s affairs. the fire department receives a salary : A reorganization was effected, with of $500; t;he two assistant engineers, Jacob Frickes as president. About $150 each, and the superintendent of this time also the company ordered the fire alarm, $600. The total annual its first uniforms. In June, 1863, the cost of the department is $30,855. This company received its first steam fire is exclusive of the cost of repairs to engine, which remained In service engine houses, etc. until 1866, W'hen it was sold to the The Rainbow Steam Fire Engine Rainbow Fire Company, of Rome, Ga. Company, No. 1, as its number signi¬ On March 10, 1870, the company took fies, is the oldest company in the possesion of the present engine house, Reading Fire Department. It dates on the northeast corner of Eighth and back to March 17, 1773, when it was Court streets. The present engine of regularly instituted. Of its very early the company, a second-class Amos- keag, was received November 10, 1868, I '•vflHr 89

. , r-\ /{ ^ |

M. K. Spatz, Marion Engine.

George NV. Miller. John Euigard, Charles GWrnth, First Assistant Chief. Second Assist. Chieft Chief Fire Departin't.

opposite the Postoffice. The present and cost $4000 building, on the corner of Walnut and The first charter of the company is Vine streets, is the fifth that the com¬ dated April 7, 1843, when David Eisen-

■Bapi

} ; * s*.

MARION ENGINE HOUSE,

pany has occupied. It was erected in howerwas elected president and Henry Nagle, secretary. The charter was 1877, and is a commodious, substantial amended by the court in 1869. The structure. It is the most centrally ! present membership is 990, as follows: located engine house in the city, and (Activea mAmhprs.members, 600;600: honorary.honorary, 200;200: is in the wealthiest ward—the Sev¬ ’contributing, 190. The officers are: enth. i resident, A. Monroe Moser; vice-presi¬ The records of the company are dent, E. D. Levan; secretary, J. Ed lost until 1847, the book having either Krouse; assistant secretary, A. Brun¬ been burned or stolen. In the year ner; treasurer, John G. Niethammer. mentioned, William Allgaier was elect¬ ed president, and Henry A. Lantz sec¬ Junior Fire Company. retary. The former is still living—a The Junior Steam Fire Engine Com¬ venerable citizen of some 80 years; pany, No. 2, was instituted on the while the latter, Captain Lantz, was 2d of December, 1813, and is the sec¬ killed in battle in the late Civil War. John H. Ruth has been president of ond oldest in the department. It has the company since January, 1880. He 450 active and 242 honorary members. also served in 1873 and ’74, and was Dr. John Marshall was the first pres¬ secretary in 1806 and ’67. George H. ident. The first engine house of the Young is the present secretary, having company was on North Fifth street,, been elected in 1893. Daniel Levan - '435?'

Paul Kirshman, John E. Spears, John Scull, Hampden Engine. Reading Engine. Howard P. Wanner, Schuylkill Engine. Junior Engine. is the treasurer The Junior was the first company inm Readingxxca,cinjii toiu usenot from the City Hall. The conveniently horses for drawing their apparatus. arranged and well-designed engine The company Jiaa taken numerous house that the company now occupies i£_on ^Franklin street, above Sixth,

B •

Ir

ItEYSTONE HOOK AND IiADDER, READING

| within half a square of the Franklin I t”?,3- *s one of the strongest finan- | street station of the Philadelphia and V cially in the department. Reading Railroad. It was erected in Reading Fire Company. 1884 by the city, and was furnished by the company. The Reading Hose and Steam Fire The company has the proud distinc¬ Lngme Company, No. 1, was original¬ tion of having purchased fhe"'first ly organized as a hose company, and steam fire engine ever owned in this hence was entitled to the use of the city. It was manufactured by Lee, numeral 1, as to priority as a hose Larned & Co., who had it on exhibi¬ company in the Reading Fire De¬ tion at the Berks County Fair in 1860. partment. It was instituted on July The purchase price was $3000. After ■1, 181!), and at present has 200 active having done effective service for fif¬ and over 10U honorary members. It' teen years, it was sold in 1875 for - has always been centrally located, scrap iron. In that year the company 1 never further than_a square away bought a Silsby engine for $5500. The company also owns a Silsby hose car- aMT .... \ The Friendship Steam Fire Engine riage, three horses aha art arhOttfffhce. Company, No. 4, is one of the strong¬ est organizations in the State, hav¬ It is the only company in Beading that maintains an ambulance for the ing 1100 active and 300 ho+1ior4tu removal of the sick and injured to the members. It was organized on the 4th hospitals, a duty which it is called of March, 1848. For many years the j upon to perform every day of the year. building of the company was on Fran- The officers of the company are as fol¬ klin street above Peach, but it n°w lows: President, John G. Beck; secre¬ ! occupies the neat and commodious, tary, Andrew J. Menzel; treasurer, , building diagonally across the street; Henry Kieser. from its old location, being on the . I northwest corner of Franklin and ; Neversink Fire Company, Peach streets. The company was in¬ The Neversink Fire Company was corporated on March 20, 1869, after organized on the 14th of April, 1829, i it had been in existence twenty-one one of its incorporators having been years. In that year a large acces- reneral William H. Keim, who was its

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LIBERTY ENGINE HOUSE, READING. j sion was made to Its membership. .rkt-treasurer. The company was^ Friendship Lodge, No. 5, Knights of iamed after the Neversink Mountain, Pythias, had been organized by mem¬ ueofthehigh peaks which overlooks bers of this company, a short time he city. While not as strong turner before, and is still in existence, one of cally as some of the companies of the the oldest and most prosperous lodges Heading Fire Department, it has a of the order in the State. ine membership comprising some ^ The Friendship Fire Company has ;he most prominent citizens. It is *t la splendid outfit g£ apparatus, coxn- pected that it will *,"r"t0^5inaetive Thursday s parade about lclass Washington Hook and Ladder. of carrying 1000 foot i.s capable ! The Washington Hose and Hook and company owns hre^ scl^y^t' The : ■ and looO feet nf ee sp.Iendld horses, Ladder Company, No. 2, is the sue hose. Henry a w e!'V1Ceable cotton! pInyVhich116 Washi^on Hose Com- pany, which was organized on the 17th urer of the ComS’n”’ tbe treas- of September, 1855. It occupied a dent, Major Ancon^’h’w J£e presi' sinc-e the company was^ instftotofi0®06 central location until 1870, whin it erinc- a nprinri msututea»cov- tothTcUv t0The S0Utheastern section The other officers years- it o e Clly* The company’s house is on Spruce street, above Tenth and is John Gallagher; le Jettrv^ »'™«fr.hSplSy;heASK ini?n the StotoState.eSt RecentlyT?adaPrfd thef0r entirethe Purpose front iFS Of-,he „°„f,Phr,Sln,S *he M- was removed and it was oTherwffie the city. oitheastern section of greatly improved. In 1875 the com! pany procured a hook and ladder Marion Fire Company. truck, jwhen its name was changed, Ste«m F1„ e company now have a second-class ryes truck and a hose carriage, with est organizations n the >0 feet of combination hose. Four ■orses are always kept ready for s»r- & KSfiUf| vice. There are 202 active members. ty-nine charter members ' nr/1 11X" The officers are: President, Herman I over 200 active members. ”°W has f Hermann; vice-president, Edward Price; recording and corresponding secretary, George W. Toole; financial wit.rh^rtn4thareathenpridfof1the secretary, Adam H. Schroeder; treas Ke6, it V 'Seated™Mr^Marion 'isSii urer, Magnus Ott. Keystone Hook and Ladder. .|r„,rr°ayahes,whh,chhuas,no! The Keystone Hook and Ladder Company No. 1, was instituted Jan- squares from the Reading |m'y 18°6‘ Xt has 185 active and 150 honorary members. It occupies a assw-i^w' bT! * il handsome new building on the south- {.u..r5h,1^p\«/re000 feet of hose. The officers ares a*.‘vVf.veLrch President, George O. Mee; vice-presiJ a The hook and ladder truck.-.a is , dent, Jacob Bennetbum; recording sec-* one of the largest pattern, made by retary, Charles H. Kiesling, corres-. Buckley & Merritt, of Brooklyn, N. Y. ponding and financial secretary, A. k! The salvage wagon was built in Read¬ Wanner; treasurer, Adam Umben* ing. The company has six splendid hauer; trustees, Adam Himmelbergerl horses, three of which are used in John S. Weber, John H. Phillips. the truck, and the others in the chem¬ Scliiiylkill Fire Company, ical engine, etc, ffhe coippanjr r.e- The Schuylkill Steam Fire Engine Company, No. 12, is the youngest ment, having t.been ated 0 the 20th of February, 1802. The company has 172 actual and 3 contributing members. It is equipped with a first-class Ahrens steam Are

engine, a hose carriage, with 600 feet >1 of hose, and three fine horses. The officers are as follows: . Pres¬ ident, William F. Moyer, vice- presi- A dent, Robert Williams; treasurer, Mor¬ ■ ris R. Keen; recording secretary, Dan¬ iel Beidler, Sr.; trustees, Conrad Kal- tenbach, Howard E. Ahrens, Charles J. Boyer, Robert B. Harris, George Tobias; delegate to State Firemen’s Association, Robert B, Harris,

From,

Colonial Churches.

X IV.—St. Gabriel’s Church, Douglassville, Pa. THE first colony from Sweden to the New World reached theDel- J- aware River in 1636, and settled upon its western shore. Slowly they moved up the banks of its tributary, now the Schuylkill River. THE NEW ST. GABRIEL'S CHURCH. DOUGLASSVILLE, PA 95

An oldmouse, once ^ fort, standing near the Schuylkillbncb^sHj Douglassfulle, Pa., fias a slab upon its gable bearing in quaint fig-B ures the |nscripti6n; “ A. D. 1716.” Some time before this date the* hardy pioneers settled in that neighborhood, soon afterward called* Morlatton. The lessons of their mother country were too well en-l graven upon their hearts to be forgotten; God had preserved theml from the perils of a long voyage and protected them in the danger* of a wild country to which they had come to find homes; and so, , * not unmindful of duty, but influenced by a desire to preserve | “ among themselves and their posterity those principles of religion# J in which they had been instructed in their native land, they erected- * •jj churches at various points for the public administration of God’s* | Word.” The year 1736 witnessed the completion of a substantial d ■ log church in this neighborhood, called St. Gabriel’s Church, M,orJ| | latton (probably of Indian derivation). This did service for sixty- ; five years, when the stone building now standing, and used for Sun- || day schoo! and parisl| purposes, was built. A large cemetery mi J

5. rounds the old church.' The tombstones are quaint and interesting | marking the resting-place of many of the original settlers. Their# inscriptions are in Swedish and German as well as in English. Up- I °n the footstone of one grave there are a skull, an hour glass, and B |cross-bones, with “Remember peath” placed under them. The j ■ headstone tells us that WHere lveth Andrew Robeson, who diedH . "[l4, 1880, ground was broken for the erection of a new church on a Blot of ground purchased and donated by Mr. M. H. Meschert, the if corner-stone being laid October 19 of the same year. It is a beauti- ful stone church of goodly dimensions, designed by the then super- j f I vising architect of the United States, Mr. James H. Windrim. Di-; vine service was first held in the new edifice on Wednesday, January " 23, 1884. Owing to the large and generous assistance rendered by I Mr. John H. Krause, of Philadelphia, the total indebtedness of the; I By parish was liquidated and the church consecrated Thursday, Decern-! B ber 8, 1887, the Bishop of the Diocese, Right Rev. M. A. De Wolfe' I Pj Howe, D.D., being the consecrator. The sermon on the occasion i|j was preached by Rev. G. K. Nelson, rector of the Church of the ' Nativity, South Bethlehem, Pa., now Bishop of Georgia. The nar- —T" i-f1---— ‘ r^ ~ c ish also has an endowment of $12,000, a well-selected public library (in addition to that of the Sunday school) consisting of 1,000 vol¬ umes, and a public reading-room supplied with the current periodi¬ cals, etc.

\ his comrade so graphically describes in his letter “he was dead, but il he died from his wounds or was murdered by the rebels, lam unable to say.” They found the other boot still on him and after removing it found his money which was forwarded to his home. We saw the identical pocket book and in it are well preserved $100, $50, $5 and other smaller confederate notes. When the news of his death was con¬ firmed, Geo. B. who was quite a young WKU PHi-SKRVKI) RELICS. man at this time resolved to take his place, so bidding his parents good IIuw tt Palmyra Soldier .'time In Enlist bye, bravely shouldered the musket to Save the Union. and marched to the battlefield. He Geo. B. »Brunner, showed the served to the close of the war and is Herald man some very interesting now engaged in the carriage manufac¬ reminiscences of the rebellion, the turing business in this place. George other day, and they are highly prized has not exactly “beat his sword into a by the veteran who,although following- plow share, or his spear into a prun¬ a peaceful avocation was actively en¬ ing hook,” but he has done the next gaged in the struggtfrto preserve the thing to it, his bayonet he has made Union. The lirst relic shown us was ints a screw driver and almost every a despatch conveying- news of the day he handles it yet in the peaceful death of his step-brother who had been avocation of his trade, although no killed in an engagement, and read as doubt his thoughts often turn to thei follows: time when he hand’ed that weapon in Bermuda Hundred, Oct. 10, 1804. the defence of the Union. There are Mr. Brmnner : other relics in the hands of Mr. Brun¬ Sinking Spring, Berks Co. ner which have an interesting history, f Your son John Hare, was killed on which he may well feel proud to pos¬ the seventh (7th) send some person sess, and serves to link the dark pas for his body. His money is here, | with the present. ninety-three 93 dollars, 22ml Pa. E. Ruth, Co. H. 5th Pa. Cav. A letter dated a few days later con¬ tains the full particulars of the death of this young patriot. It was in a cavalry charge that he was shot through the body and fell, his com¬ rades tried to carry him from the field but were pressed so closely by the rebels, they had to re,reat and leave him to his fate. The last words he spoke to his comrades was to the effect that they seould secure his money FIFTY-SIX YEARS AGO. and send home to his parents, his money he carried in his boot. They READING MILITARY COMPANIES AND’ had succeeded in removing- one of his THE PAOLI ENCAMPMENT. boots when the rebels charged on them

and they were forced to decamp. Sev¬ The Acceptances of the Commanding Of¬ eral of his comrades after dark went ficers of the Orders Issued by adju- in search of his body but could not taut General lliller for the Encampment in 1840. find him. Early the next morning the ground having been taken by the Union troops, his companions made In looking over a lot of old papers another search and found him but as day or two ago JnliusT. TSaeiise, of Phil¬ l criminals by San Marino, but thisTroTii adelphia, treasurer of the Pennsylvania was settled amicably. There now exists German Society, found a package of let¬ between 1 lie two countries an arrange¬ ters from tliis city relating, with a single ment by which San Marino is to have exception, to the military encampment no printing presses within its borders held at Paoli, in September, 1840. This all ol its printing being done in Italy. encampment proved so great a success, Hie reason for this is to avoid the grant¬ by reviving the military spirit, that ing oi copyrights, hut more especially to similar camps were organized at differ¬ prevent the spread of dangerous political ent places in Eastern Pennsylvania for doctrines. several years after, viz: Pottstown in Though theoretically a republic, the 1841, and Heading, “Camp Kosciusko, ” in 1842. government is in reality an ol inarchy being i„ the hands of a few, wliTle the Under date of July 20, 1840, AdamDil- masses liaye but little voice in political ler, then Adj utant General of the Penn-, affairs. This method appears to answer sylvania Militia, issued the following- very well in a small state where there circular from Lancaster, Pa.: are no wealthy families in the ruling Adjutant General’s Office, ) | class, or any merchant princes to arouse „ Lancaster, July 20, 1840. } To the Officers and Volunteers of the---; the envy of their less fortunate com¬ Gentlemen : You are respectfully invited to panions. Power is vested in a Great Encamp on the PAOE1 Battle Ground, in Counci] of sixty members, composed Chester County, on the 20th dav of September “fjb w,th a large number of Volunteers, from equally of the three classes of nobles ar¬ dinerent parts of the State, who intend En¬ tisans and farmers. The title of Council¬ camping for several days in commemoration of lor is hereditary in families, so that our Revolutionary Fore-Fathers, who were massacred on that place. w hen a family becomes extinct the re¬ 1-lie J3th Section of the Militia law of 1818, maining fifty-nine meet and select some provides pay for camp duty, on the certificate other to take its place. From these is of the Adjutant General; it will, however, he understood that it is only in ease of Regimental, chosen the Council of twelve, which has or Battalhon Encampment; Therefore those control more directly over agriculture Companies, that wish to receive the pay, to and domestic industries, and who, with which they are entitled by law, when properly h organized, will be temporarily organized fortlie the assistance of two foreign lawyers,form ..time of the encampment, into Regiments or !a Supreme Court. The executive is in the BattalUoiis; which in connection with the reso- hands of cwo Captains-Eegent, one a , lution ot_ the Board of Canal Commissioners pro¬ viding, tnat volunteers shall proceed over the noble, t( j other an agriculturist, elected { Public Works free of Toll, will render tile En- by the Great Council and holding office I campinent less expensive, than otherwise duiing a term of six months. Revenue would he. The tents and Marquees J can have is delivered on the Ground, from the Philadelphia raised by voluntary offerings, and Arsenal. wdien the public coffer becomes depleted | A large Encampment of Volunteers, upon a drummer is sent around to invite con¬ strict military principles, with an eye to econ¬ omy,would he the means of imparting-mili¬ tributions. There is an army of- nine tary information of a substantial nature and huudred and fifty men and thirty-eight give impetus to the Volunteer corps in the dif¬ officers, but it is a militia army and con¬ ferent section of the State; those are my reasons j for being interested on tills occasion. sequently the expenses of its mainte¬ The order of Encampment will, X suppose, he nance amount to a mere trifle. Consuls | regulated by the Officers and Volunteers of at Paris and Montevideo attend to the i Chester county, who propose repeating their an- nual Encampment at that place. foreign trade of the couutry, which con¬ Please inform me, as soon as possible,whether sists principally of agricultural products, | or not you will attend; with the number of cattle, wine and silk. San Marino has Men, and whether in Company, Battailion lor : Regiment—the 20th being- on Sunday, it will he its own postal system, the beautiful necessary that the assembling take place on stamps being much sought after by col¬ J Saturday the 19th. Upon the receipt of your lectors, its ow'u coinage and public answer, another communication will he made j y<>'•,. 'n the meanwhile, 1 will consult with schools, which are modeled after those of the Officers who reside in the neighborhood of Italy, tile place of the Eneampment. (By Request,) Tile capital city of the republic, like- Very respectfully. jwise called Sau Marino, is situated upon Adam Diller, the summit of Mount Titanus, the big’ Adjutant General, P. M. peak before mentioned, and from which can he seen the sun as it rises over the Hie Harrison-Van Buren Presidential Illyrian Alps. It is an old town, sur¬ campaign was at fever beat at that time, rounded by walls - and towers, and the and the circular -was looked upon as “a only appro cli to it is by one narrow', sly and adroit move made by ‘thepowers j w inding rqad, easy pf defence. TK that be’ to prepare the mind of the peo¬ st-reets are badly paved, and the ho in¬ ple for submission to the ShtniUnu Ar>nu built of undressed stone, are tall an ceivecl and sheltered the fleeing Gari'- gloomy, hut quite picturesque. Then baldi after his defeat in 1849, and of are several public buildings, including a their moral character when in 1872 they palace, a museum, a town hall and a lefused to allow to he established small theatre. The town hall is of re- amongst them those gambling institu¬ tions which had been made illegal else¬ I cent construction and is very tastefully designed, wffiile the museum con¬ where in Europe. In the same year tains a cabinet of rare and beauti¬ some difficulty was experienced with ful medals, There are hospitals for fh JLal.Y oi^account of the harboring of | ik, a number of convents, and f the .dies, in one of which the bones of committees, will have .,iminus are preserved. The Borgo di bring forth a mature result Han Marino is the commercial quarter, should spread broadcast and above it towers the Capitol, the Reading’s celebration, for there are nu¬ Itoeas, over which on high holidays] merous descendants of Reading settlers waves the blue and white national Hag. in other states, notably in Ohio, who In the largest square is a magnificent I would gladly visit us. marble statue of Liberty, the gift ot an CHURCHES AND HOSPITALS. English lady, in reward for which she First. Prominent among the church- | received the title of duchess of Acqua- es the Methodist should take an active viva. This little republic creates nobles part, and on this occasion celebrate the who rank with the highest aristocracy of j 126th anniversary of the establishment Italy, and confers an order of chivalry, of Methodism in Reading in 1772. The the Order of San Marino. Rev. Dr. Carrow, in a paper on “Metho¬ There are three reasons given as to[. dism in Pennsylvania,” read before the why San Marino has been able to exist! Pennsylvania Historical Society on the so long, and these are: that it has kept 12th of January, 1885, said: "Entering out of debt, has never been greedy for this commonwealth at the chief point extension of territory, and has been too 1 (Philadelphia) in 1768, by the end of the poor to invite the attacks of more power¬ century Methodism had established it¬ ful States. A distinguished American writer in speaking of San Marino, said self in most of the principal towns: “That if he had to be an Italian he Reading, 1772; York, 1781; Wilkes- should prefer to be a San Marinese.” Barre, 1788, etc.” Next, the hospitals should celebrate Charles Griffith Hoffman. in honor of their brethren of the Revo¬ lution who, for seven months in Read¬ T ing, struggled with the wounded and dying troops both of the line and the militia. The general hospital was es¬ Fnrank. . tablished here in 1778. In the Moravian archives at Bethlehem the church diary \J\jL.~ shows this fact recorded as fellows: “April 8, 1778, an order by express | from Dr. Bond was received removing QxJtji,. published by the Pennsylvania Historical Society.Lieut. Reeves writes: r^ueaCh Waited °n his P^tner home A DREAM IN PINK SILK. to-t ” n Gd eaMoravian Church diary, Beth¬ : march all the troops from this place to lehem, on Jan. 2, 1756, is recorded: “An i tbe Clty of Philadelphia with all expe- express was sent early in the morning I 1 dition. Our detachment marched off to the commissioners at Reading.” j yesterday morning for Philadelphia. I “Jan. 4, 1756. The express returned J have remained behind, having a horse from Reading with a letter from the'!. j and shaJl set off this day. The town Governor that he would again hold looks distressed since the departure of Gnaden-Hutten and cover the fron¬ tiers.” ! the tro°Ps; no drums beating in the morning- or evening, nor crowd of men “Jan. 7, 1756. Benjamin Franklin,one parading up and down the streets nor of the commissioners, arrived here j gay officers gallanting the gayer ladies (Bethlehem) from Reading.” WHERE MIFFLIN LIVED. l t0 and fro- The ladies look disconsolate ! and confess their loss. I,am just going Then could come in the procession the) to take my leave and to horse and away descendants of the pioneers with the , to Philadelphia.” Sons of the Revolution and other patri » otic societies. Here would be an op-! OUR POLITE LADIES. portunity to “float” Washington, Mif-1 Lieut. Reeves wrote in October, 1781 flin, St. Clair, Stirling and other gener-b fiom Philadelphia: “I cannot quit als of the Revolutionary War, who Reading without doing this justice to passed some time in Reading during I the ladies of it, that they are exceeding¬ that period, all but Washington, who j ly sociable and very poiite. On the even¬ came here later. Also statesmen, Johr f ing before the party marched on half Hancock, Samuel Adams, recorded f j an hour’s notice, all the young ladies having- been in Reading, possibly ' of the place were assembled to a dance their way from York, Pa., after th ( that,a few of us had at Mrs. White- Congress adjourned on their way to the head’s. As there were not ladies suffi¬ East. Thomas Mifflin, general of the cient for partners for all the officers, we Revolution and first Governor elected invited as many as courd be supplied, ; for this Commonwealth under the Con¬ and had a genteel little family hop, as j stitution of 1790, lived for years at his we termed it that no one could take of¬ farm, “Angelica,” now the County fense, but in fact we had more satisfac¬ Home near Reading. It was here, ac¬ tion and as many couples on the floor cording to the diary of Jacob Hintzhei- as at the large assembly. The company mer, that on Nov. 5, 1783, Mifflin was broke up at one o'clock in the morning, notified of his having been appointed takFs a great interest in mal President of JCongress.' The Directors taining thereto. In the cellar where of the Poor should mark this fact with stood the old inn is a well 52 feet deep, a metal tablet on one of the buildings. containing 22 feet of water. Mr. Dibert Gen. St. Clair and Lord Stirling were explored this old well and found many both in Reading, as their correspond¬ relics of the early days. ence shows. The latter, in an interest¬ THE HESSIAN CAMP. ing letter to Gen. Washington, the The site of the Hessian Camp should; Cornnrander-in-Chief, dated Reading. be marked. There were a number of Nov. 3, 1777, describes the efficient fer- j prisoners in Reading. A ccording toj ries here and the means of defence. Graydon: “It was the station assigned; WHEN WASHINGTON CAME. to a number of prisoners, both British1 Washington was here in 1794, when, and German, as well as of the principal' as President of the United States, he Scotch royalists, that had been subdued! went through to Carlisle during the and taken in North Carolina.” In the whiskey insurrection of Western Penn¬ history of the life and services of Capt. sylvania. His diary says: Samuel Dewees, a soldier of the Revo¬ “Wednesday, Oct. 1, 1794. lution, published in Baltimore in 1844, “Reading, Pa.—Left the ‘Trap’ and there is an account of how the authori¬ breakfasted at Pottsgrove, 11 miles. We ties were obliged to change the prison¬ reached Reading to dinner, 19 miles ers’ camp from Poplar Neck on account further, where we found several de¬ of the Tories running off the prisoners tachments of infantry and cavalry pre¬ to another site on the side of Mount paring for the inarch to Carlisle." Penn. The late Charles EVans, founder of It may not be inappropriate to quote the Charles Evans Cemetery Company, from this writer how Washington was' who died in 1847, aged nearly 80 years, buried in Reading in December, 1799: was the last surviving member of one “Two companies of volunteers, com¬ of these companies, Washington’s body¬ manded by Capt. Keim, were ordered guard, under Capt. Keim, afterwards out. The procession was fully a mile the Reading Artillerists. The next day long. It moved to a large church in the President started up the Lebanon Reading (doubtless Trinity E. L. Valley. He stopped at Wood’s Inn, now Church), where the military, civil offi¬ the Farmers’ Bank building. This fact cers, masons and citizens entered. A should also be recorded on a metal tab¬ funeral oration was delivered (there let on the building. Here he had a re¬ were 22 clergymen present), after which ception on AYednesday evening, Nov. 3. the procession moved through some of Justice of the Peace Frederick Heller, the principal streets of Reading and grandfather of Captain Frederick P. then to a graveyard, where the coffin Heller, of this city, was deputed to in¬ was deposited with military honors in troduce the people to Washington. the tomb with much solemnity.” CONWAY CABAL HERE. Let us try to disinter Washington and Gen. Thomas Conway, whose duties imbibe sortie of his zeal and persever¬ as Inspector General of the Army, re¬ ance in the cause we have in hand. ceived from Congress, brought him to Reading. His headquarters were at the Leopard Inn, which formerly stoocf on the south side of Penn street between 10th and 11th, on properties now owned by Samuel Diehl Diebert and Mrs. Louisa Sallade. It was here Conway held his cabal to depose Washington from Commander-in-Chief. The Con¬ way cabal was not held, as has been stated, in the private one-story, tiled- roofed house on the south side of Penn street above 8th. The proof of it is not necessary to cite here. Graydon says: “There was to all appearances a cabal forming (in Reading) for his (Wash¬ ington’s) deposition. The well-known ■ aposti’ophe of*Conway to America, im- 5 porting ‘that heaven had passed a de¬ i From, '. cree in her favor, or her ruin, must long before have ensued from the imbecility of her military counsels,’ was at this .Cl. time familiar at Reading, and I heard him (Conway) myself, when he was on a visit to that place (Reading) express himself to the effect,” etc. Bate, / S o 7 7 This site of the Leopard Inn should be marked by a metal tablet. Mr. Di- bert has a well-known Revolutionary pedigree in old Bedford' County and ->US to go ;.] r_, ; : put to galley ships to toil with slave!'t “Oppression in its worst form was- brought on these people, and even the dead were not allowed Christian burial. The/ hand of oppression at last pressed so heavily that the Schweatikfelders fled by night to Saxony in 1726, leaving-' tlheir I homes, their houses, their cattle, their all to their oppressors. Services in Honor of Schwenk- "They found, refuge under Count Lin- zendorf from 1726-33, when they were not allowed to remain any longer, and felder Fathers’ Landing started for the asylum that William Penn had established, arriving Sat Phila¬ Held at Pennsburg. delphia September 22, 1734. The 24th of September was observed as a day of thanksgiving, and has been observed as such ever since. We cannot value our SOME EXCELLENT ADDRESSES freedom too highly. We owe a debt of gratitude for what God did for our fathers. The remembrance of the past ought to give us hope for the future.” Life and Character of the Pounder of the This address was followed by the sing¬ ing of a hymn and remarks by Rev. G. Order Fully Discussed by Eminent K. Meschter Schwenkfeld, minister, re¬ siding at Worcester, Pa, and Jonas Y. ' Authorities—Dr. Eartranft’s Schultz, of Quakertown, editor of the Heavenly Manna,’’ and adjournment Address. was taken for lunch. IIAKTKANFT’S ADDRESS. After reassembling the services were Special Despatch to “The Press.” opened by singing, and prayer by Dr. Pennsburg, Sept 25.—The one hundred Hartranft, president of the Hartford and sixty-third anniversary of the land¬ Theological Seminary, Hartford, Conn. ing and Day of Thanksgiving of the The Doctor took up the study of Caspar Schwenkfeld Fathers was appropriately ’n and is beyond doubt the best informed man on this subject celebrated in the Washington meeting that is living to-day. house, near Clayton, on Friday. Rev. In his address he said:— William S. Anders, of Fairview, opened "You have just sung a hymn used by the exercises with remarks calling at¬ the Congregationalists on their memorial tention to the importance of the day days, and I hope the day may come J and. reminding the audience that the when they will sing a Schwenkfelder day was one to recall the tears and hymn by way of reciprocal expression suffering of the fathers. After prayer $■ kinship. 1 opine we do not value highly enough the importance of the and singing of hymns. Rev. Anders nR.:rlt1 that named Caspar Schwenkfeld preached the memorial sermon, an¬ The day is significant of the importance' nouncing his text, I Sam., vii, 12: of the man. The fathers came for lib¬ | “Hitherto has the Lord helped us.” erty. “1 would dispute the relative Import¬ THE SERMON. ance of the Gedaelhtwts Tag as com¬ The minister said:— pared with Forefather’s Day commem¬ “The Jewish people were greatly op- orative ot the landing of the Pilgrim ! pressed at this time. Samuel called -bathers. I would place their platform equally high and in many respects' re¬ them to repentance and promised relief. gard this higher and more important. 'They repented, relief came, and a stone "e are to consider one of the greater was erected to commemorate the event. personalities the world has ever proY W’e as a church oould also erect a duced in Caspar Schwenkfeld. I make memorial stone with like inscription: ‘Ebenezer. hitherto has the Lord help¬ onhjp!zz^iTdmost ed us.’ The Lord has dome much for As studied5 G^efffn' oS us of which we should be mindful. ajiy^Z “This day reminds us of the history of Caspar Schwenkfeld and his followers. This celebrated Reformer was born in S F^he^I'l dHo6noSttUkdrw Liegni'tz, Silesia, 1490, and died in 1561. He Was one of the greatest men of his day and generation. He preached the tion. ^daurge7hi^nceVtor foumVe gospel, reproved people of their sins, but never tried to found a church or de¬ viewserbut GoIlaUltb t0 Promuigate his nomination of, hds own, although he pre¬ than the unlve^sltl ™ a Wlder schoo‘ pared the way for it.- His life and h‘vSchwenkfeld stood very high teaching drew many to accept his views. He himself was subjected to great per¬ secutions, but he -always lived his motto: ‘Nil triste Christoi recepto.” At one time there were many places where nearly all the people accepted the views of Schwenkfeld, bait persecution and op¬ ma|,r5?K'-mS‘.VSa t0" ,*b“ pression reduced -the numbers. “Time does mot permit us to relate °£ly a vehicle for the conveyance of the dire trials to wfhiich these adherents I thought and life from the Divine to thl to the views of Schwenkfeld were sub¬ human. Other reformers erected Bihlin jected. They were put in prison, placed ^y,and worshiped the litter of the in battle where danger was greatest, scriptures, notably Luther, in the second stage of his history. He advolltef the -, - 100

