DOCSLIB.ORG

0 UNIVERSIDADE DE LISBOA FACULDADE DE LETRAS Os

Total Page：16

File Type：pdf, Size：1020Kb

Download full-text PDF Read full-text
0 UNIVERSIDADE DE LISBOA FACULDADE DE LETRAS Os UNIVERSIDADE DE LISBOA FACULDADE DE LETRAS Os Marechais do Império durante as Guerras Napoleónicas 1804-1815 Bruno Miguel Pack Martins Orientador(es): Doutor António Adriano de Ascensão Pires Ventura Tese especialmente elaborada para obtenção do grau de Doutor no ramo de História, na especialidade de História Contemporânea 2021 0 1 UNIVERSIDADE DE LISBOA FACULDADE DE LETRAS Os Marechais do Império durante as Guerras Napoleónicas 1804-1815 Bruno Miguel Pack Martins Orientador(es): Doutor António Adriano de Ascensão Pires Ventura Tese especialmente elaborada para obtenção do grau de Doutor no ramo de História, na especialidade de História Contemporânea Júri: Presidente: Prof. Doutor Hermenegildo Nuno Goinhas Fernandes, Professor Associado e Membro do Conselho Científico da Faculdade de Letras da Universidade de Lisboa, Vogais: Major-General do Exército João Jorge Botelho Vieira Borges, Professor da Academia Militar e Presidente da Comissão Portuguesa de História Militar; Brigadeiro-General do Exército Nuno Correia Barrento Lemos Pires, Professor da Academia Militar; Doutor António Paulo David Silva Duarte, Assessor e Investigador Doutorado do quadro do Instituto da Defesa Nacional; Doutor António Adriano de Ascensão Pires Ventura, Professor Catedrático da Faculdade de Letras da Universidade de Lisboa, orientador; Doutora Teresa Maria e Sousa Nunes, Professora Auxiliar da Faculdade de Letras da Universidade de Lisboa. 2021 2 Resumo: Os Marechais do Império foram os principais comandantes militares de Napoleão, contudo será que ficaram só por aqui? À medida que se explora as suas carreiras verificamos que foram governadores-gerais das conquistas imperiais e membros destacados na nova nobreza imperial, um símbolo da união do mérito revolucionário com o prestígio do Antigo Regime. Este trabalho visa explorar essa contribuição ao longo do conflito napoleónico, mostrando que os marechais foram mais que militares mas também agentes do Império que tiveram um papel maior e mais complexo. Abstract: The Marshals of the Empire were Napoleon’s main military commanders, but did they just do that? As their careers are explored, we find that they were governors- general of the imperial conquests, bringing with them the French administrative model and the Civil Code. They were also prominent members of the new imperial nobility, a symbol of the union of revolutionary merit with the prestige of the Old Regime. This work aims to explore that contribution throughout the Napoleonic conflict, showing that the marshals were more than military men but also agents of the Empire who had a bigger and more complex role. 3 Quero dedicar este trabalho à minha avó, aos meus pais e aos meus irmãos que me acompanharam e ajudaram nesta longa luta. 4 Indice Introdução ................................................................................................................... 10 Parte I - O caminho para o Marechalato Imperial ...................................................... 16 Capítulo 1 – O Marechalato Francês antes de 1804 ................................................... 17 Criação .................................................................................................................... 17 Nomeação e Critérios ............................................................................................. 18 Cerimónia, protocolo e privilégios ......................................................................... 20 As funções do Marechal de França: Militar, Administrador, Conselheiro e Juíz .. 22 A revolução e o fim do Marechalato ...................................................................... 24 Capítulo 2 – Os novos Generais da Revolução .......................................................... 27 O fim do Antigo Regime ........................................................................................ 27 Os novos oficiais: eleições e promoções da nova base de comando ...................... 28 Os novos generais ................................................................................................... 31 Generais e a Política 1789-1793: Os primeiros sinais ............................................ 34 Generais e a Política 1794-1799: Confirmação como actores políticos ................. 38 Do Consulado ao Império: generais e conspirações ............................................... 42 Capítulo 3- A criação do Marechalato Imperial ......................................................... 47 A Lei do 29 do Floreál do Ano XII ........................................................................ 47 Razões para a Criação............................................................................................. 