Pakistan Atomic Energy Commission

ANNUAL REPORT 2000 - 2001 ANNUAL REPORT 2000-2001

PAKISTAN ATOMIC ENERGY COMMISSION In pursuance of provisions of Section 15(b) of PAEC Ordinance 1965, the Annual

Report for the year 2000-2001 has been compiled, which offers concise description of tasks achieved, and status of ongoing efforts pertaining to FAEC programme.

On the occasion of presentation of this report, the Commission is pleased to avail it• self of this opportunity for putting on record its profound appreciation for the dedicated ser• vices rendered by all the engineers, scientists, technicians and administrative and financial personnel toward FAEC work assignments.

(Shahid Ahmed Syed) Secretary Pakistan Atomic Energy Commission Islamabad CONTENTS

Highlights 1

Nuclear Power 6

Physical Sciences & Engineering 13

Bio-Sciences 20

Nuclear Minerals 34

Human Resource Development 37

Projects 39

International Relations 41

Finance 44

Publications 46 HIGHLIGHTS

NUCLEAR POWER

Karachi Nuclear Power Plant (KANUPP)

During the period from July 200C to June 2001, KANUPP generated 311.60 GWh, which raised the cumu• lative generation since Net Power Date (NPD), to 10.008.14 GWh. The total on-line time of turbo generator was 4,081.32 hours, raising the cu• mulative running time upto 30lh June 2001 to 142,777.85 hours. The gross capacity and availability factors were 25.96% & 46.59% respectively. Life• time average figures for these are 28 65% and 55.74% respectively. Mr. Parvez Butt addressing the format inauguration ceremony of CHASNUPP Sludge lancing of all the six Steam Generators (SGs) was carried out at mained 59.25% whereas average Pakistan for the Year 2000. This ef• KANUPP satisfactorily as per sched• plant availability factor was 64.9%.A fort involved not only the data on nu• ule in collaboration with M/S Re• total of thirteen (13) planned and clear power in Pakistan but also a search Institute of Nuclear Power unplanned outages have been han• broad picture of trie energy/electricity Operation (RINPO), China. dled by CNPP since plant accep• sector of the country. tance. Mr Milorad Dusic, IAEA Technical Institute for Officer for TC project "Improve CNPP maintenance personnel exe• Nuclear Power (INUP) Safety Features of KANUPP cuted a large number of major and (ISFoK)" visited KANUPP from 09 - minor maintenance jobs during INUP vigorously pursued its activities 12 April, 2001 to finalize requirement these outages. to gain full indigenous capabilities in of expert missions for 20C1 to 2002. the fields of core design, Incore fuel CHASNUPP management has been management, accident analysis, fuel Chashma Nuclear Power Plant effectively implementing its policies, design and development and safety (CHASNUPP) goals and objectives for safe and analysis for pressurized water and reliable operation of the Plant en• research reactors. Chashma Nuclear Power Plant suring the safety and health of pub• achieved full power operation for the lic and plant personnel besides pro• Technical cooperation and support frst time on Aug. 21. 2000 and tecting the environment was also extended to other PAEC started its commercial operation on establishments in the above fields Sep. 15, 2000. Provisional accep• Applied Systems and in the areas of software develop• tance of the Plant was acquired on Analysis Group (ASAG) ment for loose parts monitoring and Sep. 25. 2000. The plant was for• vibration measurement analysis. mally inaugurated on March 29. The Group remained involved in the 2001. analysis of economic, financial and environmental issues in the energy/ PHYSICAL SCIENCES AND From July 2000-June 2001, electricity sector development with CHASNUPP generated a total of particular emphasis on the nuclear ENGINEERING 1685.61 GWh of electric energy power option. which raised the cumulative genera• Reactor Operation tion to 1706.802 GWh. The total on The Group continued its analysis of the electricity generation costs of pri• line time of turbine-generator was Pakistan Research Reactor-1 vate and public sector organizations 5678 hours. (PARR-1) was operated for 523 in Pakistan to assist PAEC in tariff hours including 356 hours of opera• negotiations with other organizations. The cumulative on line time since tion at full power and 3455 MWrt of ASAG contributed in updating the gnd connection was 5940 hours. energy was produced. Country Nuclear Power Profile of Average plant capacity factor re•

I Nine hundred and four capsules con• taining various samples were irradi• ated. Research Reactor-2(PARR-2) was operated for 102 hours and 862 samples were irradiated.

Reactor Experiments

Vibration analysis of primary and secondary cooling systems of PARR- 1 was performed and primary system was found satisfactory.

Plasma Physics

Formation of quiet auroral arcs has been studied showing that in the presence of parallel current magne- Level measurement being carried out with neutron tospheric Alfven waves can decouple Backscatter Gauge at PINSTECH into an electrostatic and electromag• netic mode linearly at ionospheric level. A model set of non-linear after the successful demonstration of (810mCi), Na-24 (205mCi), P-32 equations has been proposed to first prototype Laser Land Leveler (87mCi), MIBG <60mCi). La-140, Sr- study the short scale auroral density model 001. All electronic cards and 90. Ba-133, Cs-137 for medical and cavities. most of its mechanical components industrial applications was continued were designed and fabricated indige• throughout the year .Nine in-vivo di• A set of non linear equations for nously. agnostic kits, DTP A, MDP, MIBI. electron-positron-ion plasma with Heptagluconate, Phytate, DMSA. sheared flow has been derived. A new and accurate software was DISIDA. MAG-3, Pyrophosphate developed for the analysis of the hy- worth Rs.5.69 millions were pro• High Temperature perfine spectroscopic data of various duced and supplied to Nuclear Medi• Superconductivity elements taken with Dye Ring Laser cal Centers. All the batches, were pumped by Argon-ion laser. subjected to quality control tests.Fifty Electronic transport mechanism of eight consignments of Tc-99m gen• Fe doped colossal magneto resis• erators (PAKGEN) (150mCi) each To protect the optics of CO: laser tance material LaoesCoasMni.xFexC^ from overheating, water-cooled were sent to Nuclear Medical Cen• has been investigated. In order to flanges were designed and fabri• tres from July to September, 2000 for study the effects of dopant on cated. Availability and manufacturing clinical evaluation All the generators RuS^GdCujOs in which ferromag- feasibility of various leveler compo• showed good performance. netism and superconductivity coex• nents was thoroughly explored from ist, materials with doping of Sn, Pb the local market for mass production Applied Health Physics and Ge have been synthesised by of the system. solid-state reaction. Radiation protection services were Mass Spectrometry provided at PARR-1. PARR-II, 1-131 Production plant and at other radio• Fast Neutron Physics active/radiochemical laboratories at IAEA project "Isotopic and hydro- the Institute. Seven hundred and chemical study of the effect of tan• The facility for Prompt Gamma Neu• sixty four consignments of radioac• nery effluents on groundwater quality tron Activation Analysis has been es• tive material/radiation sources were in Kasur area" and PSF pro- tablished at through tube of PARR-1. authorized for safe transportation jecf'Determination of lateral and ver• Bi neutron filter was installed inside to within and out side PINSTECH. the in pile collimator and shielding of tical penetration of canal water in Re- lead and wax was modified. Anti chna Doab using environmental iso• compton/pair spectrometer was in• topes" were completed. Radioactive Waste stalled and testing of the electronics Management was carried out. Radioisotope 1018m" low-level liquid waste having & beta/gamma activity of about 1653 Laser Studies Radiopharmaceutical Cold Kits MBq was disposed off after neces• & Production sary treatment. Medium-level waste Application collected was stored in interim stor• Production and supply of radioiso• age facility.16.278m3 low-level solid Second operational model 002 of la• topes 1-131 (92Ci), Tc-99m (10Ci), waste having short-lived beta/ ser land leveler has been completed Cr-51 (2Ci), Rb-86 (1Ci), Br-82 2 gamma emitting radionuclides was SOIL BIOLOGY ENTOMOLOGY properly packed and disposed off in the engineered trench. A joint PAEC/PARC research project A new laboratory for trie rearing of on salt tolerance in commercial varie• parasitoids, Trichogramma chilonis Post disposal monitoring of radioac• ties of sunflower and wheat was initi• at Fauji Sugar Mills, Khoski, was es• tive waste disposal area was carried ated. tablished. Two technicians were out by taking samples from bore• trained in parasitoid rearing at the holes. Studies on nutrient status of salt af• bio-control laboratory of NIA, Tando fected soils showed adequacy of K. jam. With the establishment of this AGRICULTURE However, in pot experiments wheat laboratory at Badin, the bio-control responded positively to K application. programme has been expanded in & Total P requirement of wheat could be three districts of Sindh. Construction BIOLOGY applied in a single dose. of another laboratory at Matiari Sugar Mills, district Hyderabad is also in pro• Wheat SOIL SCIENCE gress. Provincial Seed Council recom• mended the variety, Marvi-2000 de• Three field experiments were con• veloped by NIA, for release in the ducted under IAEA Research Con• FOOD TECHNOLOGY Province of Sindh. tract on "Improving crop productivity in rain-fed areas" at NIFA as well as Effect of irradiation (1-5 kGy) on poultry, meat and fish was studied Marvi-2000 is endowed with high at the farmer fields. The result re• vealed that the tillage ,in general , using the "Comet Assay" Technique. grain yield, early maturity, disease Higher radiation dose resulted in in• resistance and good baking quality. improved the yield of wheat and chickpea. creased number of cells with large Its earliness makes it suitable for all DNA migration. cropping systems. Marvi has yield potential of more than 7 t/ha in the Water use efficiency was improved Most of the free fatty acids (FFA) cotton belt of Sindh. by tillage practices at NIFA research station. in beef, poultry and fish were not affected by irradiation treatment Rice A one-year field experiment in Tando- (1-5 kGy). However, increased jam's environment was conducted to amounts of myristic, palmitic, The mutant variety of rice "Sarshar". investigate the dissipation and degra• stearic and oleic acids were evolved through mutagenesis from dation of ''4C-DDT in soil. found in irradiated beef. IR-8, was approved in February 2001 for general cultivation in Sindh. ,4 Binding of C-DD to the soil in• Tree ripening studies on sour creased gradually with the passage of oranges at NIFA showed that weight This variety is not only high yielding time. The extractable residues de• and juice content per fruit increased but also characterized as fine• creased in the same period. from 88.33 to 213.17 gm and 12.5 to grained with resistance to insect pest 80 ml. respectively. and diseases. The overall half-life of DDT was 142 days and the main degradation prod• Total soluble solids increased from 9 About 3353 kg pre-basic seed of mu• ucts were identified as DDE and to 12% while Narangine content tant varieties Shadab Shua-92, 95 DDD. decreased from 4.41% to 3.96% and Sarshar was supplied to pro• gressive farmers of Sindh and Ba- lochistan and also to Sindh Seed Corporation for furthe- multiplication and post-release verification trials.

Cotton

Sohni, a new mutant variety of cot• ton, was approved by "Technical Sub Committee for Approval of New Va• rieties and Techniques" and its pro• posal has been submitted to Provin• cial Seed Council (PSC) of Sindh for its final approval and release for gen• eral cultivation in Sindh.

Sohni endowed with early maturity, high yield and high GOT %, takes 130 to 140 days to mature. during the six-months on tree ripening period. The ascorbic acid content decreased trom 41.66 to 34.3 mg per 100 ml.

BIOTECHNOLOGY & GENETIC ENGINEERING

Plant Molecular virology group suc• cessfully completed characterization of cotton leaf curl virus project. A novel DNA satellite called DNA Beta was found to be associated with the disease and was essentially required for the development of disease symp• toms.

Full-length infectious clones of dis: tinct begomoviruses associated with the disease were obtained and inocu• lations of any of distinct begomovirus associated with the disease and DNA Reverse Transcriptase (RT) - The first nuclear medical centre was beta develop disease symptoms. Polymerase Chain Reaction (PCR) established at Karachi in 1960 and Characterization of various genes en• and hybridization with genotype- through a chain of nuclear medical coded by begomoviruses and DNA specific oligonucleodites to investi• centres, 12 more had been estab• beta are under investigation. gate the prevalence of HCV geno• lished, throughout Pakistan , which types in chronic liver disease patients are providing the latest and the state- During 2000-2001, legume Bio- was carried out of-the-art facilities for the diagnosis Power for 500 acres , rice Bio-Power and treatment of various diseases A total of 230 B-thalassemia alleles for 10,500 acres and wheat Bio- including cancer .These centres have consisting of 130 transfusion depend• Power for 6000 acres in their respec• been established in all four provinces ent thalassemic children and 170 het- tive growing areas have been pro• of the country. On an average, about erozygote/carriers from 115 unrelated vided to the farmers. In legumes 60- three hundred thousand patients families, were analyzed using Poly• 80% increase in crop yield and 70- benefit annually from the services of• merase Chain Reaction (PCR), Am• 90% saving of nitrogen have been fered by these centres achieved. Similarly, 15-20% increase plification Refractory Mutation Sys- in crop yield and 30-70% saving of N tem-PCR (ARMS-PCR) and restnc- This year, about 300,000 patients fertilizer have been achieved in tion endonuclease analysis for detec• were provided the nuclear medicine , wheat and rice. tion of mutations. radioimmunoassay facilities and diag• nostic services by well-trained pro• Glucoamylases and Carboxymethyl Oil biodegradation in soil was studied fessionals at these centres. cellulases (CMCases) from Arachnio- by using 4 locally isolated bacterial tus citrinus have been purified to ho• strains individually and in mixture. The Punjab Institute of Nuclear Medi• mogeneity on Pharmacia Fast Pro• Three of these were isolated from oil cine (PINUM), Faisalabad was for• h tein Liquid Chromatography (FPLC®) contaminated soil from Kot Addu mally inaugurated on Oct 5' .2000 by system. These enzymes have been Power Plant and EBN-8 was a mu• Governor Punjab Lt-Gen (Retd) Mu• th extremely thermo stabilized and acti• tant of previously isolated bacterial hammad Safdar. It is the 12 medical vated in aqueous environment by strain. centre established by PAEC in the carboxyl group modification using country. PINUM has been estab• aniline as a nucleophile. Soil microcosms were established to lished at the cost of Rs. 285 million study the oil (30g/kg soil) in soil and with Rs. 10 million as operational cost for each year. It is located in one As a step towards up scaling of coal to see the contribution of supplemen• of the most populated areas of the bio-desulfurization process an air-lift tation of nitrogen and phosphorus. country and would cater to the needs reactor with 50 L working volume, of more than 4 million people. was fabricated. MEDICAL SCIENCES PAEC's initiative in the field of medi• About 31% reduction in total sulfur NUCLEAR MINERALS cine started from its very inception content of coal was achieved in this and has received the full attention bioreactor employing a pure culture Regional search was conducted in ever since. the Bannu Basin, Malakand, Potwar of a locally- isolated Acidrthiobacillus and the Kirthar Range ferrooxidans strain. 4 Detailed exploratory work was car• Workshops on "Office Automation ess & Mechanical Equipment for Me• ried out at Shanawah in Bannu Basin "and " Basic Computer Training" dium & Heavy industries & Engineer• and at Malakand and Murghazar in were conducted for PAEC employ• ing Sectors. SES supplied jobs Lower Swat. Detailed geological ees & teachers of Margala Coflege worth Rs. 39.84 million to HMC, studies were carried out at sites in for Women, Islamabad during the Khisore Range and Manchar Forma• year 2000-2001. DESCON, SEFEC, OGDC. Fauji Ce• tion. The convocation of batch-VI of Kan- real, KTPS, CPC, CHASNUPP, Preliminary exploratory drilling at upp Institute Of Nuclear Power Engi• RWR, KIRN, ECI, etc. and jobs of Shanawah near Karak has indicated neering (KINPOE) was held on Janu• contract value Rs. 72.0 million are in a sizeable uranium ore deposit. ary 29, 2001. Mr. Muhammad Rafiq hand for Voith Germany, Pak Saudi Tarar, President of Islamic Republic Fertilizer, OGDC, National Refinery, The continuity of uranium ore has of Pakistan was the Chief Guest on CHASNUPP, CPC, KANUPP, PARR- been proved over a strike length of 4 this occasion. I, etc. kirns. The very first borehole drilled in the Manchhar Rock Formation at In the field of bio-sciences, the Na• INTERNATIONAL Wahi Pandi near Dadu in Sindh tional Institute of Biotechnology and RELATIONS Province has indicated ore grade Genetic Engineering (NIBGE) is con• mineralization at about 100 meters ducting M. Phil in biotechnology and Chairman, PAEC led Pakistan dele• depth. 10 students have been awarded M. gation to the Forty-fourth Annual Phil degree this year. General Conference of IAEA heid at Uranium showings have been found Vienna (Austria) from 18-20 Septem• at reasonable number of sites near Similarly, in the field of Bio- ber, 2000 and mesetings of the IAEA Sehwan Sharif in the Manchhar For• Sciences , Nuclear Institute for Agri• Board of Governors from 19-22 mation in the Kirther Range, Sindh. culture and Biology (NIAB) is regu• March, 2001 and 11-15 June, 2001. Visible oxidized uranium mineraliza• larly conducting short term courses He also visited European Organiza• tion has been found in Sindh for the on "Application of Nuclear Technol• tion for Nuclear Research (CERN), first time which, along with other fa• ogy in Agriculture" while the Nuclear Geneva, Switzerland from 10-11 vorable indicators, makes it a prime Institute for Food & Agriculture September, 2000 and Abdus Salam target for uranium exploration in that (NIFA) is also running two courses of International Centre for Theoretical area. 2 weeks duration on "Use of Nuclear Physics (ICTP), Trieste, Italy from Techniques in Food & Agriculture 12-14 September, 2000. HUMAN RESOURCE and "Food Technology" every year. DEVELOPMENT All PAEC Nuclear Medical Centres He paid technical visit to Oconee are conducting FCPS in Nuclear Nuclear Station, South Carolina, During July 2000 to June 2001 ,28 Medicine & Radiotherapy and M. Sc. USA and participated in the WANO PAEC scientists /engineers pro• in Nuclear Medicine as well. Board of Governors meeting in At• st ceeded abroad for training under lanta held on 1 November, 2000 IAEA and other international organi• SCIENTIFIC and Chief Executive Officers (CEO) zations. 12 proceeded for higher & Conference held at Atlanta, from 2-3 November, 2000. Pakistan was re• studied through grant of university ENGINEERING assistantships and 24 benefited from elected unopposed to the Board of scientific visits sponsored by IAEA SERVICES Governors of the International Atomic Energy Agency (IAEA) for a and other International Organiza• The SES Directorate is providing de• term of two years: tions . signing and manufacturing of precise & complex mechanical equipment/ Computer Training Centre CTC con• components, inspection & testing Pakistan has also previously served ducted its 16th post Graduate Train• services and training in NDT and on the IAEA Board for thirteen terms ing Program (PGTP-16) and 7th post Welding Technology . and with this extensive experience Graduate Computer Orientation has consistently advocated the inter• ests of the developing countries. Course (PGCOC-7) in computer It has attained ISO-9001 certification systems software and hardware. for Design & Manufacturing of Proc•

5 KARACHI NUCLEAR POWER PLANT (KANUPP)

OPERATION & MAINTENANCE

During the period from July 2000 to June 2001 KANUPP generated 311.60 GWh which raised the cumu• lative generation since Net Power Date (NPD) to 10,008.14 GWh. The total on-line time of turbo generator was 4,081.32 hours, which raised the cumulative running time upto 30tfl June, 2001 to 142,777.85 hours. to tritium uptake, while the remaining tion and foreign object retrieval on 76% was the contribution from external secondary side. Sludge lancing and The gross capacity and availability dose. The average dose for radiaton Evaluation for Steam Generator life factors during the period were workers was 6.83 mSv per person-year extension. 25.96% & 46.59% respectively. Life• for the reporting period. time average figures for these are Before the site work by RINPO, hand 28.65% and 55.74% respectively. Total gaseous radioactivity released hole design and installation proce• from the plant during the reporting dures were discussed and reviewed Sludge lancing of all the six Steam period was less than 1% of the by the IAEA expert (M/s B&W Can• Generators (SGs) was carried out at maximum permissible release limit ada) who visited KANUPP in Sept KANUPP satisfactorily as per sched• The liquid radioactivity in the effluent 2000 The expert was generally in ule in collaboration with M/S Re• released to sea during this period agreement with the work to be car• search Institute of Nuclear Power was also less than 1 % of the derived ried out by RINPO. Operation (RINPO), China. emission release limit for liquid. The Steam Generator cleaning at During the long shutdown DESIGN KANUPP comprised of soft sludge (05.09.2000 to 24.01.2001) piping of & removal from above the tube sheet boiler blow down system in reactor DEVELOPMENT and removal of corrosion products building were replaced. Around 5000 from 1st Tube Support Plate (TSP) to running feet of BBW pipes compris• Manufacture of Critical Spare control the tube denting problem. ing of more than 850 welding joints Parts were replaced and new pipe insula• RINPO used the rigid type-lancing tion were installed. Snout Jaws # 11 manufactured by tool through No Tube Lane (NTL) for SES is being tested at plant. Manu• cleaning the tube sheet and 1sl TSP. The light water leakage in reactor build• facture of snout Jaws # 12 is in pro• Most of the soft sludge above the ing through boiler blow down lines was gress. tube sheet has been removed. Final one of the main contributor to the un• report on water lancing on the six planned outages. The replacement Steam Generator Sludge Lancing steam generators by RINPO, China of the lines will minimize the un• has been received. planned outages of the plant. Project Water lancing of secondary (shell) RINPO has proposed future line of HEALTH PHYSICS side cleaning in the six steam gen• actions comprising development of & erators at KANUPP was completed Control leakage of condenser tubes, RADIATION SAFETY as per schedule in collaboration with control of water chemistry of SGs M/s Research Institute of Nuclear secondary side and chemical clean• Power Operation (RINPO), China. ing followed by water lancing to con• The total radiation dose received by trol denting problem at 1s' TSP and all personnel in KANUPP radiation The work included Hand hoie design rigid lancing to remove sludge above zones was 5.22 Man-Sv Out of this and fabrication. In-situ drilling and tube sheet. 24% was received as intemsl dose, due hand hole installat on, Visual inspec•

