The Hands, Head, and Brow: a Sociolinguistic Study of Māori Gesture

Total Page:16

File Type:pdf, Size:1020Kb

The Hands, Head, and Brow: a Sociolinguistic Study of Māori Gesture The hands, head, and brow: A sociolinguistic study of Māori gesture James Gruber, New Zealand Institute of Language Brain and Behaviour, [email protected] NZILBB University of Canterbury Private Bag 4800, Christchurch 8140 New Zealand Jeanette King, Aotahi School of Māori and Indigenous Studies & New Zealand Institute of Language Brain and Behaviour [email protected] University of Canterbury Private Bag 4800, Christchurch 8140 New Zealand Jen Hay, New Zealand Institute of Language Brain and Behaviour & Department of Linguistics, University of Canterbury [email protected] NZILBB University of Canterbury Private Bag 4800, Christchurch 8140 New Zealand Lucy Johnston, Vice-Chancellor’s Office, University of Canterbury & New Zealand Institute of Language Brain and Behaviour [email protected] University of Canterbury Private Bag 4800, Christchurch 8140 New Zealand Dr. James Gruber is a post-doctoral research fellow in the New Zealand Institute of Language, Brain and Behaviour. He received his Ph.D. from the Department of Linguistics at Georgetown University in 2011. His research examines speech, gesture, and their interaction. Associate Professor Jeanette King has taught in the Māori language programme at the University of Canterbury since 1989. She is on the Management Group of the New Zealand Institute of Language, Brain and Behaviour (NZILBB) where she leads the Bilingualism theme. Jeanette has published on many areas relating to the Māori language, including, sound change in the Māori language over time, Māori language revitalisation initiatives, changes in the phrasal lexicon of Māori, Māori English, and aspects of second language acquisition of Māori, including the use of metaphor and aspects of motivation. Jennifer Hay received her PhD in linguistics from Northwestern University in 2000. She is now a Professor in the Department of Linguistics at the University of Canterbury, and is the Director of the New Zealand Institute of Language, Brain and Behaviour. She has published widely on issues relating to language variation and change, speech production and perception, laboratory phonology and lexical representation. Lucy Johnston graduated with BA (Hons) in Experimental Psychology from the University of Oxford and a PhD in Social Psychology from the University of Bristol. She has been at the University of Canterbury since 1994. She is Dean of Postgraduate Research and Professor of Psychology and chairs the NZ Deans and Directors of Graduate Studies and the Universities NZ Scholarships Committee. She was on the inaugural management group of NZILBB. Her research expertise is in social perception and nonverbal communication. She received a University Teaching Award in 2008 and in 2004 held a Distinguished Visiting Professor position at the University of Connecticut. Abstract This paper examines the speech-accompanying gesture and other kinesic behaviour of bilingual English-Māori and monolingual English speakers in New Zealand. Physical expression has long been regarded a key component of Māori artistic and spoken performance, as well as in personal interactions. This study asks (1) if there are gestures more common to or exclusively employed by the Māori population of New Zealand and (2) if their frequency and form is influenced by speaking Māori? More generally, the study considers the effect of different languages on gesture within the same speaker. Four bilingual Māori and six monolingual New Zealanders of European ancestry were recorded providing similar narrations. We report three differences between the speaker groups: a prevalence among Māori speakers for flat-handed motion gestures, gestures of the head, and eyebrow flashes. The findings highlight the probabilistic nature of culturally-grounded variation in gesture and the appropriateness of sociolinguistic approaches to their study. Keywords: Gesture; eyebrows; non-verbal behaviour; Māori; cross-cultural comparison. 