50 A Historiografia e as razões para o Marechalato Imperial ..................................... 52 As razões para os nomeados ................................................................................... 54 5 Capítulo 4- Classe de 1804: retrospectivas biográficas até ao marechalato ............... 62 O “Grupo Bonaparte”: Berthier, Bessiéres, Murat e Lannes .................................. 63 Jacobinos e Republicanos: Bernadotte, Augereau, Jourdan e Brune ..................... 65 Os homens do Reno: Soult, Ney, Mortier e Davout ............................................... 68 Homens à parte: Moncey e Masséna ...................................................................... 71 Os Senadores: Kellermann, Sérurier, Lefebvre e Pérignon .................................... 73 Parte II - Mais que soldados: Nobreza Imperial, Administração e Relações Internacionais.............................................................................................................. 76 Capítulo 5 – Os Marechais como Nobreza Imperial .................................................. 78 A cerimónia ............................................................................................................ 78 A nova nobreza imperial e o lugar do Marechalato................................................ 82 As fortunas e a sua distribuição .............................................................................. 90 Brasões, as exigências do estauto e a influência das Le Marechale ....................... 95 Uniformes, Protocolo e Brasões ............................................................................. 97 Glória e Morte pelo Império: funeral de Lannes .................................................. 106 Capítulo 6 – Contribuição nas Relações Internacionais 1804-1814 ......................... 108 Período Consular (1799-1804): O Passado Diplomático dos Marechais ............. 108 As contribuições em período de conflito (1804-1810) ......................................... 117 Os marechais que queriam ser reis: Bernadotte da Suécia e Murat de Nápoles ... 119 Capítulo 7– Marechais e a Administração do Império ............................................. 126 Governadores Civis e Militares ............................................................................ 126 Os domínios germânicos ...................................................................................... 127 6 A Questão Polaca ................................................................................................. 134 A Quimera Ibérica ................................................................................................ 137 Os Balcãs Napoleónicos ....................................................................................... 144 Um papel secundário ............................................................................................ 146 Parte III - Terror belli, Decus pacis: fazendo a guerra e conquistando o bastão ...... 148 Capítulo 8- Sob a liderança Napoleão 1804-1814 .................................................... 149 Criados para o Sistema de Corpos de Exército..................................................... 149 O Comandante do Corpo de Exército ................................................................... 151 Grand Quartier Général e o Papel de Berthier .................................................... 157 Marechais como exemplo de comando de um corpo de Exército ........................ 159 Soult em Austerlitz 1805, Um Corps d’Armée e Dois Objectivos ....................... 160 Lannes em Saalfeld 1806, quando se tem o primeiro contacto ............................ 162 Davout em Auerstadt 1806, explorando o potencial do Corpo de Exército ......... 164 Apoiando a retirada do exército: Ney e a campanha russa 1812 .......................... 166 Murat e o Corpo de Cavalaria .............................................................................. 168 Exemplos das responsabilidades de uma ocupação militar: Mortier e Ney ......... 169 Capítulo 9- O Marechais e o Peso do Comando Independente ................................ 174 Os primeiros casos: Masséna e Berthier ............................................................... 174 O Problema Peninsular ......................................................................................... 178 A Campanha de 1813 e o Plano Tranchenberg .................................................... 188 Capítulo 10- Os promovidos de 1807-1815: mérito, amizade e redenção ............... 193 7 Os Critérios de Napoleão:o bastão na mochila ..................................................... 193 Glória e Redenção na Vitória: Victor, MacDonald e Gouvion Saint Cyr ............ 195 O substituto de Lannes: Oudinot dos Granadeiros ............................................... 203 Amizade ou mérito? Marmont e a Dalmácia .......................................................