6 Fuel Channel Integrity Safety Analysis Report (KFSAR) Up• whose clearance it shall be released Assessment (FCIA) date Phase-ll, completed in Canada to IAEA and PAEC. However, it was by M/s AECL, OPG and KANUPP the general impression of the expert Proposal from AECL, Canada was team. that overall condition of the fueling received at KANUPP for the second machine is satisfactory. Local manu• Fuel Channel Integrity Assessment The 91h IAEA Steering Committee facturing of spare parts was in pro• (FCIA) scheduled for early 2002. The Meeting (SCM) for SOK/ISF project gress. FCIA activity comprises of Pressure was held from 22-24 May, 2001 in Tube (PT) piece burst testing for Vienna. The SCM concluded that, as Local efforts continued to develop fracture toughness, PT scrape sam• per suggestion of the 8th SCM, KAN• Neutron Power Instrumentation Sys• ples analysis for deuterium pick-up UPP initiated local efforts to develop tem for KANUPP (NISK). The final and crack velocity evaluation and Neutron Power Instrumentation sys• version of Log N Amplifier, Lin N Am• non-destructive examination of se• tem for replacement of the existing plifier and Rate Log N amplifier will lected PTs for general health & con• system which has become difficult to be fabricated with precision compo• dition monitoring. maintain due to obsolescence. nents. Procurement of electronic components has been done. Desalination Plant The SCM suggested that the new system be reviewed as part of the Change Approval for the installation KANUPP desalination unit, which is overall advice in commissioning of of cables for connecting the locally in operation since February 2000, l&C backfltted equipment during developed modules of Neutron has been performing satisfactorily. switchover. Power Instrumentation system for Work on drilling of 3r bore hole has testing on Protection channel re• been completed. As per recommendation of the 8th mained under review. The PVC pipeline to bring water from SCM, KANUPP is developing symp• the bore hole site to desalination tom based EOPs to replace the Two N-16 monitoring channels to re• plant has already been laid. With the event based. A national workshop on place the KNPC N-16 channels, commissioning of this well the unit anchoring issues was organized at have been delivered to KANUPP. will be operating at 100% capacity. KNPC in November 2000. As a fol• These two channels have been in• KANUPP has recently been granted low-up a separate mission to ad• stalled on protective channels A arid approval by PAEC HQ to undertake dress anchoring Main Control Room B for testing at different reactor consultancy for Engineering Supervi• Panels will be initiated for 2001. power levels. sion of 100, 000 gallons per day Re• verse Osmosis desalination plant Follow-up action on the suggestions/ As per recommendation of 9th IAEA being installed at Gwadar Fish Har• recommendations of 9th SCM was Steering Committee Meeting new bour Project Site. being taken up by KNPC. Safety Case #8 on "KANUPP Feeder Pipe Integrity" was prepared and PROJECT (SOK)/lMPROVE The contract agreement document submitted to IAEA for Canadian as• SAFETY FEATURES OF KANUPP between PAEC and COG for provid• sistance. (ISF) ing services fonSOK/ISF project was signed by both parties and the Selected tubes (330 nos.) in west Mr. Milorad Dusic, IAEA Technical agreement is effective from 01-07- water box of condenser were exam• Officer for TG project "improve 2000 for a period of two years. ined by eddy current method. Tubes Safety Features of KANUPP bearing defects exceeding plugging (ISFoK)" visited KANUPP from 09 - Analysis for the modified AGS with criteria were plugged. 12 April, 2001 to finalize requirement different configuration of CO2 head• of expert missions for 2001 to 2002. ers and design parameters was com• Follow-up of recommendation of The end of mission draft report was pleted and report prepared. IAEA ex• IAEA AMAT mission remained con• received. As per recommendation pert Mr. J. Kenchington, visited tinue. Work relating to ageing as• new safety cases and job descrip• KNPC in May 2001 and reviewed the sessment of containment concrete tions of requested expert missions work done by KNPC team. A work and associated plant's building was were prepared and submitted to plan has been prepared for the imple• in progress. Follow-up of recommen• IAEA. mentation of AGS modification. Pur• dation of IAEA missions on Motor• chase of CO2 leak detector, Dew point ized Operating Valves (MOVs) and M/s Dr. John C. Luxat, Manager monitor and CO2 monitor for AGS re• In-Core l&C Cables were in hand. Safety Technology, OPG, Bal K. mained in progress. Kakaria, General Manager CANDU The new Safety Case "To reduce de• and Technical Services and Site Expert Mission was undertaken by contamination of PHT system" was Head, AECL, Tom Shiels, Contract Mr. Alan C. Welch of OPG, Canada discussed in 9th IAEA Steering Com• Manager, AECL, Mr. Kenneth Mori, from 19-30 March, 2001 for mittee Meeting and the Steering Project Manager (SOK), COG visited "Engineering Review of Fueling Ma• Committee decided to de-link this KANUPP from 20 - 24 September, chines". The expert has submitted issue from follow-up inspection of 2000 to present KANUPP Final his mission report to DFAIT upon Reactor Fuel Channels in early 2002. 7 On the advice of the Steering Com• Some clarification are further re• COMPUTER mittee KANUPP has withdrawn this quired for which CHASNUPP is be• DEVELOPMENT case arid submitted new safety ing pursued. Change approval are case # 8 "KANUPP Feeder Pipe being prepared for subsequent im• For CC&l Backfitting Project, yellow• Integrity", Appropriate measures plementation. The main issue re• ing of wiring was done of two rectifi• shall be taken by KANUPP to re• garding anchoring of control room ers, main distribution board, two 24V duce decontamination of PHT sys• panels with large number of bolts DC sub-distribution panets and pre• tem. was resolved and the anchoring fabricated cables related to "C12" arrangement was modified using marshalling cubicle and also of sev• The final report of KANUPP FSAR about 60 bolts instead of 310 bolts. enty-two group cables in the control Update phase-ll was received at room. KANUPP in July, 2000. The report CONTROL was sent to PNRA and was under & Spur cables were terminated for con• review. INSTRUMENTATION trol room devices. Internal wiring was APPLICATION done for modules in marshalling cu• The final & formal IPERS (now IP- LABORATORY (C1AL) bicles ARC-M1/M2 and BRC-M1/M2. SART) mission was held in March, Power supply cable was laid from 2001. The report of IAEA IPSART The static calibration devices re• UPS to the power distribution panels. mission has now been issued. mained operational and services Bus bar duct, from UPS/Battery Their recommendations are being were provided for plant specific re• rooms to distribution panels, in the implemented. The first task of quirements. Various plant measure• electronics rooms was installed. PSA Application is expected to ment and test equipment were cali• complete by end of 2001. brated at Fluke system. Reference The elementary drawings of 24V DC gauges for process instrumentation power supply related to C&l cubi• Internal review of the study earned (test/calibration) were calibrated cles were reviewed and revised. out for modification of AD sumps to against Primary Standards available Complete CA documents for PHT avoid blockage of their screens in at ClAL. system, TS and BFW system were case of LOCA completed. Prepara• prepared along with internal arid ex• tion of draft Environmental Qualifica• Further more, the channel tempera• ternal wiring diagrams of CI-13 mar• tion Program Manual was in pro• ture measurement RTDs were tested shaling cubicle of C&l system. gress. at temperature baths. C&l devices of After completion of control logic for CHASNUPP were tested/calibrated. Distribution of 24V DC and 220V AC interconnection of 3rd Diesel Genera• power supplies to energize the new tor Special Technical Report (STR) Flow, Level, Pressure & Tempera- CG&l system was carried out. was issued and finalized for approval lure Test Rigs remained available. of PNRA for subsequent preparation Efforts are being made to increasing Moreover, installation and testing of of Change Approval. The instrument/ temperature rating of PT-Rig from LN1, LN3 fiber Optic, annunciation control panel to be installed in control 500 to 560°F so that Plant AH sys• system and PI network in the elec• room has been purchased. tem coils can be tested. tronic rooms was also done.

Change Approval for installation of All the activities related to C&l con• Group cable termination document remote sensing/monitoring instru• ventional and C&l safety parts of the and jumper sheets were designed ments in reactor building, has been project were being carried out at and prepared for cables to be laid approved by site safety committee. ClAL. During the reporting period, down for testing during the long shut• The 10 psig test will be conducted Change Approvals for PHT arid down. Acquisition of plant parame• after purchase and installation of boiler and steam/water system were ters by CC&M PLCs, for display on these instruments in reactor building. prepared and issued for review along MMI console and recording on the testing of Application programs at new PDR system was accomplished. The additional data collection work support cabinet. Com missi o n i n g/pre-comm issj oni ng from different sources/organizations, test procedures and reports were as per recommendation of IAEA ex• Process equipment of selective loops generated for all CC&M jobs. CAs pert review mission, was completed were installed in parallel with existing were prepared for 14 C&i loops for partly and sensitivity analysis carried devices and automation system was performance observation during the out. energized to observe the behaviour long shutdown. Parallel installation The designed seismic fixes were re• of C&l devices and control system. was done for various transmitters. vised by CHASNUPP and local con• sultant in line with the guideline pro• The commissioning plan for the CC& To increase computer literacy among vided by the four IAEA experts dur• I backfitting project was prepared the plant personnel, various courses ing their participation in national and issued for review. Process Infor• including Microsoft power point, workshop at KNPC from 20 - 24 No• mation (PI) System for KANUPP was Windows/98 fundamentals, Internet vember, 2000. developed to get it implemented and Microsoft Excel were con• along with CC&l Backfitting Project. ducted. A newly designed IMP (Inventory Management Package) system has been installed and commissioned in the plant store. Computerization of all stock items (approximately 60,000 stock control cards) is in pro• gress.

QUALITY ASSURANCE

In compliance with the requirement laid down in QA manual, a number of announced and unannounced audits related to operation policy and princi• ples, equipment identification & trac- tability change control, house keep• ing facility/up-keeping, calibration of measuring & testing of equipment etc were performed.

Comprehensive audits of various divi• sions/sections were performed and at the been made available, the models are CHASHMA NUCLEAR end of audit a comprehensive audit re• being changed accordingly. port was issued Sixty-three (63) audit POWER PLANT finding reports, highlighting deficiencies A self-assessment program was de• were issued to various divisions/ veloped and discussed with IAEA (CHASNUPP) sections of the plant. expert in April 2001

Chashma Nuclear Power Plant SAFETY ANALYSIS The EPMP is being developed in achieved full power operation for the & three phases. A draft plan for IJW first time on Aug. 21, 2000 and COMPLIANCE UNIT(SA&C) has been prepared and reviewed by started its commercial operation on plant experts. Two RCAs have been Sep. 15, 2000 Provisional accep• The SA&C unit was created on completed and the reports are under tance of the Plant was acquired on 12 10 2000 The responsibilities as• review signed to it include PSA & its appli• Sep. 25, 2000. The plant was for• mally inaugurated on March 29. cations, co-ordination of activities SA&C unit of KNPC is collaborating 2001. pertaining to "Periodic Safety Review with IAEA on the PI project. About 70 (PSR)", development and implemen• indicators are being developed, tation of a self assessment program, PLANT OPERATION & establishment and implementation of TECHNICAL SUPPORT an Equipment Performance Degra• MAINTENANCE dation Plan (EPMP) for critical sys• The reactor produced 3977.5 Billion From July 2000-June 2001, tems. British Thermal Units during the pe• CHASNUPP generated a total of Also included are Root Cause riod .July 2000 to June 2001. 1685.61 GWh of electric energy Analysis (RCA), event analysis in• which raised the cumulative genera• cluding low level events, mainte• During the process 580 fuel bun• tion to 1706.802 GWh. The total on nance of the 'Technical Information dles were discharged from the line time of turbine-generator was Management System (TIMS)" data core. The fuel consumption rate 5678 hours. The cumulative on line base and development and imple• during the period was 5.16 bun- time since grid connection was mentation of Performance Indicators dles/FPD. 5940 hours. Average plant capacity (Pis) to monitor operational safety factor was 59.25% and average and analysis of safety issues. The reactor has now completed plant availability factor was 64.9%. 3685.9 Full Power Days of operation The PSA was completed and a draft since commissioning All the three up• More than 500 maintenance jobs report was issued. An IPSART re• grading plants operated smoothly have been canied out by CNPP view by IAEA was carried out in with an availability factor of 73%. Maintenance Department since Pro• March 2001. The study was judged visional Acceptance during planned to be of high quality. A total of 14-reactor grade batches and unplanned outages and 67 cut batches were processed. However, since then KFSAR update Total reactor grade production was The major jobs include re- results and new information on some 9463.0 Kg. commissioning of Turbine Re-heater postulated accident sequences have Temperature Controller (RTC). 9 Moreover, the Main Generator Recti• fier Cabinet # 5 Breaker not opening problem was resolved. Main Steam Ejector # 1 was replaced while Con• densate Booster Pump A&B was re• paired. Thirteen failed tubes of High Pressure Feed Water Heater #5 were plugged after performing ECT.

Major Plant Modifications

Since Provisional Acceptance a number of modification have been implemented/under various stages of implementation by Engineering De• partments. These include Design modification in public address sys• tem, Card Access Control System, Signing ceremony for Provisional Acceptance of Modification in SBR piping, TX gland CHASNUPP by PAEC seal steam system, vent line drain system & Condensate system, The QA division reviewed 40 admin• output Reactor Thermal rating was change of vent valve location. istrative & Technical Procedures of 935 MWe yielding a gross heat rate CNPP departments I divisions to ver• of 10524 KJ / KWh which was about ify that the essential requirements of 7% better than the warranted heat Quality Assurance IAEA Safety guides / PNRA regula• rate. tion have been included. A comprehensive plan was estab• Quality Assurance Department of lished and monitored to systemati• CNPP is performing owner's QA sur• IMPLEMENTATION OF cally review the commissioning test veillance during the operat on phase MAIN CONTRACT procedures, their modifications and of CNPP in accordance with the re• final test reports and results to as• quirements of the overall QA pro• Commissioning Activities sure that the tests performed demon• gramme during operation. at Site strate the design intent.

QA division carried out its surveil• The deficiencies/ shortcomings in the With the successful completion of hot lance activities during the last phase commissioning test procedures and functional tests, initial criticality, low of the commissioning tests provi• final test reports detected during re• power tests and connection to grid in sional acceptance and plant opera• view were got resolved from Main June 2000, the last phase of com• tion and maintenance. The QA re• Contractor. missioning was completed with the quirements have gradualy shifted conduct of power tests. from overall QA programme during During the review process at CNPP, construction to overall QA pro• a total of 75 commissioning test pro• gramme during operation. The ob• This was followed by the plant per• cedures related to initial criticality servations are documented as sur• formance measurement and reliabil• and low power and power tests and veillance reports. ity demonstration tests in fulfillment 250 final test reports were reviewed. of the contractual requirements. Power plant performance test to During the period under report, 40 Provisional Acceptance of CNPP demonstrate the net output and plant Non-Conformance Notices (NCNs) heat rates, Load cycling between were issued to CZEC / Engineering 100% FP and 50% FP for three suc• Department by QA division during A detailed methodology was devel• cessive days &continuous operation commissioning and operation of oped by Engineering Department for for 3 days at minimum sustainable CNPP. systematic plant acceptance, identi• load were carried out. fication of responsibilities and devel• The commissioning and plant per• opment of guidelines for system QA division conducted six audits of formance tests were successfully walk-downs to visually confirm the various departments / divisions of completed and plant started its com• configuration of systems according CNPP. These division / department mercial operation w.e.f. September to latest engineering drawings. include Operation, Engineering, 15,2000. Health Physics, Chemistry section Training division and security sec• Three procedures were developed tion. Audit reports were sent to these The performance tests yielded the and implemented to coordinate divisions / departments for imple• plant net output to be 304.2 MWe streamline and ensure timely com• mentation of suggested corrective after up-rating the measured output pletion of PA activities. ; actions. to 2T C intake water temperature with power factor 0,86, plant gross 10 the energy spares, the spares having worth of US $ 70.000/- have also been received at Site. One year spares / Consumables and special tools as per main contract value are received The left over ma• terial comprising of Hardware / plumbing items, fittings, spares, equipment etc. having a worth of Rs 11 million are received at Plant Warehouse.

APPLIED SYSTEMS ANALYSIS GROUP (ASAG)

The Group has been involved in the analysis of economic, financial and A view of fully operational Turbine and Generator at environmental issues in the energy/ CHASNUPP electricity sector development with These were interface of CNPP & dance with article 18.4 of the Main particular emphasis on the nuclear CZEC for provisional acceptance of Contract was signed. power option. CNPP. CNPP internal procedure for identification and rectification of PA Twenty-four (24) equipment War• The Group continued its analysis of deficiencies & procedure for take• ranty notifications were issued to the electricity generation costs of pri• over of CNPP systems / subunits CZEC 04 notifications were ac• vate and public sector organizations from CZEC / QNPC to CNPP. The cepted by CZEC and corrective in Pakistan, which will help in tariff acceptance work was divided into action taken. The rest were re• negotiations with other organizations four main areas, including docu• jected. The Group contributed in updating mentation verification, engineering the Country Nuclear Power Profile of works completion verification plant IMPLEMENTATION OF Pakistan for the Year 2000. This ef• performance qualification and plant AUXILIARY CONTRACTS fort involved not only the data on nu• special materials hand-over verifica• clear power in Pakistan but also a tion. Nuclear Fuel and Fuel broad picture of the energy/electricity sector of the country. More than 1500 deficiencies were Management detected during the above mention The IAEA awarded a research con• verification phases. These deficien• Trie first reload consisting of forty tract to ASAG to review its recently cies were further categorized as mi• (40) fresh Fuel Assemblies (FA) and developed model for estimation of nor and major deficiencies and after fifty-two (52) Thimble Plug Assem• external costs of electricity genera• discussion among CNPP and CZEC blies (TPA) arrived at site These tion (BGLAD). personnel. 500 deficiencies were Fuel Assemblies and Thimble Plug This work involves review of the agreed for resolution/rectification by Assemblies were inspected by CNPP methodological issues as well as CZEC, experts in collaboration with other testing of the computer software de• establishments of PAEC and ac• veloped for the model. After verification in the four areas, cepted all the FAs and TPAs at Site. identified for Provisional Acceptance The Group completed the country and commitment for resolution of SNERDI provided Cycle-1 Operation study "Impact of environmental regu• agreed deficiencies, by CZEC, com• Data prediction and analysis report. lations on electric system expansion pletion verification certificates were Data bank for computer code IN- in Pakistan in the medium to long signed for the four areas. Provi• COPW was also provided by term" under the Coordinated Re• sional Acceptance Certificate was SNERDI as per Fuel Contract, Re• search Programme of the IAEA. The then signed by higher management sults of flux map processing were final report was submitted to the on 25th Sep. 2000. provided by SNERDI. Agency. In 1999, a country study was initiated CNPP personnel took charge of all Contract for spare parts under the IAEA Coordinated Re• the plant and responsibility for in• search Programme on GHG mitiga• dependent operation. The spares of value US $ 2.8 million tion options Final report of the study are received from Chinese as batch- entitled "The role of nuclear power in An interface procedure between 0. In batch-1. the spares having mitigating Greenhouse Gases Emis• CNPP and CZEC for disposition of worth of US $ 2 6 million have been sions in the medium to long term in equipment Warranty in accor- received at Site Under procedure for Pakistan" is being prepared. II Research study on "Comparative as• analysis for pressurized water and as well as transient for CNPP by us• sessment of investment on infrastruc• research reactors. Technical coop• ing RELAP and other Chinese origin ture for Development of Nuclear Power eration arid support was extended to computer codes. and Other Energy Chains for Electricity other PAEC establishments in the Generation under the IAEA Coordi• above fields and in the areas of soft• The Revision-0 and Revision-1 of nated Research Programme on ware development for loose parts procedures for Core Physics Tests at "Impact of Infrastructural Requirements monitoring and vibration measure• KANUPP were prepared.Work on on the Competitiveness of Nuclear ment analysis. Power Ramp transient Analysis of Power" was continued. Progress re• CHASNUPP has been in progress. ports have been sent to the Agency. The data bank for JNCOPW code for flux mapping of CHASNUPP was The effects of power increase rate on Research efforts were also continued generated and the second part of the fuel rod performance have been di• in the area of sustainable develop• report was issued. INUP also made vided into two phases. The first ment of electricity sector in Pakistan. vibration measurements on phase has been completed and sec• A paper on evaluation of nuclear CHASNUPP Reactor coolant pumps. ond phase is in progress. power1 as a CDM (Clean Develop• Work on the establishment of Re• ment Mechanism) option for Pakistan pository for CHASNUPP documents INUP has developed expert software was prepared and presented at the continued. Scientists/Engineers par• for loose parts monitoring for PWR technical sessions organized by the ticipated in the power raising tests of plants. Establishment of a central vi• IAEA at UN Conference of PartJes-6 CHASNUPP and the tests were car• bration analysis lab at INUP continued. held at the Hague, ried out at 75% and 100% of full The Netherlands and the 44th Gen• power. eral Conference of the IAEA. The Group continued its efforts in the Data was collected which would area of development of computer complete the data bank required for software for the energy models. The operational core analysis in INCOPW IAEA awarded a contract to ASAG computer code. The measurements for development of Online Help for its of DNBR for CHASNUPP were taken newly developed financial analysis at plant and its comparison was model F1NPLAN. made with the computed value. Op• erational core parameter prediction and analysis has been done. INSTITUTE FOR NUCLEAR POWER (INUP) An analysis was performed for evalu• INUP vigorously pursued its activities ating the difference between the to gain indigenous capabilities in the measured and calculated critical bo• fields of core design, Incore fuel ron concentration. The Methodology management, accident analysis, fuel has been developed to perform ther• design and development and safety mal hydraulic analysis, steady state,

12 PHYSICAL SCIENCES AND ENGINEERING

NUCLEAR SCIENCE tion in the area of loose part moni• and thermally equilibrated with the & toring supplied by IAEA under the surface before forming final products. IAEA technical cooperation project. Non-thermal processes have been TECHNOLOGY Vibration analysis of primary and introduced in the computational mod• secondary cooling systems of PARR- eling of surface catalyzed reactions. Reactor Operation 1 was performed, Fast Neutron Physics Pakistan Research Reactor-1 Misalignment was detected in one of (PARR-1) was operated for 523 the secondary pumps which was rec• The facility for Prompt Gamma Neu• hours including 356 hours of opera• tified. However, a database has been tron Activation Analysis has been es• tion at full power and 3455 MWh of developed for the computerized tablished at through tube of PARR-1. energy was produced. Nine hundred management of record and reports of Bi neutron filter was installed inside and four capsules containing various PARR-1 using ACCESS 2000. Op• the in pile collimator and shielding of samples were irradiated. Core load• eration and quality record of the pri• lead and wax was modified. Anti ing No. 95 and 97 were assembled. mary cooling system of PARR-1 is compton/pair spectrometer was in• being maintained since its initial criti• stalled and testing of the electronics Six fuel elements were replaced after cality with LEU fuel. The package is was carried out. The characteristic achieving their design burn-up. also being used for fuel burn-up cal• absolute efficiency of high purity Ge Three standard fuel elements of in• culations and preparation of material detector has been investigated in the termediate burn up and three fresh balance reports for submission to energy range 120-1500 keV. standard fuel elements were loaded IAEA. in the core.Pakistan Research Reac- Nuclear Cross-section tor-2 (PARR-2) was operated for 102 Reactor Physics and Safety Studies hours and 862 samples were irradi• ated. Feasibility studies have been initiated The cross-section measurements of Reactor Experiments for the operation of PARR-1 with a some threshold reactions on Ti and mixed core using HEU and LEU fuel. Hg have been carried out. These in• Four Korean experts visited for the ; 45 Neutronic and sa'ety calculations are clude reactions like " Ti (n,2n) Ti, installation of DAS-LPMS equip• 46 46 7 i7 4e being carried out. Ti (n,p) Sc, " Ti(n,p) Sc, Ti(n,p) ment, to be used for experimenta- 48 4S 49 50 47 Sc, Ti (n,p) Sc. Ti(n,a) Ca, RESEARCH 196Hg (n,2n) 195Hg and llBHg (n,a) 195 & Pt. The average values were found to be 4.57 mb, 12.87 mb, DEVELOPMENT 20.11 mb, 0.32 mb, 27.05 mb, 4.49 mb, 0.01 mb and 0.004 mb respec• Plasma Physics tively. Formation of quiet auroral arcs has been studied showing that in the High Temperature presence of parallel current magne- Superconductivity tospheric Alfven waves can decouple Electronic transport mechanism of into an electrostatic and electromag• Fe doped collosal magneto resis• netic mode linearly at ionospheric 1 tance material La Co35Mni.xFe(03 i e . e f a65 has been investigated by ac conduc• tivity measurements. In order to A model set of non-linear equations study the effects of dopant on has been proposed to study the short RuSr GdCu 0 in which ferromag- scale auroral density cavities. A set : 2 8 netism and superconductivity coex• of non linear equations for electron- ist, materials with doping of Sn, Pb positron-ion plasma with sheared and Ge have been synthesised by flow has been derived. solid-state reaction.