1 Background Speech accompanying gesture has been shown to differ across cultural and linguistic groups in a variety of ways (dating back to at least Efron, 1972; reviewed in Kita, 2009). A culturally-grounded understanding of directional and spatial reference is one such distinction that shapes one’s use of iconic and deictic gestures (Levinson, 1996; Levinson, 2003; Wilkins, 2003). In addition to hand gestures, other kinesic cues have been shown to guide interactions and discourse in a way that can be highly culture- specific, such as the higher frequency of head nods employed by Japanese speakers and listeners (Maynard, 1986; Maynard, 1990; Kita & Ide, 2007). Another oft-mentioned difference is that languages or cultures may exhibit a “high” or “low” gesture frequency (Goldin-Meadow & Saltzman, 2000; Pika, Nicoladis, & Marentette, 2006; So, 2010), though little quantitative data as yet supports this contention. Distinctions that are solely linguistic in origin have also been reported (Duncan, 1996; McNeill & Duncan, 2000; Kita & Özyürek, 2003; Gullberg, 2011). In one example, McNeill & Duncan (2000) describe how grammatical properties of English, Mandarin, and Spanish affect the implementation of motion gestures by their respective speakers. In many cases though, linguistic and cultural influences are difficult to tease apart. Kendon (2004, pp. 349) states, it is “unclear how far differences (in gesture) may be due to differences in the languages spoken or how far they may be due to wider differences in customs...We need more comparative studies to explore this issue.” This paper represents such a study. We explore the cultural and linguistic bases for speech-accompanying kinesics in the Māori population of New Zealand. Māori present an informative case study for multiple reasons, detailed in the following section. Our research seeks to address two main questions. 1. Are there gestures or gestural features which are more common to or exclusively employed by Māori as opposed to Pākehā (New Zealanders of European ancestry)? 2. If so, are the form and frequency of Māori-associated gestures influenced by speaking Te Reo Māori, “the Māori language”? To investigate, we conducted sociolinguistic interviews with bilingual Māori men and monolingual Pākehā men. From these interviews, we focus on one portion of the interview wherein the participants retold the events of a cartoon stimulus. Our analytic approach focuses on the gestural articulators (the hands or otherwise), their form, and probabilistic tendencies in their use. For likely sources of variation between Māori and Pākehā speakers, prior impressions from other authors (e.g. Metge & Kinloch, 1978) and the intuitions of New Zealand-based researchers led us to emphasise certain handshapes in our inquiry and to consider a range of speech-accompanying behaviours beyond those performed manually (namely, the head, the eyes, the eyebrows, the torso). We present three sets of findings in this paper. One, we describe the use of manual gestures and handshapes, concentrating on a specific path-depictive gesture preferred by the Māori speakers. Two, we describe gestures produced by the head and their use by Māori speakers. Finally, we consider raising of the eyebrows, a widely-noted Māori feature and stereotype. 1.1 Māori and the Māori physical world There are good reasons to suspect that communicative expression for Māori differs from the majority population of New Zealand, and that some of this difference is manifest in movement of the hands, head, face, and eyes. Matthews (2004) describes the distinct physicality evident in the culturally-prominent practice of kapa haka (Māori performing arts). The art of whaikōrero (oratory) similarly has a strong visuo-physical component highlighted by specific gaits and expressions of the face and body (Rewi, 2010). Most importantly, there is a long history of academic and lay observations noting a distinct Māori countenance and non-verbal code (Best, 1924; Metge & Kinloch, 1978; Metge, 2005). Māori are the indigenous people of New Zealand, descendants of Polynesian settlers to the islands from around CE 1300. Following European contact, conflicts and warfare characterised an early period of settler migration and colonization (1815-1900), which in turn gave way to institutionalised marginalisation of the Māori population in the 20th Century (Walker, 2004). Though problems persist, such as a proportionally higher demographic of Māori living in poverty or lacking access to health and human services (Ministry of Social Development, 2010), the past few decades have seen a revitalization of national interest and pride in the Māori heritage of the islands, amongst both Māori and non-Māori. Linguistic and cultural groups examined in gesture studies often coincide with nationalities (e.g. Dutch, Japanese, varieties of English). By contrast, Māori language and culture exists as a