Load more

Recommended publications
  • 9781501756030 Revised Cover 3.30.21.Pdf
    , , Edited by Christine D. Worobec For a list of books in the series, visit our website at cornellpress.cornell.edu. From Victory to Peace Russian Diplomacy aer Napoleon • Elise Kimerling Wirtschaer Copyright © by Cornell University e text of this book is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution- NonCommercial-NoDerivatives . International License: https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/./. To use this book, or parts of this book, in any way not covered by the license, please contact Cornell University Press, Sage House, East State Street, Ithaca, New York . Visit our website at cornellpress.cornell.edu. First published by Cornell University Press Library of Congress Cataloging-in-Publication Data Names: Wirtschaer, Elise Kimerling, author. Title: From victory to peace: Russian diplomacy aer Napoleon / by Elise Kimerling Wirtschaer. Description: Ithaca [New York]: Northern Illinois University Press, an imprint of Cornell University Press, . | Series: NIU series in Slavic, East European, and Eurasian studies | Includes bibliographical references and index. | Identiers: LCCN (print) | LCCN (ebook) | ISBN (paperback) | ISBN (pdf) | ISBN (epub) Subjects: LCSH: Russia—Foreign relations—–. | Russia—History— Alexander I, –. | Europe—Foreign relations—–. | Russia—Foreign relations—Europe. | Europe—Foreign relations—Russia. Classication: LCC DK.W (print) | LCC DK (ebook) | DDC ./—dc LC record available at https://lccn.loc.gov/ LC ebook record available at https://lccn.loc.gov/ Cover image adapted by Valerie Wirtschaer. is book is published as part of the Sustainable History Monograph Pilot. With the generous support of the Andrew W. Mellon Foundation, the Pilot uses cutting-edge publishing technology to produce open access digital editions of high-quality, peer-reviewed monographs from leading university presses.
    [Show full text]
  • The London Times Perspective on Napoleon Bonaparte's Invasion
    East Tennessee State University Digital Commons @ East Tennessee State University Electronic Theses and Dissertations Student Works 8-2012 “We Have to Record the Downfall of Tyranny”: The London imesT Perspective on Napoleon Bonaparte’s Invasion of Russia Julia Dittrich East Tennessee State University Follow this and additional works at: https://dc.etsu.edu/etd Part of the European History Commons, and the Journalism Studies Commons Recommended Citation Dittrich, Julia, "“We Have to Record the Downfall of Tyranny”: The London Times Perspective on Napoleon Bonaparte’s Invasion of Russia" (2012). Electronic Theses and Dissertations. Paper 1457. https://dc.etsu.edu/etd/1457 This Thesis - Open Access is brought to you for free and open access by the Student Works at Digital Commons @ East Tennessee State University. It has been accepted for inclusion in Electronic Theses and Dissertations by an authorized administrator of Digital Commons @ East Tennessee State University. For more information, please contact [email protected]. “We Have to Record the Downfall of Tyranny”: The London Times Perspective on Napoleon Bonaparte’s Invasion of Russia _______________________ A thesis presented to the faculty of the Department of History East Tennessee State University In partial fulfillment of the requirements for the degree Master of Arts in History _______________________ by Julia Dittrich August 2012 _______________________ Dr. Stephen G. Fritz, Chair Dr. Henry J. Antkiewicz Dr. Brian J. Maxson Keywords: Napoleon Bonaparte, The London Times, English Identity ABSTRACT “We Have to Record the Downfall of Tyranny”: The London Times Perspective on Napoleon Bonaparte’s Invasion of Russia by Julia Dittrich “We Have to Record the Downfall of Tyranny”: The London Times Perspective on Napoleon Bonaparte’s Invasion of Russia aims to illustrate how The London Times interpreted and reported on Napoleon’s 1812 invasion of Russia.
