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The Crimean Khanate, Ottomans and the Rise of the Russian Empire*
STRUGGLE FOR EAST-EUROPEAN EMPIRE: 1400-1700 The Crimean Khanate, Ottomans and the Rise of the Russian Empire* HALİL İNALCIK The empire of the Golden Horde, built by Batu, son of Djodji and the grand son of Genghis Khan, around 1240, was an empire which united the whole East-Europe under its domination. The Golden Horde empire comprised ali of the remnants of the earlier nomadic peoples of Turkic language in the steppe area which were then known under the common name of Tatar within this new political framework. The Golden Horde ruled directly över the Eurasian steppe from Khwarezm to the Danube and över the Russian principalities in the forest zone indirectly as tribute-paying states. Already in the second half of the 13th century the western part of the steppe from the Don river to the Danube tended to become a separate political entity under the powerful emir Noghay. In the second half of the 14th century rival branches of the Djodjid dynasty, each supported by a group of the dissident clans, started a long struggle for the Ulugh-Yurd, the core of the empire in the lower itil (Volga) river, and for the title of Ulugh Khan which meant the supreme ruler of the empire. Toktamish Khan restored, for a short period, the unity of the empire. When defeated by Tamerlane, his sons and dependent clans resumed the struggle for the Ulugh-Khan-ship in the westem steppe area. During ali this period, the Crimean peninsula, separated from the steppe by a narrow isthmus, became a refuge area for the defeated in the steppe. -
00 DEMOKRASI K.Indd
Derleyenler Ahmet T. Kuru - Alfred Stepan TÜRKİYE’DE DEMOKRASİ, İSLÂM VE LAİKLİK Derleyenler Ahmet T. Kuru - Alfred Stepan TÜRKİYE’DE DEMOKRASİ, İSLÂM VE LAİKLİK Çeviren Hande Tatoğlu ‹stanbul Bilgi Üniversitesi Yay›nlar› 420 Siyaset Bilimi 46 ISBN 978-605-399-279-0 1. Bask› ‹stanbul, Nisan 2013 © Bilgi ‹letiflim Grubu Yay›nc›l›k Müzik Yap›m ve Haber Ajans› Ltd. fiti. Yaz›flma Adresi: ‹nönü Caddesi, No: 43/A Kufltepe fiiflli 34387 ‹stanbul Telefon: 0212 311 61 34 - 311 64 63 / Faks: 0212 297 63 14 • Sertifika No: 11237 www.bilgiyay.com E-posta [email protected] Da€›t›m [email protected] Yay›na Haz›rlayan Cem Tüzün Tasar›m Mehmet Ulusel Dizgi ve Uygulama Maraton Dizgievi • www.dizgievi.com Düzelti Remzi Abbas Dizin Özgür Yıldız Baskı ve Cilt Sena Ofset Ambalaj ve Matbaacılık San. Tic. Ltd. Şti. Litros Yolu 2. Matbaacılar Sitesi B Blok Kat 6 No: 4 NB 7-9-11 Topkapı İstanbul Telefon: 0212 613 03 21 - 613 38 46 / Faks: 0212 613 38 46 • Sertifika No: 12064 ‹stanbul Bilgi University Library Cataloging-in-Publication Data İstanbul Bilgi Üniversitesi Kütüphanesi Kataloglama Bölümü tarafından kataloglanmıştır. Türkiye’de Demokrasi, İslâm ve Laiklik / derleyenler Ahmet t. Kuru, Alfred Stepan; çev. Hande Tatoğlu 228 p. 16x23 cm. Includes bibliographical references and index. ISBN 978-605-399-279-0 1. Turkey—Politics and goverment—20th centruy. 2. Turkey—Politics and goverment—21th centruy. 3. Democracy—Turkey. 4. Islam and state—Turkey. 5. Secularism—Turkey. 6. Cultural pluralism—Turkey. I. kuru, Ahmet T. II. Stepan, Alfred C. III. Tatoğlu, Hande. JQ1805. -
The Protection of Historical Artifacts in Ottoman Empire: the Permanent Council for the Protection of Ancient Artifactsi
Universal Journal of Educational Research 7(2): 600-608, 2019 http://www.hrpub.org DOI: 10.13189/ujer.2019.070233 The Protection of Historical Artifacts in Ottoman Empire: The Permanent Council for the i Protection of Ancient Artifacts Sefa Yildirim*, Fatih Öztop Department of History, Faculty of Science and Letters, Ağrı İbrahim Çeçen University, Turkey Copyright©2019 by authors, all rights reserved. Authors agree that this article remains permanently open access under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License 4.0 International License Abstract The historical artifacts that reveal the social, establishment, functioning, duties and activities of the