Computational Physics Mossbauer Spectroscopy The vast majority of surface cata• lyzed reactions proceed via Lang- Study of crystallization of melt-spun

Fe7 muir-Hinshelwood (LH) mechanism alloy 7 2Mooo8Bi3Si3 has been car• Reactor glow at in which both reactants are adsorbed ried out. PARR-1, PINSTECH

13 The identification of different phases Crystallization behaviour of Fe-Mo- u) 238U + ^'U have been determined like a-Fe. Fe:.B Fe:B and Fe-Si has Si-B amorphous a loy was invest- experimentally. been done. Investigation of high tem• gated after heat treatment at differert perature corrosion of super-alloys temperatures (400-700:C). The study of the reaction 158 A GeV namely. Incoloy 800H Incoloy 825, :o'Pb + ;"Cu has been earned out Inconel 690. Sanicro 28, UBHA-25L Corrosion behavior of a reactor ma- using CR-39 track detectors. and SS 304L in air and steam at terial-Hastelloy C-276 was studied 1200CC for 400 hrs has been com• after ageing at 850°C. Computeriza• For the Search for Light Magnetic pleted. tion of locally made goniometer for Monopoles (SLIM) experiment, a X-ray diffractometer was completed. laboratory has been established and Low Energy Physics preparations are being made to in• Neutron and X-Ray stall 114 nr of detectors in a suitable Various source options like Duoplas- Diffraction high altitude (-500 m) station. matron and Cusp Field Hollow Cath• ode Cluster source were tested to For the up gradation of the old neu• Lasers Studies produce C beam. The work on the tron spectrometer, flat mosaic Cu sputtering of the carbon walls of hol• monochromator has been replaced Two-step spectroscopy of tin was low cathode and disk formation of by horizontal bent perfect silicon carried out with a high temperature the regenerative carbon soot under crystal resulting in an intensity en• atomic beam source and Nd:YAG heavy inert gases and phenomenon hancement at the sample position by laser to study the even-parity of emission of the clusters has been a factor of three. To reduce the un• Rydberg states of tin. The intermedi• completed. wanted fast neutrons a Bi filter was ate level was 5p6s (3/2.1/2)i, the installed. Investigations on structure second dye laser was scanned Electron Microscopy refinement of materials like above the first ionization threshold 2 LaossCaossMm.xFeiCb (x £ 0.2), La- 5 P3/2 V0 and LaV0 have been carried The different phases produced due 4 3 The 5pnf(3/2,5/2) , 5pnf(3/2,7/2) to diffusion bonding of zircaloy-4 with out. 12 2 5pnp(3/2,1/2) 2 and 5pnp(3/2,3/2) stainless steel and a Ta strip in be• V 12 even-parity series have been ob• tween the two were identified. Me• Nuclear Interaction Studies served. The observed spectra were chanical alloying of different amounts simulated within the frame work of of Zn with Al was successfully The interactions of 15.9 MeV/u Au multi-channel quantum defect theory achieved by X-ray diffraction and ions incident on CR-39 polymer were electron microprobe analysis. studied and 200 events were identi• fied to satisfy the kinematical criteria A new and accurate software was of in-flight fission developed for the analysis of the hy- process. The multi- perfine spectroscopic data of various body events of the elements taken with Dye Ring Laser reaction (14.5 MeV/ pumped by Argon-ion laser. u) Xe + Bi were studied using CR- To protect the optics of CO? laser 39 plastic track de• from overheating, water-cooled tectors. flanges were designed and fabri• cated, and were found satisfactory The nuclear interac• for laser output power up to 50W. 208 na tions of Pb + " Beam splitters for CO: lasers were 'Au at 14 MeV/u fabricated which are working satis• beam energy, lead• factorily. ing to heavy reac• tion products of Track Detectors multiplicities 3-5 Methodology were studied. The analysis showed Experimental data have been col• that these events lected from 25 different CR-39 sam• were due to the se• ples exposed to 252Cf source and an• quential fission nealed for various time intervals at process. Total reac• different temperatures, in order to tion cross-section critically compare different annealing as well as some models. kinematical pa• rameters for the Nuclear Geological Studies Electron Microscope, A frequently used heavy ion interac• facility at PINSTECH tions of (14.2 MeV/ The uranium contents of fourteen rock samples from Azad Kashmir

14 were determined using '"ission-track fects in nuclear fuel materials was Environmental Research analysis technique. The values were experimentally established. found to be in the range 0.83 ± 0.05 Marine coastal water, sediments, to 8.67 ± 0.25 ppm. The apatite age Radiation and Isotope and net samples of phytoplankton of the Loe Shilman carbonatite body Hydrology were collected from seven selective has been determined to be 18.87 ± locations. Significantly depleted d13C 1.33 Ma. Isotopic and chemical investigations (TDIC) values in seawater collected were concluded for two IAEA Re• from Karachi, Damb Sonmiani and The technique of Neutron Induced search Contracts. Field sampling, Gawadar have indicated consider• Radiography was applied to deter• isotopic and chemical analyses were able inputs of pollution from industrial mine the boron concentration in min• carried out for another IAEA Sub- and domestic wastes along these eral tourmaline collected from Swat. project "Isotope Use in Managing coasts. and Protecting Drinking Water". Gamma spectroscopy system was Radiocarbon dating was performed Radiation and Isotope installed and calibrated. on coffin samples of a mummified Application body from Baluchistan.1iC values of above 100 pmc were obtained for Life Sciences Field studies for the measurement of soil erosion and sedimentation of these samples, which indicate the Samples of urine, milk, saliva and catchment areas of Rawal Dam were mummified body pertains to post blood were collected and analyzed carried out and soil cores from refer• 1945 period. for total protein, serum ferritin and ence study sites and sediment cores hemoglobin level under IAEA project collected frorri dam reservoir were Laser Application 1 entitled "Application of stable iso• analyzed for ~Cs, topes in determining the body com• Second operational model 002 of la• position and its correlation with the Tritium analysis of water samples ser land leveler has been completed quality of breast milk in Pakistani was performed for Iran, Syria,etc and after the successful demonstration of malnourished mothers". radiocarbon dating services were ex• first prototype Laser Land Leveler tended to Vietnam and Syria. model 001. All electronic cards and most of its mechanical components Stability study of the fortificants was Industrial Application were designed and fabricated indige• done for the IAEA project " Measur• nously. ing the effectiveness of iron fortified Study of the polluted stream waste wheat flour. A rapid, sensitive and treatment plant efficiency using Availability and manufacturing feasi• specific high-performance liquid radiotracer technique was completed bility of various leveler components chromatographic (HPLC) method for the IAEA's CRP-10054. was thoroughly explored from the was established for the determina• local market for mass production of tion of vitamin A in serum of humans. A heat exchanger unit at National the system. It was noted that most of Refinery Limited (NRL), Karachi was the mechanical parts could be fabri• Mass Spectrometry e2 tested for leakage using Br radio• cated using local market expertise. A IAEA project namely "Isotopic and tracer. A procedure was developed small-scale production of laser land hydrochemical study of the effect of for leakage detection of underground leveler was initiated in March 2001 tannery effluents on groundwater radioactive waste pipeline. which has yielded five such units. quality in Kasur area" and PSF pro• ject "Determination of lateral and vertical penetration of canal water in Rechna Doab using environmental isotopes" were completed. A new control system of the GD-150 mass spectrometer was fabricated and tested. Samples received from IAEA Member States were analyzed for 2H, 1sO, 13C and 15N.

IMon-Destructive Testing

The design of neutron radiography facility was modified to enhance ther• mal neutron flux level at the image plane and to reduce contribution of gamma radiation helping to deterio• rate the image quality of neutron ra• diographs. The capability of en• hanced system for detection of de• Atomic absorption Spectrophotometre facility at CAFP PINSTECH 15 MATERIAL SCIENCE medical products like infusion sets analysis of samples for National Ag• etc. has been developed. Work on riculture Research Centre (NARC), Rare Earth Studies the conversion of agrp waste into Islamabad. useful products such as animal feed The reproducibility studies on by radiation is being carried out. An ion-pair HPLC method has been crushed and de-slimed carbonatites developed for trace fevel simultane• of Lbe-Shilman (NWFP) using water A study of various physico-chemical ous determination of nitrite and ni• fluidized columns were completed. properties of chelating polymers was trate using normal phase column and The results confirmed 2.5 times conducted for the uptake of U02+ , UV detector. Preconcentration of en• physical up gradation. Optimization Cu 2\ Dy3+ and Pb . Research on vironmental carcinogens such as pol- of process parameters for extraction inorganic ion exchangers like zirco• yaromatic hydrocarbons is being op• of rare earths is continuing. nium phosphate and silicon anti- timised employing various types of monate composite was carried out polymeric resins such as XAD-2 and Chemical Material Studies for the study of removal of E3Ni, ^r, XAD-7. and 137Cs from nuclear waste solu• Research and Development work on tions. recovery of Tellurium-metal from ra• Comparative evaluation of normal dioactive waste solution was com• phase (partisil silica) and reverse ANALYTICAL pleted. The parameters for recovery phase (octadecyl silica) column for TECHNIQUES of Te-metal and its conversion to the separation and quantification of TeO? were established. About 3 kg. Environmental Studies uranium, iron and copper in various of Te-metal was recovered and more matrices has been completed. than 100 g of spectrochemical grade Twenty-four sets of particulate matter in air samples from the rural areas of More than 200 blood samples of nor• Te02 powder was produced at opti• mised conditions. Islamabad were collected using mal subjects and hypertensive pa• GENT stacked filter air sampler unit tients were analyzed for Cu, Mg, Zn, Studies on surface modification of over a period of about six months. Pb and Cd using atomic absorption stainless steel Fe and Fe-Cr alloys Concentrations of particulate matter spectrophotometry (AAS). are in progress. Effect of thin layer were found to have a maximum deposition and heat treatment has value of 0.6 mg/l for 0.4mm filter and To assess the intake of lead through been studied. 0.19 mg/l for 8.0 mm fitter. food spices and food colours, ten brands of these samples were ana• Corrosion Studies The determination of radon concen• lysed for their lead contents by AAS. tration in drinking water, taken from Determination of lithium was carried The structures of various alloys re• wells and dam water from the twin- out in fifty samples of whole blood of ceived from different organizations cities of Islamabad and Rawalpindi normal subjects in relation of the were revealed and alloys composi• were carried but. The maximum ra• psychoneurotic diseases. tion/designation-number and their don concentration was found to be fabrication history were determined, 18.5±5.0 kBq m"3 in a well water of Radio & Nuclear investigations for the cause of corro• Islamabad. Chemistry sion in Sui Northern Gas Pipelines at Dbulian are in progress. The trace elements evaluation in hu• The radiochemical separation meth• man milk and infant head hair was odology has been developed for the Alloy Development undertaken to correlate their defi• characterization and determination of & ciency symptoms in infants to the trace elements in environmental, bio• Characterization dietary intake. Thirty specimens from logical and high purity materials. It mothers and their infants were col• has been applied for the trace impu• A dual phase steel was produced. lected from a wide cross section of rities determination in high purity Tensile testing of the samples re• our society and were analyzed. magnesium, titanium and tungsten; vealed that strength of the steel in• essential and toxic trace elements creased with intercritical tempera• For the toxicity adequacy evaluation determination in dietary items and tures with little effect on the ductility. the contents of heavy metals such as body fluids. Several batches of U Si were 3 2 Cd, Pb, Cu and Zn in kidney cortex prepared by arc melting. Analysis of human arid domestic animals are indicated the presence of substantial being estimated. This interactive be• Various cations, and anions on the amount of Studies are under UO2 havior of Pb and Cd ions in arid with sorption of cerium have also been way to eliminate the U0 and other 2 the environmental samples has been carried out. Separation of radionu• unnecessary phases from the melt. done using radiotracer and voftam- clide of Se and Hg using polyure- metric techniques. thane foam was achieved. Polymer Processing & Sorption of Hg(ll), Ag(l), Cr(lll) onto Ethylene has been determined in Radiation Studies coconut husk surface has been stud• bulk acetylene using thermal conduc• ied and the conditions for quantita• Radiation resistant polypropylene for tivity detector (TCD). This developed tive adsorption were optimized. the production of syringes and other procedure has been used for the 16 To improve the separation of rare earth elements from various matrices synergic extraction of Tm Eu and Ce with picrolonic acid and neutral ligands in chloroform were carried out.

Decontamination studies of Pb and Cd from industrial effluents have been earned out using naturally oc• curring mineral mixtures as an ad• sorbent by optimizing various phys- icochemical parameters.

Removal of mercury by sol-gel doped with 1-naphthylthiocarbonide has been studied and optimised to Creep testing lab NMD , PINSTECH remove mercury from the industrial Central Analytical Facilities Forty five environmental samples col• waste. lected from CHASNUPP site were Analytical services were provided to analyzed for the generation of base Ideal conditions for the extraction of various divisions of PINSTECH and line data prior to criticality. mercury(ll) from HCI with 1- other establishments of PAEC. Ser• naphthylthiocarbomide in MIBK has vices were also provided to outside Services of mobile radiation labora• been established. The data obtained organizations on commercial basis tory were rendered in emergency from this work will be helpful in the by analyzing 1036 samples. preparedness and off-site radiologi• design of process for the removal of cal environmental monitoring and Hg from industrial effluents and de• HEALTH PHYSICS hazard assessment programme. contamination of Hg from contami• Applied Health Physics nated soil. Ambient gamma dose level around Radiation protection services were PINSTECH was measured and SERVICES provided at PARR-1. PARR-2, 1-131 found to be 0.169 ± 0.01m Gy. Eight• AND Production plant and at other radio- een marble samples were analyzed PRODUCTS active/radiochemical laboratories at for gamma emitting radionuclides the Institute. and associated radiation hazards to Radioisotope and general public. Radiopharmaceutical Seven hundred and sixty four con• signments of radioactive material/ Cold Kits Production Radiation Dosimetry radiation sources were authorized for Production and supply of radioiso• safe transportation to within and out topes 1-131 (92Ci), Tc-99m (10Ci), side PINSTECH. An up to date in• Film badge dosimetry, thermolumi- Cr-51 (2Ci), Rb-86 (1Ci). Br-82 ventory of radiation being used at nescence dosimetry and bioassay (810mCi), Na-24 (205mCi), P-32 FINSTECH was prepared and physi• were provided on monthly basis to (87mCi). MIBG (60mCi). La-140, Sr- cally verified. about 3100 radiation workers in 90. Ba-133, Cs-137 for medical and about 310 establishments. About industrial applications was continued Radiation protection services were 26000 dosimeters were processed. throughout the year. also provided for transportation of 700 TLD-cards (G-2) were processed source (192ir) from Islamabad to for assessment of area and environ• mental radiation dose levels. Nine in-vivo diagnostic kits. DTPA, CHASNUPP site. MDP, MIBI. Heptagluconate, Phy- Environmental Monitoring International inter-comparison of en• tate, DMSA, DISIDA, MAG-3. Pyro• vironmental dosimeters by G-2 ther- phosphate worth Rs. 5.69 millions moluminescence dosimeters with the were produced and supplied to Nu• Radiological assessment of 312 air collaboration of Environmental Moni• clear Medical Centers. All the particulate samples received from toring Laboratory (EML), USA and batches were subjected to quality country wide radiological environ• mental monitoring network was "Third Phase IAEA/RCA Inter- control tests. made. comparison for Individual Monitoring" was continued. Fifty eight consignments of Tc-99m Radiometric analysis for the detec• generators (PAKGEN) (150mCi) tion and measurement of fission frag• Secondary Standard each were sent to Nuclear Medical ments and activation products was Dosimetry Centres from July to September, performed in 1874 environmental 2000 for clinical evaluation. During the period under review 85 samples including charcoal filter, etc. protection level survey meters re- 17 ceived from various establishments in the country were calibrated.

Services were provided to various establishments of PAEC including classified projects. Inventory of ra• diation sealed sources were up• graded up to June 30, 2001. The SSDL Laboratory participated in IAEA Protection level TLD Postal Dose Inter-comparison Programme and IAEA Therapy level TLD Postal Dose Inter-comparison Programme. The inter-comparison results are in good agreement with IAEA Do• simetry _aboratory measurements.

Radioactive Waste A view of mobile radiation monitoring lab (MRML) Management Maintenance Services

1018mJ low-level liquid waste having Repair and Maintenance work of Two SUN Computer systems contin• beta/gamma activity of about 1653 more than One hundred and twelve ued to work satisfactorily. Computer MBq was disposed off after neces• instruments was carried out which services against 8334.0 CPU hours sary treatment. Medium-level waste included Induction Furnace, Uninter• were provided. collected was stored in interim stor• ruptible Power Supply 60 KVA, UV age facility. 16.278m3 low-level solid Spectrophotometer, Liquid Scintilla• PDP-11/73 computer of POF Wah waste having short-lived beta/ tion Counter, Nitrogen Analyzer, X- interfaced with artillery ammunition gamma emitting radionuclides was Ray Diffractometer, Freeze Dryer proximity fuse board testing equip• properly packed and disposed off in with microprocessor based Control ment was repaired successfully. Im• the engineered trench. System etc. mediate solution of the problem i.e. generation/installation of software Post disposal monitoring of radioac• COMPUTERS backup on a compatible drive was tive waste disposal area was carried Technical Developments also provided. out by taking samples from bore• holes. No migration of the disposed Distributed computing, its application Scientific Information off radioactivity has been found indi• viz. "Messaging System" has been cating safe disposal. Twenty spent developed and tested in multi- Regular monthly current awareness sealed radiation sources were collected platform environment using Java API services including Selective Dissemi• from M/s Jiacco Pak Pvt. Ltd. Lahore, M/ Socket and applying Multithreading nation Information (SDI) from the s Inspectest Pvt. Ltd Lahore and M/s technique. newly added information in the in- Capital Hospital, G-6/2-1, Islamabad for house databases of International Nu• disposal. Features like File exchange, Clients clear Information System-(INIS), Ta• Info, Message Display, and Memory ble of Contents (TOCs) of journals Electronics Instrumentation Resources Recollection have been and technical reports and retrospec• completed. tive searches were provided to man• Control rod position indication sys• agers, scientists and engineers of tem at PARR-1 was re-designed and An application server under Windows PINSTECH, all PAEC establish• fabricated. Another Delta-T Module 2000 environment was installed to ments, R and D organizations and for Reactor Power Measurement was standardize the application soft universities within the country re-designed and fabricated for wares and to provide central comput• against 425 profiles registered. PARR-1. ing facility to PINSTECH users. As the national center for Interna• Electronic instrument modules were Software for elemental analysis of tional Nuclear Information System designed and developed for KCP-II, Scanning Electron Microscope has (INIS) in Pakistan, SID has submitted KANUPP and PARR-1 .All of these been developed. 320 inputs about the research work modules were developed using local in the field of Nuclear S & T resources. Data is captured on PC through Five different power supplies were PCA-8000 card in binary file. After Similarly 162 documents have been designee and developed. 16 disc converting this data into ASCII for• dispatched to assist IAEA as volun• type capacitors, twenty four trans• mat, elemental analysis for various tarily contribution by Pakistan as formers and forty three printed circuit samples is performed. backlog of core scientific journals in boards were made for various uses. 1$ INIS database. Compflation of inter• RESEARCH PROJECTS national publications of PiNSTECH and 2 of Pakistan Council of Research in Wfater Resources (PCRWR) re• scientists and researchers from 1967 About 33 prqects of International mained in progress. Besides, collabo• onward has been published. Atomic Energy Agency (IAEA), 7 of ration with nationa! and international Pakistan Science Foundation (PSF) organizations continued.

