National Fortnightly for Christian Leadership April 2011 Vol.1 No.8 ` 15

SMART COMPANIONINDIA

Nuclear Dilemma Anna Hazare Romero’s Social Gospel Cardinal Varkey Vithayathil SAMPURNA MONTFORT COLLEGE (Institute of Counselling Psychology)

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Sampurna Montfort College, 184 Old Madras Road, Indiranagar, Bangalore-560038 Tel : + 9180-25283320 / 25284050, Fax +91-80-25280358 E.mail : [email protected] or [email protected] Website : www.sampurnamontfort.com Editorial

SAMPURNA MONTFORT COLLEGE Easter in

(Institute of Counselling Psychology) pril 9, Saturday. Jantar Mantar of Delhi, the nerve-centre of the campaign Aagainst corruption was in a festive mood, every one dancing, singing, and drumming. Anna Hazare had just called off his 98-hour hunger strike, by taking a COURSES OFFERED: glass of water from a little girl. It was so Easter-like, a moment of hope and happiness that spread across the * Ph.D in Counselling / Clinical Psychology country and even beyond. In two hundred cities across India, thousands of college * M.Sc in Counselling Psychology students, young executives and housewives had joined the campaign. Since autumn, * M.Sc in Psychology the country was reeling under the heat of blatant corruption. The Commonwealth Games, the 2-G Spectrum deals and Mumbai Flat Deals, saw politicians in their all * P.G Diploma in Counselling Psychology time low, robbing even from war time widows. All these geared up the momentum for people’s rebellion. Clad in white tunic and trousers and a Gandhi cap Anna Hazare told a thousand- strong crowd of supporters, “There would be another campaign, if the law doesn’t get enacted by August 15,” referring to India’s independence day. This victory paralleled with the Easter triumph, but it was not without its Good Friday. About it he says, “I am not scared of death. I have no family to cry over me and if I die while doing something for the country I would be happy.” His long term commitment for social justice landed him often on the way of the CERTIFICATE PROGRAMMES cross. As an ordinary ex-serviceman, he fought against injustice, poverty and depri- * Intensive Training Programme in Basic Skills in Counselling vation which robbed humans their freedom and dignity. “Believe in my works”, he could say, as he changed Ralegaon Siddhi in Maharashtra, his poor home village, into (2nd - 21st May, 2011) a model for development and self-sufficiency. * Basic Skills in Counselling – Starting from 3rd September 2011 In 1995-96, he forced the Sena-BJP government in Maharashtra to drop two cor- (25 Saturdays, 2pm – 6pm) rupt Cabinet Ministers. In 2003, he forced the Congress- NCP coalition to set up an investigation against four ministers. His struggle also led to the implementation of * Intensive 1 week Training programmes in (dates to be announced):- the Right to Information (RTI) bill. - Marriage & Family Therapy - Art Therapy While such Good Fridays and Easters were happening, where were the Indian - Child / Adolescent Counselling - Spiritual Counselling Christians? What role did we play in these social movements? Anna’s fast unto death was organized and supported by INA (India Against Cor- ruption). Among its founding members, was the Delhi Archbishop Vincent M Con- cessao. Others included Anna Hazare, Swami Ramdev, Sri Sri Ravishankar, Mahmood COUNSELLING AND CLINICAL SERVICES Madani, Swami Agnivesh, Kiran Bedi, Justice D S Tewatia, Arvind Kejriwal, Medha Sampurna Psychological Services Centre Patkar… *Individual Counselling / Psychotherapy *Play Therapy But for a few, the Church looked like being among the passive onlookers. Did the of India support this Satyagraha in our cities and dioceses? We do *Psychological Assessment *Couples Therapy / Counselling have a lesson here. Jesus is still being persecuted, made to carry crosses ‘too heavy’ *Family Therapy / Counselling *Career Counselling to bear, stripped off clothes, robbed off dear ones, and left to die in desolation. *Group Therapy Individuals and Institutions have been coming up with initiatives and movements to counteract ‘evil’, spreading its tentacles in multifarious forms. Are we able to watch out and discern such struggles for justice from their Family Counselling Centre budding stage and co-operate with them? Our Christian duty is not only to This centre is partly supported by Central Social Welfare Board, provides free initiate such struggles for justice but also to co-operate with similar struggles in a country where we are a thin minority. Then and then only will Easter become Counselling services for Children, Adults, Couples and Families an experience of liberation for our brothers and sisters. Let the Church be ready to pass through the Good Friday so that the Easter becomes a festival of hope and justice for all Sampurna Montfort College, 184 Old Madras Road, Indiranagar, Dr. Jacob Naluparayil Bangalore-560038 Cheif Editor Tel : + 9180-25283320 / 25284050, Fax +91-80-25280358 E.mail : [email protected] or [email protected] Smart Companion India April 2011 3 Website : www.sampurnamontfort.com National Fortnightly for Christian Leadership April 2011 Vol.1 No.8 ` 15 PATRONS SMART COMPANIONINDIA Vol.1 No. 8 April 2011

Managing Editor Dr. George Therukattil Chief Editor Dr. Jacob Naluparayil Executive Editor Sr. Leela Jose Cardinal Cardinal Executive Editor Thomas K.J. (Online Edition) Sub Editor Sr. Virginia BS Contributing Editors Allwyn Fernandes (Crisis Communications, RIP Mumbai), Cyril D’Souza SDB (Religious Education, Rome), Felix Raj SJ (Education, Kolkatta),Francis Gonsalves SJ (Contextual Catholicos Cardinal Theologies, Delhi),Godfrey D’Lima SJ (Social Baselios Mar Cleemis Varkey Vithayathil Activism, Maharashtra), Jacob Parappally MSFS (Dogmatic Theology, Bengaluru), Joe Andrew SDB (Media, Chennai), John Dayal (Human Rights Journalist, Delhi), Subhash Anand (Indian Philosophy and Religions, Udaipur), Virginia Saldanha (Women’s Issues, Mumbai) MCBS Provincial Design Cibin Moothedam Francis Kodiyan Photo Nias Marikar Illustrations Sathish Krishna Advisory Board Circulation Thomas Kuzhiyadichira Rev. Henry D’Souza Advertisement Shibu John (Bishop, Bellary) Rev. Steven Rotluanga Regional Correspondents (Bishop, Aizawl) Adolf Washington (Bengaluru), Joseph S. (Varanasi), Rev. Felix Toppo (Bishop, Jamshedpur) Ivan D’Silva SVD (Arunachal), Santosh Digal (Orissa), Sr. Santan Nago FS Santosh Sebastian (Gorakhpur), Shane Alliew (Kolkatta) (Superior General, Fatima Sisters, Pune) George Plathottam SDB (CBCI Media Commission) EDITORIAL DIRECTOR Felix Wilfred DR. JACOB SRAMPICKAL SJ (Asian Centre for Cross Cultural Studies, Madras) Jose Kavi Editorial Office (UCAN, Delhi) SMART COMPANION INDIA Kalpaka Bungalow Perumanoor P.O. Thevara, Kochi - 680 215 National Fortnightly for Christian Leadership April 2011 Vol.1 No.8 ` 15

Kerala, INDIA. SMART COMPANIONINDIA [email protected] website : www.smartcompanion.in Contact : 0484 - 2334766, 09447679783

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4 Smart Companion India April 2011 leader moulds 8 l Courtyard of the Gentiles An initiative of the Vatican’s PCC to foster dialogue between believers and non believers. 16 l Anna Hazare The icon of strength that can bend the ‘mighty’ 18 l Romero’s Social Gospel A challenge to incarnate Jesus’ message today 20 l Women Washing Feet An inclusive practice of the command of Jesus 22 l Civic Consciousness and Church A good Christian is a also a good citizen 24 l Diocesan Administration Canon law explained 29 l Cardinal Varkey Vithayathil 26 12 faith matters 26 l Servant Leaders Priesthood in the Church is a call to emulate Jesus who ‘came to serve’ 32 l Do This in Memory of Me Reflections on Maundy Thursday 30 l The Power of Parish Groups Guided and motivated groups can enrich parish life 40 l Logos Inspiring exegetic journey through the Sunday Gospels interviews news & views 9 l Ten Questions 10 l Top Ten Bishop Sebastian Kallupura of Buxar Top Christian news across the globe takes the questions 12 l Nuclear Dilemma 38 l Uproot Casteism The risks and gains of nuclear energy Dr. Joseph D’Souza. President of the Dalit Freedom 33 l Top Five Network international and All India Christian Council Important Christian news across the country 34 l Islamic Backlash? A historical journey through the causes of mis- media understanding between the West and the Muslim 42 l Film: The Social Network world A Hollywood film about the modern technology of networking 34 regulars 3 l Editorial 6 l Readers’ Voices CONTENTS READERS’ VoICEs

National Fortnightly for Christian Leadership March 2011 Vol.1 No.7 ` 15

SMART e invite our readers to send us your thoughts, opinions COMPANIONREADERSINDIA ’ V oICEs Wand comments on the articles carried in this issue. This column is meant to encourage a lively exchange of ideas be- tween the readers and the editorial team. Your contributions can further compliment and clarify what is covered within the space

Mercy Killing  Climate Change  limit. Do continue to get back to us with your ‘voices’. Women in the Church  Survival stories from Japan  Editor The neglected half empower women. However they to experience sand values. Most Women’s empowerment is are saying things which the author- often simple issues are blown up indeed a major challenge to the ity in the Church is aware of. I to big problems. A bit more of Indian Church. I feel it a heavy was happy to read that an young understanding and friendship from log made heavier with long term bishop of Buxar in Bihar has taken parents can help a lot. Today’s practice. And yet modern society the ‘risk’ to appoint a religious sis- youth are surrounded by many has already opted to change the ter as the treasurer of the diocese. more temptations and choices. male dominating trends. Women That is a good beginning and a What is important is to befriend are proving themselves even more commendable example to follow. children from childhood. Parent- efficient team builders in compa- Bishops and superiors can do ing is not mere controlling. It is nies and firms. They have a very much because they are in decision being lovingly ‘present’ to children. special way of going about it as making roles. We need more such Thanks Valentine for touching on they appeal more to the heart bishops with a prophetic vision, issues that matter. rather than to the intellect. Why to lead the way. However the ball Chaumayne Diaz not the Church in India take the comes back to women themselves Mangalore. risk and let women be included in as they need to empower them- Thrilling story all spheres of its life? Of course selves through training and deep It was a rewarding experience it will require that women be faith asserting their womanhood. to read the story of the church trained and educated in matters Sr. Assunta Maria in Chotanagpur. The struggles of management, theology, phi- Hyderabad. of those missionaries who toiled losophy and ethics. Why is the Educative selflessly did bear much fruit. I Church so afraid to entrust her Going through ‘Achy hearts’ - was especially touched by the way treasures and positions to women, on teenage romances, I felt my the Christian community has suc- who are keepers of the best of our own story retold. Thanks for the ceeded to grow at all levels, even possessions – our future genera- enlightenment. The world of the politically. And they have a tribal tion? Do the Church authorities parents and of children is very cardinal as well!! I think it is a good buy the prejudiced dictum of different, especially with regard media advertisements that women the Church and the court. I believe the times demand to are good ONLY to buy washing state more clearly that the Church stands for the truth in powder and soaps? The Church all things and what that truth is. This is the hallmark of has changed in this regard only in Benedict XVI brought out clearly in the interview in his documents and pronouncements. book, The Light of the World. It appears the Supreme The attitudes prevail. Astrid is Court tried to tread a line between applying scriptural belief and the truth that appeals to the man made in the very powerful in her argument image of God. It could have used “dying with dignity” for women. Proof that we have instead of “passive euthanasia” and avoided the pitfall of women with mettle among us! Euthanasia virtually sanctioning the removal of feeding and killing Jenny Johnson Illathuparampil’s by starvation; its uneasiness is shown by the fact that it Amritsar. article on euthanasia ruled that even in such a case nothing less than a High (March 2011) ended Court authority can approve such an action. Its recom- Prophetic voices by differentiating mendation to remove “Attempt to Suicide” from the Both Virginia Saldanha and between the stand of Criminal statutes is a pointer in the same direction. Astrid Lobo Gajiwala gave rare insights and valid suggestions to R P Coelho, Bangalore

6 Smart Companion India April 2011 Smart Companion India April 2011 7 READERS’ VoICEs

lesson for all. The Church has to READERS’ Vimplant itself takingoICE the locals into sArt is divine confidence. It is the Church that Jyoti Sahi’s insights on art has to adapt and not the people to really enlightened me much. the Church. Jesus is beyond all cul- Never knew the Church has tures and so all cultures are equally such a great artist right amidst acceptable to all. I am looking for- us! I feel we Christians are ward to know the stories of other slow to such knowledge and communities across India. Thanks vision about art. Thanks to Fr. Alex for the lovely sharing. Companion for bringing him Fr. Noble Gomes to us. Patiala . Aloysius Vaz, Euthanasia debate Delhi. Moral theologian Dr. Mathew Illathuparampil’s reflection on titude prevailing among us. I realize in queue with us lay people for Church’s position on mercy killing there are so many little things we the buffet lunch after meetings. was very precise and educative. I can do to conserve Nature. Our I used to be surprised initially. I read an article recently in the edit pastors need to take the initiative to was happy to read the interview page of Deccan Herald (March 19, relate this issue to our spirituality. and I felt he was speaking his 2011) on the same issue. The writ- The human tragedy is taught best heart out. May his tribe increase! er Sudhanshu Ranjan argued that by the story of the goose that laid Anthony J. P. Pope John Paul II had succumbed the golden egg! Delhi. to euthanasia when he died on Jeevana Prabhu Towards Networking April 3rd, 2005. He wrote, “The Delhi. I felt happy reading through pope’s refusal to return to hospi- Inclusive Church COMPANION. Good look, tal despite being informed of the The editorial was really power good content and above all in- gravity of his situation again threw packed! I was wondering how teresting to read through. I hope up the debate whether critically ill many editorials it will take before this new entrant among Christian patients have the right to spend women could be heard, accepted magazines contribute to link the their remaining lives on their own and involved in weightier matters different Churches and believers. terms or they should be subjected of the Church! Actually an inclu- Networking is a major chal- to full-scale medical intervention. sive language can come only when lenge for the Church today, and The pontiff preferred to remain at an inclusive mind set comes in. a necessary one. I was impressed the Vatican in his third-floor apart- Only women I feel can bring about to see that an editorial team from ment overlooking St Peter’s Square such changes by constant assertion different religious Congregations, and he died quietly.” I think we of their rights as well as by self dioceses, and rites working to- need to reflect much more on this respect. gether to bring out this magazine. issue. There are no short cut an- Sr. Sheila SRA That itself is a good beginning swers to this problem as it involves Varanasi. in Networking. In the present lot of human elements. True Shepherd situation it is time that we forget differences and highlight com- Veronica Alva I have known Archbishop Vin- Mangalore. cent for almost ten years. I was all monalities. A Church with inner Concern for the while inspired by his simplicity. splits is more tragic than a church Climate change So unassuming that he is, he could that is targeted from out. The article on climate change be approached without any appre- Sr. Ancy Fernandes was an eye opener. I must congrat- hensions. I have seen him standing Pune. ulate the author for making such COMP a subject so very interesting. I feel Send your Letters to: [email protected] this issue has to become a major concern even in our faith life. We Smart COMPANION INDIA cannot go on without caring for Kalpaka Bungalow, Perumanoor P.O. the earth God created. “What have Kochi Kerala - 680 215, India. I to do with it?” is the general at- Call & SMS 0484 2664733/094476 79783