political, aesthetic, moral, architectural, etc. stages, before-said council are tried to be explained. through which the human beings have been; which transfer and reveal information from past to present and Keywords Historical Artifacts, Protection of future; which have an artistic, historical or archaeological Historical Artifacts, Council importance are very important physical elements that the present-day civilized societies protect or must protect as cultural values. Such works both strengthen the ties to the past due to the transfer of cultural heritage to existing and 1 . Introduction future generations and plays a very important role in the writing of the past through the data provided to the The first initiative for the protection of the historical researchers. The protection of the historical artifacts was artifacts in the Ottoman Empire can be considered as the under sharia laws until 1858 in Ottoman Empire, since beginning of the storage of two collections of old weapons then, some regulations were done about this issue, in the and artifacts since 1846 in the Hagia Irene Church end, The Permanent Council for the Protection of Ancient (Sertoğlu & Açık, 2013, p.160). -
Perceptionsjournal of International Affairs
PERCEPTIONSJOURNAL OF INTERNATIONAL AFFAIRS PERCEPTIONS Summer-Autumn 2015 Volume XX Number 2-3 XX Number 2015 Volume Summer-Autumn PERCEPTIONS The Great War and the Ottoman Empire: Origins Ayşegül SEVER and Nuray BOZBORA Redefining the First World War within the Context of Clausewitz’s “Absolute War” Dystopia Burak GÜLBOY Unionist Failure to Stay out of the War in October-November 1914 Feroz AHMAD Austro-Ottoman Relations and the Origins of World War One, 1912-14: A Reinterpretation Gül TOKAY Ottoman Military Reforms on the eve of World War I Odile MOREAU The First World War in Contemporary Russian Histography - New Areas of Research Iskander GILYAZOV Summer-Autumn 2015 Volume XX - Number 2-3 ISSN 1300-8641 PERCEPTIONS Editor in Chief Ali Resul Usul Deputy Editor Birgül Demirtaş Managing Editor Engin Karaca Book Review Editor İbrahim Kaya English Language and Copy Editor Julie Ann Matthews Aydınlı International Advisory Board Bülent Aras Mustafa Kibaroğlu Gülnur Aybet Talha Köse Ersel Aydınlı Mesut Özcan Florian Bieber Thomas Risse Pınar Bilgin Lee Hee Soo David Chandler Oktay Tanrısever Burhanettin Duran Jang Ji Hyang Maria Todorova Ahmet İçduygu Ole Wæver Ekrem Karakoç Jaap de Wilde Şaban Kardaş Richard Whitman Fuat Keyman Nuri Yurdusev Homepage: http://www.sam.gov.tr The Center for Strategic Research (Stratejik Araştırmalar Merkezi- SAM) conducts research on Turkish foreign policy, regional studies and international relations, and makes scholarly and scientific assessments of relevant issues. It is a consultative body of the Turkish Ministry of Foreign Affairs providing strategic insights, independent data and analysis to decision makers in government. As a nonprofit organization, SAM is chartered by law and has been active since May 1995. -
WORLD WAR I Goes Mad the BACKSTORY: the OTTOMAN EMPIRE
The World WORLD WAR I Goes Mad THE BACKSTORY: THE OTTOMAN EMPIRE • By the beginning of the 20th century, the Ottoman Empire had begun to disintegrate under a variety of internal and external pressures. • In their move to join the modern world by becoming a nation-state, ethnic nationalism emerged as a rallying cry to define the “new” Turkey. Becoming Evil–p. 54 THE BACKSTORY: THE OTTOMAN EMPIRE • A series of Ottoman military disasters between 1908-1912, leads to Turkey being seized by an ultra- nationalistic, militaristic, and chauvinistic leadership. Becoming Evil–p. 55 THE BACKSTORY: THE OTTOMAN EMPIRE . Within a period of 2 weeks, the Ottomans lose 75% of their European territories. Greeks, Serbs, and Bulgarians revolted and broke away from the empire. It’s an ass whooping. This is the first major military defeat from former subject states the empire had to face. Leads to a real fear of collapse. They need to keep what they have left at all costs—they will now justify everything to do so. The Armenian Genocide Video THE BACKSTORY: THE OTTOMAN EMPIRE • In 1912, while Turkish Nationalism was growing, Greece, Serbia, and Bulgaria broke away and expelled their former Turkish masters. THE BACKSTORY: THE OTTOMAN EMPIRE . 100,000 refugees flood into Constantinople . Nowhere to put them . Horror stories about what “the Christians” had done to them . Feeds into the story that “Christians are out to get the Muslims” . Desire for revenge begins to grow THE BACKSTORY: THE OTTOMAN EMPIRE In the wake of this disaster, a new political power rises in Turkey: . -