    [Show full text]
  • PDF-Download
    UNION DER EUROPÄISCHEN WEHRHISTORISCHEN GRUPPEN UNION OF THE EUROPEAN HISTORICAL MILITARY GROUPS Nr. 049 ZEITSCHRIFT - MAGAZINE Jahrgang 16 - 2020 Jahr der Herausforderungen Year of challenges FELDPOST | FIELD POST HOFARCHIV | COURT ARCHIVE Spanische Grippe und Corona Zauber der Montur: Kommando Spanish flu and Corona Magic of the Uniform: Command Seite 4 / page 4 Seite 18 / page 18 HOFARCHIV | COURT ARCHIVE TRUPPENDIENST | TROUPS SERVICE Militärpferdebedarf/Remontierung 12. Kaiserball Military horse supplies/remounting 12th Imperial Ball Seite 14 / page 14 Seite 23 / page 23 Nr. 049/2020 www.uewhg.eu 1 KOMMANDO - Vorwort Liebe Leserinnen und Leser, liebe Kameradinnen und Kameraden, Das heurige Jahr stellt uns alle vor große Heraus- seine Positionierung zum Schießsport für uns ein forderungen. Die Corona-Pandemie hat in fast je- Grund für diese Entscheidung. dem Lebensbereich ihre Spuren hinterlassen, auch wir in der Traditionspflege waren stark betroffen: Aber auch andere Themen der Traditionspflege haben uns in den letzten Monaten beschäftigt. In • Viele unserer Mitglieder gehören aufgrund ih- den letzten Jahren sind zwischen einigen Traditi- res fortgeschrittenen Alters zur Risikogruppe und onsvereinen und zwischen einigen Einzelpersonen gehören im Speziellen geschützt. Ich darf alle er- in diesen Vereinen die gegenseitige Beobachtung, muntern auch weiterhin trotz guter Entwicklung das gegenseitige Kritisieren und das Ausleben von in den meisten europäischen Ländern in der Aus- Befindlichkeiten stärker spürbar geworden. Uns breitung des Virus mit Bedacht und Vorsicht an allen in der Traditionspflege sollten ein paar Punk- Aktivitäten im Vereinsumfeld heranzugehen. te bewusst sein: • Fast alle unsere Veranstaltungen und Tref- • Einer seriösen Traditionspflege muss eine seriö- fen mussten abgesagt bzw. verschoben werden. se Tradition zugrunde liegen.
    [Show full text]
  • Austerlitz, Napoleon and the Destruction of the Third Coalition
    H-France Review Volume 7 (2007) Page 67 H-France Review Vol. 7 (February 2007), No. 16 Robert Goetz, 1805: Austerlitz, Napoleon and the Destruction of the Third Coalition. Greenhill: London, 2005. 368 pp. Appendices, Maps, Tables, Illustrations and Index. ISBN 1-85367644-6. Reviewed by Frederick C. Schneid, High Point University. Operational and tactical military history is not terribly fashionable among academics, despite its popularity with general readers. Even the “new military history” tends to shun the traditional approach. Yet, there is great utility and significance to studying campaigns and battles as the late Russell Weigley, Professor of History at Temple University often said, “armies are for fighting.” Warfare reflects the societies waging it, and armies are in turn, reflections of their societies. Robert Goetz, an independent historian, has produced a comprehensive account of Austerlitz, emphasizing Austrian and Russian perspectives on the event. “The story of the 1805 campaign and the stunning battle of Austerlitz,” writes Goetz, “is the story of the beginning of the Napoleon of history and the Grande Armée of legend.”[1] Goetz further stresses, “[n]o other single battle save Waterloo would match the broad impact of Austerlitz on the course of European history.”[2] Certainly, one can take exception to these broad sweeping statements but, in short, they properly characterize the established perception of the battle and its impact. For Goetz, Austerlitz takes center stage, and the diplomatic and strategic environment exists only to provide context for the climactic encounter between Napoleon and the Russo-Austrian armies. Austerlitz was Napoleon’s most decisive victory and as such has been the focus of numerous military histories of the Napoleonic Era.
    [Show full text]
  • The Memoirs of General the Baron De Marbot in 2 Volumes
    The Memoirs of General the Baron de Marbot in 2 Volumes by the Baron de Marbot THE MEMOIRS OF GENERAL THE BARON DE MARBOT. Table of Contents THE MEMOIRS OF GENERAL THE BARON DE MARBOT......................................1 Volume I....................................................................2 Introduction...........................................................2 Chap. 1................................................................6 Chap. 2...............................................................11 Chap. 3...............................................................17 Chap. 4...............................................................24 Chap. 5...............................................................31 Chap. 6...............................................................39 Chap. 7...............................................................41 Chap. 8...............................................................54 Chap. 9...............................................................67 Chap. 10..............................................................75 Chap. 11..............................................................85 Chap. 12..............................................................96 Chap. 13.............................................................102 Chap. 14.............................................................109 Chap. 15.............................................................112 Chap. 16.............................................................122 Chap. 17.............................................................132