6 Smart Companion India April 2011 Smart Companion India April 2011 7 vatican trends

ously secularized and religious. He n initiative of the Pontifical alliance between believers and non-believers will give liberty and said that dialogue between differ- ACouncil for Culture: a two- day ent visions of the world and of meeting and dialogue between believers democracy their meaning,” said Amato, the former Italian Presi- man is to be encouraged. and non-believers in Paris, on 24 and 25 Fabrice Hadjadj, a writer and March. dent. Aziza Bennani, Moroccan ambassador to UNESCO, stressed philosopher, pointed out that that The Paris headquarters of there must be no fear in posing UNESCO has launched a new the decisive role women have in society. questions on God and faith. forum for dialogue between believ- Jean Vanier, founder of L’Arche ers and non-believers. The forum Henri Lopes, former prime minister of Congo, and the ambas- Community, stressed that there is a is named: ‘The Courtyard of the power of transformation in every Gentiles’. It evokes “the image sador of that country to France and UNESCO, said this dialogue look directed to wounded human- of the vast area near the Temple ity. “Encounter is more important of Jerusalem reserved for debates will promote a culture of peace in the world, beyond European and than dialogue to establish a rela- between Jews and non-Jews,” said tionship of trust,” he said. Cardinal Gianfranco Ravasi, the Western borders. Pavel Fisher, former Francesco Fol- President of the Pontifical Council lo, permanent ob- for Culture. ambassador of the Czech Republic server of the Holy The Council for Culture took up See to UNESCO, a suggestion of Benedict XVI to to France, emphasized said there can create a space for dialogue “with be no human- those to whom religion is some- the search for meaning ism without thing foreign, to whom God is respect for unknown” (Benedict XVI, Dec. in a world 21, 2009). The French capital was that is si- chosen to launch the forum be- multa- cause of its symbolic status as the ne- home of Enlightenment. The two- day forum discussed the topic: “Lights, Religions, Common Sense.” Significant personalities from dif- ferent walks of life participated at the meeting. “The

the per- son. The defense of this nature is the crux in the bioethics debate, he explained. The forum tends to promote harmony in the world without renouncing each one’s identity. COMP

8 Smart Companion India April 2011 Smart Companion India April 2011 9 shepherd’s voice 10 Questions

Rev. Sebastian Kallupura is a rare bishop. He has no formal training either from Rome or from any Western countries. He has been a missionary at heart, seriously committed to the development of the poor. Buxar, a young diocese carved out from Patna, is probably the poorest in India. The 57 year old was consecrated bishop on 21st June, 2009 at Buxar.

1. Physiognomy of your dio- message of ‘liberty to the poor’ has Sebastian_kallupura Bishop, Buxar cese? great scope here. The diocese has no income 5. Gender discrimination? cate Jesus – his love, Compassion, generating institutions. Of the 14 Women constitute 50% of his acceptance and respect for all parishes (Mission Centres), ten thefaithful. Yet their representa- categories of people. That is the have to be regularly supported by tion in the administration/decision way to make his Kingdom become the diocese. Most of our financial making platforms of the Church a reality among us today. The liability arises from the education is minimal. This is due to the pa- natural outcome would be greater of our children, in schools and ternalistic tradition of the Church sense of dignity, respect for each hostels. I have tremendous trust down the centuries. Certain other, and peaceful co-existence. in the providence of the Lord. If prejudices of men like “women are I am particular that all our minis- these are His people, His diocese, weak”, “they cannot keep secrets”, tries should gear to this goal – to He will take care of them. etc. could also be the reason for honour every one as human beings 2. Maturity in faith? not taking women into confidence and in turn promote human values. Although Buxar diocese is just in the Church. That is why I have taken the motto, five years old, Christianity here has 6. Church’s global status? “Honour to all”. a history of 75 years. I would say Family values are no more the 9. Atrocities against Chris- this community is steadily grow- monopoly of the Church. Wom- tians? ing in faith. It certainly has its ups en Religious congregations are What we need to learn is to re- and downs, as with the Israelites in dwindling. Although the Official spect and honour people of other the Bible. In their simple faith they Church exists with all its adminis- faiths, establish simple human witness to Jesus, their Lord and trative structures, Christian life is relationships with them. I have the Saviour. waning away. This situation points experience of working with many 3. The socio-economic condi- to the fact that women necessarily NGOs, comprising of people from tions? need to play more tangible roles in different religions. I did not find Any casual visitor will imme- the Church today. them hostile towards me or my diately be struck by the lack of 7. Women’s participation in community. We are called to be proper roads, non-electrified rural your diocese? “light and salt”. When we forget areas, and substandard government I believe, it all starts with educa- that we become easy targets to schools, with no toilets or hygiene. tion. The diocese is committed to others. All our good works get Buxar has more of poor, dalit the education of girls. We strive to masqueraded by our arrogant and Christians. The rich in the State bring in capable women to respon- superior attitudes. We are igno- of Bihar make use of the State, sible administrative roles. We are rant of the language and cultural its systems as well as the poor for aware that we must stop treating specificities of our ‘neighbours’. their own advancement. The real women religious and lay collabora- Mutual respect is a must for peace- reason for the backwardness of tors, merely as staff of the clerics. ful societies. Bihar is lack of civic sense along They also must have decision 10. Empowering the poor? with the evils of caste system. making power. I have appointed Education has to do a lot with- 4. Possible remedies? an efficient woman religious as the empowerment. Insight into the A little more of social sense and Diocesan Bursar. In the beginning reasons for one’s backwardness can concern for the other can do a lot there were apprehensions. It is help people to come out of their to change the present situation of expected in the case of all changes. slavish conditions. Catholic Church the State. Education and conscien- 8. Your dream for Buxar dio- is particularly committed to this tisation of the poor and the dalits cese? area. Our social service initiatives is a crucial factor. The Church is My first priority is that Buxar directly address people’s develop- basically into this and hence the becomes an Evangelizing Church. mental issues. resistance from the rich. Jesus’ Our presence should Communi- Interviewed by K.C. Philip, SJ COMP 8 Smart Companion India April 2011 Smart Companion India April 2011 9 international news 123456789

Maynooth Seminary to be Closed Youngest Patriarch Ireland 1According to The Irish Catholic newspaper, the 216- 4 Ukraine year old Maynooth College, (Ireland’s largest Catholic The bishops of the largest Eastern fold in communion seminary) is to shut down. The historic shift would with Rome have elected the youngest of their number -- bring an end to concerns about falling academic and 40 year-old Sviatoslav Shevchuk as head of the church. formation standards at Maynooth. The Seminary has A moral theologian and graduate of Rome’s Angelicum, been educating Irishmen for the priesthood since 1795. New York’s Archbishop, Timothy M. Dolan, during his Studies of Philosophy. It has placed renewed emphasis recent Apostolic Visitation, recommended Pope Bene- on metaphysics. Ttitled ‘Ecclesia semper est reforman- dict XVI to move all Irish seminarians to a reformed da’ it responds “to the new demands of ecclesial life in and restructured Pontifical Irish College in Rome. It changing historical-cultural circumstances. This involves would reduce the entry of non-Irish students to make the academic world as well,” Cardinal Grocholewski said. way for the Irish seminarians. There are currently 66 “On the other hand there is the conviction - expressed seminarians for Irish dioceses at Maynooth, 18 at the in John Paul II’s 1998 Encyclical ‘Fides et ratio’ - of Irish College in Rome, seven at the Beda College in the importance of the metaphysical component of phi- Rome and seven at St Joseph’s Seminary in Belfast. losophy. On the other, there are shortcomings in philo- Secret Church sophical formation at many ecclesiastical institutions. 2 Czechoslovakia Vatican Calls Catholic Bloggers Throughout the 41 years of Communist rule in Rome Czechoslovakia an underground network of groups 5A meeting for Catholic bloggers will take place and individuals kept the Catholic faith alive. Last in Rome on the afternoon of Monday 2 May 2011. week, their achievement was belatedly honoured at a It is organised by the Pontifical Councils for Cul- moving ceremony at Vienna’s UN-City Church. The ture and Social Communications, with the aim of a group is called “Koinótés” (community) and was dialogue between bloggers and Church representa- founded by the late Bishop Felix Maria Davidek . tives. The Church wants to achieve a greater under- During his 14 years’ incarceration he jotted down on standing of the needs of the blogger community. In lavatory paper his meticulous plans for the Church’s two panels, speakers will open up some of the key survival in an atheistic, Communist dictatorship. issues to imitate a discussion. The first panel will in- Released from jail in 1964, he immediately began to volve five bloggers, chosen to represent different lan- put his plans into action. He gathered many commit- guage groups. The second panel will draw on people ted Catholics around him and taught them theology. involved in the Church’s communications outreach. Up to 1967, these were sent abroad to be ordained clandestinely in Germany or . Married men and Vatican Wins Crucifix Case women were ordained as priests because they were less suspected by the Regime. The group remained 6 Miraculous Escape faithful to Christ in spite of terrible sufferings. The Grand Chamber of the European Court of Hu- Reform of Philosophy Studies man Rights has upheld the right of Italy to display cru- cifixes in its public school classrooms. It is a big win Rome for the Vatican in terms of church/state relations in 3The Vatican Congregation for Catholic Education has Europe. The November 2009 ruling by the Court of published a new Decree on the Reform of Ecclesiastical Human Rights, had held that the display of crucifixes

10 Smart Companion India April 2011 Smart Companion India April 2011 11 123456789T P 10

Shevchuk has spent practically all his 16-year priest- Ballymurphy estate in Belfast in October 1971. They had hood in priestly formation, serving as a vice-dean been there just for 18 months. Although it is recorded of theology, vice-rector and rector at the UGCC’s that Mother left on her own accord, an Irish sister, Ei- seminary in Lviv. The decision is confirmed by leen Sweeney, who arrived in the house the day after the Pope Benedict XVI. The newly elect will be en- departure of the Missionaries found a letter by the moth- throned as major-archbishop of Kiev on Sunday er which read, ‘Bishop I feel sorry for you. What you at the new patriarchal seat, still under construction, said was most unkind . . .’ Father Des Wilson, who was in the historic birthplace of Russian Christianity. involved in inviting Mother Teresa to Ballymurphy, said parish priest Canon Murphy never quite approved them. violated European standards of religious freedom. Vatican spokesperson Jesuit Fr. Federico Lombardi People Before Profits? and Joseph Weiler, the New York-based attorney 9 Japan who represented Vatican and the appealing Europe- The Fukushima Daiichi power plant disaster has become an Coalition, released separate statements. The lat- a textbook example of what not to do in an emergency. ter, a Jew argued that curbing Italy’s right to express After a gigantic earthquake and a devastating tsunami, its religious identity would be a blow not just to the Japan now has a nuclear crisis which is becoming a case Catholic Church, but to religious freedom generally. study in bad crisis management. The Tokyo Electric Church in Impasse Power Company (TEPCO), which runs the plant, and the Japanese government need to change the way they re- 7 Italy lease critical information in a crisis. Does it place a higher More than 22,000 “boat people,” many fleeing po- value on profit than it did on human life? For example, litical unrest in Tunisia and Libya, have arrived on TEPCO delayed using sea water to cool the reactors the tiny Italian island of Lampedusa this year. The because it was concerned about the damage salt water immigration problem has become an unprecedented would do to its assets. This points to a bigger problem in challenge to the Church. The “right to emigrate” was crisis management, worldwide and not just in Japan: lack defended in a 1952 apostolic constitution by Pope of training in ethical decision-making in emergencies. Pius XII. Pope Benedict XVI had recently noted, Grading Bishops Jesus was himself a refugee when the Holy Family fled into Egypt. Faced with a massive inflow, Cardi- 10Austria, EU nal Angelo Bagnasco, president of the Italian bish- In a press release on Thursday the “Lay Initiative” ops’ conference, has called on Europe to recognize called on Austrian Catholics to evaluate their bishops. that Italy cannot handle the migration flow by itself. On their website, they have made available a simple form However, several groups and newspapers have pro- for this purpose. Herbert Kohlmaier (People’s Party), the posed that the Church open up convents, seminar- chairman of the lay Initiative and a former parliament ies and its own unrented apartments to immigrants, member said Lent is the appropriate time for faithful to to ‘walk the talk’. In Italy, immigrants make up ap- grade their bishops. “Questionnaire for Evaluation of proximately 7.5 percent of the total population. Bishops” follows criteria to check leadership qualities, human friendliness, solidarity with people, openness, ‘Mother’ Unwelcome in Belfast encouragement of ecumenism and lay collaboration, Ireland especially of lay women, alliance with Catholic associa- 8 tions and organizations, and finally supervisory quali- A recent BBC documentary brings interesting sto- ries about Mother Teresa quitting Belfast. Mother and ties. According to the group, the hierarchy is account- able to the people for whom they are given a mandate. four other Missionaries of Charity left the troubled COMP

10 Smart Companion India April 2011 Smart Companion India April 2011 11 focus international Nuclear Dilemma

In the aftermath of the Japanese nuclear tragedy there is an outcry from all corners to do away with nuclear power as an energy source. Do the fears balance the benefits?, asks the writter

he baby with the bathwa- nuclear power projects at the These images of post Chernobyl Tter debate was everywhere invitation of French electricity Europe return now after what hap- in Europe and US in 1986 when agency, France had raised its share pened in Japan. It seems the sup- I was there on assignment. The of nuclear energy in the total of port for and opposition to nuclear clouds from the damaged nuclear electricity generated to 75 per cent power runs like a see-saw. In the reactor at Chernobyl in Ukraine coming from 58 reactors. It had United States the immediate post were moving over Europe raining also built the fast breeder reac- war years saw great support. The radioactivity up to the northern tor titled Super Phoenix. Going US Government even proclaimed limits of Scotland. Everybody through this fast breeder, I was the Atoms for Peace project under was cursing nuclear power and told that the structure housing the which many third world countries the soothsayers were even pre- reactor is so strong that even if a were given assistance to build their dicting Armageddon. “No more wide-bodied aircraft crashes on it, nuclear power reactors. A turn key nuclear power reactors,” European no damage would be caused to the project was set up at Tarapur in countries were saying with just one reactor containment dome. One Maharashtra – the early design of exception. hopes that no such incident takes a boiling water type with America That exception was France. In place to test the veracity of this supplying the uranium fuel. The 1991 when I was touring French claim. Canadians then came up with their

12 Smart Companion India April 2011 Smart Companion India April 2011 13 Alternative Energy

term danger is in the disposal of waste products. Spent uranium rods contain the highest level of Dr. Ambrose Pinto SJ toxins and radiation. They are Principal, St. Joseph’s College, required to be stored in facilities Bengaluru that provide secure and protec- The situation in Japan is a tive barriers to prevent theft or reminder that nuclear energy exposure to soil or water. Most is outside the limits of human of these facilities are located deep safeguards. Besides teh threats underground. Low-level waste is from natural calamities, Nuclear also a concern. A more serious Plants are dangerous right from danger associated with nuclear the initial mining operations to power plants is the threat of ter- gather uranium to the final stages rorism. Given the fact, there are of disposing the by-products. terrorists acts taking place even The greatest fear is a severe in the developed countries more accident in the nuclear reactor. frequently now, the nuclear plants If the meltdown becomes too are likely to pose greater danger severe, the radioactive elements for human survival. Can’t we con- within the core will be released centrate on wind, solar and wave into the atmosphere. The long- projects as better strategy?

