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Plutarch Versus Dionysius on the First Triumph Autor(Es): Weaire, Gavin Plutarch versus Dionysius on the first triumph Autor(es): Weaire, Gavin Publicado por: International Plutarch Society URL persistente: URI:http://hdl.handle.net/10316.2/36385 DOI: DOI:http://dx.doi.org/10.14195/0258-655X_7_9 Accessed : 6-Oct-2021 16:55:17 A navegação consulta e descarregamento dos títulos inseridos nas Bibliotecas Digitais UC Digitalis, UC Pombalina e UC Impactum, pressupõem a aceitação plena e sem reservas dos Termos e Condições de Uso destas Bibliotecas Digitais, disponíveis em https://digitalis.uc.pt/pt-pt/termos. Conforme exposto nos referidos Termos e Condições de Uso, o descarregamento de títulos de acesso restrito requer uma licença válida de autorização devendo o utilizador aceder ao(s) documento(s) a partir de um endereço de IP da instituição detentora da supramencionada licença. Ao utilizador é apenas permitido o descarregamento para uso pessoal, pelo que o emprego do(s) título(s) descarregado(s) para outro fim, designadamente comercial, carece de autorização do respetivo autor ou editor da obra. Na medida em que todas as obras da UC Digitalis se encontram protegidas pelo Código do Direito de Autor e Direitos Conexos e demais legislação aplicável, toda a cópia, parcial ou total, deste documento, nos casos em que é legalmente admitida, deverá conter ou fazer-se acompanhar por este aviso. impactum.uc.pt digitalis.uc.pt PPLOUTLOUTARCHOSARCHOS,, n.s.n.s. PLOUTARCHOS, n. s., 7 (2009/2010) Scholarly Journal of the I.- ARTICLES E. ALMAGOR, “Characterization Through Animals: The Case of Plutarch’s Artaxerxes”............................................................................... 3-22 IINTERNATIONAL PPLUTARCH SSOCIETY J. BOULOGNE, “La philosophie du mariage chez Plutarque”................ 23-34 K. JAZDZEWSKA, “Not an ‘innocent spectacle’: Hunting and venatio- nes in Plutarch’s De sollertia animalium”............................................ 35-46 P. LICAUSI, “Strange Animals: Extremely Interspecific Hybridiza- tion (and Anthropoiesis) in Plutarch”................................................... 47-60 P. MARZILLO, “Plutarch’s views on donkeys”........................................... 61-72 G. S TEINER, “Plutarch on the Question of Justice for Animals”............ 73-82 F. TANGA, “Mulierum Virtutes: atti di virtù individuale e collettiva”........ 83-96 E. TEXEIRA, “Plutarque et le politique à la lumière du théâtre Grec”...... 97-106 G. WEAIRE, “Plutarch versus Dionysius on the first triumph”............ 107-124 olume olume 7 (2009/2010) olume olume 7 (2009/2010) V V II.- NOTES AND VARIA F. E. BRENK, “†Professor Shigetake Yaginuma”........................................ 125-127 , , n.s., , , n.s., F. FRAZIER, “†Professeur Daniel Babut (1929-2009)”............................. 127-131 P. BERNARDAKIS, “A 1897 postcard sent by Friedrich Blass to Gre- gorios Bernardakis”.................................................................................. 131-134 ARCHOS III.