19 BIO-SCIENCES

AGRICULTURE & BIOLOGY

PAEC has been playing a significant role in improving agricultural produc• tivity of the country through its three agriculture research institutions namely; Nuclear Institute of Agricul• ture (NIA), Nuclear Institute for Agri• culture and Biology (NIAB), Nuclear Institute for Food and Agriculture (NIFA) and one Biotechnology insti• tute, National Institute for Biotechnol• ogy and Genetic Engineering A field view of highly successful cotton variety (NIBGE), situated ideally in distinct NIAB Karishma agronomic zones. "TAKBEER". About 25 tonnes quality by exhibiting the yield potential of seed of TAKBEER & TATARA was 2498 kg/ha against the highest yield Due to their outstanding contribution produced at NIFA and Kundian Seed potential of CM-473. to in various scientific disciplines, Farms. Out of this seed, 20 tonnes has these centres enjoy a respectable already been supplied to Joint Seed Ven• The NIAB-98 attained 4,r position in place at national and international ture Programme. Newly developed im• DCR Trials by manifesting the yield level. These centres have so far proved rain-fed line "BWL-949549" potential of 2456 k g/ha. Promising evolved, 40 improved vaieties of proved its worth for higher yield and advanced mutant lines NIAB-111/1, crops, which have increased the crop drought tolerance. NIAB-111/2, NIAB-111/3 and NIAB- production of the country manifold. 228 possessing high yield potential Approximately 3500 tones pure seed and superior fiber quality traits have of the two NIFA wheat varieties MUTATION BREEDING been planted at 50 locations in differ• Bakhtawar-92 and Fakhr-e-Sarfiad ent cotton growing zones to evaluate was produced and supplied to the their performance & wider adaptabil• Wheat provincial seed multiplication agen• ity. cies. Moreover, 0.25 tones BNS and Provincial Seed Council recom• 24 tones basic seed of Fakhr-e- Sohni, a new mutant variety of cotton mended the variety Marvi-2000, de• Sarhad has also been produced at evolved by NIA, was approved by veloped by NIA, for release in the NIFA and Kundian Farms which are Technical Sub Committee for Ap• Province of Sindh. Marvi-2000 is en• being provided to provincial seed proval of New Varieties and Tech• dowed with high grain yield, early multiplication agencies for further niques and the proposal has been maturity, disease resistance and seed multiplication. Out of 40 ad• submitted to Provincial Seed Council good baking quality. It has yield po• vanced wheat lines evaluated in five (PSC) of Sindh for its final approval tential of more than 7 t/ha in the cot• advanced wheat yield trials at NIFA, and release for general cultivation in ton belt of Sindh. It has performed IDA-79082 gave highest grain yield Sindh. Sohni endowed with early well under the reduced irrigation con• followed by IBW-97269 and IBW- maturity, high yield and high GOT %, ditions. 97107. takes 130 to 140 days to mature. It requires less number of irrigation and NIA produced 32,113 kg pre-basic Cotton less plant protection measures as seed of Sarsabz, Kiran -95 and compared to existing commercial va• Soghat-90 varieties. Of this, 20,000 Pre-basic seed of NIAB-78 and of rieties. kg seed was supplied to Sindh Seed newly developed mutants i.e. NIAB- Corporation and 10,180 kg to private 98 and NIAB-99 was distributed 50 kg pre-basic seed of Chandi-95 seed corporations and progressive among the progressive growers and was supplied to Sindh Seed Corpo• growers in the province. Two high seed producing agencies. The pre- ration, 201 kg to Private Seed yielding candidate varieties were basic seed of NIAB-98 and NIAB-99 Agency and 114 kg to the progres• promoted in the National Trials. was also supplied for inclusion in sive farmers. Chandi-95, grown on NTCVT and DCR Trials. These mu• an area of 1.5 acre, was inspected Rain-fed wheat research at NIFA has tants were evaluated in zonal. DCR and certified by Federal Seed Certi• recently contributed another high and NCVT trials. The mutant NIAB- fication and Registration Department nd yielding drought tolerant variety 99 ranked 2 in yield in DCR Trials

20 f!, f Hyderabad. Chandi-95 is gaining 1200 kg certified and 100"kg pre-basic Mungbean~ popularity amongst the farming com- seed of CM 98 while 100 kg certified . f munity of Sindh and has covered an and pre-basic seed of CM 2000 was ~n advanced line ~M9800 out! area of 1~,OOO acres in Sindh. produced. Yielded NIAB Mung 92 In the Mung- r bean National Uniform Yield Trials ~ A new candidate variety AEC- About .two tonnes of certified seed of laid o.ut at diff~rent locations. Abo~t t". 76/3/89 yielded significantly higher chickpea varieties NIFA-88, NIFA-95 240 kg pre-basIc and 4000 kg basIc .and ranked' first in Sindh and Ba- and 0.5 ton pre-basic seed of newly seed each of NIAB Mung 92 and .lochistan when tested in National 1 evolved Kabuli type chickpea variety NIAB Mung 98 was produced at NIAB :. Zonal Varietal Trials. Hassan-2k have been produced at Seed Farm Kundian and distributed C;c .further Kundian multiplication.Seed Farm andMoreover, NIFA for to the growers. Rice promising chickpea advanced mutant 418 kg c.ertified pure seed ?f ~ung- lines of desi and Kabuli types were bean vanety AEM-96 was distributed The mutant variety "S~rshar", evaluated in eight different yield trials am?ng progressive. gro~er~ dur~ng evolved through mutagenesIs from at NIFA. Among the desi chickpea spring 2001. A high Yielding line IR-8, was approved in February 2001 lines CMN- 727 CMN- 728-5 CMN- L1 P5/5/89 has been promoted to Na- for general cultivation in Sindh prov- 730-2 CMN-96~59 and CMN~96-117 tional Yield Trials. The mutant AEM- ince. This variety is not only high have' produced significantly higher 31/37 produced the highest grain yielding but also characterized as yield (2461-3024 kg/ha) as com- yield (3442 kg/ha) followed by AEM fine-grained. with resistance to insect pared to standard variety NIFA-95. In 40/30 (3010 kg/ha) in zonal trial. pest and diseases, About 3353 kg case of Kabuli type chickpea the pre-basic seed of mutant varieties lines CMNK-316-54, CMNK-429-1 Lentil Shadab, Shua-92, 95 and Sarshar CMNK-440-9 and CMNK-452-2 have . was supplied to progressive farmers shown significantly higher yield than NIAB Lentil 200~ produced 9~7 kg/ha of Sindh and Balochistan and Sindh the check variety Noor-91. average seed YIeld, 55% ~Igher. as Seed Corporation for further multipli- compared to standard check In Multlna- cation and post-release verification Oil seed Brassica tional Lentil Uniform Yield Trials. trials. About one ton pure Breeder Nucleus Of all the entries in Zonal Varietal Ab~ut 30 kg BNS and 700 kg pr~- Seed (BNS) of NIAB Lentil was pro- Trials at nine different locations in basIc see~ of rapeseed mutant varl- duced during 2000-2001. A proposal Sindh and Balochistan, the mutant ety Abasln-95 , was developed. at for approval of NIAB Lentil 2000 has strain IR 6-15-1/93 (nonaromatic) NI~A a~d Ku~dlan Fa~~s. A multllo- been submitted to Punjab Seed Cor- and Basmati -15-2/93 (aromatic) se- cation Yle.ld tnal comprising of 15 ca- poration, Lahore. cured first positions in paddy yield nola quality r~peseed (B.napus) and among their respective groups, m,ustard (B. Juncea) .mutants ~Iong The mutant strain AEL 9/92 of NIA with a standard variety Abasln-95 produced the maximum seed yield Single plant progenies of Niab-lrri-9 was plant~d for the s~cond year at 5 (1431 kg/ha) followed by mutant and Kashmir Basmati were grown and 10ca~lons In the province. The data strain AEL 12/92 (1431 kg/ha). In 254 and 52 kg pre-basIc seed of the received revealed that mutants MM- Bio-fertilizer efficiency trial, Masoof- two was produced and distributed to 129.3-1 ,MM-12~6 a~d MM.-1285 8~ sho~ed the high~st respon.se to the Govt,/Private seed corporations again produced the highest Ylel.d of bio-fertllizer producing maximum and Agriculture Department of Azad 176!, 1696, 1668 kg/ha !espectlV~ly seed yield (1653 kg/ha). J d K h . A h. h ' Id.against the standard vanety Abasln- ammu an as mlr. Ig Yle Ing ... and semi-dwarf mutant 2001 was 95. Similarly. 14 canola quality rape- The mutant strain AEL 49/20 wa~ contributed in the National Uniform seed recomblnan~s and mustard ~u- promoted to National Uniform Lentil Y. Id T . I f I t. f ' t ' Id tants were tested In an advanced Yield Yield Trial Ie na s or eva ua Ion 0 I S Yle -,. (NUL YT 2000-2001 ). , t t. I d. t ' d tnal and the two recombinants of rape- Ing po en la , Isease reac Ion an ... I.t t .t seed proved supenor by yielding 1517 Sugarcane qua I y ral s. & 1500 kg/ha as compared to the

Ch. k check variety Abasin-95. Performance of sugarcane variety IC pea NIA-98 was very encouraging at

Three mutant strains of mustard farmers fields. The pre-basic seed of Two promising chickpea lines of NIAB (Brassica juncea), three strains of this variety was multiplied at experi- viz, P40/89 and CM 738/93 were. zaid kharif mustard, two mutant mental farm, NIA, Tandojam and tested in the Chickpea National Uni- strains of toria (B.campestris) and supplied to progressive farmers in form Yield Trials (CNUYT). Data on three canola varieties-Hyola-42, the province of Sindh. various morphological characteristics, Dunkled and Abasin-95, developed disease incidence and grain yield by NIA, were selected to be evalu- Of three sugarcane clones in zonal were recorded. Both the mutants ated in zonal trials. The mutant Pro trials, the clone AE86-347 was se- showed disease resistant and were 14-2-MS-1 produced the highest lected for evaluation in National Uni- higher yielding than the check variety. grain yield (2152 kg/ha). form Sugarcane Yield Trial (NUSYT) 21 while three clones AEC71-2011. AEC86-64S and CP72-2086 were selected from advanced trials to as• sess their yield potential under differ• ent agro-climatic conditions. The breeding material generated through seed fuzz, induced mutation and tis• sue culture were at different stages of evaluation and selection

ENTOMOLOGY

At NIA, the use of nuclear techniques for efficient and economical produc• tion of egg parasitoid, T. chilonis to manage the sugarcane borers showed that irradiation of host eggs significantly increased the parasitic potential of the parasitoids and it also Typical damage to chickpea pods by H.armigera decreased the age effect for parasiti- mango trees, captured maximum field and parasitization rate in• zation. It was observed that radiation number of fruit fly, Bactrocera creased significantly when the favour• dose of 25 Gy to the host eggs is the zonata, followed by the traps placed able temperature conditions prevailed. most suitable dose to induce F, ste• in the canopy and outer margin of rility in the angoumois grain moth. the tree. It was concluded that for It was concluded that for effective con• A new laboratory for the rearing of effective management of fruit flies trol of cotton bollworms. reliance on bio• parasitoids, Trichogramma chilonis at through male annihilation technique, logical control alone is risky and it should Fauji Sugar Mills, Khoski. district the traps should be installed in an be used in conjunction with other tac• Badin was established. Two techni• orchard in the wind direction, as the tics particularly during the hot cians were trained in parasitoid rear• fruit flies, fly against the wind direc• months. ing at the bio-control laboratory of tion. NIA, Tandojam. Host and parasitoid Studies conducted to evaluate the cultures were provided with neces• Development of female attracting efficacy and cost economics of dif• sary guidance at regular intervals system of Bactrocera zonata will be ferent eco-friendly techniques for and rearing of the parastoids has a major breakthrough for the man• the control of cotton bollworms indi• been successfully established at the agement programme of fruit flies. Mills laboratory. cated that integration of phero- Thirty two different combinations of mones, PB/SB-ROPE and egg para• diammonium phosphate, protein hy- sitoids, Trichogramma chilonis and With the establishment of this labora• drolyzate, casein and acetic acid Trichogrammatoidea bactrae, proved tory at Badin, the biocontrol pro• were tried to attract the females of effective to manage the bollworms. gramme has been expanded in three this species. Preliminary results indi• The infestation of cotton bollworms districts of Sindh. Construction of an• cated that a mixture of diammonium was significantly low in combined other laboratory at Matiari Sugar phosphate and protein hydrolyzate treatment of pheromones and para• Mills, district Hyderabad is also in attracted the maximum number of sitoids as compared to the individual progress. females as compared to other treatments. chemicals tested. An area of more than 150,000 acres The adaptive ness of laboratory Studies indicated that Red RBGL of sugarcane was treated with para• reared parasitoids to varying tem• and Red okra lines of cotton were sitoids in Nawabshah and Noshehro- perature was studied in the cottcn moderately resistant to the attack of feroze districts with the coordination jassids and thrips. Whereas, Red field. Results indicated that the para- of Al-Noor Sugar Mills, Moro and okra and AEH-8 were observed less sitization rate of Trichogramma chilo• Habib Sugar Mills, Nawabshah. The susceptible to the attack of pink and nis and Trichogrammatoidea bactrae infestation of sugarcane borers on spotted bollworms. was low in hot months. It gradual'y inter-node basis ranged from 0.00 to increased during August and Sep• 9.67 percent. Whereas, the mean The population dynamics of yellow tember and reached its peak in the infestation of the borers in untreated and pink stem borers indicated sig• month of November. Thereafter, area was 21.16 percent with a range nificant and positive correlation with parasitization in the field started de• of 12.39 to 31.03 percent. the infestation in rice crop. The clining with the decrease in the tem• population of yellow stem borer was perature during the month of Decem• Male annihilation technique plays an significantly higher than pink stem ber. Studies indicated that tempera• important role in the successful borer with a peak in the third week ture had significant effect on the es• management of fruit flies. Traps of September. Whereas, the peak tablishment of parasites in cotton placed near the trunk of guava and population of pink stem was re-

22 corded in the last week of August. quent oviposition preference by DAP, DCP and FPM and integrated Studies revealed that one month i. Trichogramma was evaluated. The method was 109, 109, 83, up to e., from the last week of August to results revealed that a dose of 20 106% respectively. the third week of September is very krad resulted in 62.4% more prefer• critical for the management of rice ence for 10 day old eggs than the Micro-nutrient studies on rice showed stem borers. Screening of canola control. Comparison of parasitism that more Zn was required by Bas- varieties indicated that Dunkled and efficiency of Trichogramma under mati-385 than Basmati 370 and ap• Hyola-42 harbored significantly less continuous light and dark conditions plication of six kg Zn/ha resulted in aphid attack and more yield as com• showed that dark stimulus proved maximum yield whereas Basmati-Pak pared to the other varieties/lines less effective than light. required slightly more B than Basmati tested. Hence, these two varieties 385, which is managed from the same are recommended as insect resis• Milk exudate of K (Calotropis pro- dose due to its better efficiency. In tant varieties which can be used as cera) was used fresh as well as after case of wheat, Inqtab and Pasban a component of Integrated Pest preservation against Heterotermes required similar amount of Zn and Management Programme for suc• indicola. The result showed that pure Cu. cessful Canota cultivation. form of exudate was fast-acting toxi• cant, whereas its dilutions had char• Studies remained in progress at NIA In field screening trials on pod borer, acteristics similar to that of any prom• to assess the suitability of fertigation M2 populations of chickpea varieties ising slow-acting toxicant. It may be technique for enhancing the utilization i.e. NIFA-95, Hassan-2K, Pb-91 and a cheaper, effective and non- efficiency of fertilizer phosphorus Noor-91 were raised during rabi sea• hazardous slow-acting toxicant. when compared with standard broad• son 2000-2001 without applying any cast application method. The findings insecticide. Pod borer infestation Laboratory experiments were carried revealed that the yield response of data including eggs, larval population out to examine 5 species of fungi for wheat to 100 kg of applied P varied and percent pod damage were re• their suitability for biological control considerably depending upon the corded at ten randomly selected of Heterotermes indicoia. Groups of mode of fertilizer application. plants during flowering and pod for• termites were allowed to crawi for 5 mation stages. minutes over fungi cultures and Compared to control, P applied by then transferred to petri dishes hav• broadcast + soil mixing at sowing pro• The advanced lines of the chickpea ing moist blotting paper as their duced 44.3% additional harvests varieties K-850 and NEC-138-2 were choice food. Greater mortalities were against 34% higher grain yield re• also screened for pod borer under obtained in all the fungi than that of corded from broadcast P at sowing. field conditions. The data on pest control. However, Aspergillus sp. ex• Significantly highest grain yield to the density, pod damage response and hibited the best control of the termite. tune of 1242 kg/ha recorded with a some agronomic traits were recorded single dose of fertigation P was on 10 randomly selected plants. The SOIL SCIENCE higher than corresponding broadcast lines showing resistance will be P application. Split applications of fer• evaluated again next year for the tigation or broadcast P were not effec• For enhancing N-fertilizer use effi• same traits. For improving the effi• tive on account of their low yield re• ciency in rice ecosystem, urea and ciency of pheramone baited field sponse. ammonium sulphate alone and in dif• traps for mass moth trapping, a field ferent ratios were tested in a pot ex• experiment was laid out. Traps were periment at NIAB. It was observed Field studies were continued to as• installed at four heights above that rhaximum grain yield of Basmati- sess the performance of muriate of ground level. Observations recorded 370 was obtained by using a mixture potash versus sulphate of potash in showed that a highest total catch of of the above fertilizers in the ratio of wheat-cotton-wheat cropping system 1051 moths was recorded at 1.6 m 1:1: 5 respectively. on long-term basis. The data showed height. that seed cotton and wheat yields Fertigation gave 32% higher dry mat• were significantly affected by N and P Out of eight concentrations of miti- ter yield of maize and also led to applications. cides tested, Nissoron @ 1g/L of wa• 19% higher Phosphorus uptake by ter was found safe to control mites in plants than broadcast, at equivalent Cumulative application of MOP since Sitotroga culture. Experiments on doses of Phosphorus application. In• 1993 to date caused significant eleva• preconditioning of Sitotroga rearing tegrated plant nutrient management tion in chloride dynamics within one- medium indicated that pre-soaking of (IPNM) approach was followed to im• meter soil profile. Mean profile distri• wheat grains for three hours signifi• prove Phosphorus use efficiency and bution levels for chloride were 5.1 cantly increased the culture effi• yield of wheat by applying 40 mg PI meq/l with MOP and 2.27 meg/I in the ciency of Sitotroga. A computer soft kg as single superphospate (SSP), control treatment. Moreover, despite ware Trackmove' was developed for dianunoniuin phosphate (DAP), di- continuous leaching profile distribution monitoring insect behavior. calcium phosphate {DCP} and filter of water soluble chlorides were ele• press mud (FPM), either alone or in vated by 4096 with the cumulative ap• The effect of gamma radiation on combination. Considering SSP as plication of muriate of potash. Soil ex• storage of Sitotroga eggs and subse• 100, the relative grain yield from changeable K was also affected stg- 23 nificantly with the cumulative applica• tion of muriate or sulphate of potash.

Studies also remained in progress with phosphobacteria for economiz• ing P usage by solubilizing native soil phosphorus. Compared to control, 34.6% additional harvests in wheat were recorded with phosphobacteria against 28.4° recorded with 50 kg/ha of applied phosphorus.

Three field experiments were con• ducted under IAEA Research Con• tract "Improving crop productivity in rain-fed areas" at NIFA as well as at the farmer fields. The result revealed Salt tolerance soil studies carried out at Pacca Anna that the tillage, in general, improved Initial stages the yield of wheat and chickpea.

grain yield of chickpea as compared same field for 3-4 years induced suc• In a long term experiment on nitro• to ether treatments cessful natural nodulation in lentil gen management for wheat, it was crop.This practice can be exploited observed that in soybean - wheat as a good agronomic practice in lentil cropping system the grain and bio• Experiment on integrated nutnent cultivation. logical yield of subsequent wheat management of wheat showed that crop was relatively better as com• application of mineral nitrogen at the pared to maize-wheat system. rate of 120 kg/ha as urea and or• PLANT PATHOLOGY ganic fertilizer at the same rate as Sesbania aculeata (3.0 % N) and At NIAB, chickpea plants treated with The results of the chickpea and Azotobactehzation alone and in vari• different concentration of salicylic acid wheat intercropping experiments ous combinations significantly im• and Bion showed reduction in blight conducted at the NWFP, Agricultural proved the yield, yield components incidence. Highest concentration of University research farm revealed and N uptake by wheat. Bion provided 80% protection while the that three rows of chickpea inter• lowest only 27% and in case of salicylic cropped with one row of wheat gave In a pot culture experiment ,14 chick• acid protection was 60% at higher and maximum economic benefit as com• pea genotypes were evaluated for 43% at lower concentration. pared to the other treatments. natural nodulation and BNF capabil• ity. The study revealed that maxi• Forty entries of rice germplasm were

Experiments carried out on the nutri• mum nodulation and Nr fixation was screened under field condition against tional requirements of chickpea vari• observed in genotype CMN-96-29 blast, bakanae and bacterial leaf ety (Hassan-2K) and wheat showed followed by CMN-427-8 and mini• blight (BLB) Against blast. 6 entries that phosphorus @ 60 kg/ha com• mum in CMN-532-8. Repeated culti• were resistant and 15 were moder• bined with 10 kg/ha gave maximum vation and inoculation of lentil on the ately resistant, against bakanae 2 were highly resistant and 4 were re• sistant and against BLB no line was resistant.

Stability and effectiveness of rust re• sistant sources previously selected from rain-fed material planted at NIFA were evaluated in five repli• cated performance trials.

Three entries i.e. BWL-9940, BWL- 2001-6 and BWL-2001-27 were rated as rust immune. Rust data of candi• date wheat varieties in three National Uniform Wheat Yield Trials were re• corded revealed that 13 genotypes were found immune while 14 were Full growth at the same location registered resistant to yellow rust. 24 835 lines received from international nurseries were tested for selecting new sources of rust resistance under artificial epidemic conditions. Almost all the entries were found resistant while 52 % of the genotypes exhib• ited distinctive leaf tip necrosis.

ANIMAL HEALTH & REPRODUCTION

Feeding of UMMB blocks to buffalo yielded 3425 litres of milk per lactation with an increase of 350 litres over control. Met monetary gain was Rs. 3000/lactation. Milk progesterone The Bio control lab at NIA, Tandojam level indicated that UMMB fed ani• mals started ovarian activity after 12 - screened for salt tolerance in the The ascorbic acid content 30 weeks of parturition and in control •"\z d and under nydroponic cona• decreased from 41.66 to 34.3 mg per after 21-33 weeks. This indicates tions. 100 ml. that in addition to milk yield NIAB feed FOOD SCIENCES Mango kernels were studied for blocks also improved heat induction in physio-chemical and microbiological animals. Effect of irradiation (1-5 kGy) on characteristics. Mango kernel has poultry, meat and fish was studied 2.8% ash, 10 mg;100g ascorbic acid, using the 'Comet Assay" Technique. 1.5 mg/g phytic acid, 5.3% protein, NIAB-HS- vaccine is oil adjuvant and Higher radiation dose resulted in in• 7.18% FFA, 11..98 Meq/kg peroxide provides protection for more than one creased number of cells with large value and 35.7 gm/100gm iodine year where as conventionally avail• •NA migration. Most of the free fatty value (IV). able vaccine provides immunity only acids (FFA) in beef, poultry and fish for 12-14 weeks. About 1800 vials were not affected by irradiation treat• are being prepared and sold and it is Effect of several concentrations of ment (1-5 kGy). However, increased doing business of Rs. 2 million per sorbic acid and sodium benzoate on amounts of myristic, palmitic, stearic year. preservation of mayonnaise was and oleic acids were found in irradi• studied at room temperature for 90 ated beef. days. Addition of 1% sorbic acid re• To study the reproductive efficacy of sulted in the lowest total bacterial female dwarf goat, progesterone hor• Studies on label dosimeters for de• count per gram (TBC/g) of sample mone profile was used to monitor tection of high dose irradiation after 90 days in storage at ambient various phases of reproduction. Most showed that the response of 10 mm conditions. This study concluded that of the animals conceived within 25 - thick (PMMA) label dosimeter was total bacterial count of control sam• 65 days of postpartum period. Higher out of range for all the treatments. ples was beyond the acceptable limit levels of progesterone were main• while that of preservative-treated tained during gestation period with Effect of irradiation and autoclaving samples was still in acceptable limits wide variations. A decline was found time was studied on canola meal after 90 days in storage. in all the animals at 6 -10 days of pre during storage for six months. Radia• partum period. The length of gestation tion of meal resulted in progressive Preliminary experiments on tempera• was found 145 ± 3 days with a kidding increase in protein solubility and ture profile in the cabinet solar drier interval of 163 - 280 days. All the ani• available carbohydrates. Protein indicated a 10°C temperature differ• mals conceived at first or second es- solubility of un-irradiated meal was ence between the rear black wall trous cycle, showing the high prolifi• 20.3% which increased to 30.3% and front wall, due to effective heat cacy of this breed. with irradiation (10 kGy) showing absorption and emission of the black 49.3% rise. color. It was also found that covering the green mesh of sample trays with PLANT PHYSIOLOGY Tree ripening studies on sour black muslin cloth raised the tempera• oranges showed that weight and ture inside the drier by 10-15°C. At NIA, use of naphthalene acetic juice content per fruit increased from acid (NAA) showed enhancement up 88.33 to 213.17 gm and 12.5 to 80 Solar dehydration of apricots treated to 150% in chilli pods and tomato ml, respectively. Total soluble solids with 3% potassium m eta bisulphite fruits while cobalt, silver, salicylic increased from 9 to 12% while solution and dipped in 15, 30, 40 and acid (SA) and NAA almost doubled Narangine content decreased from 60% sugar solutions for various time the yield of all the three varieties of 4.41% to 3.96% during the six- intervals revealed a very clear color mangoes, A large number of wheat months on tree ripening period. difference between the sulphtted and and rice genotypes have been 25 unsulphited dry apricots. There were no differences in the pH and ascorbic content of the differently treated dried samples.