of the total electricity generated in The same fears are at work in that country. As the Time maga- the world today, after the Fuku- zine reported: “Even before the shima incident; more so in Asia earthquake-Tsunami, the endlessly where China, India, South Korea, hyped US nuclear revival was stum- North Korea, Pakistan, Iran, etc bling, pummelled by skyrocketing have incipient large nuclear power costs, stagnant demand and skittish programmes. China, India and CANDU type that is considered investors.” It has hardly anything South Korea have to import oil even more safe and economical de- to do with safety considerations. and so too Japan. It has already 54 sign but that uses heavy water both The picture in Europe and Japan nuclear reactors supplying 29 per as a moderator and as a coolant as was quite different. The oil shock cent of its electricity requirement. against light water in the American of 1974 alerted Europe to the risk Obviously, despite the present model. of depending entirely on the oil nuclear accident, Japan cannot The public support for nuclear and gas that needed to be imported afford to shut down its n-power power dwindled in the US soon to generate power and for heating generators, especially when it needs after the Three Mile Island incident purposes. France under President more power in the coming years of in 1979 when the controls in the De Gaulle had embarked on an in- reconstruction after the extensive n-power plant went haywire and dependent path to rescue its power damages. a meltdown was feared though it need from imported oil. Both China and India are racing was ultimately controlled. In that After the fears raised from across the globe looking for oil and country, power utilities are largely the Chernobyl incident most of gas resources. India’s oil import has privately owned and selection of Europe ended their nuclear power already crossed 150 million tons technology is largely dependent on programme or slowed it down. and is expected to double by 2020- cost advantage. Gas is perceived as The fear of a nuclear accident even 25, depending upon our growth a less polluting option for energy in one country causing extensive rate. The Kirit Parikh committee generation compared to oil and radioactive pollution across several on Integrated Energy Policy (2006) coal. Despite the public concerns countries poisoning plants, soil, found that even for an eight per on the safety of nuclear power and man and animals, possibly across cent growth rate to be sustained the domestic availability of oil and the entire European continent and over a 2031-32 time framework, we gas, even as the prices of these de- parts of Eurasian land mass was would need “basic capacities in the celerated, as many as 104 reactors the main deterrent to spread of energy sector and related physical are working supplying 20 per cent the nuclear power. infrastructure…grow by factors

12 Smart Companion India April 2011 Smart Companion India April 2011 13 of 3 to 7 times alongside a 20 fold increase in nuclear power and a 40- Wise Stewardship fold increase in renewable energy.” The choice is not either or nuclear must be encouraged. Christian energy versus renewables but all of principle of wise stewardship or them. Subsequent to this report, care for the whole creation, urges Jose Palakeel MST the Churches to seek an energy the national GDP growth rate is Director IMPACT, Kochi nine percent in the coming year strategy based on just and moder- rising to double digit growth rate From Hiroshima to Fukushima ate consumption of earth’s re- in the 13th Plan onwards. Neither via Chernobyl, humanity is chal- sources and investment in natural, India, nor China, nor Japan can lenged to rethink the nuclear renewable processes. This would consider its course ahead regard- option in power generation. The attribute value to the environment ing nuclear power, without taking energy sector implies highly con- not merely for its usefulness to into consideration this massive centrated political and economic humankind but as God’s creation. oil import scenario in a dwindling power. The nuclear path may be A non-nuclear, low-carbon energy worldwide fossil fuel situation. apparently easier for governments and substantial investment in That Japan which was the first to meet energy demand in a short natural and renewable sources of and only victim so far of nuclear term. But the long term solu- energy is of greater benefit to hu- weapons has opted for large scale tion private enterprises to gener- mankind. What about harnessing nuclear power has its own lessons. ate power locally through simple the solar energy plentifully avail- For all the fears that the anti-nu- hydro-bio-solar-tidal-wind projects able in this tropical country? clear movement has been voicing, with the support of many eminent scientists, many European coun- damage when first the earthquake not necessarily mean that in a tries have significant number of struck. The shut down and cooling situation of severe intensity our nuclear reactors supplying power. systems went into action automati- coastal nuclear power plants would Country NR/ES cally. However, the power failure behave safely and there would be France 58 (75%) accompanying earthquake dis- no radioactive leak. UK 20 (20%) rupted the working of this system. What the tsunami event tells us Switzerland 05 (40%) Soon the tsunami threw enormous is that we need to have a thorough Sweden 10 (40%) quantities of water on the diesel look at the safety levels. To go Spain 10 (20%) generators that are used as a back back to Chernobyl, it was found Russia 30 (20%) up when the main power supply afterwards that Chernobyl accident Belgium 10 (55%) fails in an accident. The diesel occurred not because the safety Germany 20 (30%) generators then failed to work and systems did not work but because (NR: No. of Nuclear Reactors, ES: Energy Supply) thereby crippled the secondary some technicians who were not Finland, Ukraine, Slovakia, defensedefence mechanism in the authorized to conduct safety tests Bulgaria are some of the other reactor. Normally a nuclear reac- switched off the safety equipment European countries with a sub- tor has multiple defensedefence and conducted a test. The Cher- stantial portion (above 30 per cent) mechanisms built in. The failure of nobyl reactor was using graphite of their electric energy obtained the cooling system increased the as the moderator - a practice that through nuclear power. Any assess- temperature and pressure system has now been given up. There is ment of a disaster from malfunc- within the reactor, too much for an annual review now at IAEA tioning nuclear reactors has to the containment walls to withstand level of working of nuclear reac- be assessed in the context of the and blast was inevitable. tors that should help in improving European countries themselves At the same time, even though safety procedures and continuous depending upon this power for earthquake was felt in many areas improvements are reported. It is serving major part of their electri- of Japan, except the four coastal worthwhile to recall after 1986, no cal energy requirement. reactors, others functioned. The second Chernobyl has taken place Has the size of the damage to preliminary assessment is that it anywhere in the world all these the Fukushima Diachi nuclear is the height and intensity of the years. The one major accident in plant, subsequent to the earth- tsunami that disrupted the power India was the fire in Narora nuclear quake and tsunami, established plant, rather than the earthquake. power station in UP, about 150 km nuclear power as a global disas- In the tsunami that struck our east from Delhi. But this was due to ter? Considering clinically all the coast a few years back, the Madras the fault in the turbines which are circumstances, such a conclusion Atomic Power Station located on housed away from the reactor. The would be unjustified on facts. First, the coast, stood its ground without turbine fault in turn was due to the the plants did not face extensive any damage. Of course that does quality of the electricity from the

14 Smart Companion India April 2011 Smart Companion India April 2011 15 main grid. There was no shortcom- ing in the design or working of the

reactors themselves. Even boiling water type in Tarapur, now over 40

years old, functioned without any major accident. There is a public perception that each The question is often asked what nuclear reactor is a potential atom if an accident happens and tens of “ thousands of people are exposed “bomb. It is not. In a certain situation to high levels of radiation? What if a meltdown of the reactor core a meltdown is possible but so far has takes place due to failure of the not happened, even in the Fukushima cooling system in a critical situa- tion and fires break out along with Diachi reactors heavy radiation clouds that would spread far beyond the 10 km radius that is kept free from human habi- tation? What about the spent fuel rods that have radioactive residue each nuclear reactor is a potential in the middle of 19th century, that would continue to be active atom bomb. It is not. In a certain its speed was 19 miles per hour. for a thousand years? The answers situation a meltdown is possible Many spectators were aghast and are there in the various safety but so far has not happened, even disasters were predicted. Disaster measures that are mandatory in in the Fukushima Diachi reactors. did occur when a VIP fell from nuclear programme. How can we What has happened there is an the train and died. That did not believe them, ask the critics. Even uncontrollable reaction. As experts stop trains from running at higher if there is one in a million chance analyse the events later the truth speeds. Today super fast trains run of accident, would its reaction be will come out as it did in Chernob- at 250 to 300 km per hour. They widespread and long lasting? Some yl after the initial scare stories. And are considered safer than the ones critics compare it to what hap- even stricter regulations would be that ran at 19 miles per hour. Much pened in the Bhopal gas tragedy globally discussed and implement- the same could be said about our where 25 years later lakhs are still ed. We know earthquakes or a vol- airliners – the latest model is de- suffering. cano could exterminate thousands signed to carry 800 passengers and Our nuclear scientists point out at a time and leave large tracts of yet they are comparatively cheaper, the functioning of nuclear reactors land uninhabitable for years. The safer and more comfortable than in Trombay, the research centre crust of the earth itself is floating their predecessors. of nuclear science, the Bhabha on a hot metallic liquid and at any Nuclear technology is not at its Atomic Research Centre (BARC). moment it could burst out and end. It is only at the beginning of a It is now 60 years old. One of its wipe out entire civilizations as it new era in facing the challenge of research reactors Dhruva has re- has done in the past. But instead pure, cheap, non-polluting energy ceived high commendations from of running away we learn to live needed to assure a high standard nuclear scientists abroad. Dhruva with it by developing technologies of living for everyone. We have to is now over 20 years old. Not one to limit damage. continue to learn how safety could major accident has occurred. All this safety record of course still be improved. There is no end Sometime we hear of scare does not mean that nuclear power to that learning. Civil aviation be- stories over the fast breeder reac- is risk free. Every technology that came safer with the lessons of each tors that use liquid sodium at 600 fiddles with nature has its risks. If crash. The Japanese event would degree centigrade to cool the you plough land and grow same be a great learning step in the jour- plutonium-uranium fuel in the crop year after year, soil degrada- ney to creating an energy surplus reactor. Liquid sodium can react tion will turn green fields into des- world with a few hundred tons of violently to air or water even in erts. But we have now fairly good uranium. More so, when nations minute quantities. But the technol- knowledge on how to prevent such learn to give up the misadventure ogy to avoid such a happening has a catastrophe from happening. The to destroy each other. been proved at the Kalpakkam paradox of technology is that the Research Centre where a 40 MW answer to its challenges is more test reactor has been functioning technology, not running away from Rajendra Prabhu since 1995. it. Senior journalist There is a public perception that When the first train rolled over Delhi COMP

14 Smart Companion India April 2011 Smart Companion India April 2011 15 this fortnight Anna Hazare Icon of Strength Anna Hazare, 72, started his “fast unto death” at Jantar Man- tar in New Delhi on 5, April, 2011. After five relentless days, the Union Government has conceded to his demand for a joint committee for the Jan Lokpal Bill

he fast unto death by die- posted at the Khemkaran bor- ments: A ban on alcoholism; a ban Thard Gandhian Anna Hazare der. Being the only survivor in an on cattle grazing; water conserva- at Jantar Mantar, Delhi, demanding enemy air attack he felt that God tion; family planning; and shram Lok Pal Bill, gained momentum had a purpose for him. Ever since daan. He transformed Ralegan in an unprecedented manner. he has dedicated his life to people’s Siddhi into a sterling model village Stepped up on the national stage, causes and remaining a bachelor. that even Mahatma Gandhi would he became an instant icon of the From a tenacious soldier to a social have been proud of. nation, a ‘Pied Piper’ for the youth reformer, Anna’s journey of four The people built bunds that col- of the country. He simply proved decades has been unprecedented in lected rain water and were crucial that youth in India have dreams to terms of a non-violent yet effective in making the village an agricul- cherish provided they are motivat- campaign of resurrecting a barren tural hub within a few monsoon ed by clean and capable leadership. village into an ideal one, empow- seasons. During this time Anna People cutting across age, religion, ering the faceless citizen through experienced first-hand, the malaise caste, status, and profession ar- pioneering work on Right to In- of corruption in government rayed behind him in this peaceful formation. His efforts to empower offices. He realised that fighting struggle and the Government had grampanchayats, protect efficient corruption at all levels and making to bend to his demand for a 50-50 government officers from frequent people-friendly laws was the only Committee to draw up the Lok- transfers and fight against the red way ahead. Thus began a relent- pal Bill against corruption. Delhi tapism in government offices have less campaign under the banner of Archbishop Rev. Vincent Conces- also received accolades. “Citizens’’ Crusade against Cor- sao and leaders of other Churches He started work in the gallis ruption”. also were part of the event. (bylanes) of his native Ralegan Sid- Hazare opines, “Today we are The Jan Lokpal Bill (The Citizen dhi. Driven by a passion to make exploiting the earthen resources Ombudsman Bill), was proposed a difference, he encouraged fellow like petrol, diesel, kerosene, coal in 1972, by the then Law min- villagers to adopt five command- and water. This can never be ister Mr. Shanti Bhushan. Since then it has been neglected by the politicians since as an autonomous Anna Hazare authority it can make politicians F and beurocrats accountable for An ex-army man. Fought 1965 Indo-Pak War F their deeds. His demand for a joint Built a self-sustained model village Ralegaon Siddhi in Maharashtra F committee to draft the bill with Awarded Padma Bhushan F a 50-50 government and public Hunger strike for a joint committee to draft the Jan Lokpal Bill F participation is accepted by the In 1972, the bill was proposed by then Law minister Mr. Shanti Government. Bhushan F Kisan Bapat Baburao Hazare Once the bill is passed, a Lok Pal will be appointed at the centre. He joined the Indian Army in 1963 will have an autono mous charge, say like the Election Commission and served the army for 15 years. of India. The job is to bring all alleged party to trial in case of cor In the 1965 Indo-Pak War, he was ruptions within 1 year. Within 2 years, the guilty will be punished.

