The Armenian Genocide Blood Money Trail: the Greatest Theft in History, and the USA, UK and France Were Involved!

Total Page：16

File Type：pdf, Size：1020Kb

The Armenian Genocide Blood Money Trail: the greatest theft in history, and the USA, UK and France were involved! London, United Kingdom Berlin, Germany 4 3 4 Western Armenia, Paris, France Ottoman New York, United States Empire Constantinople, 5 2 Ottoman Empire 1 6 Incirlik Airbase, Turkey 1. Western Armenia: six million Turkish gold pounds plus property (20,545 buildings, 2,549 religious sites and 1,082 km2 of land), and wealth were stolen from about 1.5 million unarmed Armenians murdered from 24 April 1915 (some of this was used to pay the Turks and Kurds who committed the killings, so Armenians effectively paid for their own genocide). 2. Constantinople: during 1915-1916 looted blood money was transferred to the State Treasury in Constantinople. 3. Berlin: five million Turkish gold pounds of Armenian assets was funnelled to the Reichsbank in 1916 in exchange for promissory notes to pay for German weapons and aid during WWI. On 29 October 1918, Dr. Nazim Bey took 65,000 Turkish gold pounds and 600,000 Turkish gold pounds worth of jewellery, when fleeing a death sentence to Germany. 4. London/Paris: During the 1919 Paris Peace Conference, the Armenian delegation assessed USD3.7 billion of losses (US$50 billion+ today, compared to Nazi bank theft of US$5.6 billion) just by the Armenian Church. Instead of returning the Armenian wealth, the UK and France sold it to the United States via J.P. Morgan Bank in Paris to New York, for U. S. Treasury Certificates – thus the ‘ethical’ West laundered money stolen from a murdered minority. 5. New York: in 1918, the Turkish government attempted to get the money from 2,400 New York Life insurance policies of Armenians it had killed, arguing that there were no identifiable heirs to the policy holders, but did not succeed. 6. Incirlik: the United States spends billions supporting Incirlik Base in SE Turkey. Unlike France which has the courage to recognise the Armenian genocide, shamefully the United States and the UK do not because Turkey threatens access to Incirlik if the truth is recognised (http://www.theguardian.com/world/2010/mar/05/turkey-us-vote-armenian-genocide). http://originsdiscovery.com .

Copy Link

Recommended publications

The Protection of Historical Artifacts in Ottoman Empire: the Permanent Council for the Protection of Ancient Artifactsi
Universal Journal of Educational Research 7(2): 600-608, 2019 http://www.hrpub.org DOI: 10.13189/ujer.2019.070233 The Protection of Historical Artifacts in Ottoman Empire: The Permanent Council for the i Protection of Ancient Artifacts Sefa Yildirim*, Fatih Öztop Department of History, Faculty of Science and Letters, Ağrı İbrahim Çeçen University, Turkey Copyright©2019 by authors, all rights reserved. Authors agree that this article remains permanently open access under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License 4.0 International License Abstract The historical artifacts that reveal the social, establishment, functioning, duties and activities of the political, aesthetic, moral, architectural, etc. stages, before-said council are tried to be explained. through which the human beings have been; which transfer and reveal information from past to present and Keywords Historical Artifacts, Protection of future; which have an artistic, historical or archaeological Historical Artifacts, Council importance are very important physical elements that the present-day civilized societies protect or must protect as cultural values. Such works both strengthen the ties to the past due to the transfer of cultural heritage to existing and 1 . Introduction future generations and plays a very important role in the writing of the past through the data provided to the The first initiative for the protection of the historical researchers. The protection of the historical artifacts was artifacts in the Ottoman Empire can be considered as the under sharia laws until 1858 in Ottoman Empire, since beginning of the storage of two collections of old weapons then, some regulations were done about this issue, in the and artifacts since 1846 in the Hagia Irene Church end, The Permanent Council for the Protection of Ancient (Sertoğlu & Açık, 2013, p.160).