    [Show full text]
  • Os Marechais De Napoleão
    OS MARECHAIS DE NAPOLEÃO Aspirante Arthur Janeiro Campos Nuñez INTRODUÇÃO Este artigo tem como propósito fazer uma breve ais da Revolução Francesa, ele mudou de forma drás- dissertação sobre a vida e a importância de grandes tica o destino das monarquias e nações europeias. Mas militares que ajudaram a tornar Napoleão Bonapar- nem mesmo o “Pequeno Corso” seria capaz de fazer te um dos nomes mais conhecidos de toda a História. tudo isso sozinho, Napoleão foi auxiliado por vários Para tanto, o artigo abordará a importância dos Ma- gênios em ascensão, principalmente no campo militar. rechais de Napoleão, dando destaque a dois deles, não A Revolução Francesa permitiu que muitos milita- necessariamente os dois melhores ou mais importan- res pudessem demonstrar seu valor por dois motivos: tes, mas que tiveram a oportunidade de demonstrar o o primeiro porque não era mais necessário ser nobre seu valor em momentos-chaves e assim o fizeram. para galgar altas posições no Exército e o segundo por- que não faltavam guerras para a França lutar, devido à A IMPORTÂNCIA DOS MARECHAIS invasão do seu território por outras nações europeias, que tinham medo de a revolução se espalhar para todo Napoleão Bonaparte sem sombra de dúvida foi um o continente. dos maiores líderes políticos e militares de toda a His- Esse cenário possibilitou a ascensão meteórica de tória. Com suas conquistas e com a expansão dos ide- Bonaparte e de seus futuros Comandantes de tropa. REVISTA DE VILLEGAGNON . 2013 125 Em 1804, quando Napoleão foi coroado, ele promo- veu alguns dos seus generais à mais alta patente do exército: Marechal.
    [Show full text]
  • 16, We Begin the Publication of His Diary, So As to Possess in One Single Collection All His Writings Relative to the Congregation and His Ascetic and Mystical Life
    St. EUGENE de MAZENOD DIARY (1791 - 1821) Translated by Michael Hughes, O.M.I. Oblate General Archives Via Aurelia, 290 Rome, 1999 Printed by MARIAN PRESS LTD. BATTLEFORD, SASKATCHEWAN, CANADA Table of Contents pp. Introduction ...................................................................................... 7 A Diary of the Exile in Italy (1721-1802).............................. 11 Introduction.................................................................................. 11 T e x t................................................................................................ 19 B Diary of a Stay in Paris (1805) ............................................ 103 Introduction.................................................................................. 103 T e x t................................................................................................ 109 C Diary of the Aix Christian Youth Congregation (1813-1821) ............................................................................... 121 Introduction.................................................................................. 121 T e x t................................................................................................ 233 D Diary of the Mission of Marignane (November 17 - December 1 5 ,1 8 1 6 )................................... 209 Introduction.................................................................................. 209 T ex t................................................................................................ 213 Illustrations
    [Show full text]
  • Andreas Hofer Und Das Jahr 1809
    Universitäts- und Landesbibliothek Tirol Andreas Hofer und das Jahr 1809 Weber, Beda Innsbruck, 1852 V. Waffenstillstand von Znaim. — Lefebre in Tirol. — Sein Verlust bei Oberau. — Die Baiern unterliegen bei Prutz. - Die Oesterreicher verlassen Tirol. — Hofer siegt bei Innsbruck. — Rusca verläßt ... urn:nbn:at:at-ubi:2-12825 V. Waffenstillstand von Zrraim. —Lefebre in Tirol . —Sein Verlust bei Oberau . — Die Barern unterliegen bei PruH. - Die Oesterreicher verlassen Tirol . — Hofer siegt bei Innsbruck. — Nnsea verläßt Lienz. — Dritte Befreiung Tirols. Mitten in der unbeschreiblichen Verwirrung, die in sol¬ chen Verhältnissen einriß, sandte Napoleon das ganze siebente Armeekorps unter den Befehlen des Marschalls Lefebre über Salzburg nach Tirol. Das sächsische Infanterie-Regiment unter dem Obersten Egloffstein schloß sich aus Paffau ihm an, und wurde zur Vorhut bestimmt. Die Obersten Graf Arko und Oberndorf sollten mit ihren Scharen durchs Achen- thal, die Generäle Legrange und Fromment an die Scharnitz, Lacoste über Füßen nach Reutte, Pkccard von Kempten gegen Jmmenstadt vorrücken, und die Reserven unter Beaumont am Lech sich aufstellen, während die südtirolischen Gränzen durch General Rusca aus Kärnten, durch Perrez von Verona gegen Trient, und durch Castella von Vicenza nach Ampezzo und Pusterthal bedroht waren. Sämmtliche gegen Tirol entsandte Truppen betrugen 50,000 Mann. Zu dieser schon allem sehr furchtbaren Kriegsmacht kam der Rath berechnender Köpfe im Lande, und die Mahnung der bischöflichen Behörde in Salzburg, die Waffen nieder¬ zulegen, und das überall fühlbare Mißtrauen auf die Zu¬ kunft bei der zweifelhaften Haltung Hormayr's uud Buols, um die Geister zu entmuthkgeu. Endlich am IS. Tage nach 97 dem Abschlüsse des Waffenstillstandes traf die amtliche An¬ zeige davon beim General Schmidt ein , und lies an Bnol weiter mit der Mahnung zur Ruhe und Einren¬ kung an die ti'rolischen Landleute .