16 Smart Companion India April 2011 Smart Companion India April 2011 17 termed as perennial development as it is going to lead a state of de- struction one day. The sources of He transformed Ralegan Siddhi into energy are limited and hence I am “ concerned about the next genera- a sterling model village that even tions. Today many of the villages Mahatma Gandhi would have been of almost every state are feeling the brunt of water shortage. Build- proud of ing concrete jungles do not mean development as Gandhiji had right- succeeded in setting up an expert and 2006 for amending the Gram ly said.” He was convinced that citizens’ committee to strengthen Sabha Act, in order that the people “ “The dream of India as a strong the law. Subsequently, the national (meaning the villagers) have a say nation will not be realised without RTI Act came into force on 12 in the development works in their self-reliant, self-sufficient villages, October 2005. village. this can be achieved only through Not many will know that Anna He is also known for his cam- social commitment & involvement was also instrumental in work- paigns for Liquor Prohibition of the common man.” ing out the Prevention of Delay Policy, Curb on sand extraction His best-known crusade was for in Discharge of Official Duties for developmental works that is the introduction of the Right to Act, which was enacted on 25 May destroying rivers and the environ- Information (RTI) Act in Maha- 2006. He was also furious over ment, Use of biometric system to rashtra. For this, he undertook a government officials sitting on files monitor office attendance, War- hunger protest at Azad Maidan in that contained important public ranty tenure of road works, and 2003. But the legislation was tooth- proposals and decisions. Anna now for a joint committee for the less and again he campaigned and also campaigned between 1998 Jan Lokpal Bill. COMP

16 Smart Companion India April 2011 Smart Companion India April 2011 17 cross currents Romero’s Social Gospel Life and witness of Archbishop Romero challenge us now, than at any other time. He poses us a challenge to follow Jesus radi- cally

t was a Sunday in March… Later, other priests in Aguilares parish and, most important of all, IArchbishop Romero was cel- were kidnapped, imprisoned. to comfort these people who have ebrating mass in a packed church. The army committed sacrilege by been so outrageously humiliated. Concluding the mass he said, violating the tabernacle, throwing Hence…I bring to you the word “No soldier is bound to obey an away the hosts and trampling on that Christ has commanded me order against God’s law. Nobody them. No priest was allowed into to tell you: a Word of solidarity, has to obey an immoral law. The Aguilares for two months. Parish a Word of courage and guidance time has come for you to come to catechists and peasant organizers and, finally, a Word of conver- your senses and obey your own of the region were attacked by the sion.” conscience rather than a sinful army. When the army did notify Referring to people murdered command. Therefore in the name the Archbishop that he could ap- in August 1977 he forged one of of God and in the name of this point a priest there, he himself his most famous and momentous suffering people.., I beseech you, I drove to Aguilares together with sentences: “I want to be near the beg you, I command you, stop the many priests and religious women. grief of [their families] and to be repression.” During the Mass he the voice of those The army and the wealthy elite spoke these pro- who are voice- were outraged at his words. The phetic words less: to cry next evening, while again at Mass, “It has fallen out against he was shot dead. to me to such Romero was granted an honor- go around abuses ary doctorate at Louvain in Bel- picking up of hu- gium, a month and a half before dead bod- man he was murdered. “The glory of ies and God is life for the poor.” With everything such a famous patristic phrase he else that was actually rewording Irenaeus this per- who said, “The glory of God is secution life for man”. of the In El Salvador the Romero Church phenomenon started in Febru- brings ary 1977. This was an impressive with it. religious phenomenon with politi- Today it cal consequences. The archbishop has been was converted from being a model my lot to of spotless rectitude to one of come over prophetic courage. Where did that to pick up conversion start? Actually, it was in a destroyed the little rural town of Aguilares. tabernacle in He had spent there a long night this des- of contemplation, touching and ecrated watching over the body and blood of his murdered friend, the Jesuit Rutilio Grande, the parish priest.

18 Smart Companion India April 2011 Smart Companion India April 2011 19

rights, that justice be done.” Before an order to kill that a man may His criterion for discernment in “ matters of dealing with the State “give, the law of God must prevail that says: authorities was derived from giving either to Caesar or to God: “I do Thou shalt not kill! No soldier is obliged to not confront anybody, I am just obey an order against the law of God trying to serve the people, and whoever is in conflict with the people will also be in conflict with to learn about our experience” A people, who knows their suffering me”. week later, he asserted with great and hunger and I raise my voice to Romero was conscious of his sincerity: “There is no right to be tell you”. He borrowed a metaphor role as a preacher. “I study the sad… A Christian must always from Brazilian Cardinal Lorsc- Word of God that we are going to move his own heart to the fullness heider, “You must learn to take off read on the coming Sunday; I look of joy…when slander and perse- your gold rings so that your fingers around me, at my people and shine cution are most intense; become aren’t cut off.” the light of the Word upon them, united to Christ the friend, and feel The closer he came to his end, and then I come up with a syn- a sweetness which all earthly hap- the stronger, more courageous and thesis to be able to convey it and piness cannot give.” sincere his voice became. “As a to enable this people to become In July he spoke to his people, pastor and as a Salvadoran citizen the light of the world – so that “Murders from one side and the I am deeply grieved when I see they don’t allow themselves to be other, this death dance of politi- how our people are being massa- guided by the norms and the idols cal retribution is the most horrific cred just because they go out into of this world. But naturally these indicator of the injustice of our the streets to demand justice and worldly idols and idolatries feel system, which seeks camouflage liberty. Their cry for liberation is a that the Word I preach is an ob- in repression” He went on, “I clamour that goes up to God that stacle. They would rather destroy, would rather be silenced for telling neither events nor anyone else can silence and kill it.” the truth and defending justice stop.” At the end of 1978, faced with than keep on speaking under the A week before his murder he threats of death he said, “The manipulation of repression…..It said, “Those who believe my Word stays and this is the great is not that I believe myself to be a preaching to be political and consolation for the preacher: my prophet. It is rather that you and provoking violence - as if I were voice may disappear, but my Word, I, we are a prophetic people; every the cause of all the evils in the which is Christ, will stay in the baptized person has received a Republic - they forget that the hearts of those who have taken it share in the prophetic mission of word of the Church is not invent- in.” Christ… I feel that the people are ing these evils but is just shedding At the beginning of 1979, the a prophet to me… My function is light upon them. Light illuminates country’s President offered him of- just to arouse in the people their what already exists, but does not ficial protection. Romero answered prophetic sense...” create it.” in his homily: “I want to tell the The month of October seemed His words on the eve of his President… I would wish this to open up new prospects. The murder were, “I try to preach the week much more than protection President was overthrown. A Gospel properly before our people. for my personal security. I wish for ruling council of civilians and Therefore while I am picking up the security and tranquility of the military people assumed power. Or the cries of our people and the one hundred and eight families and it appeared so. Romero exhorted suffering, I ask Christ, I ask Him their missing relatives, and for all people to be optimistic. But some to give me the appropriate word who are suffering. I don’t have any far-left organizations and clandes- to console, to denounce, to call to interest in my personal wellbeing tine political parties tried to dis- repentance...” or in security for my own life while credit Romero for being hopeful. Does he challenge us even my people endure the weight of Unfortunately massacres continued today? “We cannot serve God an economic, social and political and a Civil war was in the air. and Mammon” (Mt 6, 24). This is system, which brings ever wider In an open letter to President the challenge, to dislodge the gods social differences...” Jimmy Carter, Romero tried to of Power and Money. Wouldn’t On the 13th of May, returning dissuade Us providing military aid, Jesus tell us, “woe to you who have from a visit to Rome, he told his but his plea fell on deaf ears. On fallen prey to the consumption congregation, “In travelling to the 6th of January 1980, he ad- race because you belong to the such a different world I felt very dressed the wealthy families of El kingdom of the mammon?” proud of my archdiocese. Every- Salvador: “I am simply the pastor, Fr Juan Hernández Pico SJ one talks about us and are eager the brother, the friend of these COMP

18 Smart Companion India April 2011 Smart Companion India April 2011 19 new way of being the church

who is to betray him and the one who is to deny him. He does not make their remorse and repentance conditions to his love. Forgiveness and reconciliation at its best, this is what he expects of us all, not just his male apostles. Sadly the Church’s insistence on the priest washing only the feet of “men who have been chosen (viri selecti)” robs this ritual of its true meaning. Hidden in this instruc- tion is the fear of including women in a ritual that is linked with the institution of the Eucharist and the priesthood. In its zeal to fill any crack that may open a way for the ordination of women, the Church however, is prepared to ignore those in our families and communities who best emulate Jesus’ teaching of humble service - women. For women the world over, this washing of the feet is symbolic of their lives given in service. It is Women they who bathe little children, wash bed-ridden old parents, sponge the sick, and prepare the dead for burial, quietly sustaining society as Washing Feet mothers, teachers, nurses, domes- tic-workers and social-workers. A experiential sharing on how Even in our parishes it is they who nourish the faith community as ‘washing of feet’ can be made mean- parish councillors, catechists, lec- ingful and inclusive tors, Eucharistic ministers, com- munity animators, spiritual leaders, very year at Maundy Thurs- feet” (John 13:14, 15) he is not counsellors, choir members, writ- Eday as I watch the feet of confining himself to the men gath- ers, promoters of works of charity. 12 men being washed at the altar, I ered in the room. No, his message They are everywhere....because wonder: “Why not women’s feet?” is clear: “I have given you an ex- they care. Most men would find It pains me to see Jesus’ radical ample so that you may copy what I it demeaning to wash feet, to step gesture shorn of its rich meaning, have done to you”. In other words, down from their pedestals and reduced to an act that makes the if you want to be my disciples, bend low…..to touch feet. Not so gender of the disciples an integral continue my ministry of loving women. For them the foot wash- part of the symbol. service, “love one another just as ing is a ritual that underlies their The “Lord and Master” washes I have loved you” (John 13:34) so call to heal the broken hearted, his followers’ calloused and that “by your love for one anoth- tend the sick, and minister to those cracked feet to make a power- er…everyone will recognize you as in need (Lk 4:18) ….a means to ful statement on loving, humble my disciples” (John 13: 35). It is touch hearts. To exclude women service, not to confer favour on a a mandatum to all who wish to be in the re-enactment of Jesus’ ac- chosen few. He voluntarily per- his disciples. tion therefore is a travesty of the forms a job that the Talmud rel- There was high drama that night symbol. egated only to slaves, to overturn - denial, betrayal, suicide, human Consequently this year we religious and social hierarchies, not sacrifice, all simmering beneath the conducted the ceremony within to reinforce them surface. And in this highly charged the parish pastoral council (PPC) And when he tells his disciples, atmosphere Jesus gets down on his meeting. “You (also) must wash each other’s knees to caress the feet of the one Continued on page 23

20 Smart Companion India April 2011 Smart Companion India April 2011 21 Various Classes of Indians

Most ‘First Class’ stu- dents get technical seats, some become Doctors and some Engineers.

The ‘Second Class’ pass, and then pass MBA, become Admin- istrators and control the ‘First Class’.

The ‘Third Class’ pass, en- ter politics and become Ministers and control both.

Last, The ‘Failures’ join the underworld and control all the above.

Continued on page 23

20 Smart Companion India April 2011 Smart Companion India April 2011 21 pr in the church

Civic Consciousness and Church Church is ‘leaven’ in the society. A Christian is a citizen and a believer. S/he is responsible to set an example in civic sense, holding fast to the Gospel values

n Sunday March 27, 2011, three hours – or even an hour. The for me, a member of God’s chosen Othe scenic Marine Drive or celebrations could well have been people? “Queen’s necklace” along Mum- held in a stadium or a maidan with I wrote this piece on Friday, bai’s seafront was blocked to traffic the least inconvenience to others. I April 1, before the passing away for three hours. For those who are got a pained look. of Cardinal Varkey Vithayathil not familiar with Mumbai, this is Christmas too comes once a whom I admired a great deal for an arterial road for the city. year! So my parish priest and his taking a highly unpopular stand in Members of the Dawoodi Bohra parish pastoral council believe they the 1990s. I read several reports community were celebrating the have the right to fire crackers after then from journalist George Iype 100th birthday of their spiritual the Christmas eve service, even on Rediff.com about how Cardinal leader, Dr Syedna Mohammed though it is close to midnight and Varkey wrote letters to his people, Burhanuddin, and they decided to our parish church is right in the discouraging them from devotions take out a procession from Nari- midst of several housing colonies. at roadside shrines in his diocese. man Point to Chowpatty. Merciful- The only argument they have He had two reasons for taking ly, it was a Sunday but the proces- been able to give me is “Christmas up the issue – one, these roadside sion played havoc with the plans comes only once in the year.” True, devotions blocked traffic and of many who did not know about but I thought Christmas was about inconvenienced everyone and two, the Syedna’s birthday celebrations. a “Silent Night, Holy Night”! the drunkenness that followed The Bohras are a very educated, Three months later, we do the these devotions. I need not elabo- cultured and disciplined com- same after the Easter vigil -- be- rate on the second – that is one munity. So I discussed this with a cause this time it is not because of the curses of our communities, Bohra I know and got an interest- Easter comes once a year -- “Hin- regardless of whether they have ing response: “But a hundredth dus and Muslims do it also – why been influenced by the Portuguese birthday comes only once in a hun- don’t you stop them?” or not. dred years”! Since when have Hindus and Of course, this stand did not Very true. But it does not give Muslims begun to decide my social make Cardinal Varkey popular. anyone the right to block someone and civic behavior? Since when But that did not dissuade him. else’s freedom of movement for have they become a bench mark He stuck to his guns. The media

22 Smart Companion India April 2011 Smart Companion India April 2011 23 and forward-looking leaders of all would make a virtue of moving believed that God lived in them. communities in Kerala thanked our stone crosses and publicise it We are different and therefore him and praised his courage. His as an act of civic consciousness of superior, we were told, because we own people ran him down. But he India’s most public spirited com- don’t believe that God lives in our would not be moved. He had the munity that pioneered education statues. We venerate statues and courage of his convictions and a and healthcare for all, regardless of crucifixes only because it helps to rare courage to go it alone. I don’t caste or creed. visually retain our focus, our con- know to what extent he succeeded. Unfortunately, we have dug in centration. So, it shouldn’t make But at least he took a stand. our heels and made an issue of it a difference if a statue or crucifix I decided on this topic long although I have personally seen is moved a few feet, right? To us before Cardinal Varkey’s death Sai Baba shrines and other temples Jesus lives in the Holy Eucharist, for two reasons. One is the issue being voluntarily moved with great in the Tabernacle, as Archbishop of shifting crosses in Mumbai. fanfare. Bernard Moras of Bangalore told With 1.31 lakh new vehicles being The second reason I chose this Karnataka Chief Minister Yed- registered for use on Mumbai’s topic is because in a country with dyurappa in 2008, before the na- roads each year – or 350 per day – six major religions and 29 major tion’s TV channels. the city has clearly run out of road festivals – and thousands, yes Perhaps Cardinal Varkey will suc- space. The courts have ordered the thousands, of lesser or local ones – ceed better in what he set out to do removal of roadside shrines. we need a lot of self-restraint and from above than when he was here As a Christian, I would volun- self-restrictions if we are not going among us. God bless him and may tarily want to move my shrines to to tread on each other’s toes in he Rest in Peace. the sanctity of private compounds the process of celebrating all our or my church to ensure unrestrict- festivals. And I think we Christians ed movement for all. It ill behoves are best placed to lead the way. me to argue that my crosses were Allwyn Fernandes When we were young, we were Crisis Communications put up a hundred years ago by taught in catechism class that Mumbai ancestors to fight the plague that Hindus worshipped their statues then struck Bombay. In fact, I and stones (lingams) because they COMP Continued from page 20 Fthe worn, omnipresent feet before his people in the traditional The President (priest) and Vice of a religious sister who creates, Indian gesture of respect, para- president (lay woman) together teaches and nurtures with devotion doxically raised him high. And as washed the feet of 7 represen- and careful attention; I myself stroked the feet of my tatives of the community. We Fthe bare, humble feet of a councillors I was moved. Feet tell washed: priest, crushed wheat, leaven in the so many stories, and I felt privi- Fthe tired, aching feet of a dough, broken bread given for all. leged to with them. grandmother who represents all To make the service more This Maundy Thursday as I parents and grandparents who self- meaningful it was preceded by the watch the feet of 12 men being lessly serve their families through reading and exposition of John washed at the altar I will carry with the generations; 13:1-15. After the washing the me the memory of our PPC meet- Fthe busy, silent feet of a com- PPC gave flesh and blood to Jesus’ ing and the exclusion will hurt less. munity sustainer who generously gesture by making simple pledges I will pray quietly that the women and quietly gives time, support and of service e.g. I will give free tu- in the congregation will go beyond expertise to the parish and those itions to the children in our slums. the limitations of the visual to find in need; This was followed by silent reflec- affirmation and kinship in Jesus’ Fthe firm, quick feet of a Prin- tion and prayer for those whom we action. I will pray too that like the cipal who watches over our young, need to forgive, a special blessing US bishops the Indian bishops also guiding and preparing them to be and the agape meal. And women’s will include both men and women beacons of hope for the future; feet were washed - meaningfully, “in recognition of the service that Fthe spirited, unfettered feet of prayerfully, inclusively. should be given by all the faithful, a youth stepping confidently into In their sharing the PPC mem- to the Church and to the world”. the dance of Life, improvising, in bers, men and women, said that Only then will the foot washing be tune, off beat; they were intensely touched by the transformed into what Jesus meant F the still, quiet feet of a prayer service. Some wanted to replicate it to be - an act of ecclesial unity group member whose praise, wor- it in their Small Christian Commu- and Christian charity. ship and intercession nourish the nity (SCC). One kept the napkin as Astrid Lobo Gajiwala a memento. For me, watching my parish through the outpouring of Journalist, Mumbai senior parish priest on his knees the Spirit; COMP 22 Smart Companion India April 2011 Smart Companion India April 2011 23 canon counsel