[Show full text]
Mehmet Sabri Toprak*
Cumhuriyetin Biyografik Temellerinden: Mehmet Sabri Toprak* Serhat Küçük** ORCİD: 0000-0002-5623-5824 Öz Tarihsel olaylar, ekonomik ve toplumsal pek çok etkenin yanı sıra belirli ölçüde kişisel saiklerle gerçekleşir. Biyografiler özellikle kişi eksenli siyasi yapılanmaların anlaşılması açısından son derece önemlidir. Olağanüstü sayılamayacak insanların biyografileri de eğer yeterli zenginlikte belgelerle desteklenmişse, geçmişin o biyografi yazılmazsa karanlıkta kalacak bir yönüne ışık tutabilir. Aynı şekilde sistemli bir biyografi, birincil kaynakların eleştirel biçimde kullanılabilmesi için bir anlamda şarttır.Döneminin meşhur, bugünün meçhul isimlerinden biri olan Mehmet Sabri Toprak da bu minvalde Cumhuriyet’in inşa sürecinin tarihini yazarken yararlanılması gereken biyografik temellerden biridir. Telgrafçılıktan Ziraat Vekilliği’ne dek geniş bir yelpazede faaliyet göstermiştir. Osmanlı’dan Cumhuriyet’e meclis yapılanmaları içinde mebus olarak bulunması hasebiyle de döneminin parlamenter sistem tecrübesi en yüksek şahsiyetleri arasında yer alır. Kendisini tanımak ve yaptıklarını değerlendirmek şüphesiz ki hem geç Osmanlı hem de Cumhuriyet döneminde yaşananların anlaşılıp açıklanmasına katkı sağlayacaktır. Anahtar Kelimeler: Mehmet Sabri Toprak, Biyografi, Cumhuriyet Tarihi, Osmanlı Tarihi, Modernleşme Gönderme Tarihi: 10/11/2018 Kabul Tarihi:10/12/2018 * Bu çalışma 17-19 Kasım 2016 tarihleri arasında Turgutlu’da düzenlenen Uluslararası Turgutlu Sempozyumu’nda Sabri Toprak ile ilgili sunulan tebliğ genişletilerek hazırlanmıştır. ** Dr. Öğret. Üyesi, Hacettepe Üniversitesi Edebiyat Fakültesi Tarih Bölümü, E-Posta: [email protected] © 2018 ATDD Tüm Hakları Saklıdır Akademik Tarih ve Düşünce Dergisi 2018, 5 (18), ss.121-150 Küçük One of the biographical foundations of the Republic of Turkey: Mehmet Sabri Toprak Abstract Historical events derive from, in addition to the economic and social factors, some individual incentives. Biographies are especially important to understand man-oriented political structures.
[Show full text]
The Ottoman Documents and the Genocidal Policies of the Committee for Union and Progress (İttihat Ve Terakki) Toward the Armenians in 1915
Genocide Studies and Prevention: An International Journal Volume 1 Issue 2 Article 5 September 2006 The Ottoman Documents and the Genocidal Policies of the Committee for Union and Progress (İttihat ve Terakki) toward the Armenians in 1915 Taner Akçam Follow this and additional works at: https://scholarcommons.usf.edu/gsp Recommended Citation Akçam, Taner (2006) "The Ottoman Documents and the Genocidal Policies of the Committee for Union and Progress (İttihat ve Terakki) toward the Armenians in 1915," Genocide Studies and Prevention: An International Journal: Vol. 1: Iss. 2: Article 5. Available at: https://scholarcommons.usf.edu/gsp/vol1/iss2/5 This Article is brought to you for free and open access by the Open Access Journals at Scholar Commons. It has been accepted for inclusion in Genocide Studies and Prevention: An International Journal by an authorized editor of Scholar Commons. For more information, please contact [email protected]. The Ottoman Documents and the Genocidal Policies of the Committee for Union and Progress (_Ittihat ve Terakki) toward the Armenians in 1915 Taner Akc¸am University of Minnesota The author analyzes the Ottoman Archives as a source of information on the Armenian Genocide of 1915. He discusses the contradictory positions of two broad groups of scholars on the reliability of these archives, concluding that the Ottoman Archives agree with the information found in the archives of the United States, Britain, Germany, and Austria. He discusses the various categories of Ottoman documents, which mostly came out during the trials related to the Armenian Genocide, which took place from 1919 to 1921, and makes clear that there was a wide-ranging cleansing operation of the archives after the armistice in 1918.