    [Show full text]
  • PROLOGUE Josephine Beheaded
    PROLOGUE Josephine Beheaded Marble like Greece, like Faulkner’s South in stone Deciduous beauty prospered and is gone . —Derek Walcott, “Ruins of a Great House,” Collected Poems There is a spectacle in Martinique’s gracious Savane park that is hard to miss. The statue honoring one of the island’s most famous citizens, Josephine Tascher, the white creole woman who was to become Napoleon’s lover, wife, and empress, is defaced in the most curious and creative of ways. Her head is missing; she has been decapitated. But this is no ordinary defacement: the marble head has been cleanly sawed off—an effort that could not have been executed without the help of machinery and more than one pair of willing hands—and red paint has been dripped from her neck and her gown. The defacement is a beheading, a reenactment of the most visible of revolutionary France’s punitive and socially purifying acts—death by guillotine. The biographical record shows Josephine born of a slaveholding family of declining fortunes, married into the ranks of France’s minor aristocracy, and surviving the social chaos of the French Revolution, which sentenced countless members of the ancien régime to the guillotine. In the form of this statue, she received her comeuppance in twentieth-century Martinique, where she met the fate that she narrowly missed a century earlier. Scratched on the pedestal are the words—painted in red and penned in creole— “Respe ba Matinik. Respe ba 22 Me” [Respect Martinique. Respect May 22]. The date inscribed here of the anniversary of the 1848 slave rebellion that led to the abolition of slavery on Martinique is itself an act of postcolonial reinscription, one that challenges the of‹cial French-authored abolition proclamation of March 31, 1848, and 2 CULTURAL CONUNDRUMS Statue of Josephine in Fort-de-France, Martinique, today.
    [Show full text]
  • État Sommaire Des Fonds D'archives Privées Série AP
    AVERTISSEMENT TRÈS IMPORTANT Pour approfondir votre recherche, pour remplir une demande de consultation de documents dont l’accès est soumis à une autorisation ou à une dérogation, la consultation de l’État sommaire n’est pas suffisante. Il est indispensable que vous consultiez aussi au préalable les inventaires et répertoires plus détaillés. Ils sont consultables soit en ligne (voir la rubrique « Inventaires et répertoires en ligne »), soit en salle des inventaires des Archives nationales (site de Paris). Les demandes de consultation rédigées uniquement à partir de l’État sommaire risquent de vous être retournées, afin que vous précisiez votre recherche. ÉTAT SOMMAIRE DES FONDS D’ARCHIVES PRIVÉES SÉRIE AP (1 à 680 AP) État revu et mis à jour à la date du 20 juin 2011 Archives nationales (site de Paris) Section des Archives privées AVERTISSEMENT AU LECTEUR Chaque notice de fonds comprend : – la cote du fonds dans la série AP (archives personnelles et familiales), AB XIX (fonds d’érudits et collections d’autographes) ou Mi (microfilm) ; – l’intitulé du fonds ou de la collection : titre que porte le fonds de toute ancienneté (chartrier de Tournon) ou titre forgé sur le nom de son producteur. On a distingué les fonds organiquement constitués, résultant de l’activité d’une personne physique ou morale dans l’exercice de ses activités, des collections de pièces diverses rassemblées par des érudits ou des amateurs d’autographes (collection de Coppet, par exemple). Dans le cas d’un individu isolé, le fonds a reçu pour appellation le prénom et le nom du producteur (fonds Alexandre Millerand) ; dans le cas d’une famille, seul a été retenu le patronyme.