Diocesan Administration

: What is the differ- letters and publicly takes posses- At least once every five years, he is ence between Coadjutor sion of the diocese. He has all the to conduct a pastoral visitation ei- bishop,Q Auxiliary bishop and ordinary (goes with office), proper ther personally or if he is impeded, Diocesan administrator? Anand (exercised in his own name, not through another presbyter (cc. Jojo, Calcutta vicarious), and immediate (directly 396-398). A: The bishop is the chief pas- to everyone in the diocese) power 3.He must report to the pope on toral leader and key authority fig- which is required for the exercise the state of the diocese every five ure in the diocese. The title bishop of his pastoral office, except in years (cc. 399-400). He is request- comes from the Greek episkopos. cases reserved to higher author- ed to submit his resignation to the It means overseer. The term was ity (c. 381, §1). He exercises this pope (c. 401) when he reaches 75 used to refer to the church leaders authority in his own name, not as years or is incapacitated to fulfill several times in the New Testa- vicar of the pope. Christ and the his duties. A bishop emeritus has ment. Holy Spirit are its source; it comes the right to residence and decent Through the Holy Spirit and to him from the sacrament of support in the diocese (c. 402). by divine institution, bishops are orders. There are three categories of considered as successors to the He has also to coordinate the titular bishops who are appointed apostles. They are teachers of various apostolates of the diocese, to assist or partially replace dioc- doctrine, priests of sacred worship, and administer its property. He is esan bishops: and ministers of governance (c. to foster apostolic activities, e.g., 1.Auxiliary (from auxiliaris, 375, §1). They receive these func- schools, hospitals, agencies of giving help, assisting) bishops are tions through Episcopal ordina- charity, evangelization, etc. He has appointed upon the request of the tion, to be exercised in communion to both encourage and assist the diocesan bishop, to help him, when with the Episcopal College and faithful to take part in these works the pastoral needs of the diocese its head, the pope. They are called of the apostolate (cc. 394, 678, §1, calls for it (c. 403, §1). “diocesan” when a diocese has 782). He is responsible not only for 2.Auxiliary bishops with special been entrusted to them. Others, the funds, lands and buildings of faculties are imposed on a diocesan e.g., auxiliaries, retired, etc., are the diocese itself, but also oversee bishop in response to some diffi- called “titular” - a symbol of their the properties of the juridical per- culty or deficiency in the diocese or relationship to a portion of the sons subject to his authority, e.g., with the diocesan bishop himself, people of God (c. 376). the parishes and other institutions e.g., financial crisis, ill health, abus- The pope either appoints bish- within the diocese (cc. 1276, 1287). es of discipline, etc (c. 403, §2). ops or confirms those who have A diocesan bishop has three 3.Coadjutor (from adjutor, a been elected (c. 377, §1). There are more traditional duties: helper or deputy) bishops are four distinct steps to becoming a 1.He must be present to his dio- auxiliary bishops with special facul- bishop: selection or designation, cese and be actively involved in his ties. He is entitled to succeed the conferral of the office, episcopal ministry (c. 395). His absence from diocesan bishop immediately upon ordination or consecration, and the the diocese for a reasonable cause, the vacancy of the see (c. 409, §1, formal assuming of the office. continuous or interrupted, cannot c. 403, §3). A Diocesan bishop must be go beyond a month. The latter two categories of ordained within three months 2.He must visit the parishes and assistant bishops are also vicars of the reception of the apostolic other institutions of the diocese. general (cc. 406, §1, 479), and aid

24 Smart Companion India April 2011 Smart Companion India April 2011 25 the diocesan bishop with the entire diocesan bishop excluding those necessity. governance of the diocese, not just matters that are exempted by 8.Not to confer a canonry. in one or another area of pastoral their nature or by the law itself (c. 9.Not to entrust a parish to a responsibility. They take his place 427, §1). He is the local ordinary clerical religious institute or clerical when he is absent or incapacitated endowed with ordinary power of society of apostolic life. (c. 405, §2), and they must be con- governance. He remains in office 10.Not to transfer or appoint sulted on all important matters (c. till the new bishop takes posses- parish priests unless the Episcopal 407, §1). sion of the diocese, lasting from a see has been vacant or impeded for All auxiliary bishops have real few months to some years. a year. Those priests whose term canonical authority in the diocese, The Code places certain restric- expires before the diocesan admin- either as vicar generals or Episco- tions on the diocesan administra- istrator completes one year are to pal vicars (c. 479); they are primary tor: be left in their office until the new consultors to the diocesan bishop, 1.Not to grant excardination, bishop takes over. The diocesan and are to work in harmony with incardination or permission to administrator can, however, ap- him (c. 407, §§2,3). The auxiliaries move to another particular church point, transfer, or remove parochial are usually assigned some specific temporarily unless the Episcopal administrators or vicars for a just areas of responsibility, besides litur- see has been vacant for a year cause. He can also install or con- gical and ceremonial roles. with the consent of the college of firm priest presbyters of religious A diocesan administrator takes consultors. institutes when they are legiti- charge of a diocese during a vacant 2.Not to remove the chancel- mately presented by their superiors. see. If the college of consultors lor and other notaries without the He has to reside in the diocese and does not elect the diocesan ad- consent of the college of consul- offer the Missa pro populo. ministrator within eight days, the tors. metropolitan will designate him 3.Not to issue dimissorial letters by free conferral. He obtains his for ordination without the con- power from the moment he accepts sent of the college of consultors. the election and no other confirma- 4.Not to remove the judicial tion is required. Before assuming vicar or adjutant judicial vicars. Dr. Michael Fernandes SDB his office, he has to inform the 5.Not to approve diocesan as- Mumbai Apostolic See about his election. sociations of the faithful. He has to make the profession of 6.Not to remove or destroy any Readers are requested to faith in the presence of the college documents of the diocesan curia send questions regarding canon of consultors and take the oath or even change anything in them. law/church administration to: of fidelity. In principle he has the 7.Not to open the secret archive [email protected] powers and obligations of the or the safe except in case of true COMP

24 Smart Companion India April 2011 Smart Companion India April 2011 25 faith matters

Servant Leaders Ministerial Priesthood and leadership in the Church call for a serious turning back to Jesus and his example.

few years ago, I was giving Lessons from the New both for the Church and for the A a seminar on priesthood for Testament Eucharist; later it came to be used the Bishops and men formation In the New Testament (NT) exclusively for the Eucharist, while personnel of MP. After examining we come across Apostles, Elders, the Church would be the “Mystical what Jesus had wanted and what Overseers and Deacons. None of Body of Christ”. we have become, I asked them: these is a cultic, ‘sacred’ person. The early Christians considered “what prevents us from giving up The Twelve constituted the foun- themselves as a ‘priestly nation’ the pagan system we have inherited dation of Jesus’ new community; a (I Pet 2.9), as ‘a people set apart’ from the empire?”. All agreed that foundation is a once for all reality for God (holy), a community of there was no impediment for it. with no successors. The Elders, mutual service patterned on Jesus’ However, who wants to give up Overseers and Deacons - very foot washing. In this commu- power and honour? I do raise this secular titles, arose in response to nity all are equals (Mat 23.8f; Gal issue in every possible forum, be- particular situations and needs of 3.27f). No one is to be given any cause I am convinced that we have the community (Acts 6). These title, not even ‘father’ or ‘teacher’. been celebrating not what Jesus were at the service of the “body The members of this community wanted us to become, but what we of Christ” - the Church. The are like the members of a body: have become on our own. term “Body of Christ” was used through the charisms gifted by

26 Smart Companion India April 2011 Smart Companion India April 2011 27 the Spirit (I Cor: 12, Rom: 12.4-8, Eph: 4.4-6; Col: 3.11), each mem- ber contributes to the well being Ministerial Priesthood of the whole, like the colours of a . There can be no claims and ultimately will be untrue Errol D’Lima of superiority. The varied charisms to the spirit of the Council. ensure that the mission of the Priestly ministry and leader- Church is carried on by all the ship must be—and must be seen as—a service enabling members without any reference to Vatican Council II empha- the faithful in the Church to gender or race; mission flows from sized a ministerial priesthood exercise their charisms for the the Spirit in whom all are baptised. to serve others in the spirit of common good of all peoples. Baptism is for mission. Jesus. Such service includes Serving others means fulfilling In the early Church one who the proclamation of the the needs that enable persons presided over the community word, sacramental celebration to realize their true human presided over the Eucharist, as it and pastoral care. As long as dignity as members of God’s was an orderly community action. priestly ministry is confined household and as caring and re- Later on, the Eucharist which was to the cultic it will not reflect sponsible members of society a new covenant meal began to authentic Christian leadership be seen as a sacrifice requiring a in a world created by God. priest. By Jesus’ time the Old Tes- be a religion since they had neither OT language began to invade tament priesthood (OT) had priest nor sacrifice. But Jesus had the Christian community, after the become almost exclusively a priest- not seen himself or his disciples as Letter to the Hebrews and writings hood to offer sacrifices. Jesus had cultic priests. of St. Cyprian who had a predilec- a very poor opinion of the priests Christian Leadership tion for OT terminology. By the of his time (Lk: 10.29f). Accord- What kind of leadership did 2nd century the ‘overseer’ would ing to him, God did not want Jesus envisage for his community? be called Episcopos in almost the sacrifice but fidelity and mercy. Jesus had left clear instructions present day sense of the word. Yet, Jesus told the Samaritan woman about the nature and functioning even up to the time of Augustine that the worship of God would of leadership in his community - no one but the ‘Episcopos’ is con- be in “spirit and truth” - a totally the Church. “Whoever wishes to sidered a priest. new type of worship, without be great must be your servant… With the conversion of Constan- the need of priests or sacrifices must be your slave; just as the tine, the ways of the empire passed (Jn: 4.24). Jesus never spoke of Son of Man came to serve…” into the Church: the leaders who himself as a priest, nor considered (Mt 20.24f, See: Lk 22.24-27; Jn were to be servants became Lords; any of his followers as priests. 13.1-20; Mt 23.8f; Mk 10.41f). The the gospel a “law”; God the su- The term ‘priest’ would have led visual image of John 13 (foot- preme emperor of the world, and to a total misunderstanding of his washing) can hardly be missed. “I the angels his ministers, Peter and person and mission. Hence the am among you as your servant” Paul the ‘princes’ or ‘high dignitar- claim that Jesus ordained priests (Lk 22.27). The Servant-God left ies of the world’ (Congar: 117). before his death is untenable. To servants to represent him and lead Titles like Lord, Eminence and Ex- speak of Jesus ordaining anyone his holy, priestly people. cellency entered the Church. It was is sheer anachronism, as the idea

of “ordaining” (entering into the order) came in only around the

4th century based on the class divisions in the empire which had many orders/ranks (like Senators, Nowhere a servant is called ‘Rever- Nobles etc.); the whole system end, Lord’. Surely it is high time, to “ of the empire was taken over by the Church, from the 4th century “everyone’s advantage, to shake off onwards. the dust of the Empire on the chair The author of “Hebrews” presented Jesus as High priest of St. Peter, gathered since Constan- and his ‘murder’ a sacrifice, as the tine’s day members of his community (ex- Jews) wondered how theirs could

26 Smart Companion India April 2011 Smart Companion India April 2011 27 faith matters

mission as one of service: service of the Father in the service of his fellow humans; he reveals the Fa- ther through parables and his life and table fellowship. Leaders of the community have to be representatives, the liv- ing presence of the Master who washed his disciples’ feet, leaving an example to follow. That is an invitation to one’s life on Jesus becoming like him – a life offered in love and service. Every leader is accountable to God and people. The only power that a leader can rightfully claim is the power to love endlessly, love every one and be for all. That is a task the feudal authority that justified 127). These words of John XXIII to manifest the possibility of true the use of the titles and insignia. are yet to be heeded to. There is love in the world. The feudal lines of administra- no harm in giving up whatever has Leadership in the Church is for tion in the Church came from this been borrowed from the empire - service as friends and equals (Jn period. When the word curia was they are definitely improper in the 13.1-17). That is the of lead- introduced, St. Bernard repudi- Church of the poor Galilean. ership he has left us. This service ated it and told Pope Eugenius III Jesus, the Perfect Leader does not depend on the gender (1145-1153): “When the pope, clad How do we look at ourselves of the person, but on discipleship. in silk, covered with gold and jew- as leaders of the Christian com- The focus is on building up the els, rides out on his white horse..., munity? We have to keep our eyes community. The Church has to be- looks more like Constantine’s suc- on Jesus and see what kind of a come more like the Servant Master. cessor than St Peter’s”, and about person he was and what his mis- We have, however, a chance to the bishops he said: they “looked sion was. The title ‘priest’ does not become the kind of leaders Jesus like young brides on their wedding- help us to understand Jesus, or us envisaged. For this we have to day” (Congar: 125). - n fact it has misguided us. Thanks accept that we are liable to make Nowhere is a servant called to Jesus’ Abba experience he was mistakes and must be willing to ‘Reverend, Lord’. Surely it is high a man rooted in God, totally free own them up. We need to abandon time, to everyone’s advantage, to of the worldly outlook: free from false claims, and the legitimiza- shake off the dust of the Empire greed, lust, hatred, fear, and at- tion process that goes on in every on the chair of St Peter, gathered tachment. He loved every one and society. since Constantine’s day (Congar: opted for the poor. He saw his Hence, my prayer is that we revert to Jesus’ understanding of leadership in the Church; that the Servant Master leaders take the lead to become true followers of Jesus; that they image of the Servant Master. Je- be known no more by titles and sus said, “This is my body, which attires, but by their self-giving love Dr. Paulachan is given up for you” (Lk 22:19). and dedication to Jesus and to the Kochappilly The mystery of the Eucharist well being of humans. CMI, Bangalore reveals the ministry of Christ. Reference: The loving service of God, Pauline teaching “as often as Congar, Yves: Power and Poverty in the Church, Baltimore, 1964. fellowThe beings, loving and service creation of God, is the you as you eat this bread and vocation,fellow beings, vision, and and creation mission drink the cup, you proclaim the ofis every the vocation, Christian, vision, especially and of Lord’s death until he comes” (1 thosemission with of specific every Christian,leadership es - Cor. 11:26) discloses the histori- roles.pecially The of command, those with “Do specific this cal and contextual perspectives Joseph Mattam, SJ inleadership remembrance roles. of The me” com (Lk- on the mystery and ministry of Professor of S. Scripture 22:19; 1 Cor.11:24) revives the Jesus Christ. Parimal Jyoti, Gujarat mand, “Do this in remem- COMP