Turkish German Muslims and Comedy Entertainment CURRENT ISSUES in ISLAM
Turkish German Muslims and Comedy Entertainment CURRENT ISSUES IN ISLAM Editiorial Board Baderin, Mashood, SOAS, University of London Fadil, Nadia, KU Leuven Goddeeris, Idesbald, KU Leuven Hashemi, Nader, University of Denver Leman, Johan, GCIS, emeritus, KU Leuven Nicaise, Ides, KU Leuven Pang, Ching Lin, University of Antwerp and KU Leuven Platti, Emilio, emeritus, KU Leuven Tayob, Abdulkader, University of Cape Town Stallaert, Christiane, University of Antwerp and KU Leuven Toğuşlu, Erkan, GCIS, KU Leuven Zemni, Sami, Universiteit Gent Turkish German Muslims and Comedy Entertainment Settling into Mainstream Culture in the 21st Century Benjamin Nickl Leuven University Press Published with the support of the Popular Culture Association of Australia and New Zealand University of Sydney and KU Leuven Fund for Fair Open Access Published in 2020 by Leuven University Press / Presses Universitaires de Louvain / Universitaire Pers Leuven. Minderbroedersstraat 4, B-3000 Leuven (Belgium). © Benjamin Nickl, 2020 This book is published under a Creative Commons Attribution Non-Commercial Non-Derivative 4.0 Licence. The licence allows you to share, copy, distribute and transmit the work for personal and non- commercial use providing author and publisher attribution is clearly stated. Attribution should include the following information: B. Nickl. 2019. Turkish German Muslims and Comedy Entertainment: Settling into Mainstream Culture in the 21st Century. Leuven, Leuven University Press. (CC BY-NC-ND 4.0) Further details about Creative Commons licences -
1 Introducing the Chief Harem Eunuch
Cambridge University Press 978-1-107-10829-5 — The Chief Eunuch of the Ottoman Harem Jane Hathaway Excerpt More Information 1 Introducing the Chief Harem Eunuch Let’s start with the cover illustration. It shows the most powerful Chief Harem Eunuch in Ottoman history, el-Hajj Beshir Agha, leading three sons of Sultan Ahmed III through the Third Court of Topkapı Palace. The year is 1720. The princes are about to be circumcised in the Circumcision Room in the palace’s Fourth Court. Each of them is held on either side by a vizier, or government minister. Beshir Agha is right at the front of the painting, flush with the picture frame. Even the grand vizier, supposedly the most powerful figure in the Ottoman Empire at the time, walks behind him, holding the right arm of the oldest prince. What is the message of this painting? El-Hajj Beshir Agha is the most powerful person in the palace, more powerful than the grand vizier or any of the princes. He holds the princes’ fates and, by implication, the fate of the empire in his hands. But he also guards the barrier separating the princes and the viziers from the viewer. In this sense, he is both a central figure and a marginal figure, both the master of the princes and viziers and their servant. He is also the only dark-skinned figure in the painting, yet he is leading all the pale-skinned figures. Does this image seem contradictory? It should. The Chief Eunuch of the Ottoman Empire’s imperial harem embodied all these contradictions. -
Country Participants