PrertfaJTtV oWThe State, the use ot a , ngious conscience in politics, and there J e many notable Instances to-day wherq offie argue that we can not follow tonsclerfce in politics, although reform¬ ers of the day are trying to i-; d us to,

th‘?CasPp0aSrt S?hwenkfeld advocated free¬ dom. His sense of accountability to. God called for freedom. If. I am ?£ou-2^2?le POSTERITY WILL ROT FORGET HI3 SER¬ t must be free. No writer of the Itefor- r Latton so illustrated the doctrine of VICES.. SAID WASHINGTON.

l P^abelferved°^‘ equality and affiliated with the poor, although born of a pnnce- i w house. He believed in progress the RELIGIOUS AND OF BROAD CHARACTER education of the humani race toward I i.ip.1. ideals the pco&l being that man mi^ht become partaker of the divirie na¬ \ Cherished Belie in the Archives of the j ture If this can not be the case there Pennsylvania Historical Society - Coor* iS‘‘^hatSwefsi0the result as Schwenkfeld Weiser, the Man, the Teacher, the Inter- j projected these thoughts? A clash with the existing condition of things, a po¬ preter, the Friend of the Bed Man and litico-religious persecution broke out. He .. His Unceasing Work for the Country o I lived an exile from 1529 to uh>- -he time his death We sav the day of perse- II His Adoption-HL Grave Near Womels- ?qe'aDaSt and yet there are to-day hundreds in the priestly craft who throw' dorf—Hi, Many and Well Known Descen- stones3at Caspar Schwenkfeld. We, as a bodv of believers, are the custodians of dants. _- a great body of truths. Are we worthy of the trust? Special Correspondence of The TImes. JUDGE HE YD RICK’S TALK. Reading, December Jo. Ex-Judge Heydrick, of Franklin, About Half a mile from Worrforf, a town not far from the city of Readmot S‘“I ‘ have come far to celebrate with the unostentatious grave of a gieat man. 7\ \ vou this day-over 500 miles-and can ThWe rough-bewn sandstone marks the • Therefore say, ‘I have done my duty spot and records the fact that ConradJ* *- You do well to meet and consider the de7ds of faith of our ancestors. We ser was buried there m 1. -Ihe place l > ue unmindful of the debts we owe that time was the private burying gro™d °f them The degradation of woman as a yerv prominent figure m colom.il historj | seer7'to-day in the home of our ances¬ and was a part of bis vast Pf^mns. tors is verv pitiful and the escape from which numbered about a thousand acre^ - I? bv itsV'f would be sufficient ground for gratitude on a day like this, but we The obscure grave, with its ^“ ft to the have other and many reasons for being erated epitaph, is in stiulang contrast ta the importance of its occupant, for ComadMM# J e™4nndav schools were founded by the -e- rendered such services to the govern 7 Vchwenkf elders fifty vears before Robert inent a* have graven bis name on th^cok> ; Rorherwas heard from. If our legislators 1 of PenTsvlvania would study a good lal records of his time with a . Public school system let them consult the mnBt vmiaue and in a manner so flattenn-, er-honl system established by the to Ms character and abilityastolmcause Schwenkfelders in 1762 Were our schools for surprise that no memorial has 111 conducted bv the system advocated by them we would get better .results from - our public school system. P \PERS AND ADDRESSES. ■ pro1”" H W. Kriebel, of Perldomen qemlnarv read a paper on the “Charity Funds” of the Schwenkfelder Church.and asfi&sflubngfc* showed that this church has always the eastern part of Pennsylvan a in n• i cared for its poor without recourse to and as head of this colony constituted mm ' tire Taicr or otneWmamaDle Institutions self its protector and thet5Uft-‘emaikable -of the laws of the State. ^ interests He possessed, to a reniarivauic i Dr. Learned, of the Unive’ dty of Fenn- sylvahia, and Howard M. Jenkins, ed.- decree, the qualities that marked the eaily - tor of the “Friends’ Intelligencer, also German settlers here—indomitable enei^y, t addressed the meeting. . Rev. O. S. Krie-bel, the minister of the church in which the exercises wer- held brought the meeting to a close by a few fitting and stirring remarks Indians and (he provincial government. colling the attention of the audiepce to the importance of the past as ielated to From his comfortable posseseions U can be the present.

vs&from the £££&•%%* perpetual incursions of thes: saxIndiane

his adopted country as Indian agent, inter preter and soldier. A Blessing in Bisgnise. The man who was thus Pl^u?”To his Lpw SlCfleldaifdTefS^i the Wessing in disgnlse_of a stepmother. But *>!.. aci

■ vania. “By the treaty with tile linlU....* that date’ "Conrad Weiser a ml SliikelVani., t , It Of tin* t rat lit ion ally ^ were appointed fit and proper persons to go j the Weteer household the between the Six Nations and this govern- >t have been driven to the strange school inent, and to be employed in all !ran-actions lich alone fitted him for his life’s work, with one another; whose bodies the In¬ ix is difficult o conceive a man of affairs dians say were to be equally divided tie-, J such as Conrad Weiser became, enduring in tween them and us, we to have one-half and early manhood the ignominious treatment or they the other!’’ being held captive by his father and tied The provinces of Virginia, Maryland and with a rope to prevent his escape from il.s. New York also found Weiser’s services which he had and did not like, to others necessary and employed him in the same which had the decided advantage of being j capacity. On the side of the Indians he unknown. In this disaffected state his, was engaged l>y every tribe and nation and father allowed him to go to the habitation or . there was no negotiation of importance an Indian chief whom he knew and trusted, transacted without him. Belts of wampum, Conrad acquiescing in the plan for the rea¬ the most solemn of Indian instruments, and son just stated, Quaynant, the chief who pipes of peace, their flags of truce, were solicited this from Conrad's father, had a not more frequently obtruded lii their cove¬ fondness for the lad and desired to adopt nants than tlie cherished name of the man him. But the unnatural arrangement was of whom they trusted to speak tlieir words— only eight mouths' duration, in which period “not his own.” He negotiated every treaty Conrad endured every conceivable hardship between Indians and white men from 1732 from exposure and hunger and fear. He was until the French and Indian war, his signa¬ insufficiently clothed, and food was scarce ture, in many instances, in his India name and when the Indians became intoxicated ! of Tarachawagon as well as his English (?) there was no safety from their murderous in¬ ; one, being an indispensable touch from the stincts except in hiding. I Indian point of view. Nevertheless, the training was a valuable one and during his stay of eight months w ith Unconscious Humor, them he acquired their language and a Highly as the Indians valued the two-fold’ knowledge of their character and habits, training of their trusted interpreter they and became equipped as no other man of his did not see the force of adopting it, nor could time for the labors which he afterward so they be prevailed upon to try tbo experiment faithfully discharged. On his return to such with their own children. A messenger civilization as Schoharie then represented he | from the Governor of Virginia, reminding made use of his training and his innate bent them of the necessity of rearing a substitute for diplomacy in an amateur way, settling for Weiser, proposed to take several Indian the many disputes that arose between the children to Virginia and educate them like Indians and his neighbors whom they ha¬ white people. The honor was declined. rassed, so that when he was employed by the Again, when Washington was President of, provincial government to mediate in • im¬ the United States, it beiiig necessary to con- - portant matters he was not without prac¬ ciliate the Chipewa tribe in the interest tical experience in. the art of diplomacy. His of the lucrative fur trade, he offered on the brief training in a severe school with its ini- part of the United States “to take two or mediate adaptation to a stern necessity, pre¬ three of the sons of their chiefs and edu- j pared him to serve ns peacemaker between cate them in our colleges.” The reply is j Indians and white settlers until the end of unanswerable. “They were of the opinion i that it would render them effeminate to be his life. Weiser and the Indians. educated in our schools, as it would totally! disqualify them to tiuriFor pursue the war; The importance of this office can scarcely but in return for the civility of their Chief ! be estimated in these later days of security Washington they would, if he would send the 1 when the Indian has been removed to such a sons of his men among them, educate them j comfortable distance from our vicinity, but to pursue the chase for several days, with¬ ! the Indian of that day was a different affair out eating; and to go without clothing in i and bad to be reckoned with at almost every extremely cold weather and in frosty nights turn. Weiser was the only man aeeptable to lie on the ground without covering and i to them. They fancied that his dwelling every other thing requisite to make them ! among them had allied him to their intei- Indians and brave men." ests and tbev never failed to reiterate their The Indiass appear to have been possessor claim to him. though admitting that those | of an unconscious humor. Dr. Franklin tells I of his own people were equal. A Delaware a story in ■which Weiser, as usual, bgures. I chief said on a state ocasion: “We esteem He was questioned by a chief as to the j our present interpreter to be such a person. cause of tlie custom among bis people of I equally faithful in the interpretation of closing their shops once in seven days and 1 whatever is said to him by either of us; assembling in the “great house.” Weiser equally allied to both. He is of our nation explained that the people went there to be and a member of our council, as well as taught good things. But this did not seem yours. When we adopted him we divided convincing to the chief, who replied that iiim into two equal parts—one-half we kept Conrad must be mistaken, for “if they met for ourselves and one-half we kept tor i,o often to learn good things they would certainly have learned some before this 5 Under this agreeable delusion which they , time.”. never wearied in repeating—that Conrad Weiser was half theirs, and half ours they A Profoundly Religious Man. were almost always manageable in hands. Weiser’s ctcharacteristic broadness was dis- At th° request of Shikellamy, the Indian played in everything.yerything. —He was- a profoundly. , - agent of the Six Nations, residing at Sliamo- j religious man and originally a Lutheran. >e. kin, Weiser accompanied him to Philadel¬ he worked with zeal in the cause of the Mo- phia as interpreter and was thus brought ! ravians. He acted as interpreter to the cele- into public notice. He was rewarded ten Ins l| brated Count Eiuzendorf as he preached to volunteer sei rices on this occasion and not the Indians, spent three months in iinpart- again permitted to withdraw from active ji ing his knowledge of the Mohawk tongue duty until his death. From 1.32 he was the || to three Moravian missionaries and above officially recognized interpreter of 1 eiin»yl- 100 nil In importance to tEemin their missionary journey amtj the cold and hunger uutiered work gave the brethren the benefit of his I during its progress, sat down under a Irel¬ wisdom in 'mgf counsel. and expected to die. when the same Indian I Prr His work as i public officer would seem to exhorted him to have courage, saying “evil have kept him'constantly employed, yet his days are better than good days, for when I broad acres prove him to have cultivated we suffer we do not sin.” Conrad was thpse assiduously. Often, scarcely arrived ashamed of his weakness and traveled on as at his home near Womeledorf after the ar¬ best he could to the end of his long journey, j duous labors of a mission to a distant point, he would receive- a command to start again Humanity Touchingly Exhibited. “by express,” which iu those days implied Wciser did. however, have some domestic life ahd he became a Justice of the I’eac-e

for his district, an office held by his making his way over an untraveled road, and grandfather in the old country. He breaking through thickets as he went, with charged its duties with his c-ustomary dis¬ all the dangers that such a journey would passionate zeal. In complaining of a par¬ incur. On one of these expeditions through ticular family that caused him much trouble the Wyoming Valley In company with sev¬ he said they were “worse than any Indian eral Indians (who were going to attend the or Frenchman.” Whatever the propensities same im-poi-timt council they had to make of Indian or Frenchman neither could have their way o-der the snow-clad hills with the displayed greater vindictiveness than this greatest difficulty. One poor Indian lost his family, who barred Weiser's windows and footing and escaped being plunged over a doorways with the intention of making es¬ high precipice by catching in a bush. Con- cape Impossible and set Are to- his house. jj -ad afterwai ,1s showed him how narrow his His humanity was touchingly exhibited i| scape had teem After a little longer travel when his old friend, Shikellamy. was in die- ;j Veiser, exhausted from the fatigue of the trees. The Indian’s entire family was ill .. . - 4'-- ±£Ar' . * meuwTth whose names that of Conrad Wei- i ser Is found associated in the official records with fever, several had died "hurTHe himself had almost succumbed when Weiser came to ! As a very modest beginning in the right his relief. He gave hiss own personal assist¬ direction a movement was started about two ance, administering medicines under a phy¬ vears ago for a memorial to his memory. sician's advice, supplying food, and in addi¬ This null lie a local tribute and doubtless tion recommended to the State authorities would long ago have been accorded to tbe that they send further aid to their former pioneer of any other people than the modest friend. ! Pennsylvania Germans. The broader tribute , His public career was without reproach. that he merits in the pages of history should With his name are always found associated complimentary allusion and glowing tribute not be more difficult or tardy of achievement. to his integrity and merit. His vocation, however, exposed him to calumnious remark. The position of Indian trader was an en¬ CELEBRATES HER viable one and offered temptation and oppor¬ NINETIETH NEW YEAR'S tunity for amassing wealth. Apropos of ibis is the well-known and often-repeated story again told by Dr. Weiser in j|ii« life of his Surrounded by Her Children’* Children, ancestor, but whose merits as a story war¬ Mrs. Daniel Wo ff Behold* the rant another repetition. It is told in this way by Dr. Weiser: “Shikellamy came to Dawn of 1898. Conrad Weiser and informed him of his glo¬ Special Telegram to The Times. rious dream I dreamed,” said Shikellamy, j Hamburg, Pa,, January 1. “that Tarachawagon (Weiser) had presented ; “Happy New Year!” gjfc me with a rifle.” Conrad handed over the ■ Surrounded by children, grandchildren and coveted rifle'to his dusky friend, suspecting j great-grandchildren, Mrs. Daniel Wolff, one that the dream was not all a dream. A few j days later Conrad Weiser had a dream, and j of the oldest and most distinguished residents told Shikellamy so. The chief asked for Us of this prosperous and progressive town, revelation. ‘I dreamed,’ said Tarachawagon. |; received and returned the familiar greeting, ‘that Shikellamy presented me with the j oft repeated to-day. -- _ ! large and beautiful island nestled in the 1 One week ago, on Christmas Day, Mrs. , Susquehanna river.’ The nonplussed chief Wolff celebrated her 89th birthday. She j at once made over his favorite island—the j was born on December 25, 1808. in Womeis- . Isle of Que—but added: ‘Conrad let us never , dorf, Berks county, being a lineal descend- j dream again.’ ” ant, tbe great-grandaughter, of Conrad I Weiser, the “historical hero of Berks.” Posterity Will Mot Forget Hiin. Conrad Weiser’s parents emigrated from The descendants of Conrad Weiser are nu¬ Germany in 1710, being driven to the new merous. It is claimed that every family of world by the persecutions which were visit¬ this name in the country is descended from ed upon-the Protestants by tbe Palatinate. the original Conrad Weiser. His oldest They belonged to the “Redemptionists,” who daughter married the great pastor, Henry were eared for by Queen Anne. Melchior Muhlenberg, and thus the many As a little .boy Conrad Weiser lived with Muhlenbergs in the State are his descend¬ i, the Indians for a time to learn their lan¬ ants. Also the Muhlenberg Richards and guage. and in after years he made all the Hiesters. illustrious descendants all, of an important treaties on behalf of the province Illustrious ancestor. with the Indians 150 years ago. He was The Historical Society of Pennsylvania has among Its archives an account of Conrad called to many places to adjust disputes ! Weiser, the German refugee, who became with the red men, to New York, New Jersey, ij Indian agent, interpreter and soldier, Among Maryland and Virginia. He made nineteen | i the “cherished objects of interest” in the journeys on horseback to New York, was j ij cabinet of tbe society is a “valuable relic,” called thirty-two times before tbe Penn- j i a .piece of tbe limestone foundation of tbe sylvania Council and made nine visits to j I house in Reading owned and constructed by Maryland, all to settle disputes with the I Conrad Weiser in 1751. The colonial records Indians. Every land purchase from the i of the era in which Weiser rendered inval- Indians by the Penns during tlm period from li Tjable service to his adopted country are re- 1729 to 1750 was conducted by him as in- ■ 1 plete with mention of his name and bear in- terpreter, and it is recorded that never-was | disputable evidence of the Importance of the a complaint made-as to liis justice and in-, part played by this actor in the difficult tegrity by either party to the transactions. [1 scenes attendant upon gaining a foothold in He rendered conspicuous service as an ofli- y 1 the country. , . _ cer, and superintended tbe erection of cer/ Thus the prophetic words of General tain forts during the French and India/, F Washington concerning him have been ful¬ war. He frequently met Benjamin Frank- i filled. Standing at Weiser’s grave he said: “This departed man rendered many services I Un and enjoyed an acquaintance with him. I to his country in a difficult period, and pos¬ His most recent office before his death was j terity will not forget him," But it has come that of the first President Judge of Berks p to be very generally recognized by posterity I county. ' that a more living and conspicuous place I Conrad Weiser’s oldest daughter, Maria, Hi than the comparative obscurity of buried was married to Rev. Henry Melchoir Muh- i I archives is due to the heroic deeds of this I lenberg, father of the Lutheran Church in a ’.ij man, whose mission like that of the Great j America, the fruit of which union gave !! Exemplar was peace. In conformity with ■j to the country a long line of men, eminent c i the newly awakened interest and pride in in religion, war and politics. Jacob Weiser, fie everything pertaining to the forefathers of I one of tbe sons of Conrad Weiser, was j his locality posterity now desires recognition ' the grandfather of Mrs. Daniel Wolff,' and ■ for Conrad Weiser in the annals of the his- with his wife Mary a sponsor at her bap¬ j tory which he so largely helped to make. As tism. Mrs. Wolff is a worthy descendant of her t ji an important factor in the formation of the j illustrious ancestor. As a girl she wr (jj Commonwealth it is claimed that he deserves 1 educated in both/English and German. 8 j mention in history no less than the great 106

music "lessons '-of Professor Vile, _ •nong her vocal 'selections, one. ‘’Life Let Us Cherish,” she si ill sings, remembering ■ ! all the words, although now in her 00th Special Correspondence of The Times. .year. Mrs. Wolff, who was a Miss Fesig, came to Hamburg aS-a girl of 15, traveling IO , „ Reading, January 29. overland with hors#'and carriage, railroads, IS A fact within the knowledge of course, being unknown. She was mar¬ of very few people that on the ried to Daniel Wolff by Key. Waltz, of Phila¬ eastern slope of the Allegheny delphia, on her 10th birthday, December Mountains in Pennsylvania, not 25, 1827. Two years later ground was broken more than half a dozen miles east for the Wolff homestead, which is now one of the landmarks of Hamburg. The stones of Reading, in close proximity to for the house were quarried at the Blue Exeter Station, on the Philadelphia Mountain, and the laths were hewn out of and Reading Railroad, hundreds of the green timbers and cut into shape in people are daily passing with a stone’s throw the cellar while the house was being built of the ancient home of the forefathers of In this home Mrs, Wolff lived sixty-seven Abraham Lincoln. All that is generally known years. Here her sons and daughters were of the ancestors of Abraham Lincoln points born, grew up, married and returned to visit oftentimes with their children and chil¬ out that they emigrated to Massachusetts, dren's children, and from its doors, too then to New Jersey, and afterwards to Berks more than one funeral cortege wound its county, Pennsylvania. From there they way tu the little cemetery which enshrines moved to Rockingham county, Virginia, and the forms of her beloved dead. finally into Kentucky, where the President Mrs. Wolff has had twelve children, seven was born. An investigation proves, too, sons and five daughters; twenty-nine grand¬ that the Lincolns were not always poor, but children and twelve great-grandchildren She is a charming old lady,. cultured, accom¬ that some of them were distinguished citi¬ plished, vivacious in conversation and gra¬ zens of Massachusetts, and the great-great¬ cious in manner. Although nearly 90 she grandfather of the President was a promi¬ still reads and writes, and is a remarkably nent and extensive landholder in Pennsyl¬ entertaining conversationalist. She takes vania. a lively interest in politics, and has a vivid recollection of the political situation before and during the war. The picture from which The Lincoln family is of English origin the illustration in The Times is drawn to¬ and the name was quite common in England day was taken some years ago, and does in the early part of the seventeenth century. -5 not do justice to the lovable-looking old Samuel Lincoln, the emigrant, settled in ' lady, dressed in black, with a spotless ker¬ Hingham, Massachusetts, some . time near chief crossed on her bosom and a little the close of the seventeenth century. He black lace cap on her luxuriant white hair Mrs. Wolff is a devoted member of St. John’s* had a son named Mordecai, who was born in Lutheran Church, in which during her young¬ 1657, and who was married to Sarah Jones. ; er and active years she was an influential Mordecai also had a son by the name of , worker. She was one of the organizers of Mordecai, who moved south to New Jersey, ■ ' the Sunday school. and bought a large tract of land. He was Like her husband, she believed strongly the great-great-grandfather of President in education as a preparation for life and all her sons and daughters received a thor¬ Lincoln. His wife died in New Jersey and ough school training, supplemented by in¬ his family consisted at least of one son, struction and reading at home. and probably one or two daughters at this Owing to the death of her oldest son time. The son’s name was John and he is in who was her companion in the homestead’ the direct line of the ancestors of the Pres¬ Mrs. Wolff now resides with her daughter] ident. Mordecai came to Exeter township, Mrs. Ada Derr. It is charming to see her’ f, surrounded by a bevy of children, grand¬ Berks county, Pennsylvania, about the year children and great-grandchildren, all of 1720, and bought' a large territory of land whom delight to show honor to one to whom in close proximity to what is now Exeter honor is so well due. Mrs. Wolff believes Station. and frequently remarks that few mothers The reason for the frequent family remov¬ whose lives have been spent in their fami¬ als of the Lincolns is not well known, but it lies and for their families will he uure- warded. For a verification of this state- is quite sure that they were Quakers and j ' rnent, no better evidence is needed than as Berks county and it's immediate sur- j the life of the woman who utters it. roundings comprised a good many people of the same belief, it is probable that they ' sought a closer religious communion with j people who had the same spiritual tenden- f cies. However this may be, deeds and rec¬ ords are in existence which show that Mor¬ decai Lincoln bought one thousand acres of land lying in the township, from the sons of William Penn. The exact boundaries of the Lincoln purchase can be outlined, both from original data and from the knowledge of several of the inhabitants who are still liv¬ ing in that section. The land was in the shape of a square and lay directly oh the Schuylkill river. It extended north from the river into the open country to a line of low tor ytosnnmaai THE HOMESTEAD OF MORDECAI LINCOLN Moone the grandparents of Daniel Boone, I hills along the present Philadelphia and are also buried here. . . . Reading turnpike. Its eastern and western At the time of his death, Mordecai Lin¬ boundaries were formed by two small cteeks coln had three sons and four daughters, the Autietam, and another stream frnthe whose names were John, Mordecai, Thomas, east about half a mile. jHannah, May, Ann and Sarah. In accord- lance with the expressed intimation in his Here Mordecai Lincoln erected a house in will, another son was born in 1736, shortly This soil was named Abrn- the southeastern corner of his land. It « iafter lie died, of him that we know more built of stone and stands in a gorge, a liam, and it is i.u_tbn creek flows. The house than JfTnyof any c»of the Berks county Lincolns. _ He L,—lived —-here all his life, and was proim- nent in the affairs of_' his■ ' county and State. He served prior to;3 th-the --revolution as a eoni- missioner c-of Berks- county- for a number ot- terms, and during the revolution,• ^on—i March 121, 1777, he was appointed j>net ofc*. the.. sub- lieutenants of the county In that oflace he was very active in raising troops and for- warding supplies to„ the Continental army, and was frequently complimented from head- quarters for his zeal and ability. He was n member of the Pennsylvania Legislature in 1782, became a delegate to the Pennsyl¬ vania convention which ratified the Consti¬ tution of the United States, and he was also

Abraham Lincoln is L,"n^ in a direct linc_of_th|_ President’s descendants, cs has be many. His kait- ost sou of Mordecai, brother, John, tb i'the blographle 1 his first wife, was the and the only son] Eire, and probably f Abraham Lincoln, the great grandfather owed that underlying By his father’s will martyred Preside thoughtfulness in his natur he received a farm of three hundred acres parent, and so in contrast with the- hu in Now Jersey, which he in all probability surface traits that came from liis father.' occupied before j his father ® death, but A study of the ancestry of Abraham Lin¬ which he left shortly after the occurrence of coln brings out some peculiar points. One the latter event, and came to Berks county, .insylvania, where he had purchased some of those is the preservation of certain few names in the family record. Thus through ,nd only a mile distant from the old home¬ stead. Tradition locates the spot where five successive generations of the Lincolns, stood the house in which he lived. beginning with Mordecai, the original set¬ About the middle of the eightenth cen¬ tler in Berks county, to the lamented Presi¬ tury, along in the sixties, the spirit of un¬ dent, there were at least three Mordeeais, three Abrahams, four Johns and “ four rest affected not only the Boones, but the Thomases. Lincolns. They moved southward to Vir¬ ginia and thence to Kentucky. There is a striking resemblance between a Lincoln, Albert by name, living near Exeter At this time, and almost within hailing distance of fke Lincoln homestead near station, and the dead President. They re¬ Exeter station, lived another family, the de¬ semble each other both in looks and stature. It is also in place to refer to the intimate scendants of which were also destined to association between the Lincoln, Boone and play an important part in the history of the Hanks families. The Lincolns and the President. This was the Hanks family, from Boones were very closely related by many which Nancy Hanks, the mother of the President, directly descended. The precise inter-marriages in Berks county. Whether name of the head of the Hanks family is the Hank® family had any similar relation i to the Lincoln families in Pennsylvania is uncertain, but it is generally believed to not known, but it is certain that there were have been John. ties which bound and kept them closely 1'ollowing the fall of Boone, the family of together, not only here, but throughout their John Hanks also left its native soil to go to wanderings in Virginia and finally into Ken¬ Virginia, while John Lincoln, the great tucky, where the President was born. grandfather of the President, was still there. John Lincoln had a son by the name of Abraham, who was the grandfather of the President, and before leaving Virginia Abraham married Hannah, the eldest daughter of William Winters, who also originally came from Berks county. From, In Kentucky Abraham Lincoln was slain by the Indians. He then had three sons; Mordecai, Josiah and Thomas. The latter, a good-natured and easy-going individual, and the father of the President, married Nancy, the daughter or granddaughter of John Ilankci, who emigrated from Berks county, Pennsylvania, and finally landed in Rock¬ ingham county, Virginia, as we have already seen. This occurred in 1806, and in 1809 the President was born.