[Show full text]
Another Enemy: the Dönmes Or Crypto-Jews1
Another Enemy: The Dönmes or Crypto-Jews1 [For those unfamiliar with modern Turkish orthography: apart from the umlauted vowels found in Turkish, ö and ü, which are pronounced like their German equivalents, there are several other letters pronounced differently than their English equivalents: ‘c’ is pronounced like a hard ‘j’ (as in ‘jump’), ‘ç’ is pronounced like the English ‘ch’ (as in ‘church’), ‘ğ’ merely extends the vowel preceding it, while the undotted ‘ı’ is darker and more glottal than the English ‘i’ (as in the unwritten ‘i’ sound in trrrr), and the Turkish dotted ‘i’ is pronounced like the English long ‘e’ (as in ‘free’). Thus the word ‘Bıçakçıoğlu’ would be pronounced: b’chack-chih-owe-loo] An ‘enemy’ frequently encountered in the anti-Semitic rhetoric that occupies a significant place in the intellectual world of Turkey’s right is the crypto-Jewish community known as the Dönmes.2 The main reason that they are seen as ‘enemies’ is the opinion, widespread among the Turkish public, that converts to Islam never truly accept the religion of Islam and continue to practice their Christianity or Judaism in secret. This is reflected in the popular saying ‘Dönmes (religious converts) never change.’ (‘Dönmeler aslında dönmez’).3 But although this view is held towards converts in general, when the term dönme is used in rightist parlance, it appears, with few exeptions, not in reference to Greek, Armenian or even Jewish converts to Islam, but more specifically to the followers of the 17th century Jewish messianic claimant Sabbatai Sevi and their descendants. Following Sevi’s lead, many of his adherents outwardly converted to Islam, while continuing to observe the heterodox Judaic practices instituted by their leader.
[Show full text]
The Turkish ORDEAL
The Turkish ORDEAL Being the further memoirs of HALIDE EDIB With a frontispiece in color by ALEXANDRE PANKOFF And many illustrations from photographs THE CENTURY CO. New York London DEDICATED TO THE YOUTH OF THE NATIONS REPRESENTED IN THE TURKISH ORDEAL “My story is simple. It does not aim at a moral. But I pray that the future Youth who will read it may tear away the veil behind which they slew each other and were slain . recognize their likeness in the eyes of their brothers . grip each other’s hands . and on the old Ruins of hatred and Desolation erect a New World of Brotherhood and Peace.” CONTENTS PART I IN ISTAMBOUL CHAPTER I PREPARATORY EVENTS TO THE NATIONALIST MOVEMENT II THE OCCUPATION OF SMYRNA AND THE INTERNAL UPHEAVAL III REFUGEE FOR THE SECOND TIME PART II IN ANGORA IV ANGORA, MUSTAFA KEMAL, AND THE STRUGGLE V IMPORTANT PHASES OF THE CIVIL WAR VI PEOPLE, HORSES, AND DOGS VII THE LAST OF THE IRREGULARS AND THE NEW ARMY VIII THE FIRST GLIMPSE PART III AT THE FRONT IX HOW I JOINED THE ARMY X SAKARIA XI CORPORAL HALIDE XII THROUGH ORDEAL TO IDEAL XIII IN SMYRNA XIV FROM SMYRNA TO BROUSSA XV THE RESPITE CHAPTER I PREPARATORY EVENTS TO THE NATIONALIST MOVEMENT (October 30, 1918 – May 15, 1919) My own condition – physical and mental – at that time might be taken as typical of the general feeling in my country after the armistice was signed and the Allied troops had entered. I felt stupefied, tired, and utterly sick of all that had happened since 1914.