distinct and influential minority within the broader national culture of New Zealand. Following the Māori Language Act of 1987, Te Reo Māori bears special status as an official cultural treasure (taonga) of Māori per the 1840 Treaty of Waitangi and is recognised as an official language of New Zealand. One indication of this influence is the growing visibility of the Māori English ethnolect (Holmes, 2005; Maclagan, King & Gillon, 2008). Māori English (ME) refers to the concentrated usage of a bundle of phonetic qualities and lexical forms, although these elements are present to some degree in the speech of most New Zealanders. It stands to reason that if certain linguistic
Recommended publications
  • Perspectives of Research for Intangible Cultural Heritage
    束 9mm Proceedings ISBN : 978-4-9909775-1-1 of the International Researchers Forum: Perspectives Research for Intangible Cultural Heritage towards a Sustainable Society Proceedings of International Researchers Forum: Perspectives of Research for Intangible Cultural Heritage towards a Sustainable Society 17-18 December 2019 Tokyo Japan Organised by International Research Centre for Intangible Cultural Heritage in the Asia-Pacific Region (IRCI), National Institutes for Cultural Heritage Agency for Cultural Affairs, Japan Co-organised by Tokyo National Research Institute for Cultural Properties, National Institutes for Cultural Heritage IRCI Proceedings of International Researchers Forum: Perspectives of Research for Intangible Cultural Heritage towards a Sustainable Society 17-18 December 2019 Tokyo Japan Organised by International Research Centre for Intangible Cultural Heritage in the Asia-Pacific Region (IRCI), National Institutes for Cultural Heritage Agency for Cultural Affairs, Japan Co-organised by Tokyo National Research Institute for Cultural Properties, National Institutes for Cultural Heritage Published by International Research Centre for Intangible Cultural Heritage in the Asia-Pacific Region (IRCI), National Institutes for Cultural Heritage 2 cho, Mozusekiun-cho, Sakai-ku, Sakai City, Osaka 590-0802, Japan Tel: +81 – 72 – 275 – 8050 Email: [email protected] Website: https://www.irci.jp © International Research Centre for Intangible Cultural Heritage in the Asia-Pacific Region (IRCI) Published on 10 March 2020 Preface The International Researchers Forum: Perspectives of Research for Intangible Cultural Heritage towards a Sustainable Society was organised by the International Research Centre for Intangible Cultural Heritage in the Asia-Pacific Region (IRCI) in cooperation with the Agency for Cultural Affairs of Japan and the Tokyo National Research Institute for Cultural Properties on 17–18 December 2019.
    [Show full text]
  • A Case Study of the Museum of New Zealand Te Papa Tongarewa
    Maori Stereotypes, Governmental Poiicies and Maori Art in Museums Today: A Case Study of the Museum of New Zealand Te Papa Tongarewa Rohana Crelinsten A Thesis in The Department of Art Education Presented in Partial Fulfilment of the Requirements for the Degree of Master of Arts at Concordia University Montreal, Quebec, Canada May 1999 O Rohana Crelinsten, 1999 National Library Bibliothèque nationale 1+1 dcanaâa du Canada Acquisitions and Acquisitions et Bibliographie Services services bibliographiques 395 Wellington Street 395. rue Weiiing(ori OttawaON KlAON4 OnawaON K1AW Canada Canade The author has granted a non- L'auteur a accordé une licence non exclusive licence dlowing the exclusive permettant à la National Library of Canada to Bibliothèque nationale du Canada de reproduce, loan, distriiute or sel1 reproduire, prêter, distribuer ou copies of this thesis in microfoq vendre des copies de cette thèse sous paper or electronic formats. la forme de microfiche/film, de reproduction sur papier ou sur format électronique. The author retains ownership of the L'auteur conserve la propriété du copyright in this thesis. Neither the droit d'auteur qui protège cette thèse. thesis nor substantid extracts fiom it Ni la thèse ni des extraits substantiels may be printed or othenvise de celle-ci ne doivent être imprimés reproduced without the author's ou autrement reproduits sans son permission. autorisation. Maori Stereotypes, Governmental Policies and Maori Art in Museums Today: A Case Study of the Museum of New Zealand Te Papa Tcngarewa Rohana Crelinsten Maori art in New Zealand museums has a Long history extending back to the first contacts made between Maori (New Zealand's Native peoples) aud Europeans.