How Mis® Hanks came from Virginia to Kentucky, or dhetker Thomas Lincoln mar¬ OLD HOSTELRY. ried her in Virginia, is not known, but tra¬ The Central House, Known as “Fe- dition has it that she was a Virginian by sig’s Tavern” a Century Ago, t birth. The following is an interesting description of her: “She was a tall woman, Farmer” 60 Years Ago, above middle height, with black hair, un¬ Changed, to the “Gold .Horse,’1 educated, but of marked character, and a and Subsequently Know, yl r Many mind naturally vigorous. Her experience in Years as “The. Mishlar "'House”— the rude frontier life with a husband who The First Circus in Reading did not e-et along, was hard. The giltnpses Showed in the Hotel Yard. Over a century ago the “Central house,” north side of Penn above 4th, was known as “Fesig’s tavern,” as Conrad Fesig owned the property and conducted the public bouse. Dimensions of the lot, 60 by 230 feet, to Liberty alley (Court st.) The late Henry Rheinhart, tailor, who was born in Phila., in 1789, and came to Reading over 100 years ago, said to the Eagle 25 years ago: “Long before the railways were built I saw the teams pass through Reading conveying merchandize between Phila., Sunbury, Pittsburg and other points. Generally 10 to 15 teams travelled together, and they usually stopped at Fesig’s tavern, now the Cen¬ tral house, north side of Penn st. above 4th. The wagons had white canvas cov¬ ers, high bodies painted blue, aud the. fefSSf

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,Uu.g gear painted red. Tfie teams us- uum ui wmi.il refused. In 1838 he r. Jly consisted of 4 horses, sometimes 6. feigned his seat in Congress and acceptea ’ The late Jacob Bright Hoff, born in the Austrian mission, which he held until Reading in 1796. said to the Eagle 16 years t*S40. Rev. Muhlenberg, who died in 18a4, ago: “I recollect well the first circus that >equeathed the hotel property to his sons, was ever held in Reading. I was then Jr. Hiester PI. Muhlenberg and Henry A. only a lad. The oldest citizens said then Muhlenberg, jr. The latter was elected there never had been one here before. It :o Congress in 1853. Pie appeared in Con¬ V was so well patronized that it stayed sev- gress only a single day, when he was ral weeks. It was exhibited on the rear taken sick with typhoid fever and was ad of the lot of Fesig’s tavern. We had unable to resume his seat. He died at: ! ,yer seen .a clown before, and we nearly Washington, Jan. 9. 1854. Plis executors iued laughing at him. When a circus were his brother. Dr. Hie-ster H. Muhlen- i-ider dressed up as a soldier, hung by bis berk, and liis brother-in-law, G. A. legs to the saddle on one side of the horse Nicolls. The executors sold the property as if he were falling off as he rode around in April, 1846, to the late Jacob Mishler, the ring, some people said it was all de¬ for $15,000. ception, as it was impossible for a person When Mr. Mishler bought the property to hang on as he did.” there were 2 buildings fronting on Penn, Benjamin Parvin, of Maidencreek, wa$ with a driveway between them to tho the original towner of the property, and stable on the rear end of the lot. One was lie received his title paper from the Prims a 2-story brick building, in which thero in 1752, after the lot had been built upon.. was a general store, of which William § He transferred it to Moses Heyman, who ! Silvis was the proprietor for many years. 4/Jn 1758 conveyed it to William Reeser. Mr. m The other was a 2-story stone structure, Reeser, by his will, dated Sept. 9, 1734,, the front being plastered somewhat in im¬ bequeathed the property to his nephews, itation of brown sandstone. Andrew Reeser, of Bucks county, and Jacob Mishler having died, the prop¬ Casper Reeser, of Northampton county, erty was offered at orphans’ court sale in and they sold the. property, April 6, 1790, the spring of 1S66, and was bought by his for 419 pounds, to Conrad Fesig, a clock- widow, Mrs. Elizabeth Mishler, for maker, living in Reading, who then $25,000. It had been appraised at $33,000. turned his attention to conducting a pub¬ The late Christian Bechtel, of Cumru, was lic house. During the time that he was the executor of Jacob Mishler’s estate. sheriff, 1806-08, he sold liquors over a bar John B. Brobst, the present owner, n the old jail building. Mr. Fesig dis¬ used of the hotel stand in 1811 to Valen¬ bought the property at sheriff’s sale, 18 ce Brobst, miller, of Albany township, years ago, for $32,244. It contains the , 'or 2,700 pounds. Mr. Brobst sold the I original width of 60 feet on Penn, but the mL- iroperty, April, 1816. to Samuel Wood width on Court st. has been reduced to 45 t‘gentleman,” for 6,000 pounds. Mr. Wood* I feet, lots connected with houses fronting' bonveved the property back to Mr. Broast, cn 4th having cut off 15 feet. Mr. Brobst \L January, 1819, and the following April, 1 spent over $1.00,000 in enlarging and im- the latter sold it 'for 510,000 to Peter Au- ! proving the building in 1SS7, and the prop- fand, who was sheriff in 1816-17 and regis ' ertly has now cost him over $140,000. The . building extends from Penn to Court and l ter in 1821-23. i If Will5am N. Coleman recollects when, both fronts are 5 stories' in height. fcecrge Michael Brobst was the landlord After his father’s death, Evan Mishler .of the hotel about 65 years ago Mr. conducted the hotel a number of years, li- . ferobst erected in 1814 “n the river bank,, cense being granted to him, excepting , 'north of Court st„ a brewery for the during the term that he was sheriff—1871- manufacture of “small” and “strong 74, when Joseph S. Levan was the land¬ Deer. The brewery was conducted seme lord. Mr. Levan went from here to Al¬ 18 years when it was abandoned before lentown, where he took charge of the Mer¬ ‘lager” was manufactured in Reading. chants’ hotel. During the years 1876-79, About 60 years ago the name on the [Mrs. Elizabeth Mishler, widow of Jacob sign was the “Pennsylvania Farmer, and [Mishler, held the license. In 1880, John t was a very popular place for the farm¬ M Killian was the landlord, and in the ers to stop at. Jacob Donahower, father spring of 1881 Milton G. Feather took of Wm. Donahower, clothier, was the charge. In August, 1882, the license was .landlord. The name was then changed transferred to George W. Hain. During-- t to the “Golden Horse,” there being a the years of 1883-4, E. O. Immel conducted;:,; golden horse on the sign. The late Jacob the hotel, and in 1885, John B. Brobst .5 iVHshler became the proprietor of the ho¬ U-ho had bought the property in Decern- . tel, while John K. Wright was postmaster Ver, 1880), took personal charge as land-, and the post office was in the western ord, and he has successfully conducted 'portion of the old building. Mr. Mishler :he house ever since. From Dec. 14, 1885, tore down the old buildings in 1861 and .m til his death, in July. 1S86, Col. T. H. erected a commodious brick building, Hood, of Allentown, acted as manager of which has since been greatly enlarged. rhe Central for Mr. Brobst, and built up Jacob Donahower succeeded H. B. Boyer, such a large business that the house was Feb. 1, 1889, as landlord, and Mr. Mishler not large enough to accommodate it, and succeeded Isaac Ennis in 1848. Mr. Brobst removed the stable on the rear Rev. Henry A. Muhlenberg, born in 1782, end of the lot and extended the hotel who was a very prominent citizen for building to Court st. Col. Good was very many years, was the owner of the prop- popular among commercial agents and Tty at one time. He was the pastor of other travelling men, and after he had Trinity Dutheran church 29 years, from managed the hotel about a month as many :>]h i 1S93 until 1829, when he was elected to as 38 persons, who came in one day to stay Congress. In 1835 he was the Democratic' over night were turned away for want of Candidate for governor. He was offered,' room. . sy President Van Buren, the Russian mis- ,on and the post of secretary of the navy, 110

seminary, preaching tunity -was offered. He is absorbed in the love of revival work and in the ambition of making his life recognized as a factor From, in the better life of mankind. To the Eagle representative he said: “The revival is of more value to me than a college Aijrl 5* course.” St. Paul’s church is a landmark In the ' history of Methodism, although it has suffered neglect by the author of the Date, ^ / History of Berks county. The plans for the home of a Methodist organization was materializing while the colonies were in the midst of a national r- AAtif' A y « a ^ -.r strife to destroy the power of King George III. And in the year 1776, noted as the "OLD FOREST CHURCH” year when the spirit of liberty was fram¬ ed in the marvellous Declaration of In¬ ft- AT GEIGERTQWN dependence, this church was organized. Now St. Paul’s M. E.—Organized in An old tombstone in the graveyard of St. Paul’s bears this inscription: “Sacred 1776—Revival Services Just Closed, to the memory of the Rev. W’illiam De- During Which 76 Professed Con¬ mom, w'ho organized the first religious so- version. ; ciety at the Old Forest, now St. Paul’s Joanna: On last Christmas eve spe ' M. E. church, about the year 1776; died cial meetings were begun in St. Paul’s 1776.” This stone was erected by Michael M. E. church, Geigertown, for the conver¬ . O’Neaill, whose mother, Mary Elizabeth sion of sinners, and were continued ever O’Neaill, united with the church about since until Sunday evening, March 20. 1800. Thus 10 years after Methodism had The services resulted in a gracious revival been organized in the Rigging house, on of religion. They were held under the {j William street, New York, by Captain ministrations of Rev. C. W. Milam, the Webb and Philip Embury, the earliest young and talented pastor of the church, American minster of the M. E. church, it who was admitted to full connection in was established at St. Paul’s. the Phila. M. E. conference, at its session Accordingly, in 1870, 4 years before the last spring, at Bethlehem. Methodist Episcopal church in the United Rev. Milam has proven himself an ■' States was organized, St. Paul’s church earnest preacher and a faithful pastor, j was established on a grant of land made His gospel utterances, drawn from sug¬ , to John Wesley and his followers. The gestive texts, read from a small black indenture was recorded in the court house bound pocket testament, attracted the at Reading, May 10, 1782, Henry Christ, people. They came, heard the Word, be¬ recorder. During Jas. W. Sponagle’s term lieved and joined the church. The meet¬ of office as recorder, the transcribed in¬ ings were remarkable in interest, which denture was found and he made a copy never flagged a single evening. Amid all from which the following extracts were kinds of weather the church was crowded. taken: The altar was full of penitents each “This indenture made the fourteenth evening and one after the other of these day of March, in the year of our Lord one seeking the “pearl of great price’’ changed thousand seven hundred and eighty, be¬ their cry of sorrow into shouts of joy. tween Mounce, alias Moses Jones, Farmer, The labors have been borne almost en¬ and Mary, his wife, of Union Township, tirely by Rev. Milam, and the united ef¬ Berks County, Pennsylvania, of the one forts of a membership of 130, resulting in part, and Evan Evans, Samuel Howe, Val¬ 75 professing conversion, of which 60 have entine Carberry, Abraham Lewis, John united with the church as probationers. Davis, Joseph Howe, Henry Carberry, Others will unite with neighboring John Galloway and Thomas Rutter on the churches. This religious awakening was the other part, Witnesseth, That in con- not confined to the Methodist congrega¬ , sideration of Five Shillings, * * * tion, but reached the Lutheran and Ger¬ : truly paid * * * doth grant, bargain man Reformed adherents. A peculiar and sell * * * all that erected Preach- "i feature of this revival was the many ing House with the piece of land hereunto heads of families who joined the church. 1 adjoining, situate in Union Township and Ex-Recorder James W. Sponagle, an county aforesaid (describing the boundar¬ active, member says there was a similar ies), containing Three quarters of one acre revival during the winter of 1876-77, when and Fifteen perches of Land, being part over 100 conversions occurred, under the of a tract of one hundred and ninety-seven ministrations of Rev. John C. Wood. acres. * * * To have and to hold the Rev. C. W. Milam, the pastor, is a . said House, Piece of Land, and other young married man, and has a son nam¬ premises, to the said Evan Evans (and ed Matthew. He was born and reared others mentioned) forever, nevertheless near Clarksburg, West Va., on a farm, upon special Trust and Confidence, and to where he labored until of age, studying i the intent that they and the survivors of and going to school as often as oppor- I them, and the Trustees for the time be¬ tunity offered. He began teaching, and j ing, do, and shall permit John Wesley, pursued a course of studies in a higher | late of Lincoln College, Oxford Clerk, and institution. For one year he filled the such other persons as he shall from time position of county superintendent of to time appoint, and at all times during schools. his natural Life, and no other persons to Having a desire to preach, he completed have and enjoy the full use and Benefit a course of theological studies at Drew of the said premises.” (This paragraph, it is claimed, forever annuls any claim made by any other denomination to the owner-i the premises at any M The deed says further: “That the said " n Wesley and such other persons as.he RECOLLECT appoints, may therein preach and ex¬ His Ancestors Conducted Stace pound God’s Holy Word, and after his de¬ Lines Running AU Directions cease upon further trust and confidence, from Reading—Packet Boats on and to the intent that the said trustees and survivors of them,- and the trustees | the Schuylkill. for the time being do and shall permit Tho.: first stage coach in Reading, of Charles Wesley, and such other •which' there is any record, was that of persons as he shall from time to time ap¬ Martin Hausman, which was run from point during his life, and no other to have Reading to Phila. in 1789. Two days were and enjoy the said premises for the pur¬ poses aforesaid. And after his decease, consumed in making the round trip and upon further trust and confidence to the the fare was $2 and letter carnage^ intent that the said Evan Evans (and oth¬ pence. Alexander Eisenbise succeeded ers named) and the succeeding trustees, Mr Hausman In the business a,nd ovei shall at all times forever thereafter per-* lOO years ago be disposed of the stage line i mit such persons as shall he appointed to William Coleman, who subsequently , at the yearly conference, held in America,^, established the famous “Coleman siLage by the people called Methodists, and no lines ” which, were conducted after ms S by his sons, John and Nicholas - others to have and enjoy said premises for Coleman. Nicholas Coleman was the the purposes aforesaid, provided, always,^ father of William N. Coleman, who was that, the said persons preach no other doc- ' Interviewed as follows: . £ trine than is contained in Mr. Wesley's f ‘‘My grandfather, William Coleman, en notes on the New Testament, and 4 vol-: gaged in the stage business about the umes of sermons.” year 1791. He made 3 trips a week, g The witnesses to the deed were: Thos., ing to Pbila. one day and returning the Othy, Samuel Zink, Leonard Zink and next. The stages were open m front and John Zink. had black canvas curtains on the sides, This church was the only organized and when these were rolled up the stage place of worship for the people called! was open all around, excepting behind, Methodists, in a wide extent of territory,! where the hoot was located for the bag and after some years the M. E. church gage. The stage was drawn by 4 horses had become organized, it was joined with] and sometimes by 5, 3 being abreast m the Lancaster circuit. The name of their; front. My Uncle < John and my father, first preacher is now unknown, although: Nicholas Coleman, succeeded my grand- the inference is clear that local preachers; father in the business and established new : supplied the pulpit frequently, and when stage lines until it required more than the travelling minister came he was oh 100 horse to draw the vehicles. The stage ; horseback. bodies were-made by Slaymaker, m Lan- i A prominent minister of the society, caster and the running gear by John j who preached in this church during itsj Grow, who had his shop on the north side j :! early history, was Bishop Francis Asbury. of Franklin st. below 8th. The hlac c- From this church went forth an influ- smithing was done by Anthony Bickel, ' ence in the establishment of other whose shop was located on the west side Vchurches, and when the first Methodist! of South 5th, between Franklin and B|church was dedicated in Reading they sent Chestnut, on a large lot now occupied by |a delegation of signers to assist in the the houses that were the residences of the | services. late Isaac Eckert and Geoige R. *.rlu- There were several families of Hoff¬ John Hoffia also drove a 2-horse carriage man's in the neighborhood, who were to Phila. each week to carry passengB&b closely identified with the founding of about the same time that my grandfather “Old Forest,” as it was then called. run stages over that route. The Mounce Jones mentioned in the “Jacob Peters, of Phila-. and Colder & [ (deed owned 200 acres of land in Union ilson of Harrisburg, became interested ^ township, and Valentine Carberry and in the Coleman stage routes, which were Evan Evans were large taxpayers in the , (extended in every direction—to PottsviUe same township in 1758. ‘and Sunbury, Allentown and Barton, Lan- caster Harrisburg and even all the way out to'Pittsburg. Such a thriving business was done that Reseids & Platt started op- , nosition stage lines. At first weekly trips were made and they gradually became semi-weekly, tri-weekly and eventually daily in 1826. Relays for fresh horses were established at points along the line everv 6 miles. In 1830, the competition I was "so great that the fares had been cut to half their regular rates, and the stages From, .y^r.. were driven at a gallop over the tuin i Dikes: There were 6 daily coaches to Phila., 3 belonging to the Coleman line and 3 to the opposition. Twoi coaches, one belonging to each line, started at the same hour, aid these often raced side by side to reach certain towns. The old TJikkJ&LmiL court house in Penn square and the street corners there were prominent points of. observation in Reading to witness the ar- , rival of the stages, and they were ofton seen coming down Penn i st., side by side, msssM the drives cracking the! long whips and -■ horses at _ not un- jmmon to s( _ women anti streets children assembl „ v „„ welcome the ylkiil at Jack stages with shouts applause, and even west side of 2d str some persons bet •which stage would and Franklin, there was a each Penn square wharves, where passengers and John Mtltimore an interest in were loaded and unloaded. I recolio ie Coleman stage ^ and was a part- the fames of 8 of the packet boats tha ner of John and Ni olas Coleman for belonged to the company. They some time. Later, ■ge DeB. Keim and “Independence,” “Planet” and “Lady ■■ '■ J John F. Smith, the . —of -Phila., -- - and a itfce Lake.” About 182S the late J brother of the late Henry W. Smith, law¬ IKeeley was the captain of the 'Plan yer, each had an interest with John MU- jjTlic fare was about $2.50 a single timore in the eld sitagw %es. rip one trip lie had a party of 75 min “When tivi (pjoleonanY^rothers and Mnti- who went to attend a conference in ' more conducted the stage lines and many of them had come wit they had some very fine stages that had stages from Harrisburg. been built at Troy, N. Y. One of them, “I well recollect the large Conest called the ‘Knickerbocker,’ cost $1,000. • wagons that were used to haul stop while others cost about $500. j goods from Phila. to Reading, Sunburv “The stages were at one time charged Harrisburg, Pittsburg and other pi; such high tolls that the Colemans would before the railroads were built. not drive over the Perkiomen turnpike, | their return trip to Phila. they carrie; but constructed a road along the southern all kinds of products raised in tin slope of Neversink mountain (the White ■ House road), crossing the river at Poplar • country. The wagon bodies were bln Neck and continuing on the ‘River road, land the running gear red and the coveri which they widened and improved. The 5 heavy canvas. Generally each v enterprise was a big undertaking at the jwas drawn by 6 fine horses with time, but the stage company saved the I bells of different tones suspended ov tolls. Years afterward the turnpike com¬ Sithe hames, and it was a pleasure to se pany and the stage company compromised Is team of G horses step to the music o on the toll rate and the pike was again !tha bells. Generally 6 or more tea used by the stage line. Iwould travel together, one after "After the mining of coal was begun m other, and all stop at the same pla Schuylkill county, nearly 90 years ago, over night. If there was not room| the stage line in that direction did a enough in the tavern to accommodate all thriving business. The late John Mc- ■with beds, some would sleep in their Knight, who opened in Reading a branch of thef.. Penn’aDonn’i] Bank,■Rnnir of Penn’a.Penn’a, in ISOS, wagons. The taverns along the lines' told me that he was a clerk in the bank did a big business. in Phila.,when George Shoemaker brought “I‘ was not an usual sight before the a 2-horse load of coal from 8 miles above P. &' R. railroad was built to see a row the site of Pottsville and no one would of a dozen or more covered one-horse buy it in Phila. Finally he obtained per¬ wagons passing through Reading. They mission to unload it in front of the Penn’a were those of emigrants who had landed bank, and the man returned home. One from a sailing vessel in Phila., brought day an Englishman came along and asked their furniture, bedding and clothing at the bank where that heap of anthracite with them, and most of them said they coal came from. He was asked whether were going to Ohio. Each family brought he meant the black stones. He said he could make the ‘black stones’ burn, and their wagon along from across the was given permission to construct a tem¬ ocean, it having been taiten apart when porary grate in front, of the large Frank¬ leaded on the ship, and put together lin stove’ in the bank building. He laid when unloaded at Phila. The men, kindling wood on the grate and placed women and larger children walked, ^ coal on top and lit the wood and covered while the small children rode on the the grate with sheet iron. In a short time wagon with the household goods. The , the sheet iron got red hot and was re- women were dressed in their foreign ■ , moved when there was a splendid fire and garb and most of them wore caps with the ‘black stones’ were burning to the strings tied under their chins. When amazement of all who saw it. Many peo- we saw these emigrant trains we knew — ; ' pie came to the bank from all parts of that a ship had arrived from Europe. , Phila. to see the strange fiVe. The late *'1>B William Stable said that Lawyer Marks ndeff i John Biddle was the first person to bring Schuylkill county coal to Reading and that he (Maj. Stable) introduced the first coal stove into the town in 1812.” “After the completion of the Schuylkill canal in 1824, the Coleman Bros, and Ja¬ cob Peters run packet boats on the canal and these carried many passengers be¬ tween Reading and Phila. The beats were fitted up handsomely, having cabins dining rooms, bars and berths. Then were relays of horses every 8 or 10 miles A packet boat that left Reading at 6 a._m. arrived at Phila. in the evening a.nd ie there the following morning at 6 o’eloc for Reading. The number of passengers on a boat often numbered 50 to 75. Th canal originally extended through th lower section of the town between Fron sm J T 113

in the organization the strongest ln*j HISTORIC CHURCHES. guage was used, to hind the property forever to the use of the “Evangelical Some of X'liem in Beika County Over 150 Lutheran church, of the unaltered Augs¬ Years OI riage recorded was that of Conrad We may voyage to many foreign lands Maneschmid and Ann Maria Kuhn, and return without having seen a more March 13th, 1744. The first effort to beautiful view than that spread out from gather people together for the organi¬ our own hills. And the ease with which zation of a congregation was made in it can be reached gives Reading advan¬ 1739, and a donation of land for church tages which are eDjoved by but few cities and school house was obtained in 1742'. iu the world. \ A log church was built in 1742. A stone The city which is thus spread befo e church was erected in 1761. This church one from the pinnacle of the “Tower ” stood till 1895, when it was torn down delicately traced Lke a broad expanse of and a new church built, the stones of the ! tapestry work, embraces within its pres¬ old church being used for the founda¬ ent area about seven square miles, or tion ot the new one. This new church 4,558 acres, over seven times as large a has been built during the ministry of territory as that originally laid out by the present pastor, Rev. S. L. Harkev, the Penns in 1748. The cily is in D.D., of Kutztown. The records do not I average length from north to south, 3.13 show who the first ministers were. But! 114