- BOOK REVIEWS ARCHOS A. PÉREZ JIMÉNEZ & P. ORTIZ, Plutarco. Vidas Paralelas III, Madrid, Gredos, 2006 (V. Ramón & A. Vicente). O. GUERRIER (ED.), Moralia et Oeuvres Morales LOUT à la Renaissance. Actes du Colloque International de Toulouse (19-21 Mai 2005), LOUT P Paris, Honoré Champion, 2008 (F. Frazier & F. Tanga). PLUTARCO, Vidas sem- P blantes. Versión aragonesa de las Vidas paralelas, patrocinada por Juan Fernández de Heredia, edición de Adelino Álvarez Rodríguez, 2 vols., Zaragoza, Prensas Universitarias, 2009 (M. González González)......................................................... 135-142 IV.- BIBLIOGRAPHY SECTION ARTICLES. An annotated bibliography 2006 (St. Amendola, F. Frazier, R. Hirsch-Luipold, D. Leão, V. Ramón, R. Scannapieco, F. Tanga, F. Titchener, A. VVOLUME 7 (2009/2010) Vicente, P. Volpe) .................................................................................................... 143-158 UNIVERSITY OF MÁLAGA (SPAIN) UTAH STATE UNIVERSITY, LOGAN, UTAH (U.S.A.) Plutarch versus Dionysius on the fi rst triumph* by Gavin Weaire Hillsdale College, Michigan [email protected] Abstract Plutarch’s account of the establishment of the triumph by Romulus should not be taken at face value, for it contains parody of the version in Dionysius of Halicarnassus. Plutarch’s disagreement with Dionysius here further refl ects a more fundamental disagreement between the two writers about the legitimate uses of spectacle and fear as political tools. Key-Words: Plutarch, Dionysius of Halicarnassus, Life of Romulus, Triumphs. riumphs are prominent in particularly surprising. The ritual Plutarch’s Roman Li ves1. offe red attractive material as a pre- They may mark signifi - eminent Roman expression of a pro- Tcant turning-points and minent Plutarchan theme, φι λο τιμία3. so articulate the structure of a life2. Triumphs also offered contem po rary This interest in triumphs is not in itself re sonance. Triumphal imagery formed * An earlier version of this argument was presented at the panel (“Plutarch as Antiquarian and Collector of oddities”) sponsored by the International Plutarch Society at one Annual Meeting of the American Philological Association in 2008. I am grateful for comments that I received on that occassion. 1 E.g. Publ., 9.5-6; Cam., 7.1-2; 30.1-2; 36.1; Fab, 2.1; 24.3; Marc., 4.3; 8.1-3; 21-22; Flam., 13.6-14.1; Cat. Ma., 11.2; Aem., 30-34; Mar., 12.2-5; 24.1; 27.5-6; Sull., 3.3; 34.1-2; Luc., 37.1-4; Cat. Mi., 29.3-4; 31.2-4; Pomp., 14; 22.1; 45; Caes., 13.1-2; 55.2-4; 56.7-9; Cic., 37.1; note also important “quasi-triumphs” at Sert., 22.2-3; Crass., 32.1-5; Cat. Mi., 39.1. The Moralia display less interest, but triumphs do crop up: e.g. 196E; 282F-283E. 2 E.g. Aem., 34.8-35.3; Pomp., 45-46.4; Caes., 56.7-9; on the signifi cance of the latter see C. PELLING, 1997, p. 222. 3 See F. FRAZIER, 1988; F. FRAZIER, 1996, pp. 103-9; T. DUFF, 1999, passim esp. pp. 83-87; also B. BUCHER-ISLER, 1972, pp. 12-13, 58-59. PLOUTARCHOS, n.s., 7 (2009/2010) 107-124 ISSN 0258-655X 108 GAVIN WEAIRE an important component of the imperial ἕκαστον ἐν τάξει περιήρμοσε καὶ image4, not least the image of Trajan, κατήρτησεν· αὐτὸς δὲ τὴν μὲν who celebrated three triumphs (one ἐσθῆτα περιεζώσατο, δάφνῃ δ’ of them posthumously)5, and is often ἐστέψατο τὴν κεφαλὴν κομῶσαν. represented as a triumphing general6. ὑπολαβὼν δὲ τῷ δεξιῷ τὸ τρό- παιον ὤμῳ προσερειδόμενον ὀρ- The following is Plutarch’s re- θόν, ἐβάδιζεν ἐξάρχων ἐπινικίου construc tion of the fi rst triumph (Rom., παιᾶνος