[Show full text]
Elisabeth Kontogiorgi Forced Migration, Repatriation
ELISABETH KONTOGIORGI FORCED MIGRATION, REPATRIATION, EXODUS. THE CASE OF GANOS-CHORA AND MYRIOPHYTO-PERISTASIS ORTHODOX COMMUNITIES IN EASTERN THRACE* The phenomenon of forced migration of populations and the refugee problem in the Balkans are directly connected with the rise of nationalism in the late 19th and early 20th centuries. Conflicting nationalisms in the region effected decisively the lives and fortunes of the national “minorities” which, after the wars, found themselves enclosed within the various newly-formed national states. The object of this paper is a survey of the factors leading to the popula tion changes in the Greek communities of the rural dioceses (ecclesiastical provinces) of Ganos-Chora and Myriophyto-Peristasis in Eastern Thrace, largely resulting from the forced migration and the repatriation of their in habitants between 1913-1923. This period was the harbinger of their com pulsory migration in accordance with terms of the Convention for the ex change of populations signed at Lausanne (30.1.1923) and which, for the first time, brought to the fore the concept of the exchange of populations as a means of solving the differences between states with common borders which lay claim to ethnologically mixed regions1. * The following essay is based on a paper presented at the Symposium “Aspects of the Asia Minor Question. Historical Approach and Implications”, held at the Aristotle Univer sity of Thessaloniki, Department of Modern and Contemporary History and Folklore, on the 16th-17th October 1992. It draws upon unpublished archival material from both the General State Archives and the A. A. Pallis Archive. The Greek text is to be included in the Proceedings of the Symposium.
[Show full text]
Full Issue 1.2
Genocide Studies and Prevention: An International Journal Volume 1 Issue 2 Article 1 September 2006 Full Issue 1.2 Follow this and additional works at: https://scholarcommons.usf.edu/gsp Recommended Citation (2006) "Full Issue 1.2," Genocide Studies and Prevention: An International Journal: Vol. 1: Iss. 2: Article 1. Available at: https://scholarcommons.usf.edu/gsp/vol1/iss2/1 This Front Matter is brought to you for free and open access by the Open Access Journals at Scholar Commons. It has been accepted for inclusion in Genocide Studies and Prevention: An International Journal by an authorized editor of Scholar Commons. For more information, please contact [email protected]. The Significance of the Armenian Genocide after Ninety Years Roger W. Smith Each genocide provides a foundation for subsequent horrors. Each historical misrepresentation of efforts to exterminate a particular ethnic group increases the likelihood that such efforts will be undertaken again in another time and place. That over one million Armenian men, women, and children could have been subjected to genocide by the Young Turk government in 1915 and that the world for many years would not remember is profoundly disturbing. Not to remember the suffering of the victims is, above all, a failure of humanity and compassion on our part—a lack of respect and care for fellow humans who have fallen victim to the ultimate outrage against justice, the death of a people. We do not ordinarily think of the dead as having rights, but there is at least one they possess: the right to have the world ‘‘hear and learn the truth about the circumstances of their death.’’1 This is the one right that, ninety years later, can still be restored to them, and surely we can do no less.
[Show full text]
Kalpler Beraber…