CIF 2012 Partnership Forum Istanbul, Turkey November 6-7, 2012 List of Participants COUNTRY PARTICIPANTS ARMENIA Tamara Babayan Director Renewable Resources and Energy Efficiency Fund 32, Proshyan 1st lane Yerevan, Armenia Email: [email protected] AUSTRALIA Diane Barclay Director Australian Agency for International Development (AusAID) GPO Box 887 Canberra, Australia Email: [email protected] BANGLADESH Md. Sarafat Hossain Khan Project Coordinator Bangladesh Water Development Board Office of the Ganges Barrage Study, 72 Green Road Dhaka, Bangladesh Email: [email protected] BENIN Marcel Comlan Kakpo National Focal Point of Cartagena Protocol of Biosafety and CIF Ministry of Environment, Habitat and Urbanism 04 BP 1005, Cotonou, 01 BP 3621 Littoral- Atlantique, Benin Email: [email protected] BOLIVIA Marcial Berdeja Coordinator Ministry of Environment and Water Calle Capitan Castrillo N 434 La Paz, Bolivia Email: [email protected] Climate Investment Funds – Partnership Forum- Istanbul Turkey Page 1 COUNTRY PARTICIPANTS Jaime Andres Garron Bozo Chief Financing Negotiator Ministry of Development Planning Centro De Communicaciones La Paz, 11 th Floor La Paz, Bolivia Email: [email protected] Roberto Ingemar Salvatierra General Director of Planning Ministry of Environment and Water Calle Capitan Castrillo N 434 La Paz, Bolivia Email: [email protected] BRAZIL Marco Aurelio Dos Santos Araujo Public Policy Specialist Ministry of Finance Esplanada dos Ministerios, Bloco P,Sede 2 Andar, Sala 225 Brasilia/DF, -
Bosnian Muslim Reformists Between the Habsburg and Ottoman Empires, 1901-1914 Harun Buljina
Empire, Nation, and the Islamic World: Bosnian Muslim Reformists between the Habsburg and Ottoman Empires, 1901-1914 Harun Buljina Submitted in partial fulfilment of the requirements for the degree of Doctor of Philosophy in the Graduate School of Arts and Sciences COLUMBIA UNIVERSITY 2019 © 2019 Harun Buljina All rights reserved ABSTRACT Empire, Nation, and the Islamic World: Bosnian Muslim Reformists between the Habsburg and Ottoman Empires, 1901-1914 Harun Buljina This dissertation is a study of the early 20th-century Pan-Islamist reform movement in Bosnia-Herzegovina, tracing its origins and trans-imperial development with a focus on the years 1901-1914. Its central figure is the theologian and print entrepreneur Mehmed Džemaludin Čaušević (1870-1938), who returned to his Austro-Hungarian-occupied home province from extended studies in the Ottoman lands at the start of this period with an ambitious agenda of communal reform. Čaušević’s project centered on tying his native land and its Muslim inhabitants to the wider “Islamic World”—a novel geo-cultural construct he portrayed as a viable model for communal modernization. Over the subsequent decade, he and his followers founded a printing press, standardized the writing of Bosnian in a modified Arabic script, organized the country’s Ulema, and linked these initiatives together in a string of successful Arabic-script, Ulema-led, and theologically modernist print publications. By 1914, Čaušević’s supporters even brought him to a position of institutional power as Bosnia-Herzegovina’s Reis-ul-Ulema (A: raʾīs al-ʿulamāʾ), the country’s highest Islamic religious authority and a figure of regional influence between two empires. -
Historia Scribere 13 (2021)
historia scribere 13 (2021) The Beginnings of an Empire. The Transformation of the Ottoman State into an Empire, demonstrated at the example of Grand Vizier Mahmud Pasha’s life and accomplishments Vera Flatz Kerngebiet: Neuzeit eingereicht bei: Yasir Yilmaz, MA PhD und Univ.-Prof. Dr. Stefan Ehrenpreis eingereicht im: WiSe 2019/20 Rubrik: Seminar-Arbeit Abstract The Beginnings of an Empire. The Transformation of the Ottoman State into an Empire, demonstrated at the example of Grand Vizier Mahmud Pasha’s life and accomplishments The following seminar paper deals with Grand Vizier Mahmud Pasha’s life and the processes that turned an Ottoman principality into the Ottoman Empire. Starting with Sultan Mehmed’s II appointment in 1444, important practic- es such as the nomination of a grand vizier changed significantly. Moreover, Mehmed II built a new palace which reflected the new imperial self-percep- tion, a new code of law was installed, and the empire was centralised. All these developments