FOOD TECHNOLOGY

Studies were carried out for evaluating the effect of incorporation of citms peel along with sacs as minor feed ingredient on growth performance of broiler chicks. Feed composition, weight gain, mortality and feed efficiency ratio of the test groups were studied and compared with standard groups. Maximum feed consumption was obsen/ed for the group fed on 5% peel feed. Enhancing of shelf life of dry fruits through irradiation at The same group had the highest NIFA weight (1005 81g) per chick followed Results revealed that RPO samples roots of luffa. leaves of luffa, stem of by the standard group (993.5g) and showed greater stability in all the okra and leaves of okra respectively the 10% peel group (886 44g) per tested conditions except the colour. chick. Vitamin A & b-carotene losses were BIOTECHNOLOGY also minimum in RPO. Protein efficiency ratio (PER) & increased with increase in peel Same set of samples were exposed GENETIC concentration from 2.63 for 5% to to fluorescent light and under open ENGINEERING 2.79 for 10% peel .The standard feed sunlight for 12 weeks. Results resulted in 2.50 PER. Mortality rate showed that exposure of oils to artifi• Research work pertaining to agricul• was not affected by feed cial light and sunlight showed maxi• ture, industry, health and environ• composition. Moreover, serum mum increase in POV. FFA & colour ment is being undertaken by six main cholesterol significantly decreased as compared to oils kept at ambient divisions of NIBGE, namely, Health with increase in peel ratio in the feed. and low temperature. However. RPO Biotechnology, Industrial Biotechnol• It was concluded 1hat incorporation of showed maximum stability. ogy, Bio-fertilizers, Plant Biotechnol• 5% peel in poultry feed improved ogy. Bioprocess Technology and En• growth performance on one hand Irradiation of two medicinal herbs vironmental Biotechnology. and reduced the cost of poultry feed Fagonia arabic and Berberies lycium on the other. These results are very was carried out at different doses. AGRICULTURE important for poultry industry as it can The titratable acidity (TTA) and elec• significantly reduce product cost of trical conductivity (EC) of dry powder Plant Molecular Virology broiler chicks. of these plants increased with in• crease in radiation dose. Plant Molecular virology group suc• The effect of red pepper oil was com• cessfully completed characterization pared with BHT, a synthetic anti• Results of roots, shoots and leaves of of cotton leaf curl virus project. oxidant. Results revealed that POV of these two plants showed maximum control samples under ambient condi• amount of Fe, Mn and Ca in leaves A novel DNA satellite called DNA tions increased from 4.8 to 29.6 meq. plus seeds, while Zn and Na in Beta was found to be associated with kg"1 and FFA from 0.2 to 0 8% BHT & roots, and Cu in shoots were re• the disease and was essentially re• red pepper oil treated samples corded. quired for the development of dis• showed an average increase in POV ease symptoms. Full-length infec• from 4.8 to 22.5 and 22.8 meq/kg'1, Heavy metals in different parts of tious clones of distinct begomovi• respectively. Overall results indicated vegetables, as affected by sewerage ruses associated with the disease that BHT and red-pepper-oil had water, were studied. Leaves, fruits, were obtained and inoculations of similar effect in checking rancidity. stem and roots of okra, tomato and any of distinct begomovirus associ• luffa were analysed. ated with the disease and DNA beta Samples of Red Palm Oil (RPO), develop disease symptoms. Sunflower Oil (SFO) and Vegetable Cadmium was found in leaves of okra Ghee (VG) with/without antioxidant (0 02 ppm) and stem of tomato (0.02 Characterization of various genes en• (BHA) were kept at ambient condi• ppm) while lead contents were below coded by begomoviruses and DNA tions and cold dark conditions for a detection levels. Chromium levels beta are under investigation. It was period of 12 weeks. were 0.14, 0.21. 0.04 and 0.5 ppm in found that DNA beta encodes a viru- 26 lence factor that suppresses host de• year. These cuttivars will confer resis• RAPD and SSR markers have been fense responses. tant against majority of bollworms. found for CLCD resistance, nectariless and hairiness with OPN-12, OPB-12 To assess the diversity and relation• Plastid Molecular Biology and OPC-08, respectively. Similarly, ship of DNA beta associated with the RAPD analysis is in operation to whitefly-transmitted geminiviruses, The purpose of the present research detect DNA polymorphisms for quality full-length DNA beta were amplified is to establish a reproducible plastid traits and earliness in cotton. by PCR using universal primers of transformation in rice particularly in DNA beta from plants showing either Basmati rice. The plastid transforma• Rice Biotechnology leaf curl or yellow vein symptoms. tion for rice has already been started The plants were collected from vari• with particle bombardment utilizing During this period, major focus had ous geographical locations of Paki• available expression cassettes. Se• been on the development of bacteria! stan. The test hosts were zinnia, chil- lection and regeneration of putative blight resistance in basmati rice va• ies, tomato, tobacco, okra, ageratum, drug-resistant call! has been com• rieties. For this purpose, different sus• hibiscus, hollyhock and wild weeds. pleted. The plants have been con• ceptible varieties like B-385, Super In this study, 19 beta molecules have firmed for the transgene by PCR. basmati and B-370 were bombarded been compared. Sequence analysis with Xa21 gene. The bombarded ma• showed that these molecules could Another approach to establish plastid terial is at different stages of selection be divided into two main classes, the transformation system in rice is to and regeneration. cotton group and ageratum group. develop a marker system that could The cotton group includes cotton, be used to screen transgenic lines Bio-Fertilizers hibiscus and two distinct beta mole• without incorporating antibiotic resis• cules cloned from okra. The agera• tance gene (s) from species into A large number of rhizobium strains tum group includes beta molecules plastid genome of rice. Screening of have been isolated from soil and cloned from ageratum, zinnia, chilies streptomycin resistant lines have root nodules of various legume crops and tobacco. been completed. as well as fodder legumes. The isola• tion of PGPR strains has been car• Work have been started on cloning Genetic Diversity of Cotton ried out from rice, wheat, maize, cot• of begomoviruses causing diseases ton etc. All the isolates have been on tomato, tobacco, chilies, okra and A study was designed to assess the characterized for nitrogen fixing, wild weeds. Tomato leaf curl virus is genetic relatedness/diversity among phosphate solubilizing and phytohor- the most devastating constraint in the newly released resistant/tolerant mone producing ability. They have the production of tomato crop in cultivars. A total of 20 different been identified through physiological, Pakistan, Clones of TLCV are infec• tetraploid resistant/tolerant geno• biochemical and serological tests, tious when both DNA A and DNA B types were selected by employing light and electron microscopy, and are co-inoculated in tomato and to• different diagnostic methods such as DNA based techniques. bacco plants by biolistic method. field evaluation, whitefly-transmission studies, grafting, dot-blot hybridiza• Seventeen PGPR strains from Mon• CLCuV Resistant Cotton tion and multiplex PCR using con• golia, Indonesia, Pakistan and Ja• served primers sequences on 27 pan, were compared by RAPD with 25 random primers. Ribosomal RNA Constructs for genetically engineered genotypes, respectively. of symbiotic bacterial strains has were tested in tobacco, a model been amplified by using conserved plant. All of the six constructs ex• Random amplified polymorphic DNA primers for identification of isolates pressing sense and antisense RNA of (RAPD) analysis was applied to from mungbean, chickpea and soy• AC,, ACV AC3 genes under CaMV 35S evaluate genetic relatedness/ bean through 16S rRNA sequence promoter confer resistance to CLCuV (17 diversity among the resistant/tolerant elite cotton cultivars including the ex• analysis. out of 125 lines) at T-,, T2 and T3 genera• tions. A total of 80 putative transgenic otic genmplasm with 50 random de- plants have been produced having trun• camer primers. The genetic similarity Isolation of phosphate solubilizing cated replicase gene under CaMV 35S of the exotic germplasm with the elite bacteria (PSB) was carried out from promoter. cuttivars was in the range of 81.45% soil, rhizosphere, root and nodule of to 90.59%. different plants. Eight phosphate solubilizing bacterial strains were In cotton {Coker 312), 3 out of 12 fer• tile lines showed persistent resis• Similarly, the genetic relatedness isolated. The phosphate solubilizing among the elite cultivars was in the activity of different strains, ranged tance to CLCuV infection even at T3 generation. An elite line (NIBGE-1) of range of 81.58% to 94.90%. It has between 20-100 ppm. cotton resistant to CLCD has been put been clearly shown that none of the into the national yield trials, insect re• cultivars except variety VH-137 pos• Indole acetic acid (1AA) has been de• sistant gene has been incorporated sesses diverse genetic background. tected in cell-free culture media after into different elite cotton cuttivars and The genotypes were mostly clus• in vitro growth of both symbiotic and seed of insect resistant varieties will be tered according to their centre of re• associative bacterial isolates from available to farmer at the fall of this lease. various legume crops & sugarcane. 27 Some bacterial strains produced ap• N-4, were processed for ultrastruc- Cellutases, and glucoamylase were preciable amount of IAA in the cul• tureand immunogold labelling. produced after cultivation of Archio- ture medium. natus sp. in Vogel's wheat bran me• Arrtisera raised in rabbits against dium. The enzymes were purified to Four PGPR strains, isolated from Pseudomonas strain K-1 and homogeneity level and characterized cotton, were inoculated to two cotton Azospinlium strain N-4 and Er-20, for enzyme properties. Fivefold acti• varieties that improved root prolif• were processed for preparing IgOs. vation of modified CMCases was ob• eration and increased nitrogen con• The IgGs produced were used to served at 85 °C. tents, root length and area, plant identify these strains both in vitro as height and total plant biomass. In• well as in association with or within Coupling of aniline elevated tem• oculation with IAA producing bacte• the roots cells of cereal crops. perature optimum from 55 to 100 aC rial isolates have shown to increase and increased pH optimum range root area of rice, wheat, cotton and During 2000-2001, legume Bio- from 3.5-6.5 to' 1.0-9.5. Alpha- maize grown under controlled condi• Power for 500 acres, rice Bio-Power amylase produced from various Ba• tions. The IAA producing rhizobial for 10,500 acres and wheat Bio- cillus strains was also purified to ho• strains have improved nodulation Power for 6000 acres has been pro• mogeneity level and characterized. and nitrogen fixation in the legumes. vided to the farmers. The enzyme was comparable, with Phosphate solubilizing bacteria en• In legumes, 60-80% increase in crop respect to liquefaction, with commer• hanced phosphate availability and yield and 70-90% saving of nitrogen cial enzyme preparation from NOVO uptake. Bio-Power inoculation with has been achieved. Similarly, 15- Chemicaf Co., Switzerland, half dose of recommended fertiliser 20% increase in crop yield and 30- increased grain yield of wheat variety 70% saving of N fertilizer has been Cellulases and xylanases decreased lnqlab as compared to non- achieved in wheat and rice. the unwanted fibre in poultry feed inoculated. and improved protein content (20%) A tissue culture laboratory was es• and weight (15%) of the experimen• Chemical mutagenesis for generating tablished at Jrrang by technical as• tal birds. These enzymes also Rhizobium mutants was carried out by sistance of NIBGE under public- smoothened the textile cloth before ethidium bromid, acridine orange and private joint ventures. dying process. SDS for plasmid curing. Three mutants have been identified which have INDUSTRY Glucoamyfases and Carboxymethyt shown qualitative and quantitative dif• cellulases from Arachniotus citrinus ferences in exo-polysaccharide pro• Monomeric sugars from com cobs have been purified to homogeneity duction. (5-20%, w/v) were obtained by hy• on Pharmacia Fast Protein Liquid drolysis with ceiluiases and xy- Chromatography (FPLC®) system. Light microscopy and plant infectivity lanases derived from Chaetomium These enzymes have been ex• assays showed that the mutant thermophile. Sacharomyces cere- tremely thermo stabilized and acti• strains were non-nodulating and non- visiae and Candida tropicalis were vated in aqueous environment by nitrogen fixing in character. used separately and as co-culture for carboxyf group modification using fermentation of above sugars. aniline as a nucleophile. A number of Rhizobium teguminosa- rum bv. viciae strains have been Simultaneous saccharification and It is proposed that by increasing aro• screened for bacteriocin production fermentation (SSF) of dry corn cobs matic-aromatic interactions on en• on TV medium by bioassays against was carried out for co-production of zyme surface, activity and merino sensitive strains. Strains Lc31, Lc12 ethanol and xylitol. Theoretical yields stability of enzymes can be in• and Lc21 inhibited the growth of of 82 , 71 and 63 % were observed creased. No direct correlation be• some rhizobiai strains and Agrobac- from 50 g/l dry com cobs for the tween the stability and function of terium strain Ca18. Bacteriodns pro• above cultures, respectively. Maxi• enzymes was observed. duced by these strains are medium mum theoretical yields of xylttol were type and have been isolated bio• 79, 77 and 58% from 50 g/l of com Among different xylitol producing chemically. cobs by Candida tropicalis, co- strains, Candida tropicalis was found culture, and the Saccharomyces cer- to be best organism for production of Transmission electron microscopy is evisiae, respectively. xylitol from pure xylose. A Bacillus being used for identification, charac• sp. was isolated from local habitat and characterized for protease pro• terization, percentage host cell occu• Saccharomyces cerevtsiae was used duction. Toxin production from Bacil• pancy by fhizobia and ultrastiuctural to isolate thenmotolerant variants lus thuringjensis was carried out after differences caused by various stress through ethyl methyl sulphonate growth on maltose, lactose, cello- conditions. (EMS) mutagenesis. The best van- biose, and soluble standi. The prod• ante were grown at 40 °C to see im• uct obtained after growth on maltose Eight strains of mizobium isolated provement in invertase secretion in and soluble starch gave 100% killing from various legume crops, two plant Saccharomyces cerevisiae. Wheat of chickpea pod borer. root associative bacteria, Pseudomo- gave 83±1,0 % theoretical yield of nas strain K-1 and AzospiriHvm strain ethanol. 28 Influence of various process pa• analysis, to evaluate genetic diver• tion. In contrast, only 3 (21.42%) of rameters such as pulp density, pH, sity. Cluster analysts by un-weighted drug sensitive strains showed similar

Eh, Dissolve Oxygen Tension (DOT), pair group method of arithmetic levels of bio-film production. and ferrous-ferric ratios on bacterial means (UPGMA) showed one main leaching of Lead/Zinc on Duddar ore cluster. The general range of similar• Strain discrimination of Salmonella was studied. Maximum bioleaching ity in these strains was from 29% to typhi has been done by PCR- of the ore was observed at pH 2.3 85%. Maximum similarity was ob• ribotyping. Out of 79 (oca) isolates, and Eh 575 mV. A linear relationship served in the strains of Acidithioba- 63 (79.7%) gave a pattern of five am• between rate of zinc leaching by pre• cillus thiooxidans. plification products of 2000, 1425, viously selected bacteria and pulp 1070, 900, and 720 bp, where as 16 density was found to exist. Pulp den• Analytical and consultancy services (20.3%) strains showed only two am• sity 15% was found to be optimum in were provided to other research and plification products of different sizes. case of ATCC-13661 strain and for educational instautes, universities, MT-TH1 10 % pulp density was se• etc. Professional scientific services A total of 230 p-thalassemia alleles lected. were also provided to various indus• consisting of 130 transfusion de• tries. Similarly, microbiological analy• pendent thalassemic children and An air-lift reactor with 50 L working ses of varied nature of water sam• 170 heterozygote/carriers from 115 volume, was fabricated. About 31% ples and quality assurance was also unrelated families, were analyzed reduction in total sulfur content of carried out. using Polymerase Chain Reaction coal was achieved in this bioreactor (PCR), Amplification Refractory Mu• employing a pure culture of a locally HEALTH tation System-PCR (ARMS-PCR) isolated Acidithiobaciltus ferrooxi- and Restriction Endonudease Analy• sis for detection of mutations. The dans strain. The reactor was run at For DNA finger-printing of M. blood samples were received from 10% solids concentration. However, tuberculosis, typing of mycobacterial different cities of Pakistan. a mixed consortium of locally iso• strains using the \S6110 element lated mesophilic and moderately was performed according to the thermophilic bacteria removed 75% standardized procedure as agreed Six ARMS specific primer sets for of pyritic sulfur from coal under the by an international group of micro• different 0-thalassemia mutations, simitar environmental conditions. biologists. Variation in DNA finger• one primer set for detection of a de• prints were observed in the M, letion mutation and two restriction Three bacterial isolates were en• tuberculosis isolates. enzymes for two hemoglobin vari• riched from two water samples col• ants were used to characterize 79.6% of the alleles. The study indi• lected from Khewra Salt mines. Vari• Reverse Transcriptase -Polymerase cated that FSC 8-9 and IVS-i-5 are ous parameters affecting growth of Chain Reaction (PCR) and hybridiza• the most common mutations causing these isolates is underway. tion with genotype-specific oligonu• P-thalassemia in Pakistan with gene Effect of different carbon & nitrogen cleotides to investigate the preva• frequency of 23.9% and 22.2% re• sources on the production of tylosin lence of HCV genotypes in chronic spectively, whereas CD 41-42, from Streptomyce fradiae has been liver disease patients was carried IVS-1-1 and 619 bp deletion mutation studied using vegetable oils in com• out. HCV-type 1 was found in 126 are the third, fourth and fifth common bination with glucose and starch as (37.5%) patients .followed by HCV- molecular genetic defects. carbon source. Preliminary results, type 3 and HCV type 2 in 56 and 06 indicated that cotton seed oil and flax patients respectively. Mixed infection oil gave higher yield of tyfosin antibi• of HCV genotypes was also ob• To observe the changes in the protein otic compared to other oils. served. finger prints in response to drug ther• apy, all the diabetes mellitus patients' 8 bacterial strains, isolated and par• Typhidot, a relatively new diagnostic sera along with controls were electro- tially characterized, were found to procedure to detect typhoid was phoresed on SDS-Poiyacryl-amide grow on KCN utilizing it as N but not compared with PCR methodology. gels. Changes in protein finger prints as C source. One of these isolates Results clearly show that PCR is su• were observed in the subjects treated was also capable of leaching up to perior to Typhidot as well. with insulin and oral hypoglycaemic 45% of Ag from pre-leached low agents in the range of 14 to 40 kDa grade Satndak ore. Genetic analysis An in vitro method used elsewhere and110to200 kDa. of these isolates was carried out for for Salmonella enteritides was opti• Diagnostic services for PCR-based G+C mole% ratio which was found to mized to produce bio-film in Salmo• detection of Mycobacterium tubercu• be in the range of 58-63%. nella typhi. Thirty local isolates were losis, Hepatitis C virus & bcr-abl graded for bio-film production and translocation were provided. Three strains of Acidithiobacillus comparison was made with drug re• thiooxidans, five strains of Acidi• sistance profile. The detection of' Chromosomal Ab• thiobacillus ferrooxidans and one normalities by Karyotyping was also of Sutfobacillus thermos uifidooxi- Out of 16 multiple drug resistant carried out. There is plan to establish dans were subjected to Randomly strains (MDR), 12 (75%) showed a PCR based test for Muscular Dys• Amplified Polymorphic DMA (RAPD) maximum levels of bio-film produc• trophies and Fragile -X syndrome. 29 ENVIRONMENT