Sarı Lacivert Dergisi / Sayı 14 / 2018 / ilkbahar Başkan’dan Kalpler beraber… Futbol… Şimdi Fenerbahçe’de yeni bir dönem başlıyor… Basketbol… Fenerbahçemiz için, Voleybol… Fenerbahçemiz’in geleceği Atletizm… için olmazsa olmaz bir isimdir Yelken… Başkanımız Ali Koç... A. Sertaç Komsuoğlu Kürek… Ali Koç, Fenerbahçe yönetiminde olduğu ve olmadığı dönemlerde Boks… hep Fenerbahçe’ye katkı Hep birlikte, Masa Tenisi… sağlamıştır, büyük destekler el ele, ‘tek vermiştir. Başkanımız Ali Koç’un, Yüzme... vücut’ taraftarlarımızın ve kongremizin Onlarca tesis… büyük desteğiyle göreve gelmesi Fenerbahçemizi Fenerbahçe'yi çok daha yukarılara en iyi noktalara Türkiye’nin her ilinde temsilcilikler… taşıyacaktır. getirmek için Yurt dışı temsilcilikleri… Fenerbahçe her dönem, Türkiye On binlerce üye… ve Türk sporu için vazgeçilmez bir ‘Tam zamanı camia olmuştur. şimdi…’ Yani… Hep birlikte, el ele, ‘tek vücut’ Yanisi açık… Fenerbahçemizi en iyi noktalara Türkiye için, Türk sporu için, kilit bir getirmek için ‘Tam zamanı şimdi…’ kurumdur Fenerbahçe… Teşekkürlerimizle… Türkiye için Fenerbahçe seçimleri Fenerbahçe’nin tarihi Kongresi’nde çok önemlidir, ülke gündeminin ana Başkanımız Ali Koç’un listesinde maddesidir. yer almanın onuru ve gururunu Fenerbahçe, Türkiye’nin en önemli yaşadım. Bizi davasına ortak markası olmaktan öte Türkiye’nin en eden Başkanımıza, aynı şekilde büyük sivil toplum örgütüdür. bize bu görevi oylarıyla veren Fenerbahçemiz kongre üyelerine ve Türk sporunun gelişimine tabii ki bize kalplerini, gönüllerini baktığımızda özellikle spor veren taraftarlarımıza teşekkürü ekonomisinin büyümesi borç biliyorum. yolunda Fenerbahçe kritik bir rol üstlenmiştir. Kalpler beraber… İMTİYAZ SAHİBİ Sarı Lacivert Derneği adına Yönetim Kurulu Başkanı Sertaç Komsuoğlu SORUMLU YAZI İŞLERİ MÜDÜRÜ Emin Kaya Yeni binamızda ilk 14 YAZI İŞLERİ Yeni binamız Elif Gür hizmete girdi Yönetim Kurulu Toplantısı Fenerbahçe’de Burak Söylemez Ali Koç Dönemi Gözde Emlik 06 08 REKLAM Ayşegül Yıldırım Ayşe Işık Alp Zeynep Turan Bacıoğlu yazdı..
[Show full text]
Revisiting the Armenian Genocide by Guenter Lewy Middle East Quarterly Fall 2005
http://www.meforum.org/article/748 This item is available on the Middle East Forum website, at http://www.meforum.org/article/748 Revisiting the Armenian Genocide by Guenter Lewy Middle East Quarterly Fall 2005 The debate over what happened to Armenians in the Ottoman Empire during World War I remains acrimonious ninety years after it began. Armenians say they were the victims of the first genocide of the twentieth century. Most Turks say Armenians died during intercommunal fighting and during a wartime relocation necessitated by security concerns because the Armenians sympathized with and many fought on the side of the enemy. For genocide scholars, the claims of the Armenians have become incontrovertible historical fact. But many historians, both in Turkey and the West, have questioned the appropriateness of the genocide label.[1] The ramifications of the dispute are wide-reaching. The Armenians, encouraged by strong support in France, insist on a Turkish confession and apology as a prerequisite for Turkey's admission into the European Union. Ankara's relations with Yerevan remain frozen because of the dispute. Across the West, Armenian activists try politically to predetermine the historical debate by demanding various parliaments pass resolutions recognizing the Armenian genocide. The key issue in this controversy is not the extent of Armenian suffering; both sides agree that several hundred thousand Christians perished during the deportation of the Armenians from Anatolia to the Syrian desert and elsewhere in 1915-16.[2] With little notice, the Ottoman government forced men, women, and children from their homes. Many died of starvation or disease during a harrowing trek over mountains and through deserts.