„ues with a number ot very beautiful I its width from east to west fountains in different parts of the es 2.37 miles. It is interesting to grounds At the western side of the | e “that the water-front along the Common is the Penn Street Reservoir and sJhnvlkill River, which is available tor the County Jail> a medieval, castellated | manufacturing purposes, 4.82 miles. building, with an impressive keep and This is chieiiy due to the long sweeping tower* curves of the river and is of incalculable A little further out from the centre of value to the city. with well-elevated town are two beautiful pleasure-grounds. mountains to help in purifying air and both handsomely equipped, namely afford atmospheric protection, and the Lauer’s Park and the Mineral Springs, ' river to always ensure good drainage, Park. At the latter art has simply had; i Reading could ask little more from Nat- to reveal rather than to adorn nature. ! ure than it has already bestowed. The The Park is owned by the city and free | topographical position of the city is most to all, being easily reached by the Perk¬ admirable. There is a steady gentle ae-^ iomen Avenue cars. It is delightfully i fline from the eastern section, at the loot situated in a long winding dell between i 1 f it An to the Schuylkill at the two jutting spurs of Mt. Penn. Tnrougli western extremity. No arrangement it runs a romantic little stream, crossed Tould be better adapted for drainage. here and there by rustic bridges, and The soil also consists of limestone and every little while dashing down in brilli¬ gravel formations, the “sine qua non ant sparkling cascades. The terraces a good sanitary foundation tor a are well supplied with benches, arbors Penn street, running east and west from and pavilions for picnic parties Near the Park to the river, forms the natural the entrance is one of Reading s best hos¬ boundary between northern and southern ieries, and a fine refreshment hall. sections/ It is about a mile and a half The Park is a special favorite during the in length. There are seventy-seven miles warm summer evening when the bright of completed streets in the city, of these lights glimmer through the trees and the llfty miles are paved or macadamized. soft strains of music float dreamily away There are in addition fifty eight miles among the hills. High’s Woods and Fly¬ , of projected streets, either now under ing Hill Park are also pleasant resorts, 1 construction or to he very soon opened near at hand and great favorites during The street railways at present cover 23 the summer. miles—a very large proportion, being nearly one-third of the street line. The electric railroads extend over 18 miles, which distance is soon to be large¬ MILlTaRY SPIRIT ly increased. Fifty-six miles oi street have gas mains, and there are 72 83 milts And in This the County Has Borne of water mains in the city. In exact Its Full Share Our Citizens Have numbers there are just 17L streets and Always Borne an Honorable Part alleys. in the Glories as Well as the Priva¬ There is a regularity of street system tions of War. which is simple and harmonious without Reading has always been famdus for 1 being in any way monotonous. In every its patriotism and military sP1«t; It| direction delightful drives can be taken citizens have been engageam the 5 into the suburbs over the best oi wars in which ■ our . country - haf J\®en thoroughfares. Among the most pleasant involved, and in i all* they have, distin¬ of these are the routes to the Chas. Evans guished themselves for * their caurage cemetery through North Fifth Street and and soldierly qualities. na- Centre Avenue; to Mineral Springs Park In the Frenchr renen an4 M«ftJve or the Black Bear out East Penn street knots from this county, ” and Perkiomen Avenue; ajso to Mohns- part. Conrad Weisem was *■ one of the -i < ville via Bingaman Street and the Lan¬ commanders and was a' ^tenant coL caster Bridge. These drives areof course on el of the 2d battalion of the Perm a supplemental to those which can be regiment of 9 companies. This was taken on Reading’s fine system of street portion of the troops:raised for the pur¬ cars, the electric lines, the Gravity Rail¬ pose of driving out the Indians 'who roads. In the way of charming and were about making an invasion of t healthful facilities for swift locomotion 6 In 1756, an independent company of few cities of its size in the country can grenadiers in General Shirley s ^®s d ' even be compared to Reading. So lar as was stationed here temporarily and a natural beauty is concerned it can hold number of citizens-did loyal service n j its level with the very finest and best. the Berks forts, the rums of whichstill Not far from the centre of the city is remain. The patriots were kept bu«y m Penn’s Common, one of the oldest and those days, and the Read’"^ braVery most attractive parks in the State. It were complimented upon then 1brave Iy was set apart by the Penns, at the laying and endurance. Scalps were in great out of the city, to be a public pleasure- demand among the Inchans. The lctter ground forever. It covers about fifty of Conrad Weiser give^Ing accounts acres, consisting of broad spacious lawns of the scenes about Read and terraces, drives and shaded promen ...... jcounty in this war. The cruelties con¬ f^Tlie departure of the Artfnerisfs is tinued until peace had been declared and I (of the incidents in Reading’s military his¬ the French and Indians withdrew. tory, which has possibly never been I During the revolution patriotism ran I equalled. The officers and men were given high, and the news of the famous Boston handsome gifts, the officers receiving tea party stirred up the people. Meetings swords, etc. The company did splendid were held, the British government was Service in Mexico, being engaged in the denounced, and a committee was appoint¬ battles of Vera Cruz, Cero Gordo, Cha- ed to correspond with the counties of the Ipultepec and Bolen Gath. The company , other provinces. This committee was com¬ was stationed in the City of Mexico for * posed of Edward Biddle, James Reed, a time and was given a brilliant reception Daniel Brodhead, Henry Christ, Christo¬ upon their return home. Twenty-seven pher Shultz, Thomas Dundas and Jona¬ men were lost in Mexico, but most of them than Potts. died from sickness contracted there. The news of the battle of Lexington did During the rebellion similar scenes net reach Reading until a week after-ward. were witnessed and the people of this Great excitement followed, but there was city were aroused as never before. The never any question as to where Reading Ringgold Light Artillery won the famous A would take her place. A company was title of the “First Defenders” by its * formed and a number of companies were prompt .response when President Lincoln raised in the county. made his famous call for troops. The- Capt. George Nagel’s company of Rifle¬ company left here on the afternoon of‘ men was one of the first organized in April 16, 1861, and reached Harrisburg! Reading. A number of the patriots from that evening, where its men were mus-i this city participated in the Massachu¬ tered in with the 4 other companies for 3-' setts campaign and saw hard service. months’ service. They arrived at Wash¬ Capt. Jonathan Jones’ company partici¬ ington on the 18th and were given a pated in the campaign for the conquest of hearty reception. Canada. Capt. Henry Christ’s company Company after company was raised, and served in the Penn’a Rifle regiment, com¬ there were few large engagements in manded by Col. Samuel Miles. which Reading soldiers did not partici¬ Companies commanded by Capt. John pate. Many of our people were lost on 3pohn and Peter Decker were enrolled in southern battlefields; others suffered at the 5th Penn’a battalion, while a com- i Libby and Andersonville, while many pany commanded by Capt. Jacob Moser v on high honors on the field and received was'included in the*6th Penn’a regiment. promotions. No braver soldiers ever Companies composed of Reading and wore the blue than those who were sent Berks men were commanded by Jacob to the front from Berks. Many persons Bauer, Benjamin Weiser, Joseph Hiester, from this city served in the navy. .Jacob Maurer, Jacob Livingood and Thousands of dollars were raised for the nlhers. Many Reading soldiers rose to support of the government and the great¬ places of distinction and won high hon¬ est patriotism prevailed until the close ors on the field of battle. Reading was of the war, when the “Boys in Blue” a basis of supplies during the war, and returned home, after one of the greatest was used as a military camp, where pris¬ druggies ever known in modern times oners were kept. The latter were Eng¬ There are, probably, several thousand lish officers and Plessian soldiers, who \ eterans of the late war residing in this were stationed in what is still known to¬ city and county. These have their pa¬ day as the “Hession camp.” The news triotic organizations, such as McLean and i «f the surrender of Lord Cornwallis was Keim Posts, Grand Army of the Repub¬ received with great rejoicing. lic, and UDion Veteran Legion [ In the war of 1812, the military spirit General D. McM. Gregg, who was one was again aroused to a high pitch and of the leaders at Gettysburg, although many men again enlisted for service in not originally from this city, is claimed hope of again thrashing England. by the people of this city as one of its ; On Sept. 27, 1813, a brilliant illumina- soldiers. jtion of the entire town took place in honor Reading has always been Represented of the victory of Commodore Perry on in the army and navy service, and not a Lake Erie. few of its officers have risen high Col The response of soldiers to the call Simon Snyder, who was recently made a when once issued was prompt and indi¬ brigadier general, is one of the Indian 1 cated the sympathy of the people for the fighters who won fame on the frontier war. and has always claimed this place as his The Reading Washington Grays was home. Col. E. P. Pearson is at Mobile one of the companies which went to the with his command. Bfiilly a score of front and was commanded by Capt. Daniel Reading me'n arc officers in the tegular "( fdeB. Keim. It was raised,^uniformed and service. Several score of Reading' bo vs [equipped in 15 days, and left home on are blue jackets in the navy and are with V iSept. 16, 1814. The company gave a pa^ Dewey at Manila or Sampson and Schley irade on the evening before leaving, and In Cuban waters, \ were given a parting address by Rev. J. Only a few days ago, a party of 28 F. Grier. When peace was declared, the young men started south to join the 2d citizens of Reading “had an illumination, U. S. cavalry at Mobile, and it is as fine a in which 1,600 pounds of candles were party of volunteers as ever left here. consumed.” The Reading Artillerists are encamped The Mexican war followed in 1847, and ,at Chickamauga park, under command of hardly had it been declared, when a town Capt. S. R. Willets. The company is a meeting was held and the government. part of the 4th regiment, one of the crack iwas unanimously upheld. The Reading | organizations now in camp there, and has !Artillerists, Washington Grays and Na¬ received the highest praise from military tional Grays promptly tendered their ser authorities. Besides these there are not vices to President Polk. ' • «* :• *\A* W* SxJmKi tl4!

■ .|W

— Mr. Bennett, of'the New York Herald, u who are enlisted in other com- had requested his. correspondents to .nies in the Guard. Two new com- send him a personal letter informing nanies, which have been raised by Henry him accurately of such things as might D Green and Harry M. Phillippi, are, not be proper to include in the commu¬ ready to go as soon as they are calle^P nications to the Herald. I had written upon. -* a number of such letters before, which I had always submitted to Gen. Giant rWHEN IR. KEIffl or Gen. MacPherson, as the case might be. On this occasion I said, ‘General, I have a great notion to tell Bennett how found the code I have read the Rebels1 signals and give Yiim the full code for his personal in¬ formation.’ Gen. MacPherson said it CAUGHT REBEL SIGNALS would be all right to do so. I accord¬ ingly wrote up my newspaper corre¬ spondence and then wrote this persona He Sent Them to His Newspaper letter to inclose with it. I took the let¬ and They Were Published — He ter to MacPherson and he read it over carefully and said there could be no ob¬ Was Arrested But Was Soon jection to sending it, as it was of a pri¬ J Cleared of the Charge—The Man vate nature. Who Published Them Lost His Job Placed Under Arrest. “Four or five days after 1 had dis¬ patched these letters Col. Killburn The last number of the “Fourth Es¬ Knox, one of Pennsylvania’s sons, then tate” contained the following: a member of General Sherman’s staff, “Only once or twice during the entire rode up to headquarters, dismounted, , ■war did a correspondent publish infor¬ came up to me, and, saluting, said: ’Mr. | mation to which the generals m com¬ | Keim, I have a very unpleasant duty to mand seriously objected. One of these . perform.’ was DeB. Randolph Keim, who sent to I asked him the nature of it. He re- his paper the enemy’s signal code, plied, ‘I am here to place you under ar- | which he had worked out, and thus pu rect ’ I was, of course, somewhat taken an end to a valuable source of mforma- back and I asked, ‘What for?’ He sajd, j ■I have an order from Secretary Stan- DeB. Randolph Keim, who returned ton directing your arrest.’^ I replied, from Washington on Friday evening, ‘Well, I suppose I am expected to go . was shown the above a Herald man by with you.’ „,tVl and asked for the story of the publisn- “I mounted my horse and went with ing of the rebels’ signal code. him to Gen. Sherman’s headquarters. , lVlr. Keim said: “When I was with Gen. MacPherson was sitting at the | Sherman’s army in the Atlanta cam¬ time some distance from headquarters, paign a number of us set about wor i talking to some of the general officers ' ing out the signal code used by the of the Army of the Tennessee. As we Rebels in telegraphing from one part of ! halted in front 61. him, he asked m~ the army to another. Sherman’s oper¬ j what was the matter. I said, I am a* ' ations were largely influenced by the der arrest.’ He asked, What fo . readings we would bring of these mes- replied, ‘I don’t know; the order comes ) sages. When we got down to Ailatoona from Secretary Stanton.’ Well, well General Corse was in command, and it find out,’ said he, and, mounting his - was here Sherman signalled over to horse and calling two mounted order¬ him- ‘Can you hold out until I come. lies he went with us to Gen. Sherman. 'fl Corse replied, ‘Yes, till hell freezes “When we arrived, there I demanded over.’ ] of Knox what the charges were for Learning the Cede. which I was arrested. He jaid he did “I became proficient In learning the not. know, hut finally admitted that he ) enemy’s code by frequently watching had a despatch from Secretary Stanton | the different movements of the flags on saying that in Keim’s despatches to the t the heights. We would discover that a , New York Herald it was said we were ' given movement resulted in certain I reading the rebels’ secrets from their -changes in the direction of the army. signals. Gen. MacPherson spoke up While at other times a different move- and said that w&s not a despatch to 1 nrent of the flags would bring about a the Herald, but personal information to sudden halt on the part of the enemy. Mr Bennett. Gen. Sherman said, Well, From day to day, as the varied signals j nave nothing to do with it We ail were shown, we would note them, o know Keim and there must be some serve the effect they had, and at last mistake about it. He was With, th we had the perfect code. When we go Army of the Tennessee before it w< s to Lone Mountain we knew we would organized. Go over and see Gen. Geo be at Atlanta in a few days. I H°Thomas, commender of the Army of “One day when I was at Gen. Mac- j the^Cumberland.’ .MacPhergon said, "’herson’s headquarlers I told him that right.' W01Ty; this will come "out all I early settled here must be 5Tveif"a'7a«, I place among the great forces in the de- i <

thus made possible the Jn, and material splendor of tmday, The icingSS bufha'°«aTa“:but have me ordered out of tu ispicssericrof 0t gaa Germanlarn,yt00k0U province. t,Je Thec^aclr! build taaTst°anSnn ”atter — *o Secre! logs dress and customs, and praotiealjy ‘•Ididso Wh/?086 t0 so at once.’ ■ Th??Ul“°U lallgUa8e were all German* aid office in New'Voii?? „ ?/hhe Her' his region is probably the most purelv Bennett, who, after fcarinj l/?61- moment, said ‘Mr TCairJ g me f a iSr/si,:1*”1*1" »r“^ rs are necessary. The editor ^hapolog:ies badfe^ 174°’ the 8r°wth of this section tion C ? so. raarke4 that the organic , and nitn t0TR 8eeWed 80 immediate and natuial conclusion. Jn 1745 46 th« 1 two sons of William Term, Thomas and Richard, visited this locality nartlv tn ' ~rir^y enjoy the fine fishing and hu&iug, Which covered that your despatches io % was even then a gentlemanly custom Herald were written on maniH r> th& fn thTwa^fad” see whatmig’ht be done whereas the P.rarrr.ph about ,SS5 hereabouts Th “Clng their Berests ^ Hereabouts. They seem to have been .SK rF i greatly impressed with the beauty fer llity and general advantages of the point between the Schuylkill and Mt open L ?tewn°Und,that the Ietter was l lWas er*closed with the press Penn, now occupied by our flourishing despatch, but I dismissed him ’ city. Ihpy at once decided to lay-out1 a new town at this pojut. As some ten 1 returnntba?her thiS 1 Was authoriZed to H ““ ? the army- Gen. Grant invit- years previous they had sold a JarJe part i d me to join him at City Point n»ar of this land ri was necessary to repur-! Richmond. The letter t ho,. • n~ar chase it from then holders. After some

enectedeffSeda “nin i7481748,g0ti anddti the,uUS ’ originalthis wasfi Dlot“8lly nf , £EH"J» Reading was laid out by Richard Hockly centering around what is now Penn Square, in the same year The orioin i town included only (jOO acres 8ThI ^r?eath- The "cords of the War Department contain an Hm laJd °ut with g°°4 engineer- lug ability and a Jargp tract, what i« on sn5«taiV ^ «S“- P»«ure ,h? ,etter Ge' ““ Pbei: now Penn s Common, was set apart for- 1 ever rs a public park. The nmnriofn Iniacttv^wE t6l?after Sherm“" be- Ibomas and Richard Penn, soh/oflT tb r’l Vallev i ilga§:ed in t]ie Shenandoah Valley, I was sent down there. lots for an annual ground rent, °whic 0 was never fully collected. Growth cm IP showT was” eSfreIvafter incic3ents t0 tinned to be rapid and four years latl '-C'1 “> «™*. or ,f>» the county of Berks, with Reading as its seat, was set off frog} the oJ4 %0aat? of Philadelphia. This was the fourth I? °fJe State> the three prior hav J iog been Philadelphia, Chester aid W READING AS IT WAS. I caster. It is interesting to note that the name of Reading was faken^ because H The Story of *j,lh

HURCHES of the Lutheran, GeynifU is'theftish co^Ityof which C Reformed, Dunkers, Mennouites Huguenots and Anglican faiths of the Christian Church were i early established. The Quakers 1 were not much given to outward 1 nth"118’) nUt held quiet gatherings at each others homes, and there chiefly in medi¬ tation revolved the distinctive*doctrines Th«ther .subdu®d yet generous faith, thT'fi 1° i»» fh«w p!2?. the religious influence of the people who the first fear years of its town history. 118

ember, 1755, quite a little battle occurred . gained about 400 people, j at Tulpehocken. only eighteen miles dis¬ . was a great increase in those days. tant between the settlers numbering , town was now well started and no about thirty, and such an invading hand. serious impediment has since retarded The noise of firing aroused the citizens, j the alarm-bells of Reading rang out and reenforcements were sen lts ^tT^ wars AND the revolution, j to ' the seat of the conflict. CTsNheretotofe intimated the people of This was as near as the bloody shadow of war ever came to the quiet domiciles of Readiug. The townspeople on various I occasions sent detachments to the difier- ! eut outlying forts of the Schuylkill Valley. We find no record that any Reading man ^ldo.E« «o 'or Ve Boglish was ever killed in these expeditions. o B ,„mpnt The last has always been Within the town itself it is ceitain th'*t SSSS o S the natives of * sab¬ no one ever lost life or property at t. ie red “u»tr, Hke ^ to be moved hands of the Indians. Throughout t» ie around at will, more ^Tand period of colonial struggle the towvn Thpir action prior to tbe rrencnami went steadily ahead, increasing in stat, ure, population and solid wealth. Ine iron interest, which had been started in a crude way in 1717 with one of the old- fashioned forges, developed quietly creat agitation among the other tribes through the century and was in good began to effect these ot Pennsylvania working shape by the time of the Revo¬ and for the first time tbe warlike passion lution Other trade interests multiplied burst forth. The people were all the and flourished. Reading became recog¬ more unprepared by reason of the prev¬ nized as the great trade centre of north¬ ious peaceful condit on of tilings. There ern and central Pennsylvania, the second j were^no blockhouses scattered through city of the State. A township was organ¬ "e “I,! as in other States, and families”irT*the outlying districts were ized in 1760. . , families mercy of the red men. As the time of the great struggle lot liberty drew on, the people of Reading EX'‘eaEe.J pave evidence of the blood they inherited. X- %“".d ratter contri- Thev had no special attachment to Eng¬ land' and the old Teutonic spirit ol inde¬ »»«?<* ™a‘™.«/rtWow gU'tmeti®.. pendence and freedom came easily to carrying everything before it. There 1 w^re very few Tories here, these being I \ the richer families of the Friends, who! were allied to the English Penns and held position to a certain extent under f i Ser, whose influence over »*“ coi“cr S3 Fifth streets. The canons blood and treasure. On the passage of old building stood for over^centnrj,^^ the Stamp Act in 1765, a great mass meeting was held in Reading, where • * some of the earliest and strongest utter¬ ) SStSln plan^S.,., the red men often assembled in times of peace, stretch- ances in favor of freedom were made A.s it became clear that war must decide ' in» their wigwams where now stand great the questions at issue, the citizens prompt¬ business establishments, and gartering ly prepared to tnke part ill the festivities. < skinsor%enison to ***%»*£ rey“o\“” he-e «ew miUtons of do}- Thev equipped two military companies In t«s and sent them to the assistance of Washington. The commanders, cap- ; -a >.» j tains Bfddle and Broadhead, both gamed I ‘ tbes,”'v.s»t high distinction during the war. Other volunteers were soon enlisted and from SS'S b.d formed » good » J»; Boston to Yorktown there was not an im¬ ; m of the peop e °fecially held Courad portant battle-field where Reading was :i Wefse/in such high affection and regard, not honorably represented. At the same /- that they never attacked nor threatened to time, she was proving her uselulnes in ■J, ‘attLk lh. town. They cam. very ne„ 1■ another direction. The value of her at times, overrunning the whole northern 1 foundries for the casting of her cannon > nart of the county, and ravaging t and a l munition, as well as her strong / townships of Bethel and Tulpehocken j and yet pot too remote position early After Braddock’s defeat in 17ot> large suggested to General Washington that bodies of western Indians, from Oh.o and ! Readiug would be the best possible ■ beyond made frequent incursions j point for a reserve dj^ptof supplies. A -ough the Schuylkill valley, which then d practically the frontier. In Nov- -m , | large quantity oi’ munitions and' supplies desired to visit during my torn | wj|J.e S'®f0re kept ,le.re throughout the was the old borough of Reading, in I 1 ' e pressure of the conflict also Berkshire, England" after which our i £ Zid raanufacturi,ig interests of Reading and our Berks were named. nnrt h u T ley IJot on*y niade cannons and balls but also fire-locks, powder One cannot always carry out a program made at borne, but as regards this par¬ equipments apd saddlery, Out of the | loss again fl°wed gain, Still the city | ticular locality I determined not to be I thwarted, and so after leaving London shqrefl in the general calamity, many of for the second time and for good we took lefthdeS C,Ul?ens Perished, families were Reading in our course on the way to afcLenape.’ This was one ot the strongest and best of their mighty shade countless denizens o. the Indian nations, occupying most of field and wood. It is worth noting tha what is now Delaware, New Jersey, the great monarchs of the forest hav( Maryland, Pennsylvania and Southern sometimes been known to live over a New York. They were united in close bonds with the Lake tribeB, forming the • thousand years. Few cities last that Five Nations, apd some of their noblest long. The real history of Reading in-1 types of men have been immortalized in deed is included within two centuries.\ th§ novels ot J. Fenimore Cooper. They | Wbat was prior may be of interest to the) had sufficient basis of integrity and honor to appreciate the spirit of William Penn scientist or speculative student, hut can and his sons. So long as this spirit pre¬ help little in presenting a clear view of vailed. they lived peaceably with the the present city, which is the main ob¬ settlers of Pennsylvania, including this ject of this article. immediate section. They seem to have made this section of the river a great It is not at all unlikely that another center tor fishing, their name for the distinct race dwelt along this section of maintain being “Navesink” (from the Schuylkill river before it was occu¬ which our Neversink). which means a pied by that strange, stern people, with “favorite fishing-ground.” Among the fish caught were shad, sturgeon, salmon copper-colored skin, whom, following the and baas. They had set lines with wam¬ original error made by Columbus, we pum hooks, and no doubt some of their have been accustomed to call Indians. voung braves used to spear the larger Whoever this primeval people may have fish as Longfellow describes Hiawatha ‘ been, there has not been found in this doing in his famous poem. There is valley a single relic of their existence, so nothing besides this fact of good fishing that their presence can he merely inferred here to iudicate that the present site of from remains elsewhere discovered. They Reading was made a center of the Minsi may have departed long before the In¬ tribe. It was a small one, scattered dians came, leaving the forest-crowned throughout Berks and adjoining counties, hills and beautiful winding rivers to re-1 Only a few dozen people liyed where now fleet the stars and the sunlight, unruffled | are as many thousands, They have some¬ by the echo ot a human voice, unswept times held their “pow-wows or relig¬ by the discords of man’s unceasing strug¬ ious dancings, at the Navesink hu., the gle with nature and his fellows, for hun¬ great tribal cemetery, which usually dreds, even thousands of years marks the central rallying-place, was not The brief, blood-stained history, of the here. Their simple life and habits, stern, Indian peoples must always possess a unconquerable disposition and feroci y striking interest to ^11 who remember when aroused, their often childish curi¬ that their title to the territory we now osity, are all familiar to the students ot occupy was at least as good as our own. American history. No more interesting account, moreover, EARLY SEITLERS. remains of the swift transition in the The initial impulse to the life and fate of a people swept away by a super¬ growth ot this section came lrom several ior race and barely tolerated where once sources. Indeed Reading may be said to they were completely dominant. The have a very cosmopolitan foundation. people ot Pennsylvania can reflect upon In the order of their immigration thither, the relations established by their ances- the first settlers of Berks and Reading , tors with the aborigines, with greater were the Swedes, the French Huguenots | satisfaction than can the people of any the Germans of the Palatinate and the n j i - __ i_ A o 4- n a other section of the country. As the i | English Quakers. The last two have haa V- treatment on one side was the more hon- | the greatest influence on the develop¬ qrable and conciliatory, so on the other J ment of the city; the Quakers giving the : ^he attitude of the Indians was normally j name and many of the early forms oj ad¬ qqiet and peaceful. Oar early annals ministration, the Germans forming from f contain but very few touches oi that an early period the great hulk of the peo¬ j bloody smirching, which stains in an al¬ ple, and determining in large measure most steady stream the first century and the entire scope of industrial, social a I a halt of colonisation along the rest of intellectual progress. a the Atlantic coast. A few instances of