    [Show full text]
  • Alternative 11(1)Online 01.Indd
    View metadata, citation and similar papers at core.ac.uk brought to you by CORE provided by Research Commons@Waikato USING TWITTER IN AN INDIGENOUS LANGUAGE An analysis of te reo Mäori tweets Te Taka Keegan* Paora Mato† Stacey Ruru‡ Abstract Language revitalization theory suggests that one way to improve the health of a language is to increase the number of domains where the language is used. Social network platforms provide a variety of domains where indigenous-language communities are able to communicate in their own languages. Although the capability exists, is social networking being used by indigenous-language communities? This paper reports on one particular social networking platform, Twitter, by using two separate methodologies. First, Twitter statistics collated from the Indigenous Tweets website are analysed. The data show that languages such as Basque, Haitian Creole, Welsh, Irish Gaelic, Frisian and Kapampangan do have a presence in the “Twittersphere”. Further analysis for te reo Mäori (the Mäori language) shows that tweets in te reo Mäori are rising and peak when certain events occur. The second methodology involved gathering empirical data by tweeting in te reo Mäori. This served two purposes: it allowed an ancillary check on the validity of the Indigenous Tweets data and it allowed the opportunity to determine if the number of indigenous- language tweets could be infl uenced by the actions of one tweeter. * Senior Lecturer, Computer Science Department, University of Waikato, Hamilton, New Zealand. Email: [email protected] † PhD candidate, Computer Science Department, University of Waikato, Hamilton, New Zealand. ‡ Summer Internship, Computer Science Department, University of Waikato, Hamilton, New Zealand.
    [Show full text]
  • E. Mervyn Taylor's Prints on Maori Subjects
    THE ENGAGING LINE: E. MERVYN TAYLOR’S PRINTS ON MAORI SUBJECTS A thesis submitted in partial fulfilment of the requirements for The Degree of Master of Arts in Art History in the University of Canterbury by Douglas Horrell 2006 Contents Contents..................................................................................................................... i Abstract ....................................................................................................................1 Introduction..............................................................................................................2 Chapter One: The making of an artist: history of the development of Taylor’s early career through his close association with Clark, MacLennan, and Woods..................6 Chapter Two: Meeting of worlds: the generation of Taylor’s interest in Maori culture......................................................................................................................19 Chapter Three: Nationalist and local influence: art as identity...............................37 Chapter Four: Grey’s Polynesian Mythology: the opportunity of a career..............46 Chapter Five: A thematic survey of E. Mervyn Taylor’s prints on Maori subjects..56 Conclusion ..............................................................................................................72 Acknowledgements.................................................................................................76 Bibliography...........................................................................................................77
    [Show full text]
  • Kapa Haka and Tbe Construction of Home in Melbourne
    Lost Souls in a Vast Land. Recontextualising Maori Kapa Haka and tbe Construction of Home in Melbourne. by Deirdre Pauline Marshall MA. BEd Department of Music University of New England Submitted to fulfilment ofthe requIrements for the degree of Doctor of Philosophy Photo Credits: All pholOgraphs by the ftulhor Ngo Hapu Kafoo ch>ldrcn. Nal.tonal Fesu'al June 1997 11 71iis tliesir is dedicatedto tlie memories of Caro{(}!irihi {tL 30/8/98} and lErin ;4rofia (}!irere (d. 26/2/99) who diedwhile I was worn.inn with :Noa J{apu 7(jztoa. J{aere~ fiaere~ fiaere ra. 111 Ka Mate Kainga Tahi Ka Ora Kainga Rua Kia ora koutou e nga rangatira Greetings to all you Elders E karanga nei ia a tatou kia huihui mai Calling to unite us all Ki te whakamli i te kaupapa To endorse the purpose Whakapakari i to tatou Maoritanga Ofretaining our Maoritanga. Me whakamoemiti ki te kaihanga Me tangi kau noa ki nga aitua Me mihi atu ki te whakaminenga Tena ra koutou nga whanaunga-hoa. Kia kaha kia maia kia u Let us praise our creator Korerotia te reo rangatira Let us weep [for] our departed Pupuritia a tatoll tikanga Let us embrace the living Whakaaturia nga mahi ngahau Greetings to all our friends and Kia kite kiarongo ai te ao family. Ko tatoll tenei te iwi Maori e. Alie nga ope paerangi koutou 0 te hau kainga Be strong be brave be firm Anei ra ma/ou te kahui manene Speak! Our noble language Kei te kimi oranga i tewhenua nui nei Retain I Our customs Hapainga mai awhinatia mai matou.