Biosorbents prepared from different sources were tested for their biosorb- ing capacities for congo red & Rho- damine-B. Adsorption capacity of dried biomass of Azolla pinnata and mustard seed cake for Rhoda- mine-B and congo red was found to be 48 and 15 mg/g for rhodamine-B and 20 and 10 mg/g for congo red respectively. Effect of pH time, ad• sorbent dosage and initial chromium concentration was evaluated and col• umn study was performed at opti• mum conditions. Removal of these dyes was successful in the columns packed with dried biomass with no significant loss in adsorption capac• Cobalt Teletherapy Unit at LINAR, Larkana ity. All the loaded adsorbents were Oil biodegradation in soil was studied point in INMOL, Lahore for the col• successfully desorbed and regener• by using 4 locally isolated bacterial lection of various samples for medi• ated with 0.5N NaOH and 0.5N strains individually and in mixture. cal purposes. H^SO^ respectively. Three of these were isolated from oil contaminated soil from Kot Addu NUCLEAR MEDICAL Enriched culture obtained through Power Plant and EBN-8 was a mu• chromium tolerance studies and from tant of previously isolated bacterial SCIENCES sludge have been employed for re• strain. duction in COD, using mixed effluent from Lyallpur Tannery, Faisalabad. Soil microcosms were established to The medical use of radiation and ra• During incubation, different level of study the oil (30g/kg soil) in soil and dionuclides was among the first and reduction in COD have been to see the contribution of supplemen• most widespread applications of achieved by different sources used tation of nitrogen and phosphorus. In atomic energy. It is estimated that for inoculation of bacteria Mixed ef• case where soil was provided with over 90% of the radioisotopes being fluent showed maximum percent re• nitrogen and phosphorus, 75% of oil produced worldwide are consumed duction of 56.5, 59.3 and 32.97. Mixed was found degraded in 16 week time in the health sector Indeed, in devel• effluent from National Tannery when 25% of nitrogen and 83% of oped countries, it has been esti• Mureedke was also biologically phosphorus was found unavailable in mated that these applications now treated and almost 76 % reduction in soluble form. contribute, in some measure to the COD could be obtained within 144 diagnosis and treatment of one out of hours of incubation. every three hospitalized patients. Of Different meat samples of chicken, even greater importance and signifi• beef, mutton and fish were irradiated cance is their role in research help• In phenol containing industrial efflu• and dose related DNA damage was ing to clarify the very nature of ents, Na:SOc improved phenol re• detected by Comet Assay. A prelimi• health and diseases. moving efficiency as its concentra• nary study using comet assay tion increased from 0 - 30.000 ppm. showed that exposure of chicken red PAEC's initiative in the field of medi• MgS04 improved this efficiency up to blood cells to UV radiation induced its concentration of 6000 ppm, while comet with tail lengths more than 50 cine started from its very inception there was no significant effect of it on micrometer. and has received the full attention. phenol removal from 6000 - 30,000 The first nuclear medical centre was established at Karachi in 1960 and ppm. Na;S03 improved phenol re• COMMERCIAL ACTIVITIES moval efficiency up to 1600 ppm through a chain of nuclear medical while further increase in its concen• centres 12 more had been estab• Pakistan Innovative Biotechnology tration decreased this efficiency sig• lished, throughout Pakistan, which Service (PIBS) has initiated a project nificantly. Na S 0 was inhibiting are providing the latest and the state- 2 ; 3 on virus free seed potato production even at its lower concentrations 100 of- the-art facilities for the diagnosis through In-vitro technique.PIBS has ppm and there was no significant and treatment of various diseases made contract with KARINA, which is including cancer. phenol removal at its concentration the research institute of Pakistan Ag• of 1000 ppm. Similar was the case riculture Research Council, Islama• These centres have been estab• for CaCb Which severely affected. bad for the multiplication of Virus lished in all four provinces of the phenol removal efficiency by peroxi• Free Seed potato in Gilgit. This year country. This year, about 300,000 dase enzyme even at concentration PIBS has also established a pick up of 80 ppm. patients were provided the nuclear 3u medicine, radioimmunoassay facili• Some centres also provide facilities Research Projects ties and diagnostic services by well- of brain scanning Hepatobiliary im• PAEC centres are carrying out re• trained professionals at these cen• aging, lung scanning, spleen imag• search in the field of Nuclear Medi• tres. ing. These scans not only help in the cine, Radiotherapy and Radioimmu• diagnosis of various disease but also noassay. These research pro• Facilities Available in the preoperative assessment of grammes are being carried out both physiological status of an organ.In independently and in collaboration Since the inception of PAEC nuclear addition, these centres provide thera• with the International Atomic Energy medical program in 1960, with set• peutic nuclear medicine services as Agency (IAEA), Pakistan Medical ting up of the first nuclear centre, well. Patients suffering from hypethy- Research Council (PMRC), Other major developments in field of nu• roidisum, carcinomathyroid poly• Establishments of PAEC and Local clear medicine have been incorpo• cythemia, etc are also treated. rated into the mainstream working of Universities. these centres. The techniques and Radioimmunoassay (RIA) allows for equipment utilized for this purpose the measurement of wide range of Various research i technical projects range from the rectilinear scanners materials of clinical & biological im• were initiated and submitted to differ• to the most modern computerized portance. The technique has a sig• ent organization for collaboration and gamma cameras. Procedures have nificant impact on diagnosis due to assistance. been evolved from simple nuclear the ease with which the tests can be medicine processes using radio carried out, while assuring precision, At PINUM, PIP software provided by pharmaceuticals to complex static specificity and sensitivity. RIA pro• IAEA as a project is being success• and dynamic imaging of wide variety vides the physicians an opportunity fully used with Scintronx gamma in various malignant and non- for in-vitro study of almost all tu• camera PINUM is participating in the malignant diseases. mours and drugs in the blood. Al• National Cancer Registration Pro• most all the centres are involved in gramme by collecting the cancer pa• Radiation Oncology departments the carrying out assays for thyroidal, tient data from Faisalabad, compiling have been setup with state-of-art pituitary and steroid hormones and it and forwarding it to NORI. Other linear accelerators, cobalt-60 ma• neo-natal hormones in children. ongoing projects include " Determi• chines, simulators and computerized nation of euthyroid range in normal planning programme etcetera. A me• Recent Inauguration population of FaisalabadV Tc-99m dium dose Braucytherapy unit with a MIBI viability Studies: Myocardial remote after loading treatment sys• The Punjab Institute of Nuclear Medi• thickening in Gated SPECT VS im• tem is also available at most centres. cine (PINUM) ,Faisalabad was for• provement in perfusion in Post Nitro- The radiotherapy department is mally inaugurated on Oct 5:n ,2000 glycenne MIBI SPECr, Tc"(" MIBI backed up by x-ray machines. & digi• by Governor Punjab Lt-Gen (Retd) Hepatobiliary Scanning and its com• tal fluroscopy & ultrasonography unit. Muhammad Safdar It is the 12' parison with HIDA study", medical centre established by PAEC "Evaluation of the role of To-*** MDP Atomic Energy medical centres pro• in the country. PINUM has been es• SPECT vs. Planner imaging for lower vide nuclear medicine facilities on tablished at the cost of Rs. 285 mil• back ache"and " P32 Therapy for routine basis for both indoor and out• lion with Rs. 10 million operational palliative treatment of pain due to door patients. All facilities for Thyroid cost each year. It is located in a metastatic deposits in skeleton &. gland investigation i.e. thyroid imag• densely populated areas and would pattern of distribution of metastatic ing, 1-131 uptake studies, hormonal cater to the needs of more than 4 deposits in skeleton in cases of CA assays and ultrasound are available. million people Breast".

In addition, the project "Role Of "Tc MIBI Mammoscintigraphy in Differentiating Palpable Breast Malig• nant Lesions From Benign: Can this technique be used as alternative to mammography at centres where mammography is not available "?has been completed as well.

At MINAR. for the project "Use of Tc95" MIBI to assess hepatobiliary kinetics", few patients have been se• lected for the design of pilot study as new Nuclear Medicine Computer ICON AP has been installed and regular services started.

For the UICC approved project "Estimation of tumour marker in gen- Gamma Camera being used at Jamshoro Medical Centre 31 eral population. Factory workers and Cancer Patients" one PSO was trained and the studies on general population with FSH kit were under• way.

Five soft tissue sarcoma patients were treated with this new regimens and other 5 patients with old regi• mens (Cycl+ Vcr + Adria + Dac) for the "Trials of new chemotherapy regimens (Cisp + Adria + Bleo + Etop) for soft tissue sarcoma". These trials were compared for one year, the prognoses were found same. However, new regimen has been adopted for patient convenience. Milking of Tc-Generator in the hot lab of Atomic Energy IAEA TC Project " Nuclear Medicine Medical Centre, Lahore and Radiotherapy support" is in its At AEMC Karachi, for research pro• zoomed planar image with general 2nd year of execution. A meeting of ject "Standardization of Therapeutic purpose high resolution collimator project counterparts with IAEA coun• Dose of 1-131 in Patients with Hyper- and images with pin hole collimator. try officers was held at PAEC HQs. throidism", patients are given a cal• The pathologies around hip and knee to discuss the ongoing activities. culated dose of 1-131 which is meas• joint are to be imaged and com• ured by the formula considering the pared. MINAR received most of the re• weight of thyroid gland and its 1-131 quired equipment and one physicist uptake of 24 hours. The follow up of MIBI imaging for the staging and fol• got training for three months in the the patients will be done regularly to low-up of patients with Multiple Mye• field of medical physics at Leuven, look for the onset of hypothyroidism. loma has been used for the manage• Belgium "Immunization of sheep ment of various malignant diseases. with thyroxin to produce anti-T4"& The project "Regional Program for At AEMC, a project has been started Deep vein thrombosis" are the other the National Neonatal Screening for on this aspect. The initial results are two important projects for which ini• Congenital Hypothyroidism in East encouraging. However, a large num• tial work has been started with very Asia", was started two years back. ber of patients need to be evaluated encouraging results. This project is directed at assisting for any conclusive results. the regional development of newborn At AEMC Jamshoro, work remained screening programs in East Asia for The project "Study of the relationship satisfactorily in progress on the pro• countries whose GP is less the $ between gastro-esophageal reflux ject "Internal Quality Control In RIA 15000 annually. The main objectives recurrent lower respiratory tract in• "and 12806 samples have been as• of the project were to develop a new fection and bronchial asthma in in• sayed. bom screening project plan, to start a fants and children" was awarded to pilot study (hospital or community NORI in 2000. The main objective of Similarly. IAEA project on External based), to collect a meaningful data study was to identify any possible Quality Assurance Scheme (Eqas) in (including missed cases) for public, association between GER, recurrent RIA also remained in progress medical professionals and authori• lower respiratory tract infection and ties. bronchial asthma in children. 21 pa• The Project on Randomized clinical tients have so far studied under this Trial of Radiotherapy combined with "Infertility Diagnosis Project" was project. Mitomycin-C in the treatment of lo• started five years back for male and cally Advanced Head and Neck Tu• female patients having productive To assess the diagnostic accuracy of mors was activated in March 1996. A disorders including infertility, hypo• Tc-"m-MIBI planer and sped in dif• total of 88 patients have taken part in gonadism, gynecomastia, delayed ferentiating scarred tissue from re• this study 47 patients have been en• puberty, primary and secondary currence of cancer after breast sur• rolled in the Radiotherapy arm and amenorrhoea etc. Patients from dif• gery, a research project is in pro• 41 patients in the Radiotherapy + Mi• ferent hospitals were routinely ana• gress to asses the safety and toler• tomycins arm. The work has been lyzed for LH. FSH, Prolactin. Estro• ance of TC-^-MIBI scintigraphy. initiated 'PMRC Study on Preva• gen, Progresterone and Testoster• Thematic health programme, deter• lence of Cancer in Pakistan" and one. mination of cost related to telether• "WHO project for cancer registry". apy, Incidence of hypercalcemia in 1192 new patients were included in For the project "Use of pinhole imag• solid malignancies and role of gem- PMRC study and were also regis• ing in bone pathologies", a study has citabine as radiation sensitizer in lo• tered for WHO project. been designed which compared the cally advanced squamous cell carci- 32 noma of head and neck are other im• apy and Hormone therapy. Treatment ment and a Biological Microscope portant ongoing research projects at with Radiation therapy was started on were provided to Centre for Nuclear NORI. 16ih September, 1999 after installa• Medicine (CENUM), Lahore. A new tion of Cobalt-60 Teletherapy ma• Gamma Camera has also been in• IRNUM is participating in IAEA/WHO chine, Radiotherapy Simulator and 3- stalled at AEMC, Karachi. TLD inter-comparison for teletherapy Dimensional Computerized Treat• units. LiF capsules are exposed to ment Planning System.On 24th Sep• A radiotherapy treatment planning 2Gy at 5cm depth in water under ref• tember 2000, Nuclear Medicine de• simulator, a Gamma camera and a erence standard conditions and are partment started providing all types of local computer network system are sent to IAEA dosimetry laboratory for Radionuclide Scanning Studies. installed to complement the activity of evaluation. Results are with in +2%. IRNUM. Nuclear cardiology has been At PINUM, a computerized Thyroid started as a regular service in Nu• For the project "Assessment of Iodine Uptake System has been installed. clear medicine department at IRNUM deficiency in Kalam valley", a total of Diagnostic Radiology X-ray unit has as well. 3060 school going children were ex• turned fully functional and routine ra• amined and total Goitre rate of 14% diological tests are being performed. Radiation Protection was found. 2500 school going chil• dren were studied by IRNUM for The latest new E-CAM gamma cam• Radiation protection aspects were "Assessment of Iodine deficiency in era has been installed and is fully covered with due care and impor• Chitral and Gilgit valley" in collabora• functional. Chemistry Analyzer & He• tance at all medical facilities. Per• tion with Agha Khan Heatth Services matology Analyzer has been installed sonal monitoring of radiation workers Chitral. and clinical lab is now fully functional. was carried out with TLD cards. Area Almost all sort of clinical lab tests are monitoring is continuously being per• "Role of Tc-99"1 MIBI, 1-131 whole being performed in routine. The task formed using available survey me• body scan and thyroglobulin assay in of establishing Nuclear Cardiology ters. Solid and liquid radioactive the follow up patients with well differ• department within PINUM has also wastes were disposed off according entiated thyroid carcinoma" and been completed along with MIBG to laid down procedures. "Extra cardiac application of Tc-"m scanning for adrenal gland and 32P MIBI in the imaging of Ca.Breast and therapy for palliative bone treatment. Technical Services parathyroid adenoma" are other main research ongoing projects. Bahawalpur Institute of Nuclear Medi• To ensure the trouble free working of cine & Oncology (BINO) extended its facilities employed for providing ser• Up gradation of Facilities nuclear medical facilities by providing vices to patients, a technical section Tc99m-MIBI Myocardial Perfusion remained engaged at majority of SPECT of the cardiac patients from these centres. Bahawalpur Institute of Nuclear Medi• 7-12-2000. The electronics workshop performed cine & Oncology (BINO), Baha• repair, maintenance, and calibration walpur, is the newly established A Gamma Camera System, 3 UPS of sophisticated electronic instru• medical centre of PAEC.BINO started with battery banks, a Spectropho• ments and provided software ser• functioning in August 1998 by treat• tometer, a Water Distillation Equip• vices whenever required. ing cancer patients with Chemother•

33 NUCLEAR MINERALS

Search for nuclear minerals in the A PILOT PLANT has been designed The Kamlial formation was thor• country, was continuea by the after doing Column Leach studies on oughly studied through foot prospec- Atomic Energy Minerals Centre, La• core samples from Shanawah and tion, carbome survey and geochemi- hore. Regional search was con• determination of leaching parame• cal surveys in northern and southern ducted in the Bannj Basi ters. Potwar Plateau. Malakand, Potwar and the Kirthar Range. Detailed exploratory work REGIONAL RECONNAISSANCE Spotty anomalies in water samples was carried out at Shanawah in & were indicated in Middle and Upper Bannu Basin and at Malakand and Kamlial formation. Density of fractur• Murghazar in Lower Swat. PROSPECTING ing and presence of uranium bearing intra-formational conglomerates and Detailed geological studies were car• Khisore Range abnormal TDS at Chumbi were nota• ried out at sites in Khisore Range The range hosts extensive subsur• ble. and Mancnar Formation. Preliminary face uranium anomalies along size• exploratory drilling at Shanawah near able lengths. Such anomalies in Geo-chemical surveys were con• Karak has indicated a sizeable ura• north are being explored in Shinghar ducted on the areas already exam• nium ore deposit. The continuity of Ranges. ined by foot radiometry. Approxi• uranium ore has been proved over a mately 80 km2 area of Barkala- strike length of 4 kms. Radiometric map depicting anoma• Diljaba Ranges has been covered. lous lithological units in Baggi Qam- Geo-chemical studies were carried The very first borehole drilled in the mar-Rayt Wali-Banda Shah Nawaz out in the SE part as well Water sam• Manchhar Rock Formation at Wahi area was prepared and correlation of ples and stream sediment samples were Pandi near Dadu in Sindh Province multi sandstone occurrences was collected in 200 km2 area of SKvaliks and has indicated ore grade mineraliza• done. the Kamlial Formations. tion at about 100 meters depth. Ura• nium showings have been found at Hydrogeochemical survey was also Qubul Khel 2 reasonable number of sites near conducted over 110 km area of the Bannu Basin Sehwan Sharif in the Manchhar For• Khisore Range. Field test of water mation in the Kirther Range, Sindh. samples indicates alkaline ground Field observations at Qubul Khel water conditions area are being taken and properly Visible oxidized uranium mineraliza• documented for determining genesis tion has been found in Sindh for the Potwar Plateau and mode of occurrence of the Ore first time which, along with other fa• Bodies at this site. vorable indicators, makes it a prime An area over 500 knr was covered target area for uranium exploration in in Sohawa-Dina-Mangla-Mirpur area. Factors controlling mineralization are that area. Presence of previously known ura• being studied through collection of nium occurrences were confirmed as lithological and structural data, and well as three new sites were discov• integrating it with previous informa• Experimental work was carried out ered at NE corner of Rohtas Anti• tion obtained through drilling. So far on processing of carbonatite ore cline.Lithofacies. Studies were also it is established that areas with "no from Malakand and sandstone ore done along 2800 m long section at structural disturbance'are productive. from Shanawah. Pamal-Domeli-Bakrala structures. Ambela Granitic Complex

After a comparative study parts of the Ambela Granite Complex with basic dyke intrusions at Rustam, Mardan has been subjected to thor• ough prospection. Three shear zones are identified close to these dykes. Studies on two zones namely at Khanpur and at Kalian Darra were in progress for any expected metal mineralization in these shear zones.

The geological model is aiso provid• ing conduits to the pregnant solu- lions and a barrier provided by the Warchha Formation Uranium anomalies are in inlra- impermeable dykes. Salt Range formational conglomerates. In order to narrow down the target evaluative Malakand Area Detailed geological Observations studies like sedtmentofogicat & struc• were recorded in already known pro• tural and so urce-mobilizaf ion- Area around uranium prospect at spective area in Warchha Formation leaching studies in thte sandstone Baru village was subjected to thor• at Saloi *m the Salt Range. Thickness were carried out. Fe+2/Fe+3 ratios, ough prospector). The granite gneiss and extent of radiometric zone, den• carbon content and U**\ U+6 values rocks have been examined. As a re• sity of fractures and (ithological char• suggest oxidation, leaching and re- sult strikingly anomalous showings acter were noted. Radiometric high mobilization phenomenon. The re- have been outlined: one at Hazaf counts are at three levels from where mobilized uranium later possibly Nao: lying NW of Baru and another at 19 samples were collected for min• mineralized in nearby suitable about 1.5 km east near Jabagai hav• eral content studies. spots. ing anomalous zone extending for Five boreholes had been drilled to• about 2.4 km length. EXPLORATION taling to 325 meters depth A low count zone was recorded at tower Continued detailed prospecting at Shanawah, Bannu Basin shale contact Jabagat site NE of Baru Village has Exploratory drilling was continued at also indicated two anomalous zones Seismic Survey, Chumbi Site expending for 8 meters and 20 me• Shanawah Prospect located at the ters length, associated with biotita eastern rim of Bannu Basin. Over 312 bore holes each 4-6 feel nch part of the rock deep (accumulative 461 meters), 5 During the period 52 boreholes to an meters apart, were drilled at CTtumbi Uranfnte and uranophane minerals accumulative depth of 13B39 meters site in Kallar Kahar exploration area have been identified in samples were drilled. Work done till today has as preparation to Seismic Surveys. taken from trenches excavated in the indicated presence of ore £one in 4 area. kms strike length at Shanawah. Now 'Seismic Reflection and Refraction' part of the area (a 1000 x 100 meter surveys were carried out to gain ex• Want PandL Dadu stretch) js, being drill tested, up to perience and for comparative studies Sindh 320 meters depth, at close space on 'Hammering* and 'Bullet Shots' drill pattern. and to establish various configura• Lithological sectforis in Wahi Pahdi, tion. KarunaK and Taki-Soyzak in Chemical results of the core samples Sehwan Sharif area were studied. obtained through bore holes show Marghuzar Area The observations on lithology and two ore zones (14.7m of 0.05% and Swat Valley facies changes suggest a deltaic 5.1m of 0.08% ihQd. Drilling of environment of rock deposition, a boreholes along with detailed favorable environment, demanding lithological and structural studies are Vertically occurring uraniferous further closer observations continued for correlation of surface quartz veins were explored through features with those in the subsurface shallow boreholes. Presently two Through systematic sampling a rea? and for determining shape and di• boreholes have been drilled to 318 sonable number of surface uranium mension of the ore body and 328 meters depth. The borehole showings have been identified in the are inclined at 40 to intercept the area. Prospection has indicated car- In addition, in order to select new ex• uraniferous veins at the expectedly notite mineralization in over 1 km ploration sites nearby mapping and depth. The rocks encountered lateral extension on surface. Approxi• radiometric, surveys were continued through the hole were quartz mica mately 4 km2 area was studied in great in already known area at Takht-e- schist, gametiferoys schists, marble detail. Nasrattt lying 4 kms north of patches and amphtboJite schist. Shanawah. In the vicinity of Wahi Pandi Pros• The system of uraniferous quartz pect at Dadu in Sind prospection Kamlial Formation veins exposed for 3 Kms length are work was extended further north. Chumbil, Salt Range recorded to continue in the subsur• Four rnore anomalous sites have face in the depth. Study of core sam• been located in the (8km) area for• The discbvery of uranium mineraliza• ples exhibits nriicrocrystaifine quartz, ayed radio-metrically from Sori tion in the sandstones of Kamlial For• pyrite, flourite and radioactive black Sayazak to Taki. Very high radio• mation, in a strike wise long stretch mineral. metric counts (upto 1100G cps) at Chumbi near Kailar Kahar has be• were recorded in stream boulders. come an attractive target. Malakand Area When followed up-stream, signifi• The rocks here are feldspathic lith- cant visible uranium mineralization Presence of fluorite and pyrite in the arenites inclined at 36° to 55° de• has been discovered at Taki in the subsurface has warranted subsur• grees forming part of Chumbi Syn- Lower Manchar Formation. face activity in the area. Boreholes cline. totaling to 486 meters were drilled at 35 Malakand Site. These hoies were Radiation/contamination survey of ciency was achieved by using so• drilled in fine grained/sheafed granite these hazardous zones at AEMC dium bicarbonate while it was

gneiss up to maximum 107 meters was also earned out as per routine. 82.12% U30& with ammonium bicar• depth. One hole has indicated 0.5m bonate.

Of low (0.036% U3Os) content at T2 GEOPHYSICAL meters depth. & A new circuit for recovery of Yellow REMOTE SENSING Cake from elute of ion exchange col• Gaji Kumb Site ACTIVITIES umn has also been developed. Sehwan Sharif RESIX/P2 DIV3 Software was used Scouting experimentation was" done After thorough prospection in the to generate maps of resistivity survey for preparation of (HfOj) from Haf• area the first bore hole was drilled of Malakand area. SPOT data of KW- nium concentrate. A leaching effi• upto 110 meters depth in the Manch- sore and Marwat ranges was proc• ciency of 81.1% has been achieved har Formation at Gaji Kumb site. essed TM image of entire Bannu Ba• by using hydrochloric acid as ledvi- This very first borehole has indicated sin at 1:250,000 scale was produced. ant. uranium mineralization in the subsur• face below the water table zone. TM satellite images of Dadu- Sets of experiments were performed Lithe-logical and radiometric logging Nawabshah, Hyderabad & Mekran- on heaps of Carbonatite ore (Gv046 of the hole has revealed ore grade Lasbela areas were produced at % U Oe) and Pyrocholore concen• uranium content at two major levels 1:100,000 & 60,000 scales. TM sat• 3 trate (3.69 % UAi) by using H2SO4 between 83 to 194 meters depth. 84 ellite data was processed and struc• and CaF?. These studies on uranium samples collected from the core of tural lineaments were enhanced in teaching from carbonalite pre; have this borehole were, analyzed chemi• Makran Range from Gawadar to Las- given up to 60% leaching efficiency cally which indicates 3 m of 0.13 % bela. Hard copies at V.500,000 scale by using CaF2 and H2SO4 combina• u3o6. vrere produced. tion as leaching agent.