[Show full text]
Childhood in the Late Ottoman Empire and After
Childhood in the Late Ottoman Empire and After <UN> The Ottoman Empire and its Heritage Politics, Society and Economy Edited by Suraiya Faroqhi Halil İnalcık Boğaç Ergene Advisory Board Fikret Adanır – Antonis Anastasopoulos – Idris Bostan Palmira Brummett – Amnon Cohen – Jane Hathaway Klaus Kreiser – Hans Georg Majer – Ahmet Yaşar Ocak Abdeljelil Temimi VOLUME 59 The titles published in this series are listed at brill.com/oeh <UN> Childhood in the Late Ottoman Empire and After Edited by Benjamin C. Fortna LEIDEN | BOSTON <UN> This is an open access title distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution-Noncommercial 3.0 Unported (cc-by-nc 3.0) License, which permits any non-commercial use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original author(s) and source are credited. The Open Access publication of this book was made possible by the generous support of the British Academy. Cover illustration: Illustration from a children’s textbook accompanying a poem entitled “You’ll Be a Soldier!,” which epitomizes the mixed expectations for children in this period. Source: Seracettin [Hisaroğlu], Çocuk Kitabı: Kolay Kıraat (İlk mektep – İkinci sınıf ) (Istanbul: Kütüphane-i Hilmi, 1341 [1925]), 51. This publication has been typeset in the multilingual “Brill” typeface. With over 5,100 characters covering Latin, ipa, Greek, and Cyrillic, this typeface is especially suitable for use in the humanities. For more information, please see www.brill.com/brill-typeface. issn 1380-6076 isbn 978-90-04-29312-0 (hardback) isbn 978-90-04-30580-9 (e-book) Copyright 2016 by the Editor and Authors. This work is published by Koninklijke Brill nv.
[Show full text]
The 1914 Cleansing of Aegean Greeks As a Case of Violent Turkification
Journal of Genocide Research (2008), 10(1), March, 41–57 The 1914 cleansing of Aegean Greeks as a case of violent Turkification MATTHIAS BJØRNLUND In 1992, Greek historian Ioannis Hassiotis wrote that “[i]t is strange that both Greek and Armenian historians should have treated the first persecutions of the Greeks in 1913–14 and the Armenian Genocide of 1915 as separate phenomena.”1 The tendency to treat as separate phenomena various aspects of CUP policies of what I would dub “violent Turkification”—interconnected policies of, for example, ethnic cleansing and genocide aimed at the homogenization of the Ottoman Empire—is not new, nor can it merely be seen in the writings of Greek and Armenian scholars. Before, during, and after WWI, the wide range of mainly Western diplomats, missionaries, etc. in the empire would primarily witness and report on the specific aspect of CUP policies that was the Armenian genocide—a fact that has often been reflected in scholarly accounts that have likewise tended to focus on this event rather than on the persecution of other groups.2 Two main reasons for this seem to be that: (1) before, during, and after the Armenian genocide many such observers (especially missionaries) worked among Armenians rather than among, for example, Greeks or Assyrians; and (2) these observers were there- fore generally more receptive to the suffering of those they had often literally built their lives around, and were placed at geographical locations where they could mainly observe the destruction of the Armenians. A third reason is that many saw the Armenian genocide, with its widespread, large-scale, and systematic massacres and death marches, as more condensed in time and more radical in its intent and execution than other campaigns of destruction.
[Show full text]
The Ottoman Home Front During World War I: Everyday Politics, Society, and Culture
The Ottoman Home Front during World War I: Everyday Politics, Society, and Culture Dissertation Presented in Partial Fulfillment of the Requirements for the Degree Doctor of Philosophy in the Graduate School of The Ohio State University By Yiğit Akın Graduate Program in History The Ohio State University 2011 Dissertation Committee: Carter V. Findley, Advisor Jane Hathaway David L. Hoffman Copyright by Yiğit Akın 2011 ABSTRACT This dissertation aims to examine the socio-economic and cultural dimensions of the home-front experience of the Ottoman people during World War I. It explores the new realities that the war created in the form of mass conscription, a state-controlled economy, government requisitioning of grain and possessions, widespread shortages, forcible deportations and voluntary displacements, death, and grief. Using archival and non-archival sources, it also focuses on how Ottomans wrestled with these wartime realities. World War I required the most comprehensive mobilization of men and resources in the history of the Ottoman Empire. In order to wage a war of unprecedented scope effectively, the Ottoman government assumed new powers, undertook new responsibilities, and expanded its authority in many areas. Civilian and military authorities constantly experimented with new policies in order to meet the endless needs of the war and extended the state’s capacity to intervene in the distant corners of the empire to extract people and resources to a degree not seen before. Victory in the war became increasingly dependent on the successful integration of the armies in the field and the home-front population, a process that inescapably led to the erosion of the distinction between the military and civilian realms.
[Show full text]