    [Show full text]
  • Relating Maori and Pakeha : the Politics of Indigenous and Settler
    Copyright is owned by the Author of the thesis. Permission is given for a copy to be downloaded by an individual for the purpose of research and private study only. The thesis may not be reproduced elsewhere without the permission of the Author. Relating Maori and Pakeha: the politics of indigenous and settler identities A thesis submitted in partial fulfilment of the requirements for the degree of Doctor of Philosophy in Sociology at Massey University Palmerston North New Zealand Avril Bell 2004 Abstract Settler colonisation produced particular colonial subjects: indigene and settler. The specificity of the relationship between these subjects lies in the act of settlement; an act of colonial violence by which the settler physically and symbolically displaces the indigene, but never totally. While indigenes may be physically displaced from their territories, they continue to occupy a marginal location within the settler nation-state. Symbolically, as settlers set out to distinguish themselves from the metropolitan ‘motherlands’, indigenous cultures become a rich, ‘native’ source of cultural authenticity to ground settler nationalisms. The result is a complex of conflictual and ambivalent relations between settler and indigene. This thesis investigates the ongoing impact of this colonial relation on the contemporary identities and relations of Maori (indigene) and Pakeha (settlers) in Aotearoa New Zealand. It centres on the operation of discursive strategies used by both Maori and Pakeha in constructing their identities and the relationship between them. I analyse ‘found’ texts - non-fiction books, media and academic texts - to identify discourse ‘at work’, as New Zealanders make and reflect on their identity claims.
    [Show full text]
  • Muri Iho Ka Whawhai Ai Tātou: Reading Te Rangikāheke
    HAERE MAI ME TUHITUHI HE PUKAPUKA; MURI IHO KA WHAWHAI AI T ĀTOU: READING TE RANGIK ĀHEKE By Arini May Loader (Ng āti Raukawa, Ng āti Whakaue, Te Wh ānau-a-Apanui) A thesis presented to the Victoria University of Wellington in fulfilment of the requirements for the degree of Master of Arts in M āori Studies Te Kawa a M āui/School of M āori Studies Te Whare W ānanga o te Ūpoko o te Ika a M āui/ Victoria University of Wellington December 2008 NG Ā MIHI Tuatahi, ki ng ā kaiwhakarite o te karahipi e kiia nei ko T ū Horomata nō Te Tari o te Toiahurei kei Te Whare W ānanga o te Ūpoko o Te Ika a Māui, me ng ā kaiwhakarite o te karahipi e kiia nei ko Philippa r āua ko Morvyn Williams. Ka nui aku mihi ki a koutou m ō te p ūtea tautoko kia tutuki pai ai t ēnei mahi. Many thanks also to the librarians of the Special Collections Section of Auckland Public Library, particularly Iain Sharp and Kate De Courcy, who supplied photocopies of the manuscripts and were very friendly and helpful. Your assistance was greatly appreciated. Tuarua, ki taku kai ārahi a Alice Te Punga-Somerville. N āu an ō te mana, te ihi, te wehi kia whakaputa t ēnei ki te whaiao, ki te ao m ārama n ā reira e te kohine o Te Āti Awa, e mihi ana, e mihi ana. Tēnei hoki te mihi ki a koutou te tokomaha i whakapau kaha ki te whakawhitiwhiti whakaaro, ki te tautohetohe, ki te w ānanga, ā, ko koutou t ērā te hunga pūkenga, te hunga tauira hoki o taku wh ānau o Te Herenga Waka.