MINE PLANNING Ml PARALOGICAL A purity level of 55,9% was achieved & during previous years experiments Based on presently available initial CHEMICAL STUDIES on yellow cake production from Car• data on ore body at Shanawah a bonatite Ore from Malakand. Use of conceptual plan is prepared entitled Over 1074 samples belonging to pro• sulphuric acid could only improve it •Underground Exploration Drilling spective sites of the Bannu Basin, to 71.73%. and Development of Shanawah Ura• Potwar, Swat, Malakand, Sulaiman nium Deposit. Range and the Kirtbar Range, etc. SERVICES Another report gives comparatives were assayed for petrography, heavy (including cost estimates^ of under• minerals, XRD and auto radiography- Bore holes were core drilled and ground in situ leach mining vs con• Analysis of 8715 samples related to geotechnicat & selsmotectoriic stud• ventional underground mining. In ad• the ongoing field/lab based program ies were also carried out for a num• dition detailed specification and ber of projects Mineralogical labora• budgeting cost estimates were also of Nuclear Mineral Survey was done. tories carried out petrography and done for mine machinery and acces• Thus 26358 estimations, of various heavy minerals analyses on 17 sam• sories/stores required for future min• types of salts/radicate/ chemical com• ples received from BC-1 Project, ing at Shanawah site. ponents were carried out on these samples. CPC and SOILCON.A proto type Water Table Detector* was fabri• HEALTH PHYSICS cated in the AEMC Electronics Labo• ORE PROCESSING STUDIES Film badge and pocket dosimetry ratories. It can determine presence and level of underground water upto service was provided to the workers Two lixivianfs were used for leaching in radiation hazard areas of uranium from sandstone ore from 300 meters depth. The unit was un• (laboratories, ore processing plants). Shanawah site. 81.90% leaching effi• der testing in the field environment.

36 HUMAN RESOURCE DEVELOPMENT

Human resource development is playing a very important role in achieving the goals laid down by Pakistan Atomic Energy Commission (PAEC), for its various R&D pro• grammes.

PAEC through its exclusive estab• lishments, namely Computer Training Centre (CTC). KANUPP Institute of Nuclear Power Engineering (KINPOE) and CHASNUPP Centre of Nuclear Training (CHASCENT), is imparting training to the scientists, engineers and other technical per• sonnel for keeping pace with the in• creasing needs of professionally Computer Training Centre, one of PAEC main training skilled man power at all levels. facilities Post Graduate Training Workshops FOREIGN TRAINING Program (PGTP) A series of workshops was arranged During the period from July 2000 to The 16th batch of one year post during 2000-2001 to impart training June 2001, 28 PAEC scientists / Graduate Training Program (PGTP) of MS POWER Point for PAEC em• st th engineers proceeded abroad for started on May 22, 2000. A total of ployees from 21 August to 24 and =t training under IAEA and other Inter• thirty three (33) joined the course from 28* August to 31 " August 2000. national Organizations. 12 pro• and twenty two (22) successfully A total number of 36 employees par• ceeded for higher studied through completed the training, being passed ticipated in the workshop. grant of University Assistantships out on 21s1 May, 2001. and 24 benefited from scientific visits Basic Computer Training sponsored by IAEA and other Inter• Post Graduate Computer A basic Computer Training course national Organizations. Orientation Course (PGCOC) for the teachers of Margala College The 7th batch of six month Post for Women was arranged from 26" In addition, 212 PAEC scientists/ m engineers benefited from participa• Graduate Computer Orientation April to 25 May 2001 which was tion in various international confer• Course (PGCOC-7) started on May attended by 15 participants. ences, meetings, seminars, sympo• 29, 2000. sia and workshops. Another course on "Office Automa• The participants of this course are tion" for the training of Pakistan Audit nominees from different universities Department officers was started on COMPUTER TRAINING CENTRE s1 and PAEC departments in addition to 21 May, 2001, the course duration (CTC) lh a limited number of fresh graduates being 12 weeks, ending on 9 Au• gust. 2001. Twenty officers partici• During the academic year 2000- of M.Sc. Mathematics & Geophysics, pated in this course 2001, CTC conducted its regular B.Sc. Engineering Mechanical, & training programs; 16th Post Gradu• Metallurgical background. A total of ate Training Program (PGTP-16) and thirty nine (39) joined the course and Computer Literacy Program 7'" Post Graduate Computer Orienta• thirty six (36) were declared success• tion Course (PGCOC-7) in computer ful, being passed out on 28* Novem• A computer literacy program for the systems software and hardware. ber, 2000. children of PAEC employees was conducted in the form of two batches 1 Workshops on "Office Automation The 8" batch of six month post from 21-05-2001 to 15-06-2001. "and " Basic Computer Training" Graduate Computer Orientation th were conducted for PAEC employ• Course (PGCOC) started from 24 Master of Information ees & teachers of Margala College April, 2001. Twenty (20) nominees of Technology Program for Women, Islamabad. PAEC & universities joined the course. This course is in progress CTC coordinated with PIEAS for its Computer Literacy courses were suc• and will end on 23r3 October, 2001. two years MIT (Masters of Informa• cessfully conducted for the children tion Technology) program, which is of PAEC employees as well. scheduled to be started in October 37 2001. The CTC Board of Studies fi• CHASNUPP CENTRE OF Agriculture (NIFA) is also running two nalized the courses for the MIT pro• NUCLEAR TRAINING courses of 2 weeks duration on "Use gram. Interviews for selecting the (CHASCENT) of Nuclear Techniques in Food & candidates are in progress. This is a Agriculture and Food Technology" full time 70 credit hours course. One-year postgraduate training of 18 every year. engineers/scientists started on 9-4- KANUPP INSTITUTE OF NUCLEAR 2001. 21 weeks PWR systems/ All PAEC Nuclear Medical Centres nd POWER equipment training for 2 batch of are conducting FCPS in Nuclear ENGINEERING fifteen CHASNUPP engineers/ Medicine & Radiotherapy and M. Sc. (KINPOE) scientists was completed. One year in Nuclear Medicine under the um• post diploma training of nine trainee brella of Pakistan Institute of Engi• M.Sc. Nuclear Power technicians (batch-V) got completed neering and Applied Sciences on 02-7-2001 and training of fourteen (PIEAS). Nuclear Medical Centres Engineering trainee technicians (batch-VI) started also lead MCPS, DMRT & DMRD on 14-5-2001. students. The result of batch-VI of M.Sc. Nu• Training was provided by different clear Power Engineering session Ten technicians underwent seven institutes to IAEA fellows tn specified 1998-1999 was declared on Septem• week training of CHASNUPP system fields and 5 national and 4 interna• ber 11, 2000 by the NED University. course. Twelve weeks CHASNUPP tional seminars were arranged with 14 successful students were systems/equipment course for seven the help of IAEA & PAEC. awarded degrees in the convocation technical staff (SA-I) was completed held on January 29, 2001. on 02-3-2001.

Muhammad Rafiq Tarar, President of BIO-SCIENCES Islamic Republic of Pakistan was the INSTITUTES Chief Guest on this occasion. In the field of bio-sciences, the Na• Presently two batches, VII and VIII, tional Institute of Biotechnology and are studying in the 4th and 2nd se• Genetic Engineering (NIBGE) is con• mester respectively. ducting M. Phil in Biotechnology and 10 students have been awarded M. In post diploma training of techni• Phil degree this year. Similarly Nu• cians, 42 candidates completed their clear Institute for Agriculture and Bi• training successfully and were ology (NIAB) is regularly conducting awarded the certificates. 55 students short term courses on "Application of joined the KINPOE on 16th October Nuclear Technology in Agriculture" 2000 for the training session 2000- while the Nuclear institute for Food & 2001.

38 PROJECTS

WORKS able by KNPC authorities keeping in etc. and jobs of contract value Rs. view safety consideration of plant. 72.0 million are in hand for Voith Ger• NATIONAL INSTITUTE FOR The project got completed in planned many, Pak Saudi Fertilizer, OGDC, BIOTECHNOLOGY duration and all the safety require• National Refinery, CHASNUPP, & ments as imposed from time to time CPC, KANUPP, PARR-!, etc. GENETIC ENGINEERING by KNPC authorities were thoroughly FA1SA LA BAD observed. In addition , jobs valuing Rs. 42,041 million were completed and delivered The civil work including external elec• The work for construction of admini• while jobs worth Rs. 89.858 million trification and furnishing of Audito• stration building is in progress at vari• are under manufacturing attesting. rium stands completed. ous locations of the complex and shall be completed in nearfuture. The Directorate exported mechanical HVAC work remained in progress equipment worth Rs. 29.0 million to and is 98% complete. The tenders RESIDENTIAL COLONY FOR PAEC CER'N, Switzerland, have been called and award of work EMPLOYEES is under process for public address ISLAMABAD All the construction work of the 60% system of Auditorium. Pressure Vessel Shop has been Two blocks at G-8/4, Islamabad completed & about 75% Air Condi• NUCLEAR INSTITUTE FOR stand completed. tioning work was completed. AGRICULTURE & BIOLOGY NIAB INSTITUTE FOR RADIOTHERAPY The Strip Cladding Machine, Nozzle AND NUCLEAR MEDICINE The work for construction of water (IRNUM) PESHAWAR Welding Machine, Edge planer, Pre• courses has been Completed in all cision Horizontal Machining Center, respects and handed over to the end Building work stands completed. 8-m CNC Milling & Boring Machine user. The scheme for construction of However, HVAC work and Bed Lift and XRF Spectrometer were com• cafeteria is still pending as the irnple^ are in progress. missioned. mentation shall be taken up after the availability of funds. SCIENTIFIC Sixty-three ton Transport Bogie and & 5-ton Welding Positioner were pro• ABBOTTABAD INSTITUTE OF duced & commissioned whereas NUCLEAR MEDICINE & ONCOLOGY ENGINEERING 100-ton & 200-ton Transport Bogies, (AINO) ABBOTTABAD SERVICES 25-ton Welding Positioner and 30-ton & 50-ton Roller Supporters, etc. are Boundary wall and Nursing Hostel The SES Directorate is providing de• under manufacturing. have been completed. The construc• signing and manufacturing of precise tion of Lab Block, O.P.D Block & Ser• & complex mechanical equipment/ vices shall be completed in Oct, 2001 NDT Training & Inspection and Feb, 2002 respectively. components, thick walled high pres• sure vessels, heavy steel structure A total of 9 Training Courses were KARACHI NUCLEAR POWER products, specialised aluminium cast• conducted in the field of Non- PLANT' KANUPP) ing, inspection & testing services and Destructive Testing techniques and training in NDT and Welding Technol• 122 participants from local industries The work on re-strengthening and ogy- and various organizations of PAEC improvement of intake channel It has attained ISO-9001 certification were trained out of which 94 were stands completed in all respects and for design & manufacturing of proc• declared successful. The centre re• ceived Rs. 1.91 million as training fee is handed over to KANUPP. ess and mechanical equipment for for conducting these courses. medium and heavy industries and Moreover, the work on first floor hos• Engineering Sectors. tel building of KANUPP colony, KA• The centre also provided professional RACHI has been completed. inspection & testing services to local Design & Manufacture of industries worth Rs. 22.32 million. KNPC, KARACHI Eq ui pment/Com po nents Services were mainly provided to PNS The work of re-strengthening and im• Mehran, OGDC, SNGPL, ARL, The SES supplied jobs worth Rs: provement of Pump House operating KAPCO, RAF, PIA, POL, J1ACCO, 39.84 million to HMC, DESCON, SE- floor structure has been completed in MRF, HIT, SEFEC Engineering and FEC, OGDG, Fauji Cereal, KTPS, the portion of slabs as made avail• Dawood Hercules Ltd., etc. CPC, CHASNUPP, RWR, KIRN, ECI,

39 Seminar on Welding dustries & Production Mr. Abdul Raz- arrangements by contributing Rs. Technology zaq Dawood. Twenty-four (24) pa• 0.495 million to partly meet the ex• pers were presented during the five penditure of the seminar. There were PWI held the 1st National Seminar on (05) technical sessions of the Semi• about 121 organizations participating Welding Technology in the country nar. Ten (10) local companies set up in different activities of the seminar. on 12th & 13th March 2001. their stall at the exhibition.

The Seminar & Exhibition of welding The local industries showed their equipment was inaugurated by the keen interest in the proceedings and Federal Minister for Commerce, In•

40 INTERNATIONAL RELATIONS

Chairman's Visits Abroad PAEC Dr. Kauser Abdullah Malik, Member Officials Abroad (Biological Sciences) Cum Member (Administration) participated in the Chairman PAEC led Pakistan dele• IFS Board of Trustees meeting held gation to the Forty-fourth Annual Dr. Hasibullah, Chief Scientist, PAEC at Stockholm, Sweden from 18-20 General Conference of IAEA held at has been posted as Minister May, 2001, He also attended third Vienna (Austria) from 18-20 Septem• (Technical), in the Embassy of Paki• meeting of IAEA Standing Advisory ber, 2000 and meetings of the IAEA stan. Vienna (Austria). He took the th Group on Nuclear Applications Board of Governors held at Vienna, charge of this post on 19 March, (SAGNA) held at Vienna, Austria from 19-22 March, 2001 and 11-15 2001. from 18-22 June, 2001. June, 2001. Dr. Khan Ahmed Shoaib, Chief Sci• He also visited European Organiza• entist, PINSTECH, Islamabad has 212 PAEC scientists/engineers tion for Nuclear Research (CERN), taken up assignment as Senior Pro• benefited from participation in vari• Geneva, from 10-11 September, gramme Analyst in the Programme ous international conferences, meet• 2000 and Abdus Salam International Support & Evaluation, Department of ings, seminars, symposia and work• Centre for Theoretical Physics Management, IAEA, Vienna for a shops during July, 2000 to June, (ICTP), Trieste, from 12-14 Septem• period of two years from 02-4-2001 2001 whereas 64 received training ber, 2000. to 01-4-2003. and availed scientific visits.

He paid technical visit to Oconee Nu• Syed Ghufran-ul-Haq, SPE, KAN• PAEC Scientists/ Engineers clear Station, South Carolina, USA UPP, Karachi undertook assignment from 30-31 October, 2000 and par• as KANUPP representative with as IAEA Experts ticipated in the WANO Board of Gov• CANDU Owners Group (COG), at ernors meeting in Atlanta held on 1st Toronto, Canada from 2-10-2000 to Thirty four PAEC Scientists/ November, 2000 and Chief Execu• 4-4-2001 under Project - Safe Op• Engineers carried out assignments tive Officers (CEO) Conference held eration of KANUPP. abroad as IAEA experts in various at Atlanta, from 2-3 November, 2000. fields such as Tissue Banking, Tu• Mr. Shamshad Ali, SPE, KANUPP mour Marker RIA Techniques, Radia• He attended the European Nuclear proceeded to Canada on 29-3-2001 tion Sterilization, Probabilistic Safety Society Workshop on Nuclear Public for undertaking 6 months assign• Assessment Review (PSAR), Sus• Information in Practice held at ment as KANUPP representative tainable Utilization Of Saline Ground Evian, France from 4-7 February, with Candu Owners Group (COG) Water and Wastelands for Plant Pro• 2001. at Toronto, Canada under Project- duction, Radiographic Testing, FIN- Safe Operation of KANUPP. PLAN Studies, Radium Conditioning, Surface Methods Testing, Use of Re• Re-election of Pakistan to actors, Radio Isotopes in Medicines, the IAEA Board of Mr. Ahmed Irej Jalal, PSO, ASAG, Islamabad has taken up assignment Geothemial Resources and Environ• Governors as Energy Planner/Economist In the mental Management, Mutation Planning and Economic Studies Sec• Breeding, Energy Economics and Pakistan was re-elected unopposed tion, Department of Nuclear Energy, Power Planning, Increasing Produc• to the Board of Governors of the In• IAEA, Vienna for a period of 3 years tivity of Crop Livestock Production ternational Atomic Energy Agency from 04-12-2000 to 03-12-2003. System, Review of Safety Guides on (IAEA) for a term of two years begin• Design and Operation of Nuclear ning from September, 2000 to Sep• Power Plants, MAED Analysis, Mass tember, 2002. Visits of PAEC Scientists/ Spectrometry and Radiation Process• Engineers Abroad ing for Industrial Applications. Election was held at the Forty-fourth Annual General Conference. Paki• Mr. Javed Iqleem, Member (Power) IAEA Experts in Pakistan stan has also previously served on participated in technical Committee the IAEA Board for thirteen terms meeting on National Nuclear Power Eighty six experts carried out assign• and with this extensive experience Plant Control and Instrumentation ments at different PAEC establish• has consistently advocated the inter• Programmes held at Vienna, from ments under IAEA regular pro• ests of the developing countries. 15-17 May, 2001 and IAEA steering gramme of technical co-operation in While on the Board, Pakistan will con• committee meeting for Safe Opera• various fields including Clinical Role tinue to strive for promoting the cause tion of KANUPP/lmproving Safety Brain Perfusion, SPECT Studies, of peaceful uses of nuclear energy. Features of KANUPP held at Vienna, Analysis of Rape Seed Quality using from 22-24 May, 2001. NIRS, Electron Microscopy for Re-

41 search on Plant Diseases, Safety Is• sues, Improvement of Spectrome• ters, Radiation Protection Infrastruc• ture, l&C Upgrade. Production TC-99 M Generators for Nuclear Medicines, Development of Concrete Testing, Aging Management Programme for MOVs, Calibration of Si:e Specific Ground Water Flow and Transport Model, Saline Agriculture. Waste Management, Seismic Upgrading, Field Investigation for Soil Erosion and Sedimentation Studies, Clinical Application of Radiosensitizers in Cancer Radiotherapy, Monitoring and Surveying of Rinder Pest Dis• ease, Loose Part Monitoring for NPP Safety. Evaluation of Pressurized Regional training workshop, a regular feature of PAEC Components and Concrete Struc• international relations programme ture, Annulus Gas System (AGS) Modifications, In-service Inspection Dr Mohammad Nordin Razley, Meetings/ Workshops/ of SG Eddy Current Analysis, Tech• Head. East Asia and Pacific Section, Seminars nical Support on Dose Reduction, Department of Technical Co• Clean Environment, Assessment of operation, IAEA visited PAEC HQs.. A National Workshop on PROSPER Emergency, Operating Procedures PINSTECH, Islamabad, NIAB/ Service wth Special Emphasis on (EOPs) and Severe Accident Man• NIBGE, Faisalabad and INMOL, La• Collection. Trending and Analysis of agement Guidelines (SAMGs). Engi• hore from 24-28 April, 2001. neering Review of Fueling Ma• Low Level Events and near Misses chines. under Project-Operational and Safety Messrs. Timothy James Martin of Issues of NPP was held at KANUPP. USA and William Hirst of Canada vis• Karachi from 8-15 July, 2000. Foreign Delegations ited KANUPP, Karachi from 23-27 October, 2000 for Reviewing KAN• IAEA/RCA Regional Training Course UPP Maintenance. They also visited Dr. Qain JihuL Deputy Director Gen• on Model Level-3 Examination in PAEC HQs, CHASNUPP Site, Kun• eral, Head of the Department of Eddy Current Testing was held at dian from 29 October to 1 November, Technical Co-operation, IAEA, at• NCNDT. SES, Directorate, Islama• 2000. tended the inaugural ceremony of bad from 10-14 July, 2000 under CHASNUPP Plant held at Kundian RCA Project-Non-Destructive Testing site on 29th March, 200'. He also Visits of TOKTEN Experts and Evaluation. Eight delegates of met Federal Minister for Food, Agri• to Pakistan various member countries two IAEA culture and Livestock, Islamabad on experts and one foreign observer at• th 28 March, 2001. Dr. Muhammad Khurshid Khan from tended it. UK. specialist in Manufacturing Sys• A Chinese delegation led by H.E. Mr. tems and Quality Engineering visited Regional Workshop on Developing Lie Jibin, Minister of Science and Scientific and Engineering Services Training Syllabus on Optimization of Technology and Industry for National Directorate (SES). Islamabad from Radiation Protection was held at Is• Defence, China visited Pakistan 28th August to 1s; September. 2000 lamabad from 30 October to 3 No• from 26"" Msxh to 4' -pnl 2001. under Transfer of Knowledge vember. 2000 under the Project- During the visit to Pakistan he at• through Expatriate National TOK• Improving Occupational Radiation tended the inaugural ceremony of TEN Scheme. Protection in Nuclear Power Plants. CHASNUPP Plant. Dr. AM Nawaz Khan specialist in the Eight foreign delegates from vari• Mr. Andrew Ingram from Australia, field of Radiology/ Nuclear Medicine. ous countries attended Regional Incharge of the International Centre North Manchester General Hospital. Farmers Training Workshop on Sa• for Genetic Engineering and Biotech• UK. visited PIEAS, Islamabad from line Agriculture held at NIAB, Fais• nology (ICGEB) Internal Audit Unit, 22™ February to 21s' March, 2001. alabad from 13-23 November, 2000 Trieste, Italy carried out assignment under Project-Sustainable Utilization at NIBGE, Faisalabad from 22-24 Under the same scheme. Dr. Mu• of Saline Ground Water and Waste• May, 2001. hammad Shafiq, expert in the field of lands for Plant Production. General Surgery UK, visited Institute Dr. Rob Briddon of Johans Innes of Radiotherapy of Nuclear Medicine Another Workshop on i:Early Fix Pro• Centre, Norwich (UK) visited NIBGE, (IRNUM), Peshawar from 20-30 gramme for Seismic Upgrading of Faisalabad from 2-29 April. 2001. March, 2001 KANUPP" under Project - Improving 42 Safety Features of KANUPP was In cooperation with World Associa• Foreign Trainees in Pakistan held at KANUPP, Karachi from 20-24 tion of Nuclear Operators-Atlanta November 2000 It was conducted by Centre (WANO-AC), USA, a Course Twenty one foreign trainees com• four IAEA experts. was hosted on Root Cause Analysis pleted their training at various PAEC and Self Assessment at KANUPP, establishments during the year in the An Executive Management- Seminar Karachi from 10-19 April, 2001. fields of General Industrial Applica• on "Clean Environment" was ar• tions, Power Reactors, Nuclear ranged by PINSTECH at Islamabad, PAEC in collaboration with IAEA Medicine and other allied fields from 27-28 February, 2001 under hosted Workshop on Disease Sur• RCA Sub. Project-Air Pollution and veillance Repairing and Emergency its Trends Preparedness System at NARC, Is• Technical Assistance by lamabad from 23-27 Apnl, 2001. IAEA First Coordination Meeting on Dam Safety and Sustainability was held at A workshop was conducted on Man• Total technical assistance received Lahore from 26-30 March, 2001 un• agement of Maintenance Outages at from IAEA dunng 2000 under techni• der RCA Project - Use of Isotopes in CHASNUPP Site, Kundian from 23- cal co-operation programme was Dam Safety and Dam Sustainability 27 April, 2001 under Project- worth USS 893512 compnsing of US Twenty foreign delegates attended Management of Changes for Com• $147127 for experts visits US$11002 the meeting. petitive Nuclear Power Performance. for group activity, US$307531 for equipment, US$ 367525 for fellow• PAEC in cooperation with Interna• PAEC hosted IAEA Final Project ships and US$60327 for sponsonng tional Atomic Energy Agency (IAEA) Coordinator's Meeting on In-Wro Tu• scientific visits IAEA awarded US$ hosted Regional RCA Training Work• mour Markers Assay for Detection 107700 for undertaking research in shop on Scintimamograpfty, Sentinel and Management of Cancer at La• various PAEC laboratones. The Lymph Node Detection at NORI, Is• hore, from 18-22 June, 2001 under amount represents the Agency's fi• lamabad from 9-13 April, 2001.23 RCA Project - Thematic Programme nancial support for ten fresh re• foreign delegates attended this Re• on Health Care. search contracts and renewing ten gional (RCA) workshop. existing research contracts.