/ from the first .been famous for its tine The Royal Grant by Charles II. to water supply, even more so than for its William Penn of the Province of Penn¬ beer, which is saying a great deal. From sylvania in 1Q82 furnishes one of those this period, (1710), the Germans have historical milestones which mark a new formed the great underlying and de¬ and important epoch. This region at the termining force in Reading’s general life. very center of the new country, became About 1713, however, a few families of at once the refuge of those suffering from Quakers arrived, who were the repre¬ religious persecution in all lands. New sentatives of the Penns, and took charge England had simply opened her stern of administrative matters, collection of forbidding harbors to the Puritans. rents, etc. Their influence was largely Penn threw wide open the doors not only to the persecuted Quakers, but also to exte.nal and formal, rather than decisive the French, German and other religious in the social growth of the people. These refugees. In the City of Brotherly Love first immigrations were followed by the accession of several more families of the all creeds found tor the first time toler¬ ance and men began to build upon one of Friends in 1738, and a sort of tidal move¬ the great foundation stones of the Con¬ ment of the Germans in 1740, which stitution. Out through the city and up spread itself over all parts of the county. the course of the Schuylkill river the All of the various peoples who came hither in the first hall of the 18t,h cen¬ new settlers began to pour, toward the close of the 17th and in the beginning ol tury were marked by strong religious feeling, a faith as strong and distinct as the 18th centuries. A few Swedish settlers were found al¬ that of the New England Puritans. They ready ensconced here, but they were ol built, among their earliest structures, slight importance historically. The temples of worship, rude fanes of forest first of the new order of settlers to arrive trees, and every movement in this early were the French Huguenots, who had time, whether the laying of a foundation been driven out of Fiance by Louis for a barn, a farmhouse or a township, NIV.’s revocation of the Edict of Nantes was inaugurated by prayer. in 1685. An interesting historical re¬ flection here suggests itself as to the strange transversious of human influence. TRAILS, STAGES, This revocation was the work of the ' famous or the infamous Madame de Pom padou<-, and thus the superstitious whim RAILROADS AND TROLLEY. of a royal courtesan had a very import¬ It’s 150 years from Indian trails tc ant-effect on the development of Read¬ trolley tracks. The peffbtl between the ing, as well as of other cities in the New two is filled by mud roads, turnpikes, World. By the early part of the 18th canals, street cars and the locomotive. century several thousand of the Hugue¬ The century and half existence of Read¬ nots, among whom were members of the ing has seen them all. French nobility, had settled in the vicin¬ Long before Charles II. thought of giv¬ ity of what is now Reading. Theii ing the province of Penn’a to the Penns, chief center was at Oley, and they have the Indians had thCir paths through the efl ways constituted a very useful and in¬ dustrious element in the upbuilding ol woods where Reading now stands. Nature provides and man selects them. the best life of the section, ,_Just a little later, between 17**5 and Where the Penn st. bridge now is was 1710, large bodies of Germans from the an Indian ford. The red men used it in Palatinate began to arrive. They had j passing to their encampments along the been driven out also by religious intoler¬ Tulpehocken. Ontelaunee and Wyomis- ance and the disastrous condition of the eing. Then came the white men, and Rhine country produced by the Thirty their survivors, in laying out roads, gen¬ Years’ War. A pathetic picture of the erally followed the paths of the Indians. Universal desolation of the Palatinate at The confluence of these roads at the this time is given in Goethe’s great poem ford or its vicinity was the first incen¬ tive for the formation of a town. Its .’Hermann und Dorothea.” Many of success depended on them. these Germans came from the best fami¬ The first mention of a road through lies in Heidelberg, Frankfort, and parts what is now Reading was that marked out of Wartemburg and Bavaria. They in 1687 which was to connect the Dela¬ brought with them their sturdy Teu¬ ware and the Susquehanna and was to tonic habits, their conservative and re4, make use of the ford at the foot of Pen i, and for many years was known as the liable traits, expressed in the old maxim Tulpehocken road. In 1768 a road was Ein Maun, ein Wort,” their love of laid out from Reading to the Susque¬ home and music, their generous, broad- hanna, and 50 years later became tile 1souled hospitality. It is said that there Berks and Dauphin turnpike. Then came the Maidencreek road, sur¬ was a tavern in town where the burgh¬ rJ) ers used to gather for social converse and veyed in 1745 by Samuel Lightfoot from good large steins of the old German bier, Francis Parvin’s. mill, near the mouth of the Maidencreek, southward to the Read¬ before even the first pump had made its ing ford. Later this became tbe pike to m appearance. Afterward there were a Easton, and tolls were collected until great many of these, for Reading has 1784. e first steps were taken for a j 1830 competition was so _ en Reading and Phila. It was were reduced one-half, but because of the Oley road. It began at tue their mail contract the Coleman lines ,1 had its terminus near Amity- compelled the others to withdraw. It al¬ Later the route was changed to ways had 100 horses in its stables to be way of Douglassville, and in 181J ready for any emergency. pike followed this route from Reading But the railroads were appearing, and , Perkiomen creek. This was the first the stage was doomed. They were dis¬ ereat highway between Phila. and what continued * from Phila. in 1838; from fn now Berks, and then, after passing Pottsville, 1842; from Harrisburg, 18o8, through the village of Reading, passed on and from Allentowm, 1859. CANALS. to the west by way of what is now the. Berks and Dauphin turnpike through Soon after the establishment of the Sinking Spring, Womelsdorf, etc., to Ha - stage lines, canals began to be agitated. As early as 1690 William Penn suggested risburg. Another that centred in Reading was that one be built to connect the Schuyl¬ the Schuylkill road, surveyed by George kill and the Susquehanna. One Hundred Boone in 1751, from Caernarvon up alonQ years later the Penn’a Legislature in¬ corporated the Schuylkill and Susque¬ he west bank of the Schuylkill. _ Following this came the thoroughfare hanna navigation company, and in li9Z a over Neversink mountain to Plying Hill, charter was obtained for the Delaware and | in 1753, with another through Reading Schuylkill canal company. This was to K connect with the former at Reading and northward to Alsace church. In 1762 came that which is now the con¬ build one to Phila. These two were to tinuance of Bingaman st., crossing the form part of a chain which woulc | river on its way to Lancaster. Then give a water connection to Phila. and there was a lull of a few years, when the Pittsburg. Both fell through. Bern road was laid out in 1772, and whai. April 2, 1811, the Legislature chartered is now known as the Friedensburg road, the Union canal company. It was a com¬ bination, partly of the 2 former compan¬ in THE STAGES. ies, and it required 17 years to complete After our forefathers had roads ana the work. The first boat to pass through pikes to different, points, they naturally was the Fair Trade, Capt. Smith. Over turned their attention to transportation. 200 boats were in service before the close 'It was the day of the stage. The first was of 1828. This, canal was 79% miles in a 2-horse coach, established by Martin length and had 91 locks, 8 basins, 9a Hausman and made weekly trips to Pnila. bridges, 16 dams and 17 aqueducts. For a ° ' . . i i 4-Vi in TirOrOT* The fare was $2 and the journey required long time it was thought that this water 2 days. Now the distance is covered in way -was the only communication pos¬ less than 2 hours. Going to Phila. a hun¬ sible between the Delaware, Schuylkill dred years ago was as much as a trip to and the Suesquehanna. But the building St. Louis is to-day. It was quite an of the Columbia railroad by the state m event Besides the inconvenience of i 1835, and the opening of the East Penn spending 2 days in the carriage riding 1 railroad in 1857, proved to be crushing over bad roads, there was a possibility of blows. These figures give some idea of being held up and robbed before the jour¬ the business: In 1847 the tonnage amount¬ ney was completed. .. ed to 139,256 and the tolls collected were William Coleman purchased the line . $91,356; 1848, 153,222 tons, and $95,9o3 several years after its establishment, and 1 tolls, and 1849, 148,332 tons and $86,800 for 70 years the Coleman family wtere collected in tolls. prominent in the stage business. The Id arch 8, 1815, the Schuylkill canal was line was soon extended to Harrisburg, incorporated. It was to extend from and by 1818 there were 2 trips weekly be¬ Mill Creek, Schuylkill county, to Phila., tween Sunbury and Phila. by way of and make use of the water of the Schuyl¬ Reading. In 1823 the service was extend¬ kill At that timt the Centre turnpike ed to Lancaster and Easton. The busi¬ was used to transport freight to Reading, ness must have been profitable, for soon .where the heavy teams made use ot tne Reading became a centre, and others en¬ Perkiomen and Germantown pikes to con¬ tered into competition, and Colder and clude the journey to Phila. Different Wilson, in 1825, started a line to Harris¬ sections were completed from time to burg, the fare being $2—50 cents to Wom¬ time, but the formal opening took place elsdorf and $1 to Lebanon. with appropriate exercises on July o,18Z4. In 1826 a combination , was made be¬ This witnessed the completion of a class tween the Colemans, Jacob Peters and of internal improvements recommended Colder & Co. to run a daily stage between bv ‘William Penn, more than 130 years Phila. and Harrisburg by way of Read¬ before. The cost was nearly $2,000,000. , ing The start was made from Phila., at Until the completion of the canal, it 4am- dinner was taken at Reading; cost 40 cents per hundred weight to lodging at Lebanon, and Harrisburg was transport goods between Phila. and Read¬ reached next morning. This was quite an ing by wagon. The boats reduced it to event, and the people thought it was rapid 12% cents. As might be expected, such transit. a reduction in freight was a boom to IJntU 1826 the vehicles were known as business. Until 1826 the boats were the steamboat variety, being an uncov¬ ered wagon holding 20 persons, made at C!^i“ required^ .* wleV to Lancaster. About that time other parties went into the business and competition Iast|4-f:H“e-n0rno?S«b0anl mufeJ became keen. There were 3 lines. Cole¬ man’s, known as the old line; Reeside & W tvi i g26 the tolls collected amounted to Platt’s and Miltimore & Mintzer’s. About $43 108; 1827, $58,149; 1828, $87,171; 1829 1827 an improved coach was introduced, $120,039; 1830, $148,165. Traffic grew, and known as the Troy. It held 11 passen- by 1842 the tonnage had increased to over gers, with rooin for 5 on_the top. By half a million tons, and the tolls were — ]

| Reading, as a city, subscrJBednoV ^7 shares. An election was hejdtogct rer $400,000. It was cons'iSere'd a gilt- edged investment. Splendid dividends peoples’ consent, on JuneThen were paid and shares that originally cost was carried by a vote of 1(¥ *°..16?nok t he 1 some of the citizens opposing It. took the $50 were sold at $175 and even $180. in . matter to the supreme court, asWng for 1851 the tonnage had reached 842,091, anu : an injunction, which was reused. The 10 years later it had jumped to nearly lYz road was opened to Lebanon in June, 18o , million tons. Half century ago, as now, people and to Harrisburg, Jan. 18 18o8. March 9, 1856, the Reading and Lehigh wanted rapid transit. After ISob tne ' railroad company was incorporated to canal company offered premiums fot build a road from Reading to Alleinovn speed. Two boats competed and in a 1 but the name was changed to the East short time it was possible to make the Penn'a railroad company, April 21, l»fat., trip between Port Carbon and New Aotk The first ground was broken near Temp e• and return in 7 days. This was consid¬ June 11, 1857, and the road completed 2 ered extraordinary, and the competition became so strong that boats were load J The Reading and Columbia, beginning at the Reading wharfs in 18 minutes at Sinking Spring, was incorporated May In 1825 John and Nicholas Coleman ran nassenger or packet beats to Pmla. in 19 1857. « The Wilmington & Northern was incor- | was a success and a decided improvement I porate#April 20, 1864, under the name of over a journey by the dusty stage. Thr®® I the Berks and Chester. Later Its name boats were used and the trip was ma S i was changed to its present title, and was in a day, the fare being $2.50. Three completed to Reading in 1874. trips were made weekly. Think of it. | 1 in March, 1871, a charter was obtained To-day a score of trains make the journey to build a road from Birdsboro, through in less than 2 hours. The packets had Reading and Berks to the Lehigh. It the right of way, and all other boats had was called the Berks county railroad to turn out. They continued in operation company, and built a road from Poplar until 1832, when the freight traffic co - Neck, through Reading to Slatington. It . , polled their withdrawal. was opened for travel in July, 18(4, hut, ean running regularly in 1846. lhey leu shortly after was foreclosed on a mort¬ « 2 p. m » gage, and a re-organization affected un- 1 Phiia the next morning. The iaie was der the name of the Berks & Lehigh. | reduced to $1, but the enterprise did not The manufacturers along the canal saw ! the need of a road to connect their es¬ |lain V1870 the3 company leased their great tablishments with the main line, now E water way to the P. & R- railroad com- Ei that the canal was no longer a great Sj panv for 099 years. As canals took busi- means of transportation. An act was I ness from the pikes, so railroads took it passed. March 20, 1860, with authority to [from the canals. Each was a step for- construct a road from the Lebanon Val¬ 1 ward. RAILROADS. ley at any point between the river ana 4th st., thence to a point on the canal I Men are living in Reading to-day w near the Reading gas works, with power 1 remember the first railroad tram that en to extend it to the Henry Clay furnaces, | tered the city. The world has been mat at the extreme lower end of the city. It 1 ing some rapid strides since then, in was opened for traffic in 1863, and after 1833 a road was projected from Poi tCa operating it for 10 years, it passed into bon to Phiia., and a charter for thc ,[ the hands of the P. & R., and has been & Reading company was secured on Apnl used ever since to deliver and receive A. nf that vear. Work was begun & • freight. and by 1837 one track was completed from The Penn’a Schuylkill Valley was the Reading to Pottstown, and on Dec. fa an last addition to Reading’s steam rail¬ excursion party of 100 residents of this roads. It was opened for traffic between „itv in 5 freight cars, drawn by horaes, Phiia. and Reading, Nov. 15, 1884. On made the trip§ to Pottstown. The start Dec. 1, 1885, it was leased to the Penn’a company. reacSf ieni4'hoursandTbeyr £“Ve| This is the story, told in a brief way. how travel between Reading and the out¬ Sarday2markedantLrebeCgfnninTof^the side world has been accomplished. It end of the great activity along the nver covers a long period of time. A century front The first regular tram to Potls- and a half ago a trip to Phiia. was quite town began running May 1, 1838,' nd tbe an undertaking, and few made it. To-day | Were 2, one leaving at b a. m., ana tne Ihundreds do it and think no more of it than a trip of a dozen miles when Read¬ OtThreafold30was Opened to Norristown, ing was founded. From a horseback July 16. 1838, and to Phiia., in 1839, when journey over an Indian trail to a cush¬ there were 2 trains daily each w ay. T ® ioned seat in a Pullman! was $2 50 for first-class and $2 foi f was v-. company's chater was STREET CARS. After rapid transit had been provided Ixtend'ed and theroad to neighboring cities, citizens of Reading

wasVmally opened ^between Phiia. wanted it within their own town, and the dav of our local street car service dawns. Reading, a distance of f “1anotber was Henry S. Eckert was one of the prime single track until 1844 £nenTbe Reading movers and the old Penn st. passenger added the entire *e, ^-hpstnut until iS7 i, railway was the pioneer line, which was depot was 7th and C ti was at put constructed in 1874. Tnen came the 6th when the present^out large num- st. line, followed by the 10th the Cotton in use. made necessuiy ber ot roads centering in this c ^ st. that up Walnut and out 11th, and the other branches followed until now our RewingPv “which was incorporated in citizens have cars on nearly every street non \ alle}, wnicu f«r come yGars. 1836, but nothing was done for some } -- ■ • A "d a Service which is most excellent, hq Re iding passenger railway succeeded the future location the Pei n st. company, and In turn made Schuylkill. way fo r the Reading traction company, Leaving England which ’in turn was succeeded by the 1732 Thomas Penn reach^th^D^are United! traction company, now operating Uti^UnJiSiTa?d land6d at Che8ter on the! all. the Reading lines with the exception 11th of that month. An express rnrip * 1 of the Reading & Southwestern. With a letter from him to Gov. Gordon, at While the little bob tail cars with one Phila. and that official hastened to re- horse have been succeeded by the present ceive him with due honor. The governor handsomely upholstered affair, the horse and all the members of the council who has been retired by the trolley line. Bach were able to travel, accompanied with a step has been one of advancement, and 5 very large number of gentlemen,” set cents pays for a 5-mile ride. out next day for Chester, waited on him The first electric road was the Black their coruPiiments in due Bear line, and this was soon followed by rorm. That he was embarrassed bv the I the equipment of the entire Reading sys¬ ceremonial, as the story attributed to tem. It’s but a few years ago, when Kernier the printer, cited in Watson great crowds were out at 19th street to avers, is not vary probable; he dees not! see a car run without horses, while to-day appear to have been a person unequa1 to1 it is one of the most ordinary of every the demands cf the station he occupied day sights. And with the trolley have whether it might be that of mercer’s come lines to Shillington and Mohnsville, apprentice or something higher The ■’ to all the towns as far west as Womels- company dined at Chester, then set out dorf, to Denglers, Black Bear and Stony for Phila., and ,,near the city- th mayor, j Creek, Riverside, and soon to Boyertown, recorder and aldermen, "with a g-eat i and tjhen on to Pottstown. A line has body of people,” met the party and ex¬ j been chartered to Temple, and that will tended the civic welcome. There was j lead on to the Fleetwood, Kutztown, and general anxiety to see the visitor for I so to Allentown, and it is a question of a since the brief stay of William, jr., 28 "lew years when we’ll go to Birdsboro,. years before, and his angry departure, Bernville and every other village within there had been none of the family of the the county on the rapidly invading trolf Founder seen here. There were crowds ley. ; in the streets as the cavalcade entered [3 It’s but 150 years ago that the Indian and women and children gathered on the:J •stealthily took his way over the hills and balconies and door stoops to see the new I through the valleys of Berks. The trol¬ arrival—“a son of William Penn!” ley now reaches over the same course, The stories which were told afterwards , carrying happy excursion parties. From \of Thomas Penn, the outcome of his stay ^ the Indian trail to the trolley track! here, are preserved by the omnivorous ! S indeed_1 Mi? c ^_ Jr Watson, and may be read in hia “An- 9 nals.” They represent his manners as ! cold, This may have .been. We presume * •.. ISAiOIrF- him to have been a self-contained and somewhat formal man, with little dispo¬ sition to what in a later day has been .-READINGrPA ealled “gush.” The democratic colonists doubtless tried him by the tradition, then still fresh among them, of his father’s Date..JIIN 11 1B9B gracious and graceful manner, and they are said to have found his brother John,

THE CAREERS OF v‘"n_

Who Showed Ofc# Wise Forethought in the Selection of the Site of Read ing-The Former's Visit to the Colonies and !> Years’ Stay Previous to !

the Founding of the Town otvthe Sohuylkill- -Details ofl-lfs Later Life. As is well known, Reading was founded' when he came 2 years later, a more af¬ under the direction of Thomas and. Rich¬ fable person. We may take from Wat- j ard Penn, the sons of William Penn. On son the story of that worthy Welshman, the occasion of the 150th anniversary of the Reverend Hugh David, who visited Thomas Penn to read him a congratula¬ the city, the Eagle herewith presents tory poem recalling the honorable con- , sketches of those interesting personages: 1 'ff'l nection of the Penns with the royal house At .the death of his father, Thomas was of Tudor, and who retired from the pres- in his 17th year—an apprentice in Lou- ence much disappointed. Relating his jdon. Apparently he resided in that city experience afterwards to Jonathan Jones, 1 I from fuat time on until he came to Penn’a of Merion, Hugh said with great disgust, in 1732. Here ho stayed 9 years, and in “He spoke to me but 3 sentences: ‘How 1741 returned to England. In 1751 he dost thou do?’ ‘Farewell!’ ‘The other was married; in 1775 he died. It is as the door!” ! principal proprietor of Penn’a for nearly Thomas Penn addressed himself with ; 11 ycars an(1 as Reading’s founder that j. • .jjjjftj energy to the proprietary affairs. The Thomas Penn has distinction. His in¬ . i. situation had greatly changed since the fluential connection with the province days of continuous outlay and no income was second only to that of his father. in the first years of the settlement, and He, as before stated, lived 9 years in ■ j of perpetual struggle to balance income Penn'a, beginning with 1732. This was K ' and outgo in the period when the founder the time when the German immigration broke down. There was now a large reve- was at its full height and the Scotch- nue from the sale of lands and quit-rents, Irish were also coming freely. It was and the expense of the government could during this period that he decided upon be sustained by the increasing numbers I THOMAS PENN, from an original oil painting I ley, fo a handsome, level I through a wood, affording ah agreeable °fInhS°Dtember, 1734, John Penn arrived vista of near twTo miles. ’ The green¬ at Pbiia with his sister Margaret and house, at this season empty, its plants her husband Thomas Frearne, and now j and flowers disposed in the pleasure gar- all the children of Hannah Oa.l^tall l den, "surpassed everything of its kind” hut Richard, were gatheied at rmia. I Daniel Fisher had ever seen in America, John returned to London in a year to and he looked with pleasure on, "a good oarrv on the controversy with Lord Hal 'mr-ciange, lemon and citron trees, in great perfection, loaded t fin ore over the Maryland_houndary^buil with abundance of fruit, and Thomas and the Freames remained at some of each sort seemingly ripe. Pliila,. There was also a neat little deer paiit, hut Thomas Penn established himself at he was told that no deer were then kept Phila. in 21 residence between Busn. Hill and the Schuylkill, with grounds es¬ lUAt' the time of Daniel Fisher's visit to teemed handsome in that day, and long the Proprietor’s Garden, Thomas known as the ■•Proprietor's Garden A had been absent from Phila. 1.4 years. He¬ young Virginian, Daniel Fisher, who h<*d re turned to England in 1741. He hail come to Phila. to seek his fortune ana taken a somewhat active part in the a- who walked late in the afternoon of the j fairs of the province, especially in the first day of the, week in May. Iih5, two treaties and conferences with the Indians, miles out of town,” found the garden, and was occasionally present at tbe meet- i though somewhat neglected, more at¬ ings of the governor's council. The conn- I tractive, he thought, than that of ex- cil's minutes record him as, present i Governor James Hamilton, at Bush Hill. March 26, 1741, and at a meeting Oct. 11. It was, he says, “laid out with more 1 that year, several Cayuga chiefs being i judgment.” The house, of brick, w’as present, Gov. Thomas told them that "Mr. | "but small,” with a kitchen, etc., justly Penn had hoped to have seen the chief ot contrived for a small rather than a l iheir nations hers this summer, hut be¬ numerous family,”—a bachelor s e»tab- ing disappointed, and being obliged to go lishment, plainly. “It is pleasingly situ¬ for England, he had left the governor in | ated,” says the writer, "on an eminence, his place.” _... i with a gradual descent, over a small val- The Pennsylvania Gazette, Aug. 20. li-U. i ■

THE CHILDREN OF THOMAS AND LADY JULIANA PENN, FROM A PAINTING BY _. - JOSHUA REYNOLDS, 1764. lias this paragraph: "This clay the Hon¬ wind is fair wee propose to sa ourable Thomas Penn, Esq., one of the mouth, from where I shall be very glad Proprietors of this Province,\attended by to see you. Enclosed is a letter from my a Great Number of the Principal Inhabi¬ Brother which put in the Post if he is not tants of this City, set out for New York, in Town, and desire Joseph Freame to get in order to embark on board his Majesty’s the enclosed bill for £1,000 accepted and Ship Squirrel, Capt. Peter Warren Com¬ take his receipt for it. Wee all affection¬ mander. for Great Britain.’’ ately salute you, and I am Apparently he did not sail from New "Your Very Sincere Friend, ^ork, however, but from a port in New “THO: PENN. England, and his ship did not get away "Plymouth Harbor, Nov 22d 1741.” j' until October. The following letter to Rich¬ The death of John Penn, in 1746, left ard Hockley (his agent in the laying out Thomas Penn the holder of three-fourths of Reading), who was about to sail from of the Proprietary and family land in England to Penn’a, to act as agent for Penn’a and Delaware. One-fourth had Thomas Penn, gives the time and circum¬ come to him in fee, as we have seen, and stances of his arrival in England: two-fourths had “been left him in life- "Dear Dickey:—As we have been in pain right by John. He thus became, pros-' for you, hearing Privateers were off our pectively, if not already, a rich man. Capes, and should have great pleasure In Thenceforward for almost 30 years, to his i hearing you were safe, I conclude it has death in 1775, he was the chief of the Penn I fared so with you, and that you will be family and a figure of the first impor¬ glad to hear my Sister (Margaret Freame), tance in the tmblic affairs of Penn’a. with her Children and myself are arrived, Throughout the period following his re¬ in perfect health, as wee have been ever turn to England he was continually in i since our departure, which was this day correspondence with the lieutenaut-gov I five weeks from New England; wee ex¬ ernors and other officials, and with his lea- pected after seeing the mast ship in the gal and business representatives in morning to have proceeded to Portsmouth, Penn’a, and the mass of letters from and j frdt the wind blowing hard at South our to him, in the collections now owned by j Captain judged proper to put in here, | the Historical Society of Pennsylvania, is where it blows hard, but as soon as the j so extensive that it has been fully exam¬ ined by but few persons, S e

I RICHARD PENN, from nn original oil painting in possession of the Penn'a Historical society. His brother, Richard, took no sucif Summer. I having been informed that prominence in the conduct of they had sixteen hundred pounds in Gold the affairs of Colonial Penn'a, by them, but it proved otherwise, for they and it is safe to say that the would pay but £150 this summer and the founding of Reading was due to the wise rest Six years hence. This would have forethought of Thomas Penn. In those ! done very well if I could afford to let my days he was not possessed of ready money lay at Interest, but that is not what finances. "People imagine, because we are I want, therefore I did nothing with at the head of a large province,” he says, them.” Later, in September, 1736, he again "we must be rich; but I tell you that for writes to John that as soon as he is able 15 years, from 1732 to 1747, I laid by (only) to ride’ ( he had been unwell) he is going about £100 a year.’’ He had been inclined to fulpehocken “'with some Palatines to think, as is shown in a letter from lately come in, to whom I have some ex¬ Margaret Freame to their brother, John pectation of disposing of half that tract.” Penn, in 1736, that he was doing in Penn’a After returning to England, Thomas the chief work for the united Proprietary Penn lived in London for a time. After interest, and should have corresponding the death of his brother, John, Thomas’ compensation. possessions increased, and he lived in The Freames, at This time, were remain¬ better style. When 50 years of age ing in Penn’a for the purpose of selling and a bachelor he was married to Lady their lands, some of which appear to have Juliana Fermor, some 27 years his junior. been at Tulpehocken, in what is now There are several portraits of her pre¬ Berks county. Thomas Freame writes to served, and one of these, a small full John Penn that there are plenty desiring length, painted about the time of the to buy, but they want small tracts and marriage, represents her as a fine-look¬ have little ready money, while he wishes ing lady in her wedding dress of white to sell in large blocks and for cash. He silk, made in a style which illustrates says, writing from Phila., March 22, 1736-7, ‘ strikingly the fashion of the time, the “I met with a very great Disappointment, [side being spread out by hoops to enor¬ for those Germans that I wrote you were mous dimensions. She stands near the about a large part of my Land went up fireplace of a handsome room, presumed with me to see it. They approved of the to be in her father’s house in Albermarle. Land and agreed with me for a price, so London. This marriage was an event of that I began to think of seeing you this arise to Thomas Penn and all j . It gave them increased oocial] (formerly Hannah Lardne mV The coupie had 8 children, ; husband 14 years. Richard Penn was , these grew up;Thomas Penn had tive in promoting the town on the ~ .ed to return,Ao Per.n’a. In a letter! kill, which he and his brother founded, I .ichard Peter'S, at Phila., March 13, but never exerted the influence of his | »4, giving him a message for the In-j brother Thomas in colonial affairs. dians, ho says't'6 tell them, “And, as for ! myself, that I fully expected to return! before this time, but some affairs have! hindered me; however, I hope to be in! America some time the next year.’’ And ! in a letter a few weeks later, May 9, he says, “I can’t think of seeing Phila. ! until the latter end of summer twelve- month.’’ During the few succeeding years he was preparing plans and com- j municating them to his agents in the j colonies for the laying out of Reading. By the opening of 1775. Thomas Penn’s | strength was evidently far spent. His i wife was now conducting the Penn’a cor¬ respondence. She writes from Stoke to L Gov. John Penn, Jan. 7 of that year: “Mr. Penn is going to London for the winter.” i ' Then follow, in successive letters, same ( to the same, the following passages: DECLINE OF THE Stoke, January 10: “Mr. Penn has no particular complaint, but I think the win-1 QUAKERS IN BE ter does not agree with him, and that i Only a Few Remaining Families Be¬ he is weaker, though he goes out every longing to tiie Society of Friends. day.” The Society of Friends numbered London, February 21: “I am sure that I about 275 families in Berks 130 years ago. he rather loses than gains strength. As j To-day this entire county has scarcely I know your affection for him, I cannot more than 20 families living in the Quaker write without giving you some account of faith. The original meeting houses are his health.” still here, but some of them are neglected London, March 1: "X think Mr. Penn is and going to decay. With one or two ex¬ visibly worse the last 2 months, tho’ he ceptions the meetings have been discon¬ still looks well at times, and goes out in tinued, but occasionally an aged brother the Coach as usual.” or sister spends a “silent hour” amid the Kindly there comes this announcement: old scenes of worship, the visitor arriving “I know the news I have to communi¬ in some cases from a distance. In the cate will affect you, But the considera¬ early history of this section the Quakers tion that poor Dr Mr.. Penn had long exerted a powerful influence. Located as since been no Comfort to himself will I they were in the midst of an overwhelm¬ hone make tho hearing it is at an end ingly large German settlement, they had lees painful to you. It pleased God to at the beginning of the present century release him yesterday, March 21, in the implanted their language and certain evening.* * * manners and customs into thousands of “Spring Garden, March 22.” ; families that belonged to other churches. Thomas Penn’s portrait, in the posses¬ ; Many of the sons of the early Quakers of sion of the earl of Ranfurly, painted at Berks became distinguished, men. Ex- the time of his marriage (a copy of which President Abraham Lincoln, martyred , was added, March, 1896, to the collections . president of the United States, and Dan¬ ! of the P'enn’a historical society), is “a iel Boone, the famous Kentucky pioneer, j small full-length of a perfectly dressed i were direct descendants of Berks county i and somewhat precise gentlemen, in the Quakers,, the latter having been born in | costume of the middle of the 18th cen- . Exeter, Oct. 22, 1733, on a farm a mile tury. He wears an embroidered grayish north of the present village of Baums- lilac silk coat and breeches, and a long town. This farm 'Squire Boone, father of white satin waistcoat. He stands at the >•' Daniel, bought in November, 1730. The 1 open door of a wainscoted room, with un- original dwelling is still standing. ’Squire oarpoted wooden floor. Through the Boone and family left for North Carolina doorway an antechamber can be seen,with ■' in 1750. a window opening upon a pleasant country Some of our first county officers were view.” Quakers, and they aTe prominent in the A painting by Sir Joshua Reynolds, 17C4, industrial history of Berks. The Baileys, shows the 4 children of Thomas and Lady of Pine Iron Works, for instance, have for j Juliana Penn, then living. Juliana, a girl more than a century furnished large num¬ 1 of 11; Louisa Hannah, 8; John, 4, and bers of men with employment. The head Granville, 3. of this family is to-day one of the few Richard Penn, son of William Penn, the persons who regularly visit Exeter meet- founder, was the only one of the three ■ ing house. young proprietors,inheritors of the Penn’a TiTe meeting houses are in Exeter,' property, who did not come to this coun¬ Maidencreek, Robeson and Reading, out¬ try, and therefore whatever interest he side of which districts they never had any took in Reading was direct from the other places of worship in this section. The side of the ocean. few surviving members are nearly all j He lived at different times in London people above 60 years of age. Many of and in the country, and, of course, great- i the younger generation have gone to ly benefited from his American posses- i Phila., Reading and Pottstown, where j sions. He left a large correspondence, more than half of them are now success- much of which relates to Penn'a. He was born in 1705 and died in 1771. His widow The first Friend© that set- m ■Phlla. prior to 1723, following the course lof the Schuylkill until the Manatawny and IMouocacy valleys were reaohed. Here they turned away from the main body of the stream and made thmr homes on the fertile land along the 'tTtttutarles,. grad tally extending their clearings until 1they reached almost to the present Milage ot Friedensburg, Oley township. . The structure now known as Exeter meeting house stands close to the spot|