28 Smart Companion India April 2011 Smart Companion India April 2011 29 foot prints

he ‘bird of passage’ has his genuine humanness, paved the of the world especially the media. Ttaken wings to other shores. way to reconciliation and peace. He They twisted and turned his words Cardinal Varkey Vithayathil has left was never “a sounding cymbal”. to suit them. But he remained calm us leaving us a legacy of reconcili- He neither gloried at his presti- undisturbed by the arrows aimed ation and peace. He pitched his gious ancestry nor clamoured for at him. But his nobility did not life on “Obedience and Peace” fame. He was simply happy to be a let him brood over bruises or to was and inspired others to follow. ‘servant of God’; and one who was nurture anger or revenge towards In fact, one could not die better. watchful for the Master’s arrival. those who opposed him/hurt him. He said his ‘yes’ to the final call of In his innocence and simplicity I remember approaching God, just after the moments of he was also powerful to assert right him for an interview. It was the Holy Communion during his last values. He voiced openly against time just after the release of the mass, as if falling asleep on the injustice, unchristian practices, book “Straight from the heart”, compiled from a series of inter- Cardinal Varkey Vithayathil views with him. We met him at St.Thomas Mount. It was dinner time. All the bishops of the Syro Malabar Church were assembled there. His dinner consisted of a small cup of rice boiled in water (kanji). But he did invite us to share a sumptuous meal and re- minded in particular not to forget our driver! At our request for an interview he laughed like a child and said in a soft whisper, “I am still not out of the ‘hurts’ of the last interview”. His words which came from a sincere heart were aimed at building up families, communities. He said, “I am grateful to those who point out my pitfalls”, “I am neither a mystic, nor a charismatic, but a simple believer”, “Being a Cardinal does not add any greater dignity to me before God. All the faithful share the same status of the children of God”, “Reli- gious life should keep away from consumer culture”, “If anyone has taken capitation fee it should Native Place – North Parur, Post graduation in Philosophy – 1972 be returned”, “Leaders in the Parents – (Chev.) Justice Joseph & Provincial – 1978 - ‘84 Church should stop bossing over Thresiamma Vithayathil Apostolic Administrator to Benedictine the faithful”, “Church has no party Born on – 29 my 1927 Ashram, B’lore – 1990-96 but that of the Holy Spirit”. Many Religious Profession – 2, Aug. 1946 – 17, Jan. 1997 can speak so, but he ‘walked the Priestly ordination – 12, Jun, 1954 Cardinal – 21 January 2001 talk’, humbly before the Lord. His Doctorate in C.Law – 1959 In Papal Conclave – 2005 Professor in Seminaries of , Death – 1, Apr. 2011 style was not that of imposing his B’lore, & Capuchins,Kottagiri –1959 -1984 ideals on others. And that exactly has been his uniqueness. Will the shoulders of his Master. philosophy of profit and status Indian Catholic Church succeed He came as the Leader of the and lack of faithful commit- to make his suggestion for a TV Syro Malabar Church when it was ment. He had great vision for the channel come true? tossing in the sea of strife. His un- Church. He insisted that Church’s Companion team gratefully conditional love, openness to listen real enemies were not outside, but cherish his inspiring leadership and respectfully to every one, simple within and that a divided Church paternal blessings. May his inter- unassuming ways, strong faith, would ruin itself. Of course he was cession accompany us. integrity of character and above all not ‘smart’ enough for the ‘wise’ COMP

28 Smart Companion India April 2011 Smart Companion India April 2011 29 pastoral communications

The power of Parish Groups anta Lucia is a parish in S. groups meet at least once a month, after the second Mass. Friday, the SItaly. It has about670 families. have an annual assembly or a work- environment group and Catholic I was invited there for Easter week shop, and an annual get together Workers’ Movement meet to chalk ceremonies. The first encounter with reports, entertainment and out details of their coming annual with the people there made me refreshments for all. The parish is meet. Earlier that day the Holy realize that they were warm and kept vibrant with varied activities Childhood, comprising mostly of concerned. During my interac- throughout the year. children from the parish school tions with them I learned the Let us have a look at an ordinary had a meeting too. Saturday from dynamics of the parish function- week in the parish. On Monday 10 a.m. the parish is bubbling with ing. Practically all the parishioners evening there are three group members from 6 groups includ- are members of one or the other, meetings - sodality, theatre and ing the Parish Pastoral Council. of the 36 functional groups in ministers of the sick. On Tuesday Besides, Legion of Mary is having the parish. There are groups for there is an evening session planned a whole day workshop with some children, youth, adults and the for alcoholic anonymous, while visiting experts. The Prayer Group elderly. These join groups for the Vincent de Paul group meets is having a 16-hour Prayer Vigil various ministries – Eucharistic, for an evaluation. On Wednesday in the church. In the evening the catechetical, health care, de-addic- the media group is projecting environment group is producing a tion, re-evangelization, (bring back movie in the parish auditorium. one hour play on climate change. the tepid wayward ones), theatre, The re-evangelizers group as well Sundays are less packed. Catechism media, environment. There are as catechism teachers are having class for children is the only major pious groups and associations like a planning session for the year. activity. Practically all come to the Sodality, Legion of Mary, Vincent Thursday evening the healthcare church to participate in one of de Paul Society, Christian Life agents meet to plan their services the five Holy masses. There is also Community, Holy Childhood, to the sick and invalid, while the a month long exhibition in the Catholic Workers’ Movement, Par- theatre group practices a play to basement of the church on ‘Jesus ish Court and more. Each of these be staged on the following Sunday by various artists,’ organized by

30 Smart Companion India April 2011 Smart Companion India April 2011 31 Once a person is challenged, s/ he is forced to reflect deeper. Oth-

ers add on, eliciting further reflec- tion. “When someone questions

me, I am forced to seek reasons Natural groups may tend to for my comment and that makes me responsible for what I say,” “foster regionalism, parochi- “ comments Marco Frisca, member of the financial committee that alism, ghettoism. But cre- engages in fund raising for the par- ish projects. ated or formed groups can Reflections also trigger one’s creativity. Creativity is the capacity build communities to express oneself in newer ways, more appealing to the audience. One major reason why people leave the Church is the lack of creativity in the church. Experts the Arts Group, to raise funds for thereby create new understandings. argue that institutions given to foreign missions, In this process, the responsibility ritualism cannot be creative. A These groups enable everyone for the final conclusions rests with blind adherence to rituals renders in the parish to participate. The all. The focus is on real participa- them fossilised, making changes priests are animators and get tion - the crux of communication. of any sort unwelcome. “I like to involved only when any of the The common sense argument in be in our theatre group. Every one leaders request their help to solve favour of this process can be de- brings in lot of creativity as we a problem they cannot handle or rived from the simple management make new plays that are related to for some other help. They can’t norm, “Those not consulted at the our faith life,” comments Ange- be present in all groups but they planning stage, will not contribute lina Briffa. “We listen with much do receive a copy of each group’s at the execution stage.” interest to what everyone comes report, the next day. In casual groups, some tend to up with. Then we select the best.” The parish priests consciously or be talkative dominating every one. She added. unconsciously are making use of In organised groups like in the par- Group interactions help to as- the techniques of group dynam- ish, there is a leader who moder- sert oneself and cultivate positive ics to animate the parish. Natural ates in a way that all have a chance self image, which is the basis for groups may tend to foster region- to express their views. It is a great self confidence. Youngsters used alism, parochialism and ghettoism. feeling when one hears one’s voice to such vibrant groups have the But created or formed groups can in a group undisturbed by anyone. possibility to explore their capaci- build communities, as is obvious In the process of being listened ties early in life. They are enabled in this parish. Communication to and understood, the speaker to contribute to society at large. “I plays the pivotal role. Groups develops self confidence. have grown much in my group. I render for dialogue, discussions, Listening is not simply hearing. look forward to the group meets. interactions, fellowship, participa- It is not a physical activity either. We are a lively group of friends, tion and involvement. The group It involves giving total attention to working together for our parish”, process is aimed at creative group the other, understanding not only syas Magda Lepanto, a member of expressions. This is important for what is spoken but also what is the Christian Life Community. comprehension and interiorization implied. It is respecting the other Once in three years, just after of even abstract ideas. In fact, the as s/he is, with different thinking Christmas, all the parishioners are very notion of group media has and feeling. It is being a non- free to change to other groups. to do with people interacting with threatening presence where the The final outcome is not an each other to comprehend issues other can see his/her problems/ effective ‘plan of action’ to solve better. views/feelings, mirrored back so all problems, but a communicative Group Discussion – Practice that with an objective vision s/he competence that lends itself to Pays can arrive at conclusions. “In my problem solving. The simplest form of group Holy Childhood group, we have media is a group discussion where lots of youngsters, as many as 35. Jacob Srampickal S.J. Professor, Communica- people articulate their opinions/ But all speak up and we collect tions, Pont. Gregorian ideas/convictions while others lis- together our ideas”, 12 year old University, Rome ten, question, confront, debate and Giorgio Pannini tells me. COMP

30 Smart Companion India April 2011 Smart Companion India April 2011 31 THIS FORTNIGHT

ith nostalgic sentiments I Wrecall my Paschal experi- ences of younger days. As I grow older, my feeling is that Christians are not giving sufficient impor- tance to Maundy Thursday, the day Jesus Christ instituted the Eucha- rist while performing the sublime act of love, epitomized in the washing of feet. The Master wash- ing the feet of his disciples! There are no parallels to that! “Having loved them he loved them to the end,” wrote the Evan- gelist. Just as any true lover Jesus also wanted to stay with his loved ones forever. Through the Eucha- rist he leaves behind his presence, in the form of bread ‘broken’. Only a God could invent such a marvellous way of being with his own, for all time. There is one desire, one longing that all humans hold in com- mon – the desire to be loved and cnsidered precious. Jesus does exactly this. “I have loved you with an everlasting love”, “Greater love than this no man has, that he lays down his life for others,”he told his disciples. The mystery of the Eucharist takes us further – he Do this in invites us to “do this in memory” of him. What is it that I am called to do in his memory? That is a memory of me unique invitation, the core of being a Christian, an invitation to Reflections on the eve of wash each other’s feet and break ourselves for the other. Immedi- Maundy Thursday ately after the Supper, this is what this experience. If we do not lend whose daughter had an evil spirit, Jesus did, i.e. giving his life for ourselves in humble service to the Jesus tells, “It is not proper for humankind. other, Eucharist ceases to be a re- the children’s bread to be given to It is easier to mourn his death living of his memory. Going down dogs. She replies, “That’s true, Sir, on Good Friday and far easier to on His knees to wash the feet of but the even the dogs get to eat the ‘celebrate’ his rising at Easter. But His disciples’ feet - the one who scraps that fall from the master’s it is practically very hard to live would betray Him, the one who table”. How much more blessed the Maundy Thursday. Who of us would deny Him, and the ones are we? Our privilege is not merely would like to bend down to the who would run away. “I have set that of touching the hem of His feet of those lesser than us? Who you an example. If, I being Lord garment or eating the scraps. It is a of us would like to have for din- and Master have washed your feet, total unification with the Lord. So, ner, people who we know would you should also wash each other’s there ought to be greater healing betray us? Who will be able to feet.” and fulfillment within us. Maundy accommodate fellows who find The woman who had been Thursday once again invites us “it hard to believe this teaching”? bleeding for 12 years touched his to gather around the table of the And yet this is what Jesus taught cloak for healing. She had said: Lord’s Supper to imbibe a new every Christian, there is no Easter “if only I could touch the hem of impetus to our Christian Life. without Maundy Thursday. His garment I’ll be healed”. To Richie Pinto At every Eucharist we relive the request of the gentile woman Mumbai

32 Smart Companion India April 2011 Smart Companion India April 2011 33 T P national news 5 Top Five Tourism, part of theology Asia 3Christian theologians in Asia propose tourism to be included in theological studies in Asia. Commercial tourism breeds injustice and contradicts the precepts of the Bible, they said during their March 19-22 consulta- tion organized by the Ecumenical Coalition on Tourism (ECOT) in Chennai, southern India. About 20 Catholic and Protestant theologians from Indonesia, India, Thai- land and Taiwan, participated in the meeting. “It is a myth that tourism produces employment, economic de- Attacks on children condemned velopment and alleviates the sufferings of the poor,” said Reverend Wati Longchar, dean of the senate of Se- 1 Bangalore rampore University that is affiliated to 52 theological col- Thirty-seven groups from different faiths demon- leges in South Asia. Women and children are often the strated against an attack on Christian-run homes for worst sufferers in sex tourism. Caesar D’Mello, director poor children in Karnataka, by a pro-Hindu group. of Thailand-based ECOT, said, “tourism is one of the Hindu fundamentalists are growingly targeting stu- largest industries in the world with an outlay of around dents from destitute homes and blaming proselyti- 10 percent of global GDP and 300 million employees.” zation. “Muslims or Christians, first we are Indians,” said Muslim leader Ali Hasan, addressing nearly To Pontifical Council 4,000 people assembled on April 11, in front of the Calicut local district commissioner’s office in Mangalore. 4 Pope Benedict XVI has appointed Bishop Joseph The Ebenezer Mercy Hall, a Pentecostal charitable Kalathiparambil of Calicut as the new Secretary of the home, Ashraya home run by a Catholic, and Stella Pontifical Council for the Pastoral Care of Migrants Maris Orphanage belonging to the Apostolic Carmel and Itinerants. Born in Vaduthala, near on sisters were among those attacked. “The children Oct 6, 1952, Bishop Joseph was ordained a priest on were shocked and depressed when the fundamen- March 13, 1978. He specialized in Canon Law from talists threatened and questioned them, threaten- Rome and was appointed Vice Rector of Collegio ing them even with murder and kidney removal”, San Paolo from 1984 to 1989. He became the Chan- said Sister Premalatha of Stella Maris Orphanage. cellor of the Archdiocese of Verapoly on 15 August, Orchestrated campaign 1989 and later its Vicar General. He was adorned with the Prelate of Honor on January 31, 2001 and Delhi was nominated Bishop of Calicut on April 19, 2002. 2At the core of the campaign at Jantar Mantar, projecting Anna Hazare at the fore front against Think globally corruption, was a carefully geared up through the past year. Many influential personalities including 5 Bangalore notable Church personnel were part of it, in differ- Father Adolfo Nicolas, the Jesuits’ Global Chief was ent parts of the country. “Corruption involves in- in India from 26 Feb to 12 Mar. 2011 to participate in the justice and robbery even from those who lack basic assembly of the ‘Jesuit Conference of South Asia’ held at necessities. It is immoral. From the way it has spread, Bangalore. He urged Jesuits to think globally transcend- it looks like people have lost their moral sensitiv- ing the narrow understanding of the Jesuit province. ity. Hence, we need the formation of conscience 18 provincials and two regional superiors from South of all citizens”, said Archbishop Vincent Conces- Asia participated in the meeting. Fr. Nicolas said that sao of Delhi, who sat at Jantar Mantar with Anna Pope Benedict XV, while stressing the need for a radical Hazare. Modern means of communications were change in priestly formation, has sought the help of the used profusely to galvanise the people across the Jesuits for the integrated formation of priests. Presently, country. It is interesting to note that globally there about 18,500 Jesuits work in 113 countries, under 10 “as- is a trend towards powerful people uprising and sistancies” or regions globally. South Asia which includes modern media is playing a great part to muster Afghanistan, Bangladesh, India, Nepal and Sri Lanka, is support to the quest fro dignity and human rights. the largest assistancy, with more than 4,000 members. COMP 32 Smart Companion India April 2011 Smart Companion India April 2011 33 focus international

Islamic Backlash in the Offing?