become especially visible in the life of Grand Vizier Mahmud Pasha Angelovic. The paper examines secondary literature as well as contem- porary sources of Kritobolous and Ibn Khaldun. Sources on Mahmud Pasha’s life are rare and need to be analysed with caution as his posthumous legend influenced the production of literature about his life. 1. Introduction Mahmud Pasha Angelovic, born at the beginning of the 15th century in a town in Ser- bia, became one of the most influential grand viziers of the Ottoman Empire. How did that happen? In 1453, Mehmed II conquered Constantinople and made it the capital of one of the biggest empires of the early modern period. -
Elements of Recovery
ELEMENTS OF RECOVERY An Inventory of Upslope Sources of Sedimentation in the Mattole River Watershed with Rehabilitation Prescriptions and Additional Information for Erosion Control Prioritization Prepared for the California Department of Fish and Game by the Mattole Restoration Council P.O. Box 160 Petrolia, CA 95558 December 1989 ELEMENTS OF RECOVERY Erosion is as common an aspect of life in the Coast Range as Pacific sunsets. As the mountains rise up out of the soft ocean bottom, a tenuous and fluid equilibrium is established -- most of each year's uplift is washed or shaken back into the sea. An inch of soil which took a hundred years to build can wash away in a single storm unless held in place by grasses, shrubs, and trees. The streams and rivers are conduits for all this material on its way downhill. Yet under conditions of equilibrium, no more sediment enters the stream than can be easily stored or quickly transported through the system. The Mattole in prehis- toric times was able to move thousands of yards of sediment each year and still be called "clear water," the meaning of the word Mattole in the native tongue. To give an idea of how much ma- terial is moving through the fluvial system, one geologist has estimated that Kings Peak would be 40,000 feet high were it not for this "background" erosion. It doesn't take much to create a disturbance in such a deli- cately balanced system. The erosive power of water increases in proportion to the square of its volume. A midslope road poorly placed, or built on the cheap, or lazily maintained, or aban- doned, can divert large volumes of water from one drainage to another, or onto a slope unarmored by large rock or tree roots. -
Turkomans Between Two Empires
TURKOMANS BETWEEN TWO EMPIRES: THE ORIGINS OF THE QIZILBASH IDENTITY IN ANATOLIA (1447-1514) A Ph.D. Dissertation by RIZA YILDIRIM Department of History Bilkent University Ankara February 2008 To Sufis of Lāhijan TURKOMANS BETWEEN TWO EMPIRES: THE ORIGINS OF THE QIZILBASH IDENTITY IN ANATOLIA (1447-1514) The Institute of Economics and Social Sciences of Bilkent University by RIZA YILDIRIM In Partial Fulfillment of the Requirements for the Degree of DOCTOR OF PHILOSOPHY in THE DEPARTMENT OF HISTORY BILKENT UNIVERSITY ANKARA February 2008 I certify that I have read this thesis and have found that it is fully adequate, in scope and in quality, as a thesis for the degree of Doctor of Philosophy in History. …………………….. Assist. Prof. Oktay Özel Supervisor I certify that I have read this thesis and have found that it is fully adequate, in scope and in quality, as a thesis for the degree of Doctor of Philosophy in History. …………………….. Prof. Dr. Halil Đnalcık Examining Committee Member I certify that I have read this thesis and have found that it is fully adequate, in scope and in quality, as a thesis for the degree of Doctor of Philosophy in History. …………………….. Prof. Dr. Ahmet Yaşar Ocak Examining Committee Member I certify that I have read this thesis and have found that it is fully adequate, in scope and in quality, as a thesis for the degree of Doctor of Philosophy in History. …………………….. Assist. Prof. Evgeni Radushev Examining Committee Member I certify that I have read this thesis and have found that it is fully adequate, in scope and in quality, as a thesis for the degree of Doctor of Philosophy in History.