    [Show full text]
  • Māori Mental Health Consumers' Sensory Experience of Kapa Haka
    Māori mental health consumers’ sensory experience of Kapa Haka and its utility to occupational therapy practice. Research article Māori mental health consumers’ sensory experience of Kapa Haka and its utility to occupational therapy practice. Tania Hollands, Daniel Sutton, Valerie Wright-St. Clair, Raymond Hall. Abstract Sensory modulation is an emerging occupational therapy intervention within adult mental health services. However, cultural variations in the use of sensory modulation have not been directly explored. In New Zealand, the traditional performing arts of kapa haka are used within Māori services as a cultural intervention. This qualitative study explored Māori mental health consumers’ sensory experiences during kapa haka via in-depth interviews. Participants experienced feeling safe, being grounded in their bodies, and having an enhanced cultural identity. The findings support the use of culturally-responsive sensory modulation activities within occupational therapy practice and highlight the need for further research. Key words Sensory modulation, cultural responsiveness Reference Hollands, T., Sutton, D., Wright-St. Clair, V., & Hall, R. (2015). Māori mental health consumers’ sensory experience of Kapa Haka and its utility to occupational therapy practice. New Zealand Journal of Occupational Therapy, 62(1), 3–11. Sensory modulation intervention uses specific sensory input and responsiveness to this population. While the sensory via objects, activities and environments to achieve optimal modulation approach has been explored
    [Show full text]
  • National Secondary Schools' Kapa Haka
    Putanga 09 2008 CELEBRATING MÄORI ACHIEVEMENT Pipiri – Höngongoi NATIONAL SECONDARY SCHOOLS’ KAPA HAKA HONOURING OUR PEOPLE TE WHANGANUI Ä TARA MÄORI SURFING E WHAKANUI ANA I TE MÄORI Te Piringa Te 12 FROM THE CHIEF EXECUTIVE – LEITH COMER Putanga HE TANGATA 09 E rau rangatira mä tënä tätou katoa, 2008 Recently I have witnessed a key milestone that will Pipiri – Höngongoi go down in the books of not only Mäori history but also New Zealand history, where people have come together to reconcile their differences in the spirit of cooperation and settlement. I want to congratulate the iwi of the Central North Island collective for their commitment to settle collaboratively and this only serves to inspire us as we move into and I look forward with great expectation to seeing the future. how these resources empower their people, their communities and New Zealand. Finally, I am very proud of the contribution Te Puni Kökiri staff have made in making this settlement work not only for the We all know that settlements and the resources 100,000 Mäori who will benefi t but also for the benefi ts this provided can be used as an economic base to increase country will receive in the long term. iwi independence while enhancing their ability to act on behalf of their people. The Central North Island iwi collective has provided us with an example of settling historical issues Leith Comer Te Puni Kökiri – Manahautü 2 TE PUNI KÖKIRI | KÖKIRI | PIPIRI – HÖNGONGOI 2008 NGÄ KAUPAPA 6 16 46 Honouring Our People 6 Te Whanganui ä Tara 16 Mäori Surfi ng 46 We honour and recognise the In this edition we profi le New Zealand’s best Mäori surfers achievements of the Mäori leaders, Te Puni Kökiri’s Te Whanganui ä recently vied for top honours in the who work tirelessly to improve Tara region – its people, businesses, inaugural Auahi Kore Mäori Tri Series.