Truthful engagement alone can show that a Muslim back- lash in the offing is more a fear than an impending reality

n his influential essay, “The 2001], the Madrid train bombings Global Attitudes’ Project report IClash of Civilizations?” (March 11, 2004), the London of June 22, 2006. It further said, (Foreign Affairs, 1993], S. P. bombings (July 7, 2005), almost “Muslims in the Middle East and Huntington wrote: “The fault lines 30 failed plots in Europe after the Asia generally see Westerners as between civilisations will be the Twin Tower attack and the wars in selfish, immoral and greedy – as battle lines of the future.” In fact, Iraq and Afghanistan made many well as violent and fanatical”. It is he was predicting that the crucial to think that Huntington could be crucial that Christians and Muslims and central aspect of conflict in true. recognise their historical struggles the future would be between dif- “Many in the West see Muslims of the past for domination of one ferent civilisations. The attack on as fanatical, violent, and as lack- another’s lands and their negative the Twin Towers [September 11, ing tolerance,” observed the Pew engagement with one another in

34 Smart Companion India April 2011 Smart Companion India April 2011 35 Perception Matters Depending on the object be- Reuven Firestone ing a visible enemy, the devil, Islamic scholar, Professor of Medieval Judaism and and aspects of one’s own self Islam, Hebrew Union College, (such as sinful desires), different Los Angeles categories of jihad are defined. Jihad, when used without any Jihad means “to strive or qualifier, is understood in its struggle” (in the way of God) military aspect. Jihad also and is considered the “Sixth refers to one’s striving to attain Pillar of Islam” by a minority of religious and moral perfection. Sunni Muslim authorities. Jihad, Some Muslim authorities, espe- in its broadest sense, is classi- cially among the Shi’a and Sufis, cally defined as “exerting one’s distinguish between the “greater utmost power, efforts, endeavors, jihad”, which pertains to spiritual or ability in contending with self-perfection, and the “lesser an object of disapprobation.” jihad”, defined as warfare.

tury] and in Sicily [11th Century]. and their religious and ethical The Christian West deprived of values damaged by the European an accurate knowledge of Islam thought. First, they found that distorted the faith of Muslims. Western liberalism and national- The walls have thickened over the ism undermined Ottoman society centuries setting the two communi- and its thought patterns. Secondly, ties enemies of each other. they felt that Western modernity Muslim and Christian acknowledged not only the histori- armies cal situation but also the inherent Muslim armies swept across the superiority of Christianity as a Islamic Backlash Middle East, Spain and Portugal religion and culture, the reason in the ninth century. The Otto- for the Enlightenment in Europe. the present times. They have to re- man Empire hammered at Europe Third, the Christian missionaries engage themselves in dialogue for consistently for long periods. They openly challenged the credentials mutual understanding and coopera- pushed their borders deep into of Islam as a religion. Ignorance in the Offing? tion. Truthful engagement alone Europe and North Africa. Their of one another’s religion coupled can show that a Muslim backlash in armies tried to take over Vienna (in with the impact of the crusades the offing is more a fear than the 1529 and 1532). and colonialism continue to exert impending reality. The Christian crusades launched a negative influence on Christian- in the 11th century brought Chris- Muslim relations. Many walls – no bridges! The two significant movements Unfortunately walls were built tians and Muslims face to face as in the history of Christian-Muslim instead of bridges, right from enemies to be done away with. The relations are: a) the Islamic march the time Islam met with Chris- crusades were an “ill-fated ven- towards Europe, and b) the Eu- tianity, 1400 hundred years ago. ture” which left a deep wound on ropean march towards the East, Prophet Muhammad believed that the Muslim psyche. They see it as both, complex in nature. Despite he received the Qur’an as Moses a mark of Western (Christian) ar- their dynamics, the lack of an ac- received the Torah and that he rogance towards the Muslim world. curate mutual knowledge coupled came in the long line of Old Testa- In fact, some of them consider the with a craving for power and domi- ment prophets. However, Jews Gulf War (28 Aug. 1990 – 28 Feb. nation led to misunderstanding, and Christians did not accept this. 1991) and the Western military mistrust and hostility towards each Muslims considered Christians to presence in Islamic countries, other. be following a corrupted form of extensions of the crusades. religion. The West instead, was In the 19th century, Muslims Muslims and Christians ignorant of Islam till the Christians living under colonialism realised -neighbours in EU met Muslims in Spain [9th Cen- they were economically exploited The changed world demography places Christians and Muslims as

34 Smart Companion India April 2011 Smart Companion India April 2011 35 by 138 Muslim scholars and clerics from different parts invited Chris- tians to enter into dialogue with Muslims and to work for peace in the world. These two interven- tions have hardly any parallels in the history of Christian-Muslim relations. Though they cannot be compared in their tenor and theo- logical subtleties, they stand out as important milestones ushering the Christian-Muslim world into an era of mutual understanding and fruitful engagement with one another, recognising their historical fault lines. Historical opportunities The C-1 World Dialogue neighbours, globally. An estimated bridges that connect Christians and Re-engaging for mutual under- 15 to 17 million Muslims (5% of Muslims everywhere. It would have standing and cooperation should the EU population) live in Europe. a positive impact on the relations be rooted on justice and reconcili- Many political observers consider between the Western world and the ation. The stereotypes and preju- that the fear of Islam and the Muslim world. dices must go. The West should large Muslim presence in the West One could highlight two events, recognise that within Islam there is increase and strengthen the role among several, as important water- a powerful movement for renewal, of Islamophobic and nationalistic shed events. On 28, October 1965, modernization, tolerance and coex- parities in Western governments. in the document Nostra Aetate, istence with other societies. A few The issues related to Muslim the Catholic Church articulated her examples would suffice. integration in European societies new vision with regard to Muslims. In response to the tragedy of along with terrorist acts involving It expressed esteem for Muslims 9/11, 100 world leaders in the European Muslims in the heart of who follow Abraham, our father in World Economic Forum launched Europe, add to ethnic tensions, faith, and adore one God through an initiative called ‘C-1 World Dia- division and hostility. The West- prayer, almsgiving and fasting. The logue’, to initiate and strengthen ern hostility towards Islam and document invited both Christians West-Islamic Dialogue. Its Mis- Muslims was epitomised in the and Muslims to transcend the bit- sion and Vision was geared “to controversy over the cartoons on ter past and work for the common support and promote, propagate Prophet Muhammad. Many in the good, fostering social justice, moral and preserve, peace harmony and West justified the publication of values, peace and freedom. friendship between the Western such cartoons as the freedom of Again, on 13 October 2007 an and Islamic Worlds,” and “to do the press. Muslims instead saw it open Letter entitled ‘A Common this in accord with the two greatest as a deeply humiliating and hostile Word between Us and You’ signed Commandments given us: “love gesture towards them and their faith. Such hostilities, many ob- Eradicate False Notions serve, add fuel to the fire, encour- fact only a tiny group of Muslims aging the political or militant form Dr. Vincent are involved in fanatic activities. of Islam. Western hostility and Since 11thSeptember 2001, Islamic Muslim reactions intensify debates Kundukulam nations and agencies have taken around the question: Is an Islamic St. Joseph’s seminary the initiative to foster constructive backlash in the offing? Mangalapuzha and respectful dialogue between Dialogue or backlash? Much propaganda is being carried them and other religions. “The The differences between the on in various circles to make people Doha Inter-faith Dialogue” is such Western world and Islam are deep- believe that terrorism is another a remarkable venture. It is the duty ly rooted in terms of politics, ide- name for Islam. It would have been of all well minded non-Muslims ology, culture, economics and the- easier to eradicate such false notions to bring into the notice of com- ology. The walls of defences are if they resulted from ignorance. mon people the attitudinal change raised on ignorance and arrogance. Instead, vested groups disseminate among the Muslims, their love and These walls need to be replaced by biased information about Islam. In generosity towards other believers.

36 Smart Companion India April 2011 hold ideologies of violence are but Training to Think Sane a small number. The West should learn not to conflate mainstream John L. Esposito ers and the laity? This requires Islam with extremism. Outstand- Islamic Scholar institutional change, in particular ing issues can be and should be Professor of religion curricular reforms in seminar- resolved through negotiation based and international affairs ies (madrasas), universities and Georgetown University on principles of justice. schools. As in all faiths, the reli- The clear cut divides -- Chris- The most important challenge gious understanding of the vast tians and Muslims, West and for Islamic reformers will be the majority of believers is initially Islam – are slowly disappearing. transfer of their reformulations learned at home and the local New alignment of peoples calls from the elite few to the institu- mosque, from parents and local for a new mindset and new ways tions and peoples of Islam. How religious leaders and teachers. of mutual interaction. In the past, to train the next generation of Thus the importance of training the historical mistakes produced religious scholars and lead- those who preach and teach. distrust and misunderstandings. In the new dispensation one should God and our fellow neighbor.” who teaches altruistic service for not continue to draw from the The C-1 seeks to “improve the the common good of all people. old prejudices. A major mode of mutual understanding in and Many have observed that this breaking away from prejudices is between cultures and religions; movement is a powerful challenge, to overcome past negativities by to bring together those engaged addressing the fears people hold recognizing each other’s worth as in dialogue to share insights and after the 9/11 attacks. It is also true worshipers. Stress is to be laid ideas that can enhance practical acclaimed for its tremendous con- on the need to work together for initiatives; to promote partner- tribution to world peace. peace and harmony. The recipro- ships and collaboration between Conclusion cal fear is rooted in the past. Both the various sectors of society and These movements for engage- should strive for better understand- across cultures (including govern- ment illustrate that Muslims enter ing and harmonious conviviality. ments, private sector, media, civil into dialogue with the West as That could redress the genuine society, religious communities and friends and co-citizens of the grievances of ordinary citizens academia); and to catalyse new world and for the Westit can lead while enhancing justice and confer- projects mobilizing additional sup- to a better understanding of Islam. ring dignity on all human persons. port for existing work with proven Serious commitment to dialogue record of success.” will show that large sections of Victor Edwin SJ The Gülen Movement Muslims want to engage with Research student on This is a transnational civic so- Christians and the Western world Christian-Muslim Relations, ciety inspired by Fethullah Gülen in a new way and those who up- Birmingham. COMP Subscription National Fortnightly for Christian Leadership Details SMART COMPANIONINDIA Kalpaka Bungalow • Subscribers for 5 years get books worth ` 500 as gift Perumanoor P.O. Thevara, Kochi - 680 215 • Life members get books worth ` 500, plus books worth Kerala, INDIA. ` 150 every year [email protected] Tel: 0484-2664733, 2665233 g g SUBSCRIPTION FORM One year / 24 copies : ` 350/- Name...... For Priests: offering seven masses Address...... 2 years : ` 650/- ...... 3 years : ` 950/- Pin...... Tel.(with code)...... 5 years : ` 1500/- email:...... Life Membership : ` 5,000/- Payment Details: Cheque to “Companion, Kochi” (Rs.30 extra from outstation); D.D in favour of “Companion, SBI, Kochi”; M.O to Editor, Companion; Direct Transfer to Ac. No. 31125478420 of Companion at SBI, Perumanoor Branch. luminaries Uproot Casteism?

Dr. Joseph D’Souza. President of the Dalit Freedom Network international and come for mass events in order to the founder-president of the All India Christian Council, from 1998; one of India’s articulate our patriotism and faith. most prominent global campaigners against caste system; committed to the emancipa- It was perfectly legitimate to be tion of Dalits; has been writing and speaking on the issues of justice, human rights, fully Indian and fully Christian. We and religious freedom for almost 25 years; lives in Hyderabad with his wife, Mariam refused to cow down to the terror and their two children. and pressure tactics of the RSS. We refused to participate in their ‘dia- logues’ which coaxed us to agree Why the All India Chris- Pradesh, burning of churches in to their view of nationalism. We tian Council(AICC)? Gujarat and the killing of Graham were able to take the governments The Christian Council came Staines in Orissa precipitated a of Gujarat and Orissa to court and together as an ecumenical action national movement of Christians. fight for religious freedom. We based body in the late 90’s.The With members from all major filed hundreds of cases in Gujarat, immediate trigger was the attacks Christian groups it aimed at proac- in order to protect the rights of on Christians and other minorities tive measures towards minority Christians. We also created global by the right wing thrashing. It was obvious that consciousness on minority at- Hindutva the targeting of Christians and tacks. At the 2002 carnage against groups. Muslims was not spontane- Muslims we invited international Rape of ous but a well calibrated observers to come and evaluate the nuns design, projecting the situation. in minorities as’the enemy’. Are you satisfied with the Mad- The aim was to galvanize work that you did in this hya the masses around the regard? Hindutva agenda for nar- We are not satisfied with the row political and religious work we have begun. we contend gains. that the anti-conversion bills fly in Your work through the face of the fundamental rights the Council? given to all citizens of india. we are We responded to the at- not satisfied because the victims of tacks on minorities through the Orissa persecution have to still national and global advo- get justice. We wait for justice to cacy. We strived to unite be shown to the Muslim victims of all main stream Christian Gujarat. It is important to under- denominations to act in a stand that the all india Christian concerted manner through me- council from its very inception sees dia, the legal avenues and itself as a civil society organization mass mobilization. and not limited to Christian issues. Our rallies We connect and work with Hindus, in Chennai, Muslims, Sikhs and people of all Hydera- faiths who believe in the idea of bad and idea and are committed to democ- other places racy. galvanized Concrete action for Dalit over 100,000 Christians? people to The Church works among the Dalits and all marginalized groups