ἐν ὅπλοις ἑπομένῃ τῇ 16.5-8): στρατιᾷ, δεχομένων τῶν πολιτῶν μετὰ χαρᾶς καὶ θαύματος. ἡ μὲν Εὐξάμενος οὖν ὁ Ῥωμύλος, εἰ οὖν πομπὴ τῶν αὖθις θριάμβων κρατήσειε καὶ καταβάλοι, τῷ Διὶ ἀρχὴν καὶ ζῆλον παρέσχε· τὸ δὲ φέρων ἀναθήσειν αὐτὸς τὰ ὅπλα τρόπαιον ἀνάθημα Φερετρίου τοῦ ἀνδρός, αὐτόν τε καταβάλλει Διὸς ἐπωνομάσθη. κρατήσας, καὶ τρέπεται τὸ στρά- τευμα μάχης γενομένης, αἱ- So after Romulus vowed that, ρεῖ δὲ καὶ τὴν πόλιν. οὐ μὴν if he should defeat and strike ἠδίκησε τοὺς ἐγκαταληφθέντας, down his opponent, he would ἀλλ’ ἢ τὰς οἰκίας ἐκέλευσε personally carry and dedicate the καθελόντας ἀκολουθεῖν εἰς Ῥώ- man’s arms to Zeus, he did both μην, ὡς πολίτας ἐπὶ τοῖς ἴσοις defeat and strike down his oppo- ἐσομένους. τούτου μὲν οὖν nent, and put the opposing army οὐκ ἔστιν ὅ τι μᾶλλον ηὔξησε to fl ight in the battle that took pla- τὴν Ῥώμην, ἀεὶ προσποιοῦσαν ce, as well as capturing the city. ἑαυτῇ καὶ συννέμουσαν ὧν κρα- But he did not injure his captives τήσειεν. Ὁ δὲ Ῥωμύλος, ὡς ἂν at all, except for ordering them to μάλιστα τὴν εὐχὴν τῷ τε Διὶ κε- destroy their homes and follow χαρισμένην καὶ τοῖς πολίταις him to Rome, so that they would ἰδεῖν ἐπιτερπῆ παράσχοι σκεψά - be full citizens. There is nothing μενος, ἐπὶ στρατοπέδου δρῦν which made Rome stronger than ἔτεμεν ὑπερμεγέθη καὶ διε- this did, that she always won μόρφωσεν ὥσπερ τρόπαιον, those she defeated over to her- καὶ τῶν ὅπλων τοῦ Ἄκρωνος self and made them her partners. 4 On the topic in general see e.g. E. KÜNZL, 1988, p. 106; M. BEARD, 2007, pp. 219-220, 266-272, 275-277, 295-6. 5 Trajan’s fi rst triumph (102 A.D.): Dio, 68.10.2; second (107 A.D.): Pliny, Ep., 8.4.2; third and posthumous (117 A.D.): HA, 6.3; see J. BENNETT, 2001, pp. 96, 102-3, 204. 6 Most notably on the arch at Beneventum, see see M. ROTILI, 1972, pp. 106-112; E. KÜNZL, 1988, pp. 25-26; M. MOLIN, 1994, p. 722; cf. the small relief sculpture of Trajan on a quadriga from Praeneste: E. KÜNZL, 1988, p. 28. For triumphal themes on Trajan’s coinage see O. RICHIER, 1997, pp. 598-599; 602; 613; N. MÉTHY, 2000, pp. 373-4. ISSN 0258-655X PLOUTARCHOS, n.s., 7 (2009/2010) 107-124 Plutarch versus Dionysius on the fi rst triumph 109 But Romulus thought about how begin with, Plutarch confl ates it with could best fulfi ll his vow in a way the fi rst dedication of the spolia opima. that would be gratifying to Zeus The rituals are not only both celebrated and delightful for the citizens as an outcome of the same victory; to see. He felled an enormous they are, when Romulus celebrates oak-tree in the camp, fashioned them, exactly the same ritual. it into the form of a trophy, and carefully arranged and fi xed each This passage has been used to piece of the arms of Acron to it. support modern theories about the origin Then he himself belted his clo- of the triumph that view the spolia thes around himself and placed opima as a survival of a simpler early a laurel-wreath upon the fl owing version, or equivalent, of the triumph8. hair of his head. He took up the In fact, Plutarch’s opinion is entirely trophy, propped it upright on his right shoulder, and marched, lea- unparalleled and would probably have ding a paean in celebration of vic- been unfamiliar to his ancient readers.
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