    [Show full text]
  • Ancient, British and World Coins and Medals Auction 74 Wednesday 09 May 2012 10:00
    Ancient, British and World Coins and Medals Auction 74 Wednesday 09 May 2012 10:00 Baldwin's Auctions 11 Adelphi Terrace London WC2N 6EZ Baldwin's Auctions (Ancient, British and World Coins and Medals Auction 74) Catalogue - Downloaded from UKAuctioneers.com Lot: 1001 Lot: 1005 ENGLISH COINS. Early Anglo ENGLISH COINS. Viking Saxon, Primary Sceattas (c.680- Coinage, Cnut, Penny, Cunetti c.710), Silver Sceat, BIIIA, type type, cross crosslet at centre, 27a, diademed head right with CNUT REX, rev short cross at protruding jaw, within serpent centre, pellets in first and third circle, rev linear bird on cross, quarters, within beaded circle, within serpent circle, annulets +CVN::NET::TI, 1.40g (N 501; S either side, pellets above beside 993). Well toned, one or two light bird, 0.87g (N 128; cf S 777B). marks, otherwise nearly Lightly toned, obverse die flaw, extremely fine otherwise well-struck, good very Estimate: £500.00 - £600.00 fine Estimate: £80.00 - £100.00 Lot: 1006 ENGLISH COINS. Viking Lot: 1002 Coinage of York, Danelaw (898- ENGLISH COINS. Early Anglo 915), Cnut, Patriarchal cross, C Saxon, Continental Sceattas N V T at cross ends, R E X in (c.695-c.740), Silver Sceatta, angles with pellets, rev small variety L, plumed bird right, cross, beaded circle around, annulet and pellet beside, rev +EBRAICE CIVITA.:, 1.45g (N standard with five annulets, each 497; S 991). Attractively toned, with central pellet, surmounting practically extremely fine. with old cross, 1.17g (cf N 49; S 791). Old pre-WWII Baldwin stock ticket cabinet tone, attractive extremely Estimate: £500.00 - £600.00 fine with clear and pleasing details Estimate: £80.00 - £100.00 Lot: 1007 ENGLISH COINS.
    [Show full text]
  • De Eeuw Van De Macht
    de eeuw van de macht Richard J. Evans De eeuw van de macht Europa 1815-1914 Vertaald uit het Engels door Het Vertaalcollectief Oorspronkelijke titel: Th e Pursuit of Power. Europe 1815-1914 Oorspronkelijk uitgegeven door: Allen Lane, 2016 © Richard J. Evans, 2016 © Vertaling uit het Engels: Het Vertaalcollectief, 2016 © Nederlandse uitgave: Hollands Diep, Amsterdam 2016 © Omslagfoto: Liligraphie Omslagontwerp: Studio Jan de Boer, Amsterdam Typografi e: Crius Group, Hulshout © Ontwerp landkaarten binnenwerk: András Bereznay, 2016 isbn 978 90 488 3640 6 isbn 978 90 488 3641 3 (e-book) nur 680 www.hollandsdiep.nl www.overamstel.com Hollands Diep is een imprint van Overamstel Uitgevers bv Alle rechten voorbehouden. Niets uit deze uitgave mag worden verveelvoudigd en/of openbaar gemaakt door middel van druk, fotokopie, microfi lm of op welke wijze ook, zonder voorafgaande schriftelijke toestemming van de uitgever. Ter nagedachtenis aan Eric Hobsbawm , 1917-2012 Inhoud Voorwoord 1 De erfenis van de revolutie 2 De paradoxen van vrijheid 3 De Europese lente 4 De sociale revolutie 5 De verovering van de natuur 6 De eeuw van emoties 7 De uitdaging van de democratie 8 De prijs van kolonisatie Bibliografi e Illustratielijst Kaarten Register 7 Voorwoord Dit boek behandelt de geschiedenis van Europa tussen 1815 en 1914 en vormt daarmee het vervolg binnen de Penguin History of Europe op het voorgaande deel in deze serie, Th e Pursuit of Glory (2007), over de periode 1648 tot 1815. Zoals de auteur van dat briljante werk , mijn collega aan de University of Cambridge Tim Blanning , op- merkt, moet elke geschiedenis van Europa bij een willekeurig gekozen jaartal aanvangen, maar zijn sommige jaartallen minder willekeurig dan andere.
    [Show full text]