where the100 firstmat log church..- stood.— . Hie» , firstrst mention on record^ of this place o orship is in a petition presented to court nt Phila in 1727 for a road from the the old meeting house in MAIDEN- j Lutheran meeting house at Tulpehocken Week to the high road at the Quaker fully’"enfSiP^f in misrcreSsTfir'tne prates- . meeting house near the mill to George eiong. Others, however, remained on the Ce,tsoone, inm Oley.”oirj. That— time the presentniov fertile farms of their fathers, and as til- i township of Exeter was a part of Uiej 1 lers of the soil are more than ordinarily I and the Quaker meeting house above me - successful. They are, as a class, Intelli- tioned stood at the most convenient xca¬ gent, well read and prosperous. Mheie tion for the members living in Manatawny direct descendants of Quakers live neai a , and Monocacy valleys. In 1*4-, when ^ meeting house of that denomination, the Exeter was set apart from Oley the name ^ buildings are kept in repair, although j of the house of worship was changed o | they mav not be opened once a year. Ail Exeter meeting house. i of the old .burial grounds are looked after, ( The first meeting house erected in Oley , even where there are no children of the was in 173o, found too small and the fol Friends near. This attention is given to lowing year replaced by a larger struc- i the old properties largely out of pure re- r ture. The acre of land on which this spect for the ancient faith. Many ot the > house was built was part of a 2i7-acre sons and daughters of the Friends mar¬ itract which was patented by Thomas , ried outside the church, and these and Penn to George Boone in 1734 and was tlieir children are now of the most .liberal ,deeded by the later and his wile Deborah citizens, belonging to no particular creed, to Anthony Lee, John Webb, and 'Squire but adhering strictly to the moral laws Boone for'a consideration of 20 shillings and ranking far above the average in so¬ Dec ’4 1736. The same day they in turn ciability, enterpr&e and general usetui- conveyed the land to Ellis Hugh Thomas Ellis and James Boone in tiust for a ^Here and there, however, one conies house and place of reli‘siou8 vrOTship for across a family that live as strictly with n meeting for the people called Quakers the Quaker faith as their ancestors seveial within said township of Oley.” j generations ago, even continuing the use Since the second meeting house was j of the pronouns thou and thee. Refusing erected here several others have in turn to marry any one not a member of their . been built near tbe same spot. A large burial ground was added shortly alter church, their matrimonial range was lim¬ 1736 which is still in excellent condition. , ited and as a consequence, aged maiden A great many people have been buried ladies and unmarried brothers now live here the place being filled once and is together and lead a quiet, peaceable lne. almost half covered with graves the sec¬ A few middle-aged and even younger men ond time. There are no tombstones all and women still attend the meetings but the records of death being kept m the have considerably modified their moae of church as well as those of births and living and would marry outside the marriages. Exeter meeting house is a >- church if they felt justified in deserting one or more aged single brothers or sis¬ ri ters a few of those nowadays attending the meetings have discarded the regula- tion garb, but occasionally one sees the , kme sombre garments as those worn by the members in the early colonial day.. Quakerism in the old form may last but ; house and the cupola and bell tha^ a few more years in this county, but the mount some school ponses At Exeter * stamp of its influence in the formation the Lincolns, Hanks, Lundys and Hughes and advancement of Berks will never be jt were at one time among the leaning effaced. spirits of the meetings. _ Maidencreek township was taken up by tbe Friends in 1732. It is supposed that Moses Starr and wife were the first Friends to settle here. Some of the other Friends who took up land were: Francis Parvin, Samuel Lightfoot, Joseph Why- ley (Wily), Robert Penrose, Mordecai Lee and Nathaniel Houlton. In 1752, when : Berks was erected, nearly the whole of Maidencreek was owned by the Friends, and at that time the township included what is now known as Ontelauneo. There were then some 70 Quaker families in Maidencreek. In September, 1737, the first meeting house was erected here in the midst of an oak and walnut forest. The (orthodox meetinghouse. MAID- :g Rachel D. Griscom has most interesting of the on account of her wide know! early history of the denomir city. The meeting house in Robeson has been out of use longer than any of the others. Twenty acres formerly belonged to the, property, but in 1870 all the land, outside ’ the graveyard, was sold to Jacob Kurtz. ' Some of the early members of this meet-f ing house were Gaius Dickinson, Johnj Scarlet, Peter Thomas, John Hugh, Wil¬ liam Hugh, William Morris and IsaacJ Bonsai. ^ x, v X, v w «r * - - x- .

the or.n school house op MAIDEN- CREEK FRIENDS. GRAVEYARD IN FORE¬ . GROUND. present stone structure stanasron the oflg- iual site. Previous to- 1737 services were held in the open air and in private houses. In 1784 the Friends of Maiden creek erect¬ ed a log school house, close to the church. Thomas Pearson was the first teacher. Date, f Sle had 15 pupils in winter and 8 in sum¬ mer the first year. In 1807 a stone school mm house was erected on the spot where the log structure stood. This school was con¬ sidered one, of the best for many miles. Special attention was paid to mathematical VALUE OF FARM STOCK studies, a number of surveyors being turn¬ ed out heri every year. Among those 126 YEARS AG who taught.|here were: Mordecai Wright, John 6. Leyis, Joseph Jacobs, Jesse #11- Inventory of ilie Personal Property lits, Joseph|M. Meredith and Jesse Light- of James Wells—Paid for loot. the stone school house still stands, Kstate at That Time. but bas noil, been used in the interests of Joanna: In 1772, While events and diplo¬ education since 1870. It is now used as a macy were hastening on the war of Revo¬ private house, being occupied by John lution, there died in Robeson township a Yeager. In the old Maidencreelc meeting person named James Wells. His dust now house no services have been held for some rests in the neglected Boice graveyard, in - years. Thj adjoining graveyard is well the midst of a cultivated field. filled with graves, and, contrary to. the But while oblivion has closed the epoch usual custom, contains a few plain marble and events of his life by his death, a head stonps. record was preserved that was handed to In 1827, when Elias Hicks, a Friend of the Eagle representative. It was found remarkable powers, created a schism in «among the records in the possession of J. the society, the split was extended to H. Wells, justice of the peace of Caer¬ Maidencreek. The one branch was now narvon. called Hiqksite and the other Orthodox. It was an early English law that re¬ The latter! for a time worshipped in a log quired a true and perfect inventory of the house on the Reber farm in Maidencreek. goods, chattels and rights to be made after In 1853 Thomas Wiliits donated a tract of the decease of an individual. THe parch¬ land and an Orthodox house of worship ment exists as it came from the hands of was erected. Among those who compos¬ the appraiser. It i® nearly the size of a ed the meeting that time were Jacob Par- modern foolscap sheet, very much stained vin, Thomas Wiliits, John Pearson,1 Re¬ by the mutilations of 126 years, and is a becca Lee and William Smith. The resi¬ sample of the parchment included,, in the dence of Thomas Wiliits is right along¬ famous “Stamp Act" passed in George's side the Orthodox meeting house, both be¬ reign for taxing the colonies, and one of ing located along the same road that goes the causes of the Revolutionary war. past the old meeting house. The latter It waa written by a quill pen. The stands half a mile nearer to Blandon than writing is distinct and was done with a the new. Captain Wiliits, of the Read¬ black fluid that has remained unfaded for ing Artillerists, is a son of Thomas Wil- a century and a quarter, to be read by this lite, who is now far advanced in years. generation. In Reading the first meeting house was At the head of the paper it is declared built in 1751. The present structure, to he “a true and perfect inventory.” The which is in excellent repair, has been put spelling is in the antique style, and the up more recently. Some of trie old Quaker sums are expressed in the English method families of Reading were the Jones, Hut¬ of pounds, shillings and pence. The old tons, Imbrees, Pauls, Jennings, Wicker- paper is valuable because it gives a shams, Georges, Embrees, Penroses, Par- ' glimpse of the. value of goods and chattels I kers, Jacksons, Williams, Shifts, Wilys of that era. In many of the items can and Chandlers. In 1776, while the Hes- be. traced a value corresponding with i sians were prisoners in Reading, the prices paid at the public sales in the | Friends church of this place was used as county last spring. The paper brings 1 a hospital for soldiere. Of recent years f before usr the value of household furni¬ ture, of sundries and farm Implements. m

_ . ■- The items are: Horsai amfsacldre "and bri- ie face of the doenmeST are pieces dle ami wearing apparel, L>£; 2 beds, one of tope on which is stamped In red wax m leather and the other chaif, and furni¬ impression of an English sovereign wl ture, 10£; clock and case, 9£; chest and 1 n* a cro wn' On the reverse to tife seal o corner cupboard, 1£ 10s; table and sun- ary old chairs, 7a Sd; shoemaker tools, KcaaRead’'wa was8a thethde recorder“'**$** atPenn Reading.' ^mes • I 7 -’ "• ^“^'hforkis and sundry other lumber, El , .b^J. maul and wedge .and sundry other I old imugs, 12s; hand saw, auger aud sun- dry o!d tilings, 7s; a fowling piece, 1£; ? old pots and brass kettle, 1£; hand /^S „ I ln°ns’ tongs and shovel and sundries, 1£ t°3; sundry pewter, 18s; sundry old lum- From, a-C | her, 113; 3 cld wheels, 8s; 1 old bags, | 10s; plough and harrow and sundries, 1£ loo; cutting knife and steel sundries, 13s; cow and calf, 4£; a year old calf, 15s; 5 . sheep, 2J; a hive of bees, 5s; sow and 2 i Pigs. Us; scythe and pair hoples, 4s; | leather and sundry other things, 15s; 5 Date, ! j*cres winter grain, at 15s per acre, 3£ 15s; 3 bonds that amounted to 70£. e, the subscribers hereof, appraised the above goods and chattels and find them to amount to 128£ os. As witness our hands this 21st, 3 month 1 772 John Scarlet, David Jackson. 100,000 INDIAN HERE. I A copy of this original inventory is ex¬ RELICS hibited in the register's office at Read¬ ing, ^bearing seal of office and dated Sept. PROF. BRUNNER’S PAPER PREPARED 1, 17S4, Henry Christ, register. FOR THE HISTORICAL SOCIETY. 1 John Scarlet was one of the primitive settlers and was assessed a taxable of I Robeson township in 1756. Important Movements of tile Aborigines In the collection is a parchment deed in Berks aiul Adjoining Counties. Doll of June 13, 1766, made by David Essay of Historical Value—The Jones, of the Province of Pennsylvania, | Inholder and Elizabeth, his wife, to Jas. Delaware Indians. .*.■ Wells, of Robeson township, yeoman. The original d,eed poll was made Jan. ", 1764, by Charles Norris, Mahlon Kirk- A resolution was passed at the last bride, Francis Yarnall and James Wright, meeting of the Berks County Historical who were the surviving members of the Society requesting me to prepare a hoard of trustees of the general loan office of the Province of Pennsylvania. paper on the early history of the In¬ The tract embraced 115 acres in Robe¬ dians of Berks county, and in com¬ son township, for which 300 pounds was pliance with that resolution I prepared the consideration paid by James Wells, the following historical sketch. Here¬ a yearly quit rent was exacted to be paid to the Chief Lord or Lords of the Fee. tofore I confine d my writings exclu¬ It was signed in the presence of Benj. sively to the Indians of Berks county, | Talbot, and Daniel Jones, and the officer but in this paper I propose to branch ! who transacted the legal business was Jacob Morgan, who afterward became a out farther and give a history of the. colonel in the Revolutionary war and Delaware Indians, and since their his¬ the founder of Morgantown. He was then tory cannot be given without frequent a justice of the peace. allusions to other tribes that stood in The deed was recorded at Reading in close relation with them, I will give as 1772. detailed an account of all the tribes in The grantee of the indenture—David Pennsylvania as it was possible for me Jones and the witnesses, Daniel Jones and to gather from the meager records that Benjamin Talbot, were among the primi¬ were kept during the time in which the , tive settlers of Caernarvon at the time white people and the Indian had deal- of the organization of Berks county, in ings with each other. 1752. The Delaware Indians like all other Another indenture on parchment in the Indians at that time knew nothing collection was made in 3773, between about the art of writing and had no Dorothy Weils and Abraham Wells, of artificial means of keeping accounts, Robeson township, executors of the will but depended altogether upon tradition ; of James Wells, probably the same per- for the earlier part of their history and | son mentioned in the foregoing inventory, committed the conditions of their con¬ t Owen Hughes was the purchaser of the tracts and sales of lands to their mem¬ tract of land of 150 acres. Two hundred ories, and sealed the act by giving and ten pounds was paid. The deed was strings o r fathoms of wampum and made, according to the deed poll dated smoked the calumet, which made a 17G4 by the surviving trustees of the Gen¬ | lasting impression upon their minds eral Loan Office of the Province of Penn’a and it was to them what the seal is to to David Jones. j us. In 1766 David Jones confirmed the sale CONTRACTS AND TREATIES. j to James Wells. Dorothy was his wife So well did they remember their con- and Abraham his son. The usual quit tracts and treaties that there is not a rent was exacted to be paid to the chief cingle conflict on record that originated lord or lords of the fee. The deed was | from a violation of any of them or. acknowledged before Jacob Morgan m I their part through forgetfulness. They 1773. or Wolt. The three tribes spoke the must have had interesting and valu¬ same language, but different dialects. able traditions, but in all their inter- The dialects of the. Turtle and Turkey ourse with the white people they who lived in the eastern part of Penn¬ ever revealed any of them, and in sylvania and New Jersey were nearly heir speeches in conferences and in the same, but that of the Wolf, who ouncil they never referred to anything lived on the Delaware river in the t took place prior to the treaties northeastern part of Pennsylvania, y had made with the white people differed so much from the others that ecept in two ov three cases, and these they could scarcely be understood by intensify the historian’s desire to the other tribes. The Turtle was the search for more definite knowledge most powerful tribe, took the lead in bearing upon their unwritten history, all treaties and diplomatic transactions, but he searches in vain. Loskiel says and is the only tribe that had an un¬ that they often talked of the bravery broken lipe of kings from the time of •and heroism of their living warriors the arrival of Penn until they moved but never of the dead. West and were lost as a race. The I often wish that the curtain that other tribes had their chiefs who were separates the unwritten from the writ¬ subordinate to the king of the Unamis, ten history of Pennsylvania, could be but they signed treaties and sales of raised that some of the important and land In their usual way. thrilling events that took place before The chief of the Unamis was called the white man set foot upon this soil, king and the heads of the other tribes could be rescued from oblivion and were called chiefs. The Unamis had handed to future generations. But the their council fire at Perkasie, in Bucks past is gone and we must content our¬ county. The Minsi at Minisink and the selves with gathering a few fragments Unalatchgoes undoubtedly somewhere here and there, place them in chrono¬ along the Schuylkill, probably where logical order; and this after all will Reading is now located. give us a fair knowledge of the dwell¬ ing-places customes, habits and war- TAMANENT. like spirit of the Indians. Tamanent was the king of the Dela¬ I obtained my information from the wares from 1683 until 1697, at least this Colonial Record, Pennsy vania Ar¬ is the last date at which his name ap¬ chives and the history of the Missions pears in the records. How long pre¬ of the Moravians among the Indians vious to 1683 he was king cannot be published by George Henry Loskiel. determined.' Penn went to visit the I examined these records with great king in 1683 at Perkasie in Bucks care, and read most of the treaties and county, where he had a place of abode. speeches on both sides, and more par¬ He signed the first deed that transfer¬ ticularly those of the kings and chiefs, red land to Penn, which occurred on to form some idea of the character, April 23, 1683. Prom 1683 to 1700 was disposition and diplomatic ability of the a period of the profoundest peace and 'great men among- the Indians. Many concord, at least nothing occured that of the proceedings and the treaties and required the attention of the Lieut. conferences were mere repetition of Governor. J - previous meetings, and I have selected During these 17 years there was but 1 such incidents and transactions as will a singe conference held in Philadel¬ most clearly and briefly represent the 1 phia, (1794) and this was voluntary on relation between the white people and the part of the Indians. This was the the Indians, and the gradual retreat first and only opportunity Tamanent of the Indians and the advance of the had to make a speech. He said: “We white people. and the Christians of this river, have THE DELAWARES. always had a free road-way to one an¬ other, and though sometimes a tree fell When Wm.Penn began the settlement across the road, yet we still removed it of Pennsylvania in 1683, it was in¬ again and kept the path clean and we habited in the east by a large and pow¬ , design to continue the old friendship erful tribe of Indians called the Dela¬ that has been between us and you.” wares by the English and Lenni Lenape ■ u And then he gave a belt of wampum. by themselves. It is impossible to state He wras a great king; he said much in whether the Delaware Indians were the a few words, and during his whole life original owners of the soil or not. Some he practiced the principles which he i students of archaeology maintain that professed. another race preceded the Delawares, and attempt to prove their theory by THE CONESTOGA INDIANS. l pointing to implements of different Before proceeding further with the ~ forms which were apparently intended Delawares it will be necessary to give to be used for the same purpose. There a brief history of the Conestoga In¬ were Indians of different tastes, no¬ dians who lived in the Pequea and Con¬ tions and skill, and there is not as great estoga valleys in Lancaster county, ex¬ a difference in the shapes of their tended through the lower part of Berks knives and arrow-points as there is county and probably some miles into in the shapes of our knives and guns. Chester county. These Indians were The Indians called themselves the occupying this territory at the time of Lenni Lenape, which means original Penn’s arrival and were entirely in¬ people, and if their traditions are worth dependent of the Delawares. Their or¬ anything, this should settle all dispute igin like that of the Delawares is and establish the fact that they were shrouded in almost as profound a mys¬ the first settlers in the eastern part of tery. William Keith Bar, Governor of Pennsylvania. Pennsylvania, said at a meeting oi The IJelawares were divided into council in Philadelphia, “that some three subtribes: The Unarms or Turtle, measures be\taken to prevent the five Unalatchgoes or Turkey and the Minsi | nations from taking- their warlike their good behavior, to see that^*.. [knurs*-- through Pennsylvania to the lived up to the agreement which they i southward; it was more necessary be¬ signed when permission was given to cause tin: (pnestoga Indians were for¬ them to settle west of the Susquehanna. merly a par.t of the five nations called Their chief. Opessa, was a man of a( Mingoes and speak the same language roving character and absconded in to this day; that they actually pay tri¬ 1711. ’Several of Uie Conestoga Indians bute to the Five Nations and either reported at the council at Philadelphia from natural affection or fear, are un¬ that the chief of the Shawanese had ab¬ der their influence,” sented himself for a few years, and that At a treajy held at Philadelphia, after a number of entreaties to wring July 12, 17421 ten tribes were represent¬ him back he refused to return, the Con-, ed and the Conestoga Indians were re¬ estogas reported that the Shawanese* presented by four chiefs “that spoke appointed (’acundawanna and desired! the Anayinf language.” The Anayints to have the approval of the coqned. were a sub-tribe of the Five Nations Opessa had gone to the Delawares and , and Shekallamy, Conrad Weiser’s In¬ a few years’ later he attended a meet¬ dian companion was one of the chiefs ing of the-council in company with tiie of'the Anayints at this treaty. These chiefs of the Delawares, data prove almost to a certaintv that THE GANAWESB. 5 '• the Conestogas were originally a part oftheFive Nations. The Ganawese or Piseataway Indians As far as my observations extend the moved from some unknown locality Conestoga Indians were the only tribe and settled on the Potomac about 1700. that believed in female suffrage and and the first record that we have- of practiced it. At a council held in Phil¬ them is when, their chief, Whivvhinjac, adelphia, Sept. 21, 1710. they were re¬ made a friendly visit to the council at presented by the Queen of the Cones¬ Philadelphia, February 22, 1701. The toga Indians, Ojunco and two chiefs Ganawese were greatly reduced by sick¬ more,” and at a council held at Cones¬ ness and desired to setttle on the Tul- toga in 1710 they were represented by pehocken. In 1705 they sent a belt of j "Canatawa Queen of the Mingoes and wampum to secure the friendship of Captain Civility.” the English and their consent to settle There appears not to have been any \ near them on the Tulpehocken. Man- relation, trade or intercourse between angy, the ehier of the Schuylkill Im the Conestoga and Delaware Indians. ciians. waited upon the Governor to ob¬ They were entirely independent of all tain his consent and stated that the , other tribes in Pennsylvania and must Conestogas would become a "guarantee j have been a tribe of great influence of a treaty and friendship between | and standing, because a number of im¬ them.” The Governor gave them a ■ portant and largely-attended confer¬ kind invitation by the said Manangy to j) ences were held at Conestoga and they ; come and settle as near as they would ' became the guarantee of two other think fit. provided that they would take J tribes that were afterwards admitted care and live peacefully, and that the'j* into Pennsylvania. said Manangy and the Indians of that I There is ho intercourse between the place with him,would appear and prom- !| English and the Conestogas’ record un¬ ise that they would behave themselves *, til September 1", 1700, when they sold well and dutifully to this Government, i their land co William Penn. Widaagh The Ganawese were a small and or- -i was their chief and they were called derly tribe and made visits to the coun- j I Susquehanna Indians in the deed, but ,cil at Philadelphia. They maintained i " aftrewards they were always called the most friendly relations with the i. Conestoga Indians. other tribes,.and their young men ipade I" THE SHAWANESE. but a single disturbance, The Shawanese originally lived in SCALEITCHY. 3 Florida, and were constantly at war In the meantime a change took place with the neighboring tribes. They were at the head of the Delawares. Taipan- greatly reduced by the Mosc-hko In¬ I ent’s last appearance was in 1697 and dians, and by them they were driven he must have died sometime thereafter. north whep they settled upon the Po¬ Scallitchy (Skallitchy) was his sue-ces- t tomac*. In 1701 they asked to be per¬ sor and always had associated with him » mitted to settle in Pennsylva¬ Sassoonan who followed him as King nia. Aa agreement was made of the Delawares. Sassoonan’s name by Penn on the one part was always written first, and it would and the Conestoga and Wopatlia appear from this fact that Sassoonan alias Opesa, king of the Shawanese, on was the superior, but Scallitchy ad¬ the other, and to the mwas assigned a dressed ‘the council and performed the tract of land ‘‘on the further sif’e of functions of the chief executive of the the Susquehanna” on condition thatl tribe, and Sassoonan in a speech after they would be subject to the laws of j the death of Scallitchy said “that their England, live peacefully with the other j late king Scallitchy desired of them tribes in the province and live up to j that thev should take care to keep a the agreement which they had signed. perfect peace with the English and The Conestogas became a "guarantee that they should be joined as one.” and surety for their good behavior. Scallitchy was a quiet, unobtrusive The Shawanese were an unruly and ar¬ king and performed the duties of his rogant tribe, the first to create any sus¬ office with acceptability to the English picion of the treachery of the Indians and Indians. During his incumbency of and were guilty of several breaches of 14 years, peace reigned and only three j the treaty which they had faithfully conferences were heid, and at one heid ! promised to obey, and the Governor at White Marsh at the house of Ed- I was obliged to call the attention of the ward Farmer, May 19, 1712, he made a Conestogas, who were a guarantee for speech full of Indian patriotism, and in I '.V , it hp declared that many years ago of Manangy, their chief, and there is being made tributary to the Mingoes or no doubt but that a chief of lower rank Five Nations, and being now about presided over the Indians at Sacony to visit them, they thought fit to wait and Moselem and another over those on the governor and council to lay be¬ who lived in Maxatawny. fore them the collection they had of The Conestoga Indians occupied the . their tribute /to offer and to have a oon- land in the Pequea and Conestoga val¬ fcrence with the governor upon it. leys, extended some distance along the V hen he and two of his constant com¬ eastern side of the Susquehanpa and panions, Sassoonan and Ealocholen, were superintended by the "Queen of had presented their gifts and they the Conestoga Indians, Ojunco and two were accepted, he “filled their calumet chiefs more," or long-wmged pipe with tobacco and The Shawanese occupied the territory lighted it, they presented it so lighted lying on the west side of the Susque¬ to the governor and each of the council hanna and may have extended beyond to smoke a few blasts of it as a token the Carlisle and had their tribal af¬ , the- greatest friendship that could fairs attended to by their recently , be shown.” chosen chief, Cacundawanna, who was | Scallitchv was the only king' that aided by a number of other chiefs. aI>'I(^ed to the previous condition The Ganawese who were admitted in¬ of the Delawares, but he does not say to the Province in 1705 were located on , whether they were made tributary to the Tulpehocken and extended from tin- Five Nations by treaty or conquest, j Heideiberg to a considerable distance , 1 l-’.to this time—3Q years after Penn’s i into Lebanon county. Their chiefs at arrival—the Delawares were remark- 1 this time were Peter and Pipsltoe. anly quiet and peaceful and not a rip¬ , The rest of the State was in possession ple of dissatisfaction c-ouid be found of the Five Nations, who had settled in I anywhere, and he who studies the life the northern part of New York. There i actions and intercourse among the In- were some smaller tribes in Pennsyl¬ dians in the eastern part of Pennsyl¬ vania, but no mention had been made vania is almost constrained to suspect of them up to this time and they "were that there is some inexplicable reason probably subdivisions of the larger foi the remarkable composure and tribes. friendliness among the Delawares to¬ Emigrants were cpming info the coun¬ ward the English. try and settling some of the land which Loskiel says that the wars between Penn had purchased of the Indians. Itthe! Delawares and Iroquois reduced Settlements had been made as far the tribes rapidly and that the Iro- north as Amity and Oley, and one at 3I Uqi'.ois .proposed to a cessation of the Pequea in Lancaster. The irrepressi¬ i wars by selecting a tribe and call it a ble spirit of civilization and advance¬ J woman and that this tribe should not ment gradually extended itself toward engage in war but should be a peaee- the north and the Indians gradually , maker and have the power of settling receded before the approach- of the j wars between other tribes. The Iro- white people, and yet there vtas no j !|,101f3 made a great feast to which they conflict or sign of discontent except the nivited the Delawares and, after mak¬ ; murder of a Palatine at Pequea. ing a number of flattering speeches, ! Up to this time only a few confer¬ they selected the Delawares as the wo- ences were held at Philadelphia at JPai1- . The Delawares were proud of which the different tribes were repre¬ tms distinction, gave and took belts of sented and gave the most cqrdial ex¬ wampum and smoked the calumet. pressions of friendship and satisfaction I hese belts were carefully kept and the j for the kind treatment they received Delawares did not discover the strata¬ [ from the English, - gem of the Iroquois by which they I SASSOONAN ALIAS ALLUMAPES. were deprived of teir belligerent right _ 0and made tributary to the Five Na- Seallitc-hy who had been king of the h‘ons, until they had yielded up their Delaware about 14 years, died, and 1 Sassoonan or Alluntapes, who had been j f^dependence as a tribe by their most i. binding' method of sealing a contract. I a chief and Seallitehy’s companion for - |; what other right did the Five Na¬ a. number of years, became king m 1713. tions claim the land north of the He was a genius and wise administra¬ I houth Mountains which was settled tor of the affairs of the Indians, and . j and occupied by the Lenape ? “’assumed the duties of his office with -■■•a" a fail comprehension of the relation j 1712. and treaties existing between the Eng¬ 1 - lel lls for a few moments over- lish ’and them'. In his first speech he v look the beautiful cities and towns, roved that he wqs a fair-minded dip¬ I finely cultivated fields and splendid ping t. remembered tile chief Heins of mansions, the churches school-houses eaties and gave the most positive as-' : I’bn factories found over the whole surance that the friendship that ex¬ : Mate of Pennsylvania and look at the isted up to that time should be con- condition of the province in 1712 i tinued, and that if any clouds arise be- r„^'he, Df’a'vares or T-enni Lenape oc¬ | tween them and the English they cupied ail the land along the Delaware , should be immediately removed. : H^ei to the northern boundary of Penn- MANANGY. ! ^lva!?,a and all the land south of the ;# Blue Mountains from the Delaware as Manangy, the king of the Schuylkill wu ivest as the Susquehanna, and Indians, died and was succeeded by Lingahonoa. Manangy made his first S„ei'ie!,!]cler th? ruie ancl supervision of i Scallitcliy, their king, who was aided bv appearance at a meeting of the council nis close friends and counsellors, Sas¬ in Philadelphia July 26, 1701, at the invi¬ tation of the governor to devise some ic?,^ I1 a?. and Ealocholen. The Schuvl- plans and means to prevent the traffic •killTndians were under the vigilant eye in rum and diminish drunkenness | 1 made upon tile people of Hanover Colebrookdale, and another upon people living on the Manatawnj roving bands of Indians not eonn< with the tribes living in Pennsyl and an Indian by the name of the T^SffickS! f°r Ulem t<( sett'e on colie was killed at Cacoosing. The movement of the Indians to, pi rchask of land, the West made Philadelphia an in [j In ins Penn purchased of the n<,i, venient place of meeting and a n her of largely attended conferences were held at Conestoga. important changes were taking place. I be Delawares bad sold all their land and thesettlrs were beginning to en¬ hart left the IM<1 which S^StSSt croach upon the land claimed by the ix' Nations. In 1728 Shekallamy was sent by the Six Nations to presi ino.seHSirE!" in Beths were moving-ar» toward oyer the Shawanese and had his cou ^ ^ tisciuehanna and Shamokin oil fire on the Susquehanna north Palatines began to c-ome into this Uewishing, in addition to presid over the Shawanese, he was chief the Kifci a0n?hof‘Ciedtt0 OCCUpy and till eneral and represented the Six Na¬ of a latv nf „htght!1 was in fulfilment tions in council, conference and treaty. ieve tin/ b?cause 1 do not be- at the creator ever intended In 1729 Conrad Weiser came from New that the_ immense bodies of mineral ^oi’k and settled in Heidelberg, and wealth ot Pennsylvania should forever 1 since he was well acquainted with the lemain in the bowels of the earth and Indian languages he was employed by that the fertile sod that wot,lei produce the Governor as interpreter and mod gram to feed millions of civil zed peo! erator between the two races. Pie, should lie fallow simply for the The Indians, with the exception of a mamtenance of a few tribes of barbar! i lew families, left Berks county, and mi,&, who, though humane for two : through the invitaion of Win. Keith [generations, fulfilled the grand mission i Bar, Governor, thirty-three families of and destiny of man in only a fe r ' Palatines settled upon the Tulpehocken ticulars. While the Palatines were ad- before the Indians were fully paid for vaneing and populating the country the land. In 1736 Penn purchased the land between the South Mountains and wasranti ,>ea“,""v the Blue Montains and between the Delaware and Susquehanna river, of j's./rs" »rhi”a,s1 the Six Nations. In 1731 Opekasset and Shakatawlin, westnest S to 01the y Susquehannaov- control the whole tribe, which was not \j-nor wrote again and demanded tn as compact as it used to be, but was Virrender of three Ganawese. scattered over much larger territory. 1 Ullaloes did not visit Philadelphia for Be began his official career by the lAvo years. The Governor then accused warmest professions of friendship arid him of deception and demanded that his manly course and conduct at the (he three young men be given up. me outset, established at the head of the chief replied that the three men were Government, confidence in his integrity, killed in1 a war in Virginia, and that one which he was never accused of betray¬ of their companions was present ing, at least openly. them fall, after which he made his TWIGHTWEES. escape Ullaloes’ explanation was ac Through the intercession of Scarroy- W rented' as true and no reference was ! a.dv, an Oneida chief, the Twightwees, made to the murder afterwords. i who lived on the Miami river, were ad¬ 1740. mitted into the province and settled on In 1740 the Delawares extended from the Ohio. Minisink, on the Delaware rivei noith SHEKALLAMY. of the Blue Mountains, to Shamokin In 1749 Shekallamy died at Shamokin, and Minisink on the Susquehanna, and and his son John took his place, but probably beyond those Sca.rrooya.dy seems to have performed were still under charge of Sassoonan, the gravest duties of the office. alias Allumapes, and his lieutenan PURCHASE. t loonhonoa who was foimeriy In 1749 a large tract of land lying a,S|chuylki’ll Chief.. The Conestogas north of the Blue Mountains and be¬ were still in possession o£ ^ones tween the Delaware and Susquehanna, to°a valley and the name of the Cana was purchased of the Six Nations for wese is not to be found in the records. Thev were not numerous at the time 500L. 1750, and were undoubtedly united with the Conoys and Nantic-pkes, who occupied Very few changes were made in the i he territory between Conestoga and Indian settlements from 1740 to 1740. Paxtan! now Harrisburg, and the The Conestogas still remained in tlieir phiaMavU2n°^thCe and contains material for a moved to the Ohio river,the Shawanese, the Hurons of Sandusky and the Five a revvFe^oTThJ oi the 'fleadngUtf Can- events advert to7?nr only 7n Nations inhabiting the plains of the ye3_rs the whte people and Indians were Sciota, the banks of the Ohio and Presque Isle. I te^fd wfthmTthey bTght' sold and bar- tered without ever bringing c-hare-es of Teedyuscung, who lived at Diahogo, fraud or deception, (until they were de- north of Wyoming, during the war.kept eeiyed by the French,) except aglinsc up his friendly relations with the gov¬ 'dishonest traders who went among ernment at Philadelphia, and there is with? ia V10latl0n °f law, stupefied them no evidence that the Turtle engaged in witt liquor and then robbed them of I the war. He died in 1763 and Kelipama I thfjn i s^Jns- .The Delawares sold all was chosen to fill his place. their lands and always expressed them At the close of the war the Conoyg selves as satisfied with the amount of j and Nanticokes were one nation and =oods they received for it and at the had their setlement “at Chenango on conferences m Philadelphia they often the Upper Waters of the Susque¬ vt tt t£e substance of their treaties, hanna.” This was probably Venango- Save the Governor assui-ances of their mon, the Allegheny river. The Dela¬ determination to strengthen rather wares were west except the Turtle. Ke¬ than weaken the bonds of friendship lipama was King of the Turtle; King between them. y Beaver, of the Turtle, and Cataloga, of But some of those tribes that had the Wolf. The intercourse between the been iriendly for two generations, in Provincial Government and the Indians the course of a few years became hos¬ ceased and they hastened their course tile, and were just as violent and bar¬ westward until they had gone beyond barous in their acts of plundering and our boundaries. murdering as they appeared to be sin¬ DENSE INDIAN POPULATION IN cere and loyal in their friendship to BERKS. wards the white people. There was always a jealousy existing „ The Indians never reported a popula¬ between the French of Canada and the tion either of their population or their English. and for years the French en- warriors and their number is a mere matter of conjecture, and is based upon, dIff,'{?red excite the Indians against the English, but as long as the Indians the number of relics that are still found. I doubt whether there is a county in the ti,Rt Tr.m East in close proximity to the English they had no influence over State in which the population was denser than in Berks. the Indians,but when they moved to the 1 West they were closer to the French i 100,000 RELICS IN BERKS. than the English and the French bv To the collections of relics already de¬ giving liberal presents to the Indians scribed and published, amounting to and inducing them to believe that they 80,000 specimens in the hands of the were defrauded of their land, they suc¬ collectors, I desire to add those of ceeded in enlisting a few tribes in their Boyertown and vicinity. The Indian cause, and the dispute between the population around Boyertown must French and English culminated in 1755 have been numerous, snee a great va¬ in the French and Indian war. riety of the finest relics are found there To point out the various steps that and traces of their workshops are still led to the French and Indian war,the visible. William H. Fox. Esq., has a movements of the contending armies, collection of 1551, and among these are tlie attacks made by the Indians on our found many unique, rare and choice frontier settlements, the frequent con¬ specimens. Mr. Jesse F. Bechtel has a ferences held with the friendly Indians, valuable collection of 1450 specimens and the doleful events at the close of of rare beauty and workmanship. Dr the war, would fill many pages and J. S. Borneman has a splendid collec¬ must be passed over now. tion from the vicinity of Boyertown " BRADDOCK’S DEFEAT. numbeirng 10,165 specimens. Dr. Bor¬ When hostilities began General Brad- neman has devoted much time and at¬ dock was brought from England to tention to the arrangement of his col¬ Amerc-a to command the English army. lection of very fine relics, and he un¬ Braddoclc was totally ignorant of the doubtedly quakes the most attractive Indian method of warfare and George display in the county. Mr. Ritter and Washington volunteered to give him Dr. D. L. Bower, of Boyertown, and - Mr. Peter Moyer, of New Berlinville 140 JR:*;7**! SRL „ | b l [| church, of Dryville, popal nave collections amounting to about j Mertu church, was an e.ei •1,500, including many rare and valuable ; every member of that eoh£ specimens. There are at least 100.000 well be proud. The centenni jjelies in the hands of the collectors of ! honor• Otof tnethe erectionereL-Liuzx of tee pr n**ppr flee, wmenwhich waswao preceded- by-• t»a o, Berks county at present, and at least structures, the congregation hcma 20.000 have gone out of the county by ganized 151 y(?a.rs ago. i purchase or removal of collectors, mak¬ This ancient structure was probabl ing thus far 120,000 relics, and they are never surrounded by as large a _cr°.\d a still abundant in some of the fields that'in attendance on this occasion Th vhere the Indians had their, villages. capacity of the edifice is cons,derab,y This will give you some idea of the In- over 500. It was packed w.th people* ian population of Berks county. I the church yard several hummed v.ere I seated on benches and there was a < assemblage standing all around Shoi - after the neon hour, large and weU-flUed coaches arrived from Kutztown and other surrounding places, ben,, lj?®3 ° ? in From, pages stretched away from the chu.ch m all directions. Many of the old friends of Hertz church who formerly lived in Rockland, arrived 1 the day before the centennial or eaily Sunday morning, stopping with the fami¬ lies nearby. Among those who entertain- Date,, o. 4x /J-/J?:L ed numerous visitors are: Mrs. Judith | , Boyer, Daniel Readinger. F. H. Bnntzeg- hoff R. H. Angstadt,. Charles R. He .nu. raifSM. CELEBRATED