    [Show full text]
  • A Comparative Analysis of Content in Maori
    MATTERS OF LIFE AND DEATH: A COMPARATIVE ANALYSIS OF CONTENT IN MAORI TRADITIONAL AND CONTEMPORARY ART AND DANCE AS A REFLECTION OF FUNDAMENTAL MAORI CULTURAL ISSUES AND THE FORMATION AND PERPETUATION OF MAORI AND NON-MAORI CULTURAL IDENTITY IN NEW ZEALAND by Cynthia Louise Zaitz A Dissertation Submitted to the Faculty of The Dorothy F. Schmidt College of Arts and Letters in Partial Fulfillment of the Requirements for the Degree of Doctor of Philosophy Florida Atlantic University Boca Raton, Florida August 2009 Copyright by Cynthia Louise Zaitz 2009 ii CURRICULUM VITA In 1992 Cynthia Louise Zaitz graduated magna cum laude with a Bachelor of Arts in Drama from the University of California, where she wrote and directed one original play and two musicals. In 1999 she graduated with a Masters in Consciousness Studies from John F. Kennedy University. Since 2003 she has been teaching Music, Theatre and Dance in both elementary schools and, for the last two years, at Florida Atlantic University. She continues to work as a composer, poet and writer, painter, and professional musician. Her original painting, Alcheme 1 was chosen for the cover of Volume 10 of the Florida Atlantic Comparative Studies Journal listed as FACS in Amazon.com. Last year she composed the original music and created the choreography for Of Moon and Madness, a spoken word canon for nine dancers, three drummers, an upright bass and a Native American flute. Of Moon and Madness was performed in December of 2008 at Florida Atlantic University (FAU) and was selected to represent FAU on iTunesU. In April 2009 she presented her original music composition and choreography at FAU in a piece entitled, Six Butts on a Two-Butt Bench, a tongue-in- cheek look at overpopulation for ten actors and seventy dancers.
    [Show full text]
  • New Zealand: Literature and Culture
    English 369N / Honors 349Z New Zealand: Literature and Culture Winterterm 2016 Professor Jason R. Rudy [email protected] TA: Scott Tiemann [email protected] In 1642, two of the first Europeans to arrive in New Zealand were murdered and, according to legend, eaten by the local Maori people. Since then, New Zealand history has unfolded as a negotiation between Western and Maori cultures. An immersion into the literature, history, and culture of New Zealand, this course will look back to the colonial founding of New Zealand as a British outpost, and to the strong Maori culture the British encountered when they arrived. We will consider how modern New Zealand has emerged from a mixing of Western and Indigenous cultures. The class will begin in New Zealand’s beautiful harbor capital, Wellington. We will travel north to Auckland, the “city of sails,” and conclude our studies in Rotorua, a town on a volcanic plateau that is the heart of contemporary Maori culture. Our class time will involve a mix of seminar discussions, visits to spaces of historical and cultural significance, explorations of New Zealand’s stunning natural habitats, meetings with local scholars and experts, and direct engagement with Maori culture. TEXTS Christina Thompson, Come On Shore and We Will Kill and Eat You All (ISBN: 9781596911277) McLeon and Manhire, eds. Some Other Country: New Zealand’s Best Short Stories (ISBN: 9780864735881) Course Packet (to be distributed at the pre-departure meeting in December) Important: you will be required to bring a small notepad (pocket-size is fine) and pen to all class activities.
    [Show full text]
  • Indigenous Peoples of Australia and New Zealand
    Západočeská univerzita v Plzni Fakulta filozofická Bakalářská práce Indigenous Peoples of Australia and New Zealand Daniela Veselá Plzeň 2012 Západočeská universita v Plzni Fakulta Filozofická Katedra anglického jazyka Cizí jazyky pro komerční praxi v kombinaci angličtina, francouzština Bakalářská práce Indigenous Peoples of Australia and New Zealand Daniela Veselá Plzeň 2012 Vedoucí práce: Mgr. Jana Kašparová Prohlašuji, že jsem bakalářskou práci zpracovala samostatně a použila jen prameny uvedených pramenů literatury. Plzeň, duben 2012 ….…………………….. Podpis Acknowledgement I would like to thank to my supervisor of the thesis, Mgr. Jana Kašparová for giving me very useful advices about the text and materials, for helping me with arrangement of the whole text and for the time dedicated to my thesis. Table of contents 1. Introduction ...................................................................................... 1 Theoretical part ........................................................................................ 3 2. Maori................................................................................................ 3 3. Indigenous Australians .................................................................... 4 Practical part ............................................................................................ 8 4. Maori................................................................................................ 8 4.1 Politics .....................................................................................................8
    [Show full text]