38 Smart Companion India April 2011 Smart Companion India April 2011 39

luminaries Even after 60 years of independence, In- “ dian society is caste ridden, caste governs “ individual lives from birth to death

including the backward castes, governs individual lives from birth accommodate to changing times. empowering them through educa- to death. Church leaders are still unable to tion, health care. This is a threat The Dalit issue has become a lead in a more open and inclusive to those who have enslaved them concern with the UN as well as way. The Church’s inability to re- for many years. Obviously this with various world parliaments. pent of her sins and mistakes and is the major reason why Church The UK is about to finalize a law change quickly is surely a problem. is targeted. AICC reaches out that brings caste under the ambit The greatness of the Christian to Dalit Christians and other of racial discrimination. This is faith is that it allows for constant Dalits by providing them access because Indians have carried their and daily repentance. Christianity is to English medium education caste prejudices into the UK even not a defensive faith. across the country. Thousands of though they are British citizens! Role of the laity in the Dalit children are profiting from In the wake of the global con- church? these initiatives. We are mustering cern about human trafficking, the The contribution of the laity is public opinion against the denial Dalit problem comes to the fore critical for the growth and devel- of reservation rights to Dalit again, because India ranks high in opment of the Church. We are all Christians and Muslims, a viola- human trafficking. The primary priests unto God. The laity must tion of the constitutional equality victims are the Dalit outcastes -- understand their particular voca- given to all citizens. We have been both the untouchables and tribals. tion. Laity can reclaim all life vistas able to get all political parties, ex- President Obama was the first to Christ because they operate in cept BJP, to support the cause of US President to mention the diverse areas of life. reservation for Dalit Christians. words castes, Dalits and Ambedkar Two major problems to Governmental resistance in the Indian parliament. be resolved in the next to Dalit Christian reser- As a mature democracy India should take the cue when other five years? vation? Church must revive its pro- nations point out to social dis- The present government sup- phetic role. Corruption is rampant, crimination in our society. We have ports the issue in private. But curtailing the societal develop- been very quick to voice against they prefer that the Supreme ment. Moral integrity is vanishing. apartheid in South Africa and rac- Court sanctions the reservation. Personal and social probity is at ism in America. That way, they can take the credit risk. The church needs to get her for it without the expected politi- Major strengths of the own house in order to become a cal attack from Hindutva forces. Indian church? challenging prophet. But the denial of reservation ben- We are grateful to Pope John Secondly care has to be taken efits to the Dalit Christians is not Paul II for taking a stand against not to irrationally subscribe to defensible constitutionally. caste discrimination in the Church; Western liberalism, a side effect of International advocacy he spoke plainly about it to the globalization. Western liberalism on the Dalit issue? bishops of South India. Church has done away with god, family Equality is enshrined in the law leaders have started to speak open- and personal morality. The loss books banning the practice of ly about discrimination against of family structure and family untouchability. But the social Dalits within the church as well. integrity can lead to great crisis. reality is otherwise, just as it was The church in India is increasingly The Indian church must find its in US, with the blacks. Western transformational in its mission own moral in the Holy governments have started to agenda. The Church is becoming Scriptures and the great Christian understand the depth of this more open to justice issues. traditions. problem. There is global recog- The loopholes in Church nition today that even after 60 functioning? years of independence, Indian The Church needs an attitudinal COMP society is caste ridden, that caste change. There is still an inability to

38 Smart Companion India April 2011 Smart Companion India April 2011 39 LOGOS

April 22 2. Jesus’ last words are uttered the tomb of Jesus at the request to his mother and his beloved of Mary, while she goes there on Good Friday disciple (Jn 19:26-27). He entrusts her own initiative. Again, the two Context and Theme his mother to the protection of men depart from the tomb as Good Friday’s mediation focuses his disciple and vice versa. Even at soon as they realize that the tomb on the suffering and death of Je- the moment of his crucifixion and is empty. But Mary stays back at sus. The uniqueness of his death is death, he attends to the suffering the tomb weeping (20:11) urged that he died for the sake of others of his dear ones. If your attention by her ardent love and personal (Mk14:24). His life was sacrificed is focussed on your pain and suf- rapport with Jesus. This paves as a ransom for many (Mk 10:45). ferings you will not be able to see the way for her to become the Total other-centeredness marked the pain of your dear ones. On the first witness to the Risen Lord Jesus’ life as well as his death, contrary, if you try to alleviate the (20:16). Mary’s relationship with which was historically unique. sufferings of others, your prob- Jesus directs her life and choices. lems and pain would become more Message It has to be so with every disciple 1. What are the main messages bearable and comparatively trivial. of Jesus. Your life and activities must be guided by your personal Jesus’ death convey to us? At his April 24: Easter Sunday death, Mark reports two events, relationship with Jesus. For this, i.e., the curtain of the temple is Jn 20: 1-9 you need to nurture an intimacy torn from top to bottom, and Context and Theme with Jesus. That will enable you to the centurion proclaims that the Today’s gospel passages forms be attentive to the directions of crucified Jesus is the Son of God part of the resurrection narrative your heart and enable you to lead (Mk 15:38-39). The tearing of the by John (20:1-21:25). The purpose a life accordingly. Then, your life curtain signifies that what follows of this narrative is not only to and activities become more fruitful his death is a revelation. The sub- testify to Jesus’ resurrection but for the Kingdom, more salvific for sequent revelation comes through also to describe how his disciples you and others. the centurion - the crucified Jesus come to believe in the Risen Lord. 2. When they enter into the is the Son of God. In other words, Among those who are confirmed tomb they find the linen clothes Jesus who has sacrificed himself in this belief are Mary Magdalene, and the napkin lying there (20:6-7). totally for the sake of others (Mk Peter, John the beloved disciple, Seeing these, they believe (20:8). 14:24; 10:45) is the Son of God. Thomas and the twelve. Jn. 20:1-9 What they see is just some signs Jesus’ death unveils the unique describes how Mary Magdalene and indicators. But these lead way to become a son/daughter and the two disciples bear witness them to believe in the Risen Lord. of God. It is to give yourself to to the empty tomb. Often, your life also will present you with small, apparently insig- others after the model set by Jesus. Message In your day to day life, Jesus wants nificant signs. But by making use that you lead a life for the sake of 1. In this resurrection narrative, of these you have to deepen your your dear ones, accepting all the we meet three people, viz., Mary faith in Je- sus. Inci- hardships, sufferings it entails. At Magdalene, Peter, and the beloved dents and turning each moment of such a life, you disciple. They demonstrate two points in your life keep becoming a son/daughter of distinct responses to the death of do not happen God. Jesus. The two disciples come to by chance but they

Path to Life & Glory A simple, unique exegeti- cal journey through the Sunday Gospels

40 Smart Companion India April 2011 Smart Companion India April 2011 41 are instrumental to encounter the of the Jews and so they stick to- Message Lord and to grow in your faith life. gether hiding behind locked doors The disciples are gloomy (24:17) 3. Angels ask Mary, why she (20:19). The risen Jesus appears to and they are slow of heart to is weeping (20:13). Later Jesus them alleviating their fear. On the believe (24:25). For, their hearts repeats the same question to her contrary, while it is still dark, Mary are focussed on the suffering and (20:15). However, Mary mistakes Magdalene goes alone to the tomb death of Jesus (24:20-21), a total him for the gardener. Often your (20:1). There she is gifted with the failure of the hopes they pitched sorrows and tears may blur your vision of her Risen Master (20:16). on him. When you are focussed vision and right perception. You The Risen Jesus extends the vision on the negatives of your life, you may even fail to recognise Jesus of his glory, the experience of his are easily prone to become sad and who stands nearby. This is the concern to both the categories of depressed. Jesus instead points danger that can happen to you, if people - those shrouded in fear to the ideal way. He calls their you focus your attention on your and those who courageously risk attention to the Word of God, sorrows and tears. On the contrary, their all. Dread and daring are part and interprets all the incidents of in the moments of your sorrows of your day today experience. It is his life as the fulfilment of God’s and tears you have to direct your important that you keep trusting plan (24:26-27). In the moments attention towards Jesus who is because Jesus can use both these of pain and suffering, you too are with you. situations as opportunities for his invited to get back to the Word revelation. He is with you both in May 1: 2nd Sunday of Easter of God, to discern the designs the moments of your fear as well of God for your life. Once you Jn 20:19-31 as in the moments of your cour- discern the will of God in the daily Context and Theme age. Once you have this insight, happenings of your life, your life Today’s gospel passage is part you will neither lose heart in the becomes serene. of the resurrection narrative of moments of your trepidation nor The disciples are downcast John (20:1-21:25). The purpose turn arrogant in the moments of (24:17) even when Jesus is with of this narrative is not only to your valour. them. They are too numbed to testify to Jesus’ resurrection but 3. Jesus shows his wounded see and recognize him. The fact is also to describe how his disciples hands and side to his disciples that even in the moments of your come to believe in the Risen Lord. (20:20). He does the same with suffering Jesus is with you. The Their faith in the Risen Jesus is Thomas in order to bring him question is whether you are able disseminated through sharing of back faith (20:27). Here is a great to sense his presence. The surest their personal experience of him. revelation - it is wounds that gen- way to recognize Jesus’ presence Mary Magdalene shares it with the erate faith. Your dear ones place in your life is to listen to the Word disciples (20:18), the disciples tells their trust in you once they see of God (24:25-27) and to part- it to Thomas (20:25), and through the wounds you have endured for take in the breaking of the bread him this faith is communicated to them. Love, inter personal relation- (24:30-31). That will enable you all other believers (20:29). ships, and family bonds advance to recognize Jesus who is present with the experience of the wounds Message with you people endure for each other. So The eyes of the disciples are Within a short span of time, do not flee away from pain and opened, when Jesus breaks the the disciples are seen displaying sufferings, because they are the bread and give it to his disciples contrasting emotions. Initially they means to mature your relation- (24:30-31). It is during the meal, are afraid (20:19) but later they ships. their eyes ‘open’ to recognize are filled with joy (20:20). Their Jesus. It happens that quite often fear is of the Jews, while the cause May 8: 3rd Sunday of Easter you share your meal with your of their gladness is Jesus. What Lk 24:13-35 dear ones, at home or out. It is up is important is the focus of their Context and Theme to you to strive to make all your mind. When their mind is focussed Luke, in chapter 24, narrates meals an occasion of sharing and on the Jews, fear surmounts. But thanksgiving –sharing with your when the focus shifts on to Jesus the resurrection of Jesus and his appearances. Immediately after the dear ones and rendering thanks to they are overwhelmed with joy. God. These are the moments your This will be the same in your life resurrection narrative (24:1-12), he tells the story of the disciples on eyes will open to recognise God’s as well. Focus your attention on to presence in and around you. Jesus and your heart will overflow their way to Emmaus. Jesus comes with joy and peace. and walks along with them. Jesus’ Dr. Jacob Naluparayil MCBS 2. Mary Magdalene and the interpretation of the Scriptures disciples display two contrasting and the breaking of the bread, emotions. The disciples are afraid opens their eyes to recognize him. COMP

40 Smart Companion India April 2011 Smart Companion India April 2011 41 media scan

The Social Network A timely film on modern technology and its aftermath biography-drama- history but for this entrepreneur, success good advice are quickly lost in the A film chronicling the found- leads to both personal and legal half-baked and exaggerated social ing of Facebook, the social-net- complications. rebellion fantasies he seems to live, working Web site. The film is di- The director David Fincher por- through partying and taking co- rected by David Fincher. It features trays Mark (Jesse Eisenberg) as a caine with underage interns. Parker Jesse Eisenberg, Andrew Garfield, brains-all college student, a brilliant and Eduardo clash from their very Justin Timberlake, Brenda Song, computer programmer, a driven, first meeting. Eduardo’s down-to- Armie Hammer, Max Minghella, caring and restless revolutionary earth sensibilities are quite easily Rashida Jones, Joseph Mazzello, and a self-pitying misanthrope. It trumped in Mark’s imagination and Rooney Mara. is his inherent intrigue and cha- by Parker’s ‘conquer the world’ Aaron Sorkin adapted his screen- risma that really engages the audi- mentality. This Shakespearian love play from Ben Mezrich’s 2009 ence. This comes to the fore in his triangle relocated into the busi- nonfiction book The Accidental brushes with establishment figures ness world finally erupts when Billionaires. Sorkin also makes a (mostly prosecution lawyers). Eduardo is tricked out of his share cameo appearance as a would-be He dissects with a keen eye their of Facebook. This culminates in advertiser. Neither founder Mark rhetoric and jargon. It is in these a terrific showdown in the newly Zuckerberg nor any other mem- moments Mark appears most vul- purchased Facebook offices and ber of the Facebook team were nerable though. He puts on a cool Mark is sued for $600 million by involved with the project. manner and a brave front. his ‘best friend’. The film won the award for Best Essentially though, The Social Overall, The Social Network is a Motion Picture – Drama at the Network is a film about Mark’s funny, gripping and well-conceived 68th Golden Globe Awards on relationships with people - his best film. The characters are written January 16, 2011, and awards for friend and co-founder of Face- very well, and played brilliantly. It’s the Best Director, Best Screenplay book Eduardo Saverin (Andrew a good story, quite extraordinary. and Best Original Score. The Feb- Garfield), his ex-girlfriend Erica The impetuous infighting between ruary 13, 2011, BAFTA awarded it Albright (Rooney Mara) and his 19 year olds who have made bil- for the Best Editing, Best Adapted acquired business partner Sean lions from an idea is not left with- Screenplay, and Best Director. Parker (Justin Timberlake). At out redemption. Agreements are On a fall night in 2003, Harvard the story’s beginning Mark and made. Our readers will be glad to undergrad and computer program- Eduardo are the closest of friends, know that there is enough in $25 ming genius Mark Zuckerberg sits and they embark together on ‘the billion to share around between down at his computer and heatedly facebook’ project. As Facebook half a dozen people after all. begins working on a new idea. In takes off, however, Mark’s vision The film is loaded heavily with a fury of blogging and program- seems increasingly pointed up- American English, spoken as ming, what begins in his dorm wards and away from the grounded youngsters do, and those not used room soon becomes a global social reality. This is compounded by to following such language will network and a revolution in com- the appearance of Parker, a sort find it a wordy film. munication. A mere six years, he is of weekend anarchist playboy Aaron Kilkenny-Fletcher the youngest billionaire in history... character. His genuine nuggets of COMP

42 Smart Companion India April 2011 RENEWAL COURSE ON CHRISTIAN SPIRITUALITY

FOR SISTERS, BROTHERS AND PRIESTS WHO ARE PROSPECTIVE COMMUNITY LEADERS, ANIMATORS, FORMATORS, COUNSELLORS AND THOSE WHO ARE INTERESTED IN PERSONAL SPIRITUAL RENEWAL AT ADHYATMA VIDYA PEETHAM (AVP) INTERNATIONAL INSTITUTE OF SPIRITUALITY CARMELARAM, BANGALORE ESTD : 1976

WELCOME TO THE 36th INTENSIVE DIPLOMA COURSE FOR 9 MONTHS: JULY 1, 2011 - MARCH 31, 2012 This unique course conducted in English at the International Institute affiliated to “Teresianum”, Pontifical Institute of Spirituality, Rome, aims at a deep prayer life, a course of academic studies covering all fields of Christian Spirituality in the Indian context and practical experience in community living. This course may be followed also by those who are under formation as a part of their preparation for the final profession. CScholarship is available. Prospectus and application forms may be obtained from the office A of the Institute. Early application may facilitate ensuring a seat. Fr. Director A.V.P., Carmelaram Bangalore 560 035, India Phone : 080-28439223, 28439563, 28439562 Fax : 080-28439564 Director mobile : 09449646208 Asst. Director mobile : 09449231742 E-mail: [email protected] Website: www.avpindia.com April 2011 / Smart Companion India RNI No KER M6 17349/10 (R-DY)

Printed, Published and Edited by Jacob Chacko, owned by Jacob Chacko. Published from Kalpaka Bungalow, Perumanoor P O, Kochi 682 015. Eranakulam Dt. and Printed at Mangalam Press, Kottayam. Editor: Jacob Chacko