The Congregation Wasjj Organised 151 Years Ago~-R.ev.Ur. Sohants s Historical Biscanrse—A Great Gathering from Berks and MeigA- korins Conntieo—Skatches of Faster and Officiating Ministers.

Dryville: The centennial held on Sunday at Christ

", j and Frank M. Rotherruel. The hotel kept j |j spent the" greater part crmwi ! by Georg© B. Yoder was crowded with ! old records of the congregation. nests. ! master hand of Rev. Dr. Schantz extract- I cd a vast amount of local church history that required over an hour to discourse ! from the pulpit. His gray hair, and I clear, forcible delivery added much tpJJje jjjimpressiveness of the sermon, which was: Ifdelivered in a beautiful German. He not I only gave every detail of the early his-: jtory of this ancient congregation, which is unsurpassed in historic interest in this section, but he gave a minute sketch of all of the 7 pastors that have served here since the erection of the first church. This valuable contribution to j the local history of Berks will appear in J full in a future number of the Eagle, f In the evening Rev. C. F. Dry, of Mif- flnvilie, Pa., another son of Rockland township and catechumen of Rev. B. E. Kramlich, delivered an English sermon. His text was from Zachariah 6:13, “Even He shall build the temple of the Lord; I and he shall hear the glory.” Rev. Dry’s THE ORGAN LOFT. j 3 principal points were the temple, the The interior of the church was decorat¬ builder and the glory. The different il¬ ed with evergreens, potted plants and lustrations were exceedingly well drawn. flowers. Back of the pulpit, in letters Rev. F. K. Berndt, a member of the covered with sprigs of boxwood, appear- faculty of the Keystone State Normal these words: schcol, of Kutztown, was in attendance ; Christ Church, all day and assisted in the exercises. 1798—Centennial Celebration—1898. At noon, when the large crowd was In the church yard the grave of Rev. gathering, the old church bell tolied 100 I Johannes Schaum, one of the congre¬ strokes in honor of the occas on. gation’s earliest pastors, was tastefully Rev. B. E. Kramlich, of Kutztown, has j bedecked with flowers and evergreens. for 39 years been the pastor of Mertz j Rev. B. E. Kramlich. to whose untiring church. There are few ministers con- I efforts the church owes its present large nected with the Ministerium of Penn’a, ! membership, also deserves credit for the whose record equals that of Pastor Kram—I ! decorations. lich, or the “Bishop of Berks,” as he is Near the entrance of the church, Solo¬ sometimes called. ’ 1 mon Heist conducted a refreshment stand that was largely patronized, a percentage of the receipts going to the congrega¬ tion. i The music was in charge of Hertz’s church choir, under the leadership of Prof. J. C. D. Koch, of Bower’s station. Their selections were well rendered. The choir was composed of Miss Dora Kerbein, Mrs. Albert Beitler, alto; Mrs. Jacob ITcch, Misses Ida Herbein, Ellen' Dry, Emma Herbein, soprano; Valentine, Amos and John Kiefer, bass; Oscar Welder, Vv. G. Readinger, tenor._ The morning exercises were attended by the Dryville. Union Sunday school in a | body, the school being headed by George i Kniss, superintendent, and PI. H. Heffner, GRAVE OF PASTOR SCHAOJi. assistant. The centennial celebration was pro¬ “O, Send Out Thy Light” was sung by posed by him, and through his efforts, be- the choir, and then Rev. Benj. G. Weldor, came such a great success. He conducted of Reamstown, delivered the morning ser- * 1 the affair most gracefully. mon. He took for his text the lOGth Rev. B. E. Kramlich was born, October Psalm. His discourse was in German. 7, 1831, in Weisenberg, Lehigh county, Rev. Welder is a son of Benj. Welder, of and confirmed at Ziegel’s church, bv Rev. Rockland, and was born near the church Jeremiah Sbindel. He attended the com¬ tFThe ""centennial. Pie was- confirmed at mon schools at home until his 14th year, -Icrtz’s church by Rev. Kramlich, and is and then entered the private academy of aowr one of the most successful Lutheran tt Rev. Dr. Yandeever. Easton. _ ministers of Lancaster county. At 19, he entered Penn’a college, at “God of My Salvation,” by the choir, Gettysburg, and graduated in 1856. He I closed the morning exercises. At 2 p. m. immediately entered the Lutheran Theo¬ [ the services were resumed. After a se- j, logical seminary, at Gettysburg, graduat¬ I - | lection hv the choir, reading of the scrip- j ing there in 1858. He was at once licensed tures, etc.. Rev. F. J. F. Schantz, D. D., i to preach, and was regularly ordained by | of Myerstown, historian of the Lutheran J- the synod, at Lebanon, in-1859. ministerium. delivered the historical j He was elected to become the successor sermon. It was the feature of the day jt of Rev. Isaac Rneller, and took charge of [ and delighted the audience. Rev. Dr. | Trexlertown, Maxatawny, Mertztown, f | Schantz, assisted by Rev. B. E. Kram- j ' Fleetwood, Rockland, Moselem and Huff’s lich and Amos G. Welder, the latter for r congregations—a large and influential 19 years the secretary of Mertz church. - r. -. .

I

A ST.Oli OF MEBTZ l.UTUKRAN CHURCH. cnarse tor a. young man to take Hold or. Rev. Kramlich is not only an able In 1384, he dropped Huff’s and Moselem, ; preacher, but is one of the most useful in order to form new charges. He also citizens as well. When the Keystone preached for shorter or longer periods, at I Normal enterprise was inaugurated, he Jacksonville, Shoernakersville, Mohrsville j was one of the principal agents in push¬ and Topton. The last-named was insti¬ ing it forward to a successful comple- tuted by Pastor Kramlich. tion. He has held the office of trustee ever since the organization of this great educational institution, and during the last 23 years has held the office of presi¬ dent of the board. As president of the board, and as chairman of various eom- - '1 ! mittees, he has done much for the cause of education. He has one son in the ministry and two are taking courses pre¬ paratory to that calling. Rev. B. E. Kramlich’s conversational • address makes him an agreeable compan¬ ion; his energetic oratory, a popular preacher, while his genial spirit endears 5 him to a large circle of friends.. He is i as active and vigorous as the average man at 30 and lives contentedly in one of the finest residences in Rutztown. Rev. F. J. F. Schantz, D. D., of Myers- town, sometimes known as the “Walking I Historical Encyclopaedia,” was born in [ j Upper Macungie, Lehigh county, January j tag; 1836. From April. 1848 to 1830 he at-J tended the Allentown Academy, Prof. R.; C. Chandler, principal, and from the I spring of 1830 to the fail cf 1833 the Al- REV. DR, F. .T. WHO DE¬ . ientown seminary. Rev. Christian R, LIVE RED THE SERMON. i Kessler, principal. He entered the junior _ • _ of Frauklin at .1 Marshall college, the executive commiiueoriu rue exumi of beneficiary stu leas ter, in the fall of 185"! and was tion and reception raduated in 1853. He catered the theo- dents. ieai seminary, at Gettysburg: in the fall He has served for many years as a jf 1855, and t smplelcd -..he required course member, and long as chairman of the September 15, 1837. rle was licensed! committee on systematic beneficence, ap¬ [as an Evangelical Lutheran minister at pointed by the ministerium to make an¬ the meeting of the West Penn’a synod at j nual apportionments to pastoral charges Carlisle, on Sept. 28th, 1S57, and ordained j for benevolent contributions. at the meeting of the German Evangelical He served as a trustee of the orphans’ Lutheran ministerium of Pcnn’a, etc., in home, at Germantown. Pa., elected by the ministerium from 1872 to 1875. He has served as a visitor of Emmaus orphans’ home, at Middletown, Pa., since 1874. He has served as a trustee of Muhlen¬ berg college since 1867. Ho was a delegate of the Ministerium at all of the meetings or the general council of North America since 1874, excepting the mt'eting in 1891, when he was pre¬ vented by sickness. By appointment of the general council, he has served as a member of the English Home Mission Board since 1SS2. By appointment of the , Ministerium of Penn’a, he attended, as its delegate, the meetings of the Reformed synod, at Baltimore, Md., in 1867, and at Martinsburg, West Virginia, in 1872. In 1882, he was appointed by the Ministerium of l enn’a, a special delegate to attend the raectiug of the Pittsburg Evangelical Lutheran synod, at Erie, Pa. Roy. Dr. Sehantz has served the Luth- i eran church in hundreds of other ways j and has probably labored in % of the Lutheran churches iri eastern Penn’a. REV. C. F. DRV. WHO .SPOKE IN THE He was the president of the third dis¬ EVENING. tinct conference, embracing Berks, St. John’s church, Easton, Pa., on Junei.'t Schuylkill, Lebanon and Dauphin coun¬ 3, 1858. He was in charge of Trinity:j ties, from 1869 to the summer of 1871— lEvangclica! Lutheran church, Reading, as* and after the re-arrangement of confer¬ supply from October 4, 1857 to Jan. 9, PI ence districts, by which the 4th confer¬ [1858, and as pastor from Jan. 10, 1858 to ence embraced Lancaster, Lebanon and Jan. 9, 1861. He was pastor cf Catasauquai Dauphin counties, and all west of the charge to the close of 1866. He was assistant Susquehanna and south of the Juniata, ho agent of the Theological seminary, Phila.,; i became the president -of the 4th confer¬ from Nov. 5, 1865, to Sept. 30. 1SS6, and ence in 1872, and served as such for some-1 general agent of the same institution from years. He has a wide acquaintance and has few • Oct. 1, 1866, to June 30, 1867. In the! __ equals in his profession in this section of t summer of 1866, he was called pastor of Frieden’s Lutheran church, of Myers- H the state. town, but declined the call and accepted ? Rev. C. F. Dry was born in Rockland, the general agency of the Theological £ June 2, 1851. His parents are Mr. and seminary. He received a second call Mrs. John K. Dry, still living in that township. He attended the Keystone State from the same church, accepted the call * and commenced his labors, July, 1S67, and Normal school, Kutztown, one spring was installed as pastor on Sunday, July term, and in the fall of the same year took 21, 1867. by Rev. B. W. Schmauk and Rev. up the profession of teaching, which ho P>. M. Schmucker, D. D. He also became followed for a period of 17 years, as fol¬ pastor of the Evangelical Lutheran con¬ lows: Ten years in the common schools o' gregation of St. John's church at hit. Berks, 1 year in Lehigh, and from 1881 to Aetna. From July, 1871, he was, for 1887 as superintendent of the model de-' about a ye'ar. the supply, and thereafter, partment of the K. S. Normal school, to the close of December, 1881. the regu¬ from which institution he graduated i;. lar pastor of Zion Evangelical Lutheran 1874. church at Jonestown, Pa. He was the In the fail of 1887 he entered the Luth-1 • temporary pastor of Emanuel Evangelical eran Theological seminary at Phila., and jj Lutheran chmeh at Erickerville, Lancas- SB graduated from the s^me in 1890. ter county, from 1876 to 1879. In the fall of 1890 he accepted a cail to Dr. Sehantz atteuded a!i the meetings of | become pastor of the Mainvilie parish, Columbia county, in which field he has the ministerium of Penn’a from 1858 to 1896, and nearly ti!l tlu* meetings of the labored since. His early days were r.ot by any means district conferences, of which he was a all spent in school. Periods of study were member, and most of the Sunday school followed by periods of manual labor on conventions of the 4th, now the Lancaster the farm and in the iron ore mines, conference. He was the secretary of the known as Heffner’s, located about a mile ministerium of Penn’a from 1S74 to 1877. southwest of Lyon’s station. ; He has been a member of the executive He was received into full communion committee of the ministerium since 1869 j with the Mertz church congregation by • (excepting for 9 months, in 1871-72), and the Rev. B. E. Kramlich, in the spring of secretary of the executive committee 3 1S68. since 1879. . He has been for many years chairman The oldest members of Mertz church are cf the central committee, appointed by Mrs. Judith Moyer, almost 90 years of age: , 63. and B^rvfei^rsr.reI“^elst;l years ago. ' Pet.dr I<. Heffner now lives in Reading,' members of the chi tm spent the greater part of his life in , these relics. The second cm ihe vicinity of Mertz church, in his youn¬ ’; logs, some of which can to . ger years be taught school in winter and : seen on the place of Peter made spinning wheels in summer. He has | Rockland. The grave of the Re"v.'”„,ua, _ 1 for some years been leading a retired life. I is more than 20 feet away from the pres¬ He is said to be the oldest male member ent edifice. of Mertz church. The present officers the the Mertz church, also Known as (Jurist of congregation are: President, F. M. Rothermel; secre¬ Lutheran church and “Ember Creek’’ tary, Amos G. Welder; treasurer, Daniel church from its location on the head¬ waters of that stream, is situated on an Stern; trustees, William Behm, John Meitz and Solomon Heist; deacons, Clin¬ eminence near Dryville, one mile from Lyons station. ton Heist, Samuel Wiltrout, Samuel Her- bein, A. K. Heist, David Heffner and Al¬ The congregation was organized in 1747 vin Herbein. by the Rev. Tobias Wagner, and in the | ' “ T -.... rii t ■M spring of that year Henry Mertz donated! three-fourths of an acre of land upon I vdueh to build a chureh. The building was of logs and was so far completed that it could be occupied in the fall of From, I that year. After 17 years the members ; of the congregation had increased to such j an extent that a new and larger church was required. Accordingly the corner¬ CFL stone of this second church was laid June H, 1761. and the edifice built that year. The building committee comprised George Schaeffer, e;\, Henry Mertz, Johannes Date, ./f : Ember, George Heffner and Jacob Freu. The minister at that time was the Rev. Johannes Scliaum. When he died, Jan. 2ii, 1778, be was buried under the church , alter the custom of that day. His grave / A CENTENNIAL CELEBRATION. j is to this day marked by 2 large, flat lOOth Anniversary Services in Frie- ! sandstones, raised about 18 inches above i the ground and resting on pillars of den’s Church Near New Ringgold. brick. The Inscription is almost oblit¬ Saturday and Sunday, Oct. 15 and 16, erated. This grave attracts much atten¬ were red-letter days inTtNfe congrega- I tion, it being the only one of the kind in tion of Frieden’s churqh, near New the church yard. In fact, there are very few of this design in the county. Ringgold, In Schuylkill county, and the The 3d church, which is the present one, community of East Brunswick, when was erected in 1798. It is a stone build¬ the people from near and far, gathered ing of substantial appearance, and is at the church to celebrate the 100th anni¬ p.astered outside. It was remodeled in versary of the dedication of the first 1879, and again in 1S05. The church prop¬ regular church building there. Large as erty embraces some 20 acres of land, 4 1S f^e-.Capacit^ of th9 Present edifice of which are used as a cemetery. The with its seating accommodations for congregation has over 500 members. Rev. irom 800 to 1,000 people, it could not at * Kramlicli, of Kutztown, has beon one time contain nearly all who gath¬ the pastor since 1839. Hi:< predecessors ered to these jubilee services. The pas¬ v'ere Rev. Isaac lioelier, who served the tors, Rev. I-I. A. Weller, (Lutheran), of congregation 22 years; Revs. John Knoske Orwigsburg, and Rev. Henry Lelsse, and Daniel Lehman. (Reformed), of the same place, had, to- i gether with the people made great prep¬ arations to observe the occasion fittingly. The historical sermon on Saturday i afternoon was preached to a large con- gregation by Rev. F. J. F. Schantz, Dj | ?■’ of Myerstown, who based his ad- dress on the text Psalm 100, the liturgical i services being conducted by the regu- ' lar pastors of the church, together with Rev. George Gebert, of Tamaqua, presi¬ dent of the Pottsville conference of the j Ministerium of Penn’a, who expressed the greetings of the conference and of the sister congregations at Tamaqua and at Lewistown, where he is pastor. , On Saturday evening the services were conducted under the auspices of the Sun- ! day school of the church, and were of an j historical devotional character. These serv-ices showed forth the jubilee interest ot the pupils, teachers and officers of the school, to whom great credit is due for PETER K. HEFFNER. THE OLDEST lU4Trr their devoted labors. MEMBER OF THE C0NGRGAT70N. J On Sunday morning, at 10 o’clock, the When the first church was torn down people came from all directions to wor- some of the logs were used in constructing ship, and the regular Sabbath “Haupt- the house of Jonathan Welder, of Rock Gottesdienst’’ was celebrated; the minis- i %145 trants being the pastors loci, and the ser¬