43 FINANCE

Pakistan Atomic Energy Commission received funds from the following sources during the year, 2000 - 2001.

• Federal Government

• Provincial Governments

• Sale of Electricity

• Generated Receipts

Funds received from Federal Government are utilized to meet the current as well as development expenditure of the

Commission except for Karachi Nuclear Power Complex (KNPC) which meets its expenditure from its own generated income. 94.018 % of total development expenditure has been incurred on construction of Chashma Nuclear Power

Plant. Funds from generated receipts, Provincial Governments and other sources are mostly utilized for development activities

Actual expenditure during the financial year under review along with its comparison with preceding year is given be• low. -

DEVELOPMENT EXPENDITURE

Million Rs. 1999-2000 2000-2001 Nuclear Power 1.031 017 2.422.175 (+) 134.93 % Mineral Development 25,985 45.121 (+) 73 639% Agriculture 26 608 25.513 (-) 4.12% Health 26 823 83.474 (+) 211.188% Iota! Development Expenditure 1,110.433 2,576.282 (+) 132.006%

B. CURRENT EXPENDITURE

The current expenditure on different activities is as follows:

Million Rs. 1999-2000 2000-2001 ± %-age Agriculture 147.737 163 505 (+) 10.672% Health 220 800 247.324 (+) 12 012% Physical Sciences 403 369 415 192 (+) 2.931% Mineral Development 75 361 82.245 (+) 9.13% Other Projects 42.356 42.011 (-) 0.814% PAEC Hqrs 151.795 154.480 (+-) 1 768% Total Current Expenditure 1,041.418 1,104.756 (+) 6.082%

44 C. SELF FINANCING

KARACHI NUCLEAR POWER COMPLEX Million Rs. Year 1999-2000 2000-2001 +agc Current Expenditure 617.156 494.642 (-) 19.851%

CHASHMA NUCLEAR POWER PROJECT Million Rs. Year 1999 - 2000 2000 - 2001 Current Expenditure - 4(14 835

Trie revenue earned & receipt of KNPC and CNPP are as follows: -

Million Rs. 1 KNPC, Karachi. 1999 - 2000 2000 - 2001 Electricity Sales Revenue 1.125.014 **847 028 Receipts of Sales Revenue 290 000 910,000

** Including GST Rs. 210 256 Million Million Rs. 2. CNPP, Chashma 2000-2001 Electricity Sales Revenue **2.()46 686 Receipt:, of Sales Revenue 1.086.952

** Including GST. Rs. 142.410 Million

Chashma Nuclear Power Project (CNPP) started functioning in June 2000 and was connected to WAPDA Grid on

June, 13,2000. Plant was taken over by PAEC in September 2000 Electricity is being exported to WAPDA on provi• sional rates. Tariff agreement with WAPDA is in process of finalization. During 2000-2001 CNPP exported 1,676.930

(Million) Units (in kWh) to WAPDA. The amount billed to WAPDA up to June 2001 is Rs. 2,046.686 million including

GST amounting to Rs. 142.410 million against which an amount of Rs. 1,086.952 million was received during the year

No funds were allocated for the current expenditure of the project during the financial year 2000-2001, hence the same have been met from generated receipt amounting to Rs 404.835 million.

CONCLUSION

An analysts of total expenditure of PAEC reveals that 56.24 % constitutes development activities while current expen• diture represents 24.12 % and self-financing is to the tune of 19.64 % Sale Revenue of KANUPP has decreased by

24 710%.

45 PUBLICATIONS

NUCLEAR POWER Infrastructure! Require'fnents on the KANUPP Safety System", KANUPP- Competitiveness of Nuclear Power, STR-98^03. Papers & Reports June 2001. 24. Asad Ahmed Zafar, Muhammad Sa- 7, Muhammad RashiduHah', "Leakage jid Ansari, "Procedures for dteman- 1. Mohammad Ahmad, Al. Jalal, A rate test of KANUPP containment tling assembly and inspection of Tur• Mumfaz and U. Latif, "Pakistan- Nu• building", KANUPP-lSR-215-10" bine Generator components", KAF4- clear Power for GHG Mitigation and 8. Azfer Mtnhaj, "Forced outage due to UPP-STR-2K-06\ Sustainable Energy Development", malfunction of PHT pressure control• 25. BabarGhias, "KANUPP Outage Re• Nuclear Power for Greenhouse Gas ler (PH7P)\KANUPP-UOR-2K-06. cord Rev. 01 (Period 1971 - 20Q0), Mitigation under the Kyoto Protocol: 9 Mufiarrtrrtad Arif, Muhammad Us- KANUPP-STR-2K-07. The Clean Development Mechanism man, "Failure of South fuelling ma• 26. Rehan SWdiqui, "Conversion of (COM), IAEA 00-02811, November chine Ram Drive during on Power Computer Code Perikart from VAX to 2Q0G. fuelling", KANUPP-UOR-2K-08 PC*, KANUPP^STR-2K-10' 2. Ahmad Mumtaz,et al, 'Role^of Nu• 10. Azfer Minhaj, Shaftid Jqbaf Siddiqui, 27 Shahid Ali^khtar Kama! Qureshi, clear Power in Pakistan irVMrtigatrrrg- • "Forced outage due to reactor north Najmus Saqib, "Performance review Greenhouse Gases Emissions: A otrtiet header pressure high, KAN- of KANUPP Safety Systems Medium to Long-Term Perspective" UFP-UOR-2K-06. (01.01.97 to 31.12.97)",KANUPP- A Case Study of Pakistan. Progress 11 Hassan Abbas, "Moderator thp spill STR-2K-08. Report of IAEA'S Co-ordinated Re• due to pressurizatidn of CH(M)", 28 Shahid Ali, Akhtar Kamal Qureshi, search Programme on "The Rote of KANUPP-UOR-OT-01 Najmus S^qib, "Performance review Nuclear Power and Other Energy 12. Hassan Abbas, Tahlr Siddiqui, of KANUPP Safety Systems Options in Meeting International "Moderator DjO spill due to pressuri- (01.01.96 to 31.12.96)", KANUPP- Goals on Greenhouse Gas Emission zation of CH(M), KANUPP-UOR-Oi- STR-2K-09. Reductions", September 2000. 01. 29. Muhammad Rasbidullah, "Safety 3. M. Latrf et al.," Comparative Assess• 13. Azfer Minhaj, "Forced outage due to Aspects of KANUPP Operation ment of Investment on Infrastructure failure of CH-PM3",KANUPP-UQR- (January, 200G to December, 2000)", Development for Nuclear Power and 01-O2. KANUFP-STR-01-01. .Other Energy Chains for Electricity 14. Azfer Minhaj, Tahir Siddique, 30. Muhammad Najamuddin," To identify Generation in Pakistan* Progress "Forced outage due to failure of CH- the leak(s) in AH system", KANUPP- Report of IAEA's Co-ordinated Re• PM3",KANUPP-UOR-01-02, ITR-2K-02. search Prografnrrio on Impact of In• 15. Hassan Abbas,"Reactor trip on both 31. Muhammad Khan, Muhammad Kam- frastructure! Requirement on the computer stall condition* KANUPP- ran Ghughtai, Ahsan Bukharl, Abid Competitiveness of Nuclear Power, UOR-01-03. Hussam, "Data Bank of INQPW for September 2000. 16. Azfar Minhaj, "Forced outage due to Mux mapping of CHASNUPP (Psrt- 4 A, I. Jala) et al., "Incorporation of En• shearing of the anchoring holts along II)", INUP-067: vironmental Regulations in Medium the BFW line, failure pf CH-PM3" 32. M. Arshad, Abdul Manan, " Neu- to LongTerm Planning for Electric KANUPP-UOR-O1-04. tronic Analysrs for the proposed System 'Expansion in Pakistan11 A 17. Hassan Abbas, Asif Rajput, "Reactor PARR-1 Equilibrium Core No 96*, Case Study of Pakistan. Final Report trip on both computer stall condition", 1NUP-07O. of the Research Contract Under KANUPP-UOR-01-03- Azfar Minhat 33. Muhammad Khan, Muhammad Kam- IAEA's Co-ordinated Research Pro• Tahir §jddiqui, "Forced outage due rah Chughtaj, Ahsan Bukhan, "A Re• gramme on Case Studies to Assess to shearing of BFVWTS lines support port on Initial Criticality -and Low and" Compare Different Energy anchoring bolts, KANUPP-UOR-01- PowerPbysics Tests conducted at Sources in Sustainabfe Energy and 04. CHASNUPP", INUP-071. Electricity Supply Strategies, De• 18. Abdul Jalil Qureshi,«Htgh PHT 34. Muhammad Khan, Muhammad Kam- cember 2000. closed collection rate "KANUPP- ran Chughtai, Ahsan 8,ukhari, 5 Murrrtaz etal., "Comoarative Assess• UOR-01-05- "CHASNUPP Operation Parameters ment of Alternative Paths for Power 19_ M Aya2 Ahmed, "Moderator DjO Prediction and Analysis Report", System Development in Pakistan" spill due to pressurization of Collec• INUP-073. Final Report of Project RAS-0-CJ28 tion (M) system" KANUPR-UQR-Ot- '35. M Ayub Qureshi & Javed Iqbal, presented ai Final Co-ordinators' 06. "Validation of the Computer Software Meeting of the Regional (RCA) Pro• 20. Shahid Alt, "Performance Review of SHIELD01 Developed at INUP", ject on Comparative Assessment of KANUPP Safety Systems. (Period: INUP-072. Electricity Generation Options, Bei• January 1998 - December 1998), 36, Amer Mahmdod & Tomislar Bajst jing, Cfffna, 5-9 March 2001. KANUPP-STR-2K-04- "Analysis of BETHSY Experiment 8. M, Latif, I. Ahmad; M. Imtfaz and A 21. M. A Moiz Khan, Ubard Anwar 9.1 B (ISP-27) Small Break LOCA Mumtaz, "Comparative Assessment Baqai, "Detailed study of'BBW lines Without HPSl and Delayed Ultimate of Investment on Infrastructure De• lay out for KANUPP steam genera- procedure Initiation Using RELAP5/ velopment for Nuclear Power and tors1*, KANUPP-STR-2K-05.3. MOD3.2.2 Gamma*, INUP-076. Other Energy Chains for Electricity 22. Muhammad Naeerh Khan, 37. Lat Khan & Tomislar Bajs, Generation in Pakistan". 2nd Year "Inspection of BBW lines", KANUPP- "Evaluation of small break LOCA Progress Report of the Research STR-2K-02. Transient (6.2 TC Test) performed in Contract Under IAEA's Co-ordinated 23. Shahid Ail, Akhter Karral, Najmus BETHSY Test Facility using RE- Research Programme on Impact of Saqi b, " Performance Review of LAPS/MOD 3.2", INUP-077 46 38, M Iqbal & U. Riaz, "Implementation 1,3-Dipipefidinopropahe", Oriental J.. of SiC single crystal using a cone - of Stress Analysis Programme for Chem.,16 (2000)217. shaped platform", J.Cryst. Growth 09 Primary Components (SAPPC), on 54. M Arshad et al., "A thermal analysis (2000)767. PENTIUM 111", tNUP-lTM-143. study of 1,2-dipipendindethane com• 69. M. N. Khan eta[_, "Liquid phase epi- 39 M.lqbat & M. Rfaz," Implementator plexes of Cobalt, Nickel. Copper, taxy on 6H-SiC Acheson seed crys• Of Computer Code PWRRA on PC Zinc and Cadmium by TG-DTG-DTA tals in dosed vessel* ,lbid. 586". 1NUP-ITM-144. techniques", Thermochimca Acta. 70. M. N. Khan et al., "Effect of tempera• 40. M. Iqbal & M, Riaz," Imptementation 384(2000)143. ture gradient on SiC epitaxy in liquid of Computer Code NOHETRAN on 55. M. Arif, et al ."Studies on the ther• phase" ,Mat Sci. Forum 133(2000) PC 586", INUP-ITM-144 mal decomposition of .Copper (II) 338- 41 Sateem A, etial., "Low-Rower Core Fluonde complexes with various 71. W. Bahng, et al., "Enlargement of Physics Tests on KCP-II after long Amino Acids- in Nitrogen atmos• SiC single crystal: enhancement of Shutdown", 1NUP4178. phere", J. Turk. Chem, 25(2000)73 lateral gfpwth using tapered graphite 42. M.Rafiq et al, "Power Ramp Trafi- 58. A.Mushtaq et al., "A freeze dried kit lid'. Mat. Sci. Forum 204(2000)338. sient Analysis of CHASNUPP Fuel" for "Tc (v) dimercaptosuccinic 72. S Nishizawa et at. "Shape of SiC Part-I, INUP-0B2. acrcP, J_ Radioanat. Ntrci Chem. 243 bulk single crystal grown by sublima• 43. Abdul Razzaq, "CHASNUPP Tran• {2ogoja29. tion0. Mat. Sci. Forum 591(2000)338 sients leading to: reactor trip- data for 57. A Mushtaq, S. Pervez, 1 Haider, 73. S. Ahmad et al., "Sputtering and for• PSA. CHASNUPP-ENG-PSA-01, "Preparation of ia8Re-lanreotide and mation of Ci and Oi tn the regenera• Sep. 2001. its quality control", Radioctiem. Acta*. tive sooting discharge*, Nucl. In- 44 Shamim A Khan ,'How to write 88(2000)495. strum. Methods Phys. Res. B 171 specifications CHASNUPP-ENG-05, 58. i.H. Bokhari et aJ., "Steady^sfarte {2000)552. Sep. 2001 thermal hydraulic analysis of Paki• 74. J. H. Zaidf, S. Waheed and S. 45. ImSaz Ghafbor, M Nasurallart A stan Research Reactor-1 at a power Ahmad, "Determination of trace "im• Ghaffar, "Repsirt.on Provisional Ac• level of 10 MW, JL Nucl. Sci. 37 purities rn iron-based alloy using ceptance of Chashma Nuclear (2000)216. neutron activation analysis", Radio- Power Plant, March 2001 Power dis• 59, P L Betts and l.H. Bokhari, chem. Acta 58(2000)233 tribution measurement at 200 "Experiments on turbulent natural 75. J. H. Zaidi et at. "Measurement of 46, Saulat Manzoor and Javed Rafique, convection in an enclosed tal cav• trace element contents in different " Effective Fu)| Power days, ity", J. Heat 8 Fluid Flow 21(2000) brands of chewing-gums",J. Radio- June2001\ 675. anal. Nucl. Chem. 243(2000)683. 47. ZuHiqar Ali, " Repair of High pres- 60. G. Shabbir, A. Magsood and C.A. 76. Y. Miyamoto et al.,"Mmor and trace sure feed heater # 5, March 2001", Majid, "Themwphysical properties of element determination of food spices consolidated porous rocks", J. Phys. and pulses of different origins by PHYSICAL SCIENCES 033(2000)658. NAA and PAA",J. Radioanal, Nucl. it 61. E. Ahmad, et al, "Effect of micro- Chem 243(2000)747 at ENGINEERING voids on the tensile properties of 77. A. All et at., "Copper determination dual-phase steel" ,J. Mat Eng Per• by flow injection on-line sorbent Papers in Journals formance 9(2000)306. preconcentration coupled with flame 62. M J. Akhtar et al, "Synthesis and atomic absorption spectrometry us• characterization of YBa 0ujj Sb t07 48. M. Zamin, T, Shebeen and G.B. 2 1 J ing 1,10- phenarittiroline", Lab. Shah, "Uptake of Strontium-SO onto high-temperature Superconductors', Robo. Auto., 12(2000)97. Silicon Antimonate Composites", Supercond" Sci. chnol. 13(2000) 78. A Ail et at, "Iron determination after Main Group Met Chem_ 23(2000) 1612. on-line sorbent preconcentration by 525. 63 A.Ahmad, M. Ahmad >np,nf J-1 and 2 unmagnetized plasmas", Phys. Rev 80. S.M- Hasany, M. M. Saeed and M aytoionizing Rydberg levels oftin", J. E62(2000)1155. Ahmed, "Adsorption isotherms and Phys. 833(2000)3729. 65. K.M. Khan, A Basitand K. Yaldram, thermodynamic profile of Co(M)-SCN 51. U. Rehman et al., "Mosses as indica• "Effect of the ratio of reactants on comptex uptake on polyurethane tors of atmospheric pollution of trace the phase diagram of heterogeneous foam", Sep. Sci. Technol, 35(2000) metals (Cd, Cu, Pb, Mn and Zn) in catalytic reaction' a Monte-Carlo 379. the vicinity of $oa)-ftred brickkilns in simulation study", Surf. Set. 469 81. S.M. Hasany, M.M. Saeed and M. Ahmed "Separation of radionuclides north-eastern suburbs of Islamabad", (2000)65. r J. Radtoanal. Nucl. Chem. 24© 66 K.M. Khan. "The influence of subsur• by poiyurethane foam", J. Radioanal. (2000)331. face oxygen in monomer-dimer cata• Nucl. Chem. 248(2000)581. 52, M. Hanff et al, "Laser optogalvanic lytic reaction. A MdrtteCarto study", 82. M.l Sajjad et al., "Environmental spectroscopy of 5p5nf J = 1-5 even- Surf Sci. 470(2000)155. Isotopic and geochemica! study of parity Rydberg levels of xen", J. 67 N. Ahmad and K M. Khan, groundwater saltnizahon in Rechna Phys B: At Mol. Opt Phys. 33 "Subsurface oxygen in monomer- Doab", J. Nucl. Sci. 37(2000)273. 83 M.A. Rarta et al "Thermal annealing (2000)4647. dimer catalytic reaction: influence of v second and third nearest neighbour- of fission fragment radiation damage 53. S.Rehman et al., "Quantitative esti• 11 mation of Bi(il), Hg(ll) and Si((V) with nopd", Chem Phys. 263(2000)339. in CR-39 , tiucl. Instr. & Meth. B170 68. W. Bahng et at, "Rapid enlargement (2Q0Q)14&. 47 64. S, ManzooretaL, "Charge identifica• the melt-spun Nd(Fe8)n alloys". J. sources of heavy metals in house tion in CR-39 nuclear track detector Alloys & Compounds 327(2001)31. dust*, J. Radbanal.& Nucl. Chem. using relatfvistic lead ton fragmenta• 1G&J.I. Akhter et aL, "Effect of ageing on 247(2001)145 tion*. Ntie). Instr. & Meth. A453 the hardness and impact properties 116LS. Waheed et al ,* Uhfczafiori of low {2000)525. of Hastelloy C-276", J. Mat. Sci. power reactor for INAA of 40 ele• 85. Dekhissi et at, "Fragmentation stud• Lett 20(2001)333 ments in coal", Radfochem. Acta 89 ies of 158 A GeV Pb ions using CR- 101.S. Mahmood, Q. Hague and H. [2001)425. 39 nuclear track detectors*, Nucl Saleem, "Low frequency electromag• 117.J. Akhtar, S. K Durrani and N. A Pfiy. A662(2000)207, netic instability in unmagnettzed m- Chughtai," Determination of mi- 86. M. Ambrosio et al, "The MACRO homogeneous dusty plasma*. Chi• croamount of Carbon in selected collaboration, Search for magnetic nese Phys. Lett. 18(2001 )40£ samples of Iron, Steel, Ferro-Alloys rnortopoles with nuclear track detec• 102.H. SaieOrrt and a Haque, "Role of and metal powder", J. Chem. Soc, tors1', Nucl. Phy. BfProc Suppl.) 85 quasineutrality in drift waves", Pftys. Pak. 22(2000)191. (2000)227. Plasmas 8(2001)368. 11 SAQuresht et al., "Thermotectonic 87 M. Ambrosio et at, "The MACRO 103.K. M, Khan et al., "Precursor mecha• history of Loe Shilman Carbonatite collaboration.Search for massive nism for a dimer-dimer catalytic re• Complex, NW Pakistan, based on rare particles with the MACRO de• action on the surface of square lat• fission-track dating of apatite and tector at Gran Sasso", Nucl. Phy. B tice: A Monte-Carlo simulation other radiometric ages", Geol, Bull fSuppi) 85(2000)221. study*, Surf. Sci 78(2001)481. Punjab Univ. 33(2000)105. 88. M, Ambrosio et al, "The MACRO 104.H. Saleem and Q. Haque. 119.A,Qureshi et al., "Geology and eco• collaboration, Nucleartte search with "Response to comment on "Role of nomic significance of the Loe- the MACRO detector at Gran quasineutrality in drift waves", Phys. Shilman CartJonattte Complex, Khy- Sasso", The Eur. Phys, J. C13(2OO0) Plasmas 8(2001)3522. ber Agency Pakistan", GEOLOGICA, 453, 105.K. M. Khan and N. Ahmed, "A Monte 5(2000)133. 89 M. Zamin, T. Shaheen and G.B Carlo simulation study for the cata• 120,R. Shaheen and M. J. Akhtar," Su• Shah, "Uptake of Nickel-63 onto Sili• lytic formation of ammonia", Chem. perconducting and structural proper• con Antimonate structures", Main Phys. Lett 339(2001)179. ties of Sb doped YBa^ujOr-high-Te Group Met Chem. 24(2001)27 106.T. Kato et al„ "In-situ observation of superconductors", The Nucleus 37 90 T, Shaheen, M. Zamin and S. Khan, silicon carbide sublimation growth by (2000)1. "Uptake of Sircntium-^O by Zirco• x-ray topography", J. Gryst. Growth 121. S_ K. Durrani et al., "Physico- nium Phosphate gels', Main Group 222(2001)579. chemicai studies of Sjlcoalu- Met Chem. 24(2001)351 107.M. N. Khan et al., "Thermoelectric minophousphate mlcroporous mate• 91. T Shaheen, M. Zamin and M. Ah• properties of Nb doped hexagonal rials-. The Nucleus 37(2000)35. med, "Fixation of Caestum-137 onto barium titanate", Mat Letts., 47 122, J, Akhtar et al., "Preparation and stn- styrene-divinylbenzene cation ex• (2001)95. tenng studies of Yttna doped Zlrco- change resins* ,Main Group Met. 108.S.M. Hasany, M.M. Saeed and M. nta powder", The Nucleus 37(2000) Crtem 24(2001)421. Ahmed, "Sorption of traces of silver 45. 92. MA Malik, A. Ghaffar and SA. ions onto polyurethane foam from 123 J. Bashir et at, "Xrray powder dif• Malik, "Water purification by electri• aqueous acidic solution' Talanta. 54 fraction analysis of crystal structure cal discharges", Plasma Sources (2001)89. of Lanthanum Orthovanadate", The Sd &Tech. 10(2001)82, 109.S. Waheed etal., "Instrumental neu• Nucleus 37(2