mon, based on the text, 1st Samuel 7:12, i* ■ • ww i was preached by the Reverend Thomas N. Reber. of Andreas, Pa. In the afternoon the people gathered In the greatest numbers. Those who could crowd into the church took part in a ftI From, F> '(L t\JL c choral-vesper service; and, the way the old German chorals were rendered by the • audience, led by a choir of young people, accompanied at the organ ty Mrs. B. P. ft 3 Sallada, the regular organist at the church, and an orchestra of 6 string and brass instruments, was good to hear. 7 The Scripture lessons were read £ Datefsht?: € 2^, / S k by Pastor Lei,see, and Pastor Wel- I 'er conducted the singing of the congregation. This service, unique in its, ft A ^ ^ M lA 1 j character outside the larger city congre-' . M* I gations to-day, fittingly showed forth the | depth of true devotion which character- r I ized the fathers a century since, when! they gathered in divine worship in their first little log church, “unweit der Klein- en Schuylkill in Braunschweig ueber den Blauen Bergen,” as for almost a half cen¬ Celebration of 50 Years of Service of tury previous they had gathered from time to time in their little log school house there, without a pastor, to worship Three Choir Singers. ’ God. On Sunday evenlug another great con¬ course of people, deeply permeated by the • A Reception Tendered to Jacob and Daniel sacred character which breathed through , Shaaber and James Hill in the First all the services, gathered for the closing Baptist Church in Honor of Their 50 { service of the series in the jubilee, under ■ the auspices of the Young People’s society Years of Service—Historical .‘•katch. of the church. The evening topic, “Bet¬ ter work for Christ and the church,” was considered at this service, Pastor Weller A notable event took place in the First being the leader. The members of the so¬ Baptist Church, 5th and Chestnut streets, ciety had prepared a fitting programme last evening. It was the reception ten¬ of exercises to conclude the jubileeservice of praise and thanksgiving. The hymns, dered the three oldest members of the the remarks of the leader and the parti¬ choir—Daniel Suaaoer, Jacob Shaaber cipation of many members, all marked a high order of work already being done by and James S. Hill—who have been sing¬ the young people consecrated to the ser- ing together, in the same choir, for fifty j vice of the Lord. The -greetings of the societies at Orwigsburg, at Zion’s (Red) ’ years. Recently they tendered their res¬ church, in West Brunswick, and at St. '• ignation, feeling that after half a cen¬ John’s church, of Auburn. Pa., were borne . and expressed by large delegations who tury of service their places could be tak- had come from these affiliated societies, en by younger members of the congrega¬ and the jubilee was fittingly closed with tion. "i neir resignations, however, were the Aaronic benediction. Tbe beautiful attar-cloths and puloit not accepted, but it was decided to re¬ and lecture hangings, the handiwork of lieve them as much as possible in the fu¬ some of the ladies of the congregation, ture, and also to have a festival in the were for the first time used in these an¬ niversary services; and will remain a per¬ church, in honor of their long and faith-, manent mark for the new century of the ful services. I » congregation. They are fine specimens of The spacious church was crowded. The W t.he needleworker’s art, and a fitting me¬ old choir, as- it was twenty-three years morial of the occasion. ago, or at least all the survivors of the The history of the community and con¬ choir as it was then, responded to the in¬ gregation, painstakingly gathered and written by Rev. H. A. W'eller, was print¬ vitation to oe present, and opened the f ed at the instance of the congregation exercises by singing “Jehovah’s Praise.” j in neat book-form and many copies were The young pastor’s choir then rendered sold for tbe congregation. Though this “Send Out Thy Light.” This was fol¬ ommendable work on its outside cover, lowed by the singing of “Gloria” by the in its title designation, would seem to combined choirs with grand effect. pretend to be a history of the eongrega- ! tion only, the first chapter already con¬ The pastor, Rev. J. S. Bromley, then vinces the reader that the title is too delivered a congratulatory address. He. modest and it is foaliy a history of the *ded,t0 the fact that next Sunday he! German pioneer settlers and settlements ' ! enter upon the tenth year of his j which pushed civilization beyond the frontier lines in America; and Rev. Wel¬ pastoral labors in this congregation and i ler’s contribution to the historical lit¬ that during these years his relations’with | erature of Pennsylvania will be prized by the choir have been most pleasant. He ’ every student of the Pennsylvania Ger¬ ■spoke of the harmony which should al¬ man, his history, his growth, and his ways exist between the choir and the sterling qualities that have helped to build a nation. Many requests for copies pastor, and what an important adjunct of the work have already come to Pastor music is to render church services effeet- AVeller from students, teachers and liter- | arii, so that the present edition prom- j ises to demand duplication. i i r icieu-ea reeling! y ta the noble work of the Messrs. Shaaber and ! successors in 'the same line were Mr. t Hoover^ Dr. Grigg, Henry Kaereher, i "IU ,aml the great service they had ren¬ dered the congregation. Blind Barry, Mr. Gougler, Ephraim Bar- > ker, Charles Miles, Geo. W. Durell and! Kev. Bromley was followed by Andrew Daniel Shaaber, with others bringing the bhaaber, tne historian of the First Bap¬ line down to Prof. Edward Knerr, who tist .aurch. He is a nephew of Messrs. has in his crass at present a number Daniel ana Jacob Shaaber. He spoke in g^i andchildren of the earlier singers. a historical vein and related some inter¬ The first combined hymn and tune book esting reminiscences of the choir. was introduced into the church in 1872. Among other things, Historian Shaab¬ Before teat time the choir folks held two er said: books in their hands while singing, one! •‘About 61 years ago Peter Bankin, containing the hymns and the other thej John Wolfington, Daniel McTaggert and tunes. tea mu el Hill were regularly appointed to “George W. Durell, who came into the take the lead in 'the singing.’ In 1841 church about fifty-three years ago, was Lewis Brown, remembered as a famous one of the most active members of the bass singer, was given the use of the meeting nouse on r” choir. He became its leader in 1850. At the outbreak of the Civil War he was a singing school. The next year similar ■' one of the first to enter the military ser¬ permission was given to Mr. Boyer. In vice, and became commander of a famous the same year the church resolved ‘to battery of artillery. At the close of the occupy one hour weekly at the closing war he resumed the leadership of the ol the afternoon session of the Sunday c-hoir.” school for the purpose of improving our An important feature was the reading singing.’ In 1843 the singers were given of a letter from Rev. Dr. A. H. Sembow- permission to have one evening eacu week er, of Millville, In. J., who was pastor of for practice, and were also permitted to the First Baptist Church 23 years ago, make alterations in their choir pews at when all the members of the “old choir” their own expense. In 1844 Adam Waid ., 'yh° sang last night were members of it. taught the singing school, and among his jj The letter contained Words of cheer and' encouragement, and the reading of it / 147

elicited marked attention, as l)r. Sem¬ 4. Enos M. Phillips, 1840-41. bower is regarded with great veneration 5. Samuel Davison, 1842-4. by many members of the congiega ion. 6. Charles R. Hendrickson, 1844, (six In his letter he stated that he could a- months.) ways depend upon his choir, especial¬ 7. Emerson Andrews, 1845-6. ly upon the three male members, who 8. Joseph IJammi'tt, 1846-9. were about being honored by the congre¬ 9. Enoch M. Barker, 1849-50. 10. Isaac Bevan, 1850-7. gation. . ,, ., , ■ The enure congregation then united in 11. George Frear, 1858-72. singing the long metre doxology, “Praise 12. A. H. Sembower, 1872-84. God from whom all blessings flow, af¬ 13. Charles M. Deitz, 1885-9. ter which all repaired to the Sunday 14. Joseph S. Bromley, Jan. 1, 1890. I school room, where refreshments, ice¬ Rev. J. S. Bromley, under whose able cream and cake were served. 1 pastorate the church has greatly pros¬ , The following committee had charge pered, will next Sunday enter upon the of the arrangements: Mrs. Clarence tenth year of his pleasant pastoral relay Sembower, Mrs. Clara Noacker, Mis- tions with the congregation. Thomas Morgan, Mrs. Sarah Barber, Mrs. M E. Scheibner, Mrs. J. S. Bromley, Mrs. Horace Kurtz, Mrs. Andrew Shaaber, Miss Mary Ives. Miss Amanda Wood¬ :c / ward, Miss Annie Howe, together with • C From, U? A- 9 C<. the Music Committee, Messrs. Robert L RinMer, D. E. Esterly, Edward Knerr. James Eckenroth and C. H. Sembower. A ’ (V, cC- c. <- .- A-. Daniel and Jacob Shaaber aie twins, or it should have been written Jacob and Daniel Shaaber. thus giving Jacob prec- , k«-v /I'tzi.. edence, as he is the elder brother by \ .r about one hour, but Daniel has probably had more prominence in the choir \=JL through having been its leader for a per¬ a-o-» » iod of thirty years, having succeeded Pottstown: The queer spectacle of a Col. Durell. lie also served more contin¬ graveyard nearly entirely hemmed in by uously than his brother, Jacob, who was iron works can be seen by a visit to the absent from Reading for several years in , old Sprogell burial ground, near the Pottstown Iron Company's plant, and that the South. of the Philadelphia Bridge Works. Here They joined the choir about fifty-four one will see a plot of ground, 100x200 years W. Daniel is a tenor singer and feet, surrounded by a stone wall, broken I Jacob a basso. Jacob S. Hill is also a down and dilapidated in many places. The entrance is through an old cross-bar I bass singer, and his voice at his age (he gate, which has the appearance of a typi¬ is now in his 05th year), is as full and cal barn-yard gate. To the east of the deep as ever. The Shaaber brothers are graveyard and almost against the stone about three years older than he is. They wall is the foundry of the Philadelphia entered the choir at the age of thirteen Bridge Works, whose bleak appearance years, and, uiua their voices changed, from several years of inactivity, suggests itself a fitting neighbor to the quiet sang alto. Mrs. Daniel Shaaber was a old cemetery. To the north lies the member also of the choir for forty-five grounds and other buildings of the Bridge years. Among <*thers who were members Works and the extensive plant of the for many years may be mentioned Mrs. Pottstown Iron Company is the western James Roland, Mrs. Sallie Kutz Mrs. ( boundary. Emma Richards, Misses Mary and Lizzie Nearly 200 years ago, John Henry Sprogell donated this ground for burial Jones, and Capt. R. H. Jones and wife. purposes and doubtless bodies lie there The late Griffith W. Jones was a member nearly that length of time. The major- | for a long period, as was also the late 1 ity of the oldest gravestones are im¬ Jesse Orr. bedded in the ground and the inscrip¬ The First Baptist congregation was or tions on them are obliterated. But it is known that the wife of John Henry 1 | ganized Dec. 20, 1828, with six members. Sprogell and his two children lie there, | Now it has over 600 members. Mieie are while Mr. Sprogell is buried in the l also 500 members of the Sunday School, Fatherland. The original stones that which is supporting Jhree jmissions—in mark these three graves have been better West Reading, Millmont and at Second taken care of and are now covered by a and Oley streets, respectively. The -B slab of marble 3 feet wide, 7 feet long and two inches thick. A fine marble shaft rean Baptist Church is a child ot thi- I was erected to their memory about the First Church. . , . 1 tear 1870, with the inscriptions of their The beautiful church now .occupied by Birth and death. This monument and the congregation fas erected m 18J7 at a slab was erected by the late Christian cost of $87,000. The pastors in then ol¬ Bliem and others, and contains the fol¬ lowing inscription: “This monument is der of service were as follows: in honor of John Henry Sprogell, who 1. George Higgins. ■ purchased this land of Wm. Penn and 2. Enoch MJ Barker 1-^8. dedicated this portion to John Bliem, 3 Thomas T. Ku'tchin, 1838-0. by mm wo

The Sprogell Burial Ground and Some of Its Bistory—Nearly 200 Years Old. r

... f

THE CEMETERY AS IT APPEARS HOOKING 'WESTWARD. Jacob Bliem and others for a burial [ January and elects officers for the ensuing ground forever.” On the other side it | . contains: ‘‘In memory of Dorothea year. It was shortly after the formation Sprogell, died Aug. 4th, 1718, aged 40 of this association that the marble shaft years. was erdeted and the marble slab piac Frederick Sprogell, born April 17, 1714; over the graves of the Sprogell descend ants. died Dec. 3, 171G. Margaret Sfcrogell, died Sept. 28, 1715, The present Board of Trustees ie com¬ aged 7 months. posed of Joseph B. Bechtel, of Phil On the marble slab is written: “This president; Frank H. Bliem, Upper Potts slab is placed as a protection over the grove, secretary aud treasurer; Isaac E. graves and original memorial stones of Bliem, Phila,; John E. Bliem, Boyerto-wn, the wife and children of John Henry and J. Stauffer Bliem, Pottsto-wn. John Sprogell.” V H. Bliem, of Phila., who died within the According to the research into the his¬ past year, was a trustee, and his succes¬ tory of^the Bliem family, there must be sor will be elected at the coming annual meeting. an'error in regard to the land being do- " While the Phila. Bridge Company was '■-nated to John and Jacob Bliem, by Mr. in the height of its busy career, they made ‘ Sprogell, as the first original Bliem did repeated efforts to purchase the old ceme¬ net. arrive in this county until tery ground, and at one time would have 1735, while burials had been made succeeded but for one interested heir re¬ in the cemetery as early as 1716. siding in Phila., who would not give her But the Bliems have been inter¬ consent, and the matter W'us abandoned. ested in it for many years, Christian The offer was a liberal one and would have Bliem having been interred there in 1812. enabled the association to secure grounds At present there are none of the Bleim in a more favorable locality. ancestors buried there, as they were all u removed some years ago to the Coventry Mennonite burial ground, Chester county. The Bechtel ancestors occupy the en¬ tire eastern portion of the plot, and all have nice, neat memorial stones to mark / their restipg place. Among the oldest burials of the Bechtels is Martine Bechtel, in 1786, and Daniel Bechtel, in 1802. The last burial was that of a Bechtel, in 1886. Mrs. Samuel B. Yahn and Mrs. Henry Naylor, both daughters of Joshua and Susanna Bechtel, were laid to rest in the old cemetery in 1880. Among other names on the gravestones marking their resting placese are found those of Irwin Splianzen, Betz, Coryell, Rhodes, Grobb, etc. The title of the! land had become lost and during the bite Hon. James Esch- bach’s term in the .Legislature, about 1865, a charter was granted, through his efforts, to the late Christian Bliem and others of this vicinity, and the Sprogell Burial Guound Association was formed, which annually meets on. the. first Monday in j

■ 1150TH ANNIVERSARY CHURCH

Shamrock: Sunday afternoon, Rev.. Nevin W. Hclfrich, Reformed pastor of Longswamp Church, delivered the sesqu;- c.Th'rPnnial sermon to that congregation. Notwithstanding the unfavorable weath¬ er and drifted roads, the attendance was good, the church being surrounded by a large number of sleighs, ma.ny of which had come from a distance of several miles’. A selection by the choir opened the ser¬ vices at 2 p. m. The German hymn, "Thut Mir Auf Die Schone Pforte,” by the congregation, followed. Rev. Helfrich read the 100th Psalm and delivered prayer. The congregation eang ‘'Jesus Soli Die Losung Sein,” after which the sermon opened. The text was 1 Samuel 7:12. On account of the excellent history of the church, which was published in the Eagle, Rev. Helfrich decided not to dwell much Upon the historical, saying that he felt sure nearly all of his listeners were al¬ ready familiar with the interesting ac¬ count of the early days of the congrega¬ tion. He spoke for about an hour. With splendid voice, excellent word pictures.

LONGSWAMP CHURCH. ministers in America that belonged to a and clear German, he eloquently portrayed synod when Longswamp church was the growth of the Reformed Church and started.” the wisdom, piety and self-sacrifice ex- ,r The John Butz mentioned in the sermon hibited by our forefathers. was the great-grandfather of Charles A. I "Those early Reformed pastors,” he Butz, of Shamrock, who attends Ursinus l said, "were not only pious, but they were college, and is the Eagle correspondent jpatriotic and practical. Rev. P. J. Mich- who wrote the history of Longswamp |ael, one of the first preachers of Long- church recently published. The Long¬ swamp congregation, resigned as minis¬ swamp choir was in attendance. It is | ter that he might serve in the American composed of the following: Robert Fritcn, j army during the Revolution. He re- leader and organist; Misses Carrie Long, (turned to the congregation afterward and Sarah Keiser, Lizzie Romig, alto; Misses, | worked unremittingly. Lillie Long, Agnes Romig, Mai'y Fntch, "When the first and second churches Clara Long. Catharine Romig, soprano; : were erected here at Longswamp, John Dr. J. P. Wertz, Peter Keiser, Morris . ! Butz, one of the members, made all the Long, William Boyer, Edwin Deysher, 1 nails by hand that were required. bass; W. F. Long, Charles Long, George “After the congregation had been es¬ Long, tenor. 1 , , tablished 15 years it consisted of only 28 The flrsl__ehurch was erected here of members and there were only five or six loss In 1748. It was one of the very earli- *150

| place was [founded in the beginning of I the 18th century by Baltzer Zimmer¬ man, a well to-do farmer, and after his death he was laid to rest there. He had one son, Richard, and two daughters Mary and Elizabeth. Mary and Rich- and were bnried in the private ceme¬ spicuous figure in the landscape. tery by their parents. After her par¬ Up to 1817 the church was used entirely , ents’ death,Elizabeth moved to a small by the Reformed, but from that year on house, now used as a blacksmith shop, the Lutherans rented the church until on the farm at Dresent owned by 1837, when they became half owners. The Samuel Siesholtz. She died there sev¬ church is a union one to this day. Rev. D. K. Humbert, of Bowers Station, is the eral years later and was interred with Lutheran pastor. On the Reformed side the rest of her family. Altogether four generations of Helfriches have been more than 100 burials were made there. the pastors. When Rev. Michael joined Some of the graves are still marked by the Colonial army he was succeeded in curious inscriptions. Of the stones on the church by Rev. John Henry Helfrich. which the inscriptions can still be de¬ Upon Rev. Michael’s return Rev. Helfrich ciphered, 12 are marble, one slate and vacated, but later the latter again took charge of the congregation and served un¬ one a slab, fashioned ont of a boulder. til 1810. In the fall of 1816 Rev. Johannes The most legible one contains the fol-l Helfrich, son of Rev. John Henry Hel¬ lowing in German : “Here rests Sue- frich. took charge and served until 1852, anna Huff. She was born a Keim when he died and was succeeded by his daughter of Johannes and Mari Eliza¬ son, William A. Helfrich, D. D., who con¬ beth Keim; born December 25, 1739- tinued until 1894, since which time his married to Frederick Huff, October 25,’ son. Rev. Nevin W. Helfrich, has been the pastor. The congregation has been grow¬ 1751; the mother of 6 sons and 8dangh ! ing right along, there being about 300 Re¬ cera, and died May 12, 1809, aged 89 formed communicant members now, years, 4 months and 18 days. Text, The oldest Reformed member is Nathan | ! Revelaton 14:13.” Hass, of near Shamrock, 91 years of age. I fheislate marks the grave of Johan, Up to a few years ago he walked to church nes Kauffman, and other stones the regularly and even now reads without resting places of Isaac Bechtel, Fred- ^lasses “ Among the original families who still ®ric* Huff.. Susanna Bechtel, Jacob belong to the congregation are: The Fen- Bechtel, Elizabeth Zimmerman, Kath¬ stermachers, Butz, Schwartzs, Ketsers, arine Moll, George Moll, Rosina Bech¬ Ltongs, DeLongs, Fegelys, Bierys, Folks tel, Johannes Frederick Huff and Anna and Walberts. Marie Imbody It is a tradition that The pipe organ that still does excellent nearly all buried there died of a severe service in the church was put in place attack of cholera morbns. The oldest over 100 years ago. was Johannes Frederick Huff, who In 1852 a Sunday school was started. The earliest superintendents were Charles reached the age of 82, dying in 1816 It Weiler, deceased, and Augustus Sander, was his famliy that gave the name to ■who still lives at ICutztown. Levi S. Hoff’s Church. The old burying Mabry, of Mertzto-wn, has been the super¬ in' en;5 nt the last 15 years. SKXchkept in BOOd 00n«s»«J® At,- . e close of the Sesqui-Centennial Pi V V V W • * te V

Date !' tfnr

OLD LANDMARK TO BE REMOVED.

c' * * t THE BUILDING AT SIXTH AND - , OLD BURIAL GROUND. FENN STREETS EREC TED *- 1 Rsittag Piac* of »f«ariy jqo Peopio-isti NEARLY ONE HUNDRED YEARS AGO. . °eatary interment*, ton ? *maJ1 an<3 almost forgot As the old buildings on the Heizmann ouartor n- al «ronnd located about £ property at the southeast corner of quarter of a mile northeast of Huff’i On arch, in Berks county, on a niec< Sixth and Penn streets will be torn down of e.evated ground owned by Dav?d B after April first next, to make way Ramh. who lives nearby. This buria for a modern seven-story building to be I occupied by Dives, Pomeroy & Stew¬ art, a peep into the title and history Among the old parchments and of this old landmark will be interest- papers relating to this property are lng» documents with the signatures, as prin¬ The lot at the southeast corner of cipals, witnesses, etc., of Conrad Wei¬ Sixth and Penn streets was originally ser, Krafft Henner, John Heiner, John J known as lot No. 120 on the old plan Francis Eichhorn, Frederick Heller. of the borough of Reading, and was Peter Nagle, John Bright, John S. Hles- sixty feet front on Penn street, extend¬ ter, John Cadwaiader, Marks John Bid¬ ing south on Prince street (now Sixth dle, Wm. Schoener, Matthias S. Rich¬ street), two hundred and seventy feet ards, Charles Troxell, Adolphus Lippe, to a twenty foot alley (now Cherry John Banks, William Strong, William street). In 1751 this lot was bought by Darling, Thomas Morris, Henry A. Conrad Weiser from the Penns and was Muhlenberg and Jacob Sallade, all of sold by him in 1759 to Krafft Henner. whom were prominent citizens in their In 1779 a log house stood on the lot day. which was used as a commissary store¬ house for Washington’s army. In 1781 Krafft Henner sold the lot to Casper [SPECIAL TO THE PUBLIC LEDGER.] Reading, Feb. 12.—In the Lincoln exer¬ Henner, and after his death it was cises to-day in the schools of Reading awarded by the orphans’ court to John and throughout the county the fact was Heiner, whb» Feb. 9, 1805, sold it to John prominently brought out that the ances¬ Francis Eichhorn, the grandfather of tors of President Lincoln, before their the Messrs. Heizmann, now living in emigration to Virginia and then Ken¬ this city. Mr. Eichhorn at that time tucky, lived in Berks county, and that the was engaged in business on the north ancestral home still stands in Exeter side of Penn Square, between Fifth and township, eight miles below Reading. Sixth streets, with Mr. Repplier, under Here Mordecai Lincoln, great-great¬ the firm name of Eichhorn & Repplier. grandfather of the President, settled In 1806 Mr. Eichhorn erected the about 1725, and built a stone house, which building now standing at the southeast the ravages of a century and three-auar- corner of Sixth and Penn streets, and the Martyr President Lived a Half Century on its completion the firm above-men¬ olutionary War. tioned, took possession and carried on ters have not destroyed. He had a son business there for some years. John named Mordecai, and the latter had a Schwartz, afterwards a member of son named Abraham, who became promi¬ Congress, and the late Simon Seyfert nent in the affairs of Berks county during were clerks in the store. Subsequent- Revolutionary War times. ly Schwartz and Seyfert succeeded Another son of'Mordecai, Jr., John, set ¬ I Eichhorn & Repplier, and they in turn tled in Virginia. The latter had a son, 1 were succeeded by George Feather and Abraham, who was the father of Thomas John Allgaier, who were succeeded by Lincoln, father of President Lincoln. Numerous Lincolns still reside In this F'o„C No^Sber 10th. «0, Mr. Eich- section, and the old home in Exeter, of horn died, and in the settlement of ms the progenitor of the greatest of Ameri¬ estate in 1837, the property was convey¬ can Presidents, is an object of interest to ed to Charles Lawrence Heizmann, a many. son-in-law, and Anna and Theresa, daughters of Mr. Eichhorn. Charles Lawrence Heizmann was married to Marv Cecelia Eichhorn; Anna was the widow of Jonathan Dwight, and Theresa married Dr. Adolphus Lippe, of the house of Lippe Detmold, Germany. These three heirs owned the propel ty jointly until December, 1840, when Mr. Heizmann purchased the Lippe third interest. In February, 1847, he pur chased the remaining third interest be¬ longing to Mrs. Dwight, sole owner of the property. Mr. Heiz mann sold four lots on the Sixth street front to different parties and when he died July 3d, 1859, he still owned the corner of Sixth and Penn streets, 60 feet by 144 feet 9% inches, and the cor¬ ner of Sixth and Cherry streets, 37 feet 10 inches by 60 feet. lif In November, 1899, the children Charles Lawrence Heizmann leased th lot at the corner of Sixth and Penn streets to Messrs. Dives and ^®r^ for ninety-nine years, from April first next and after that date the old build¬ ing, which has been standing nearly one hundred years, will disappear foiever, to make way for a handsome modern structure 'adapted to the business of Dives, Pomerov &■ Stewart— ■, ^ 'cS . : A ' K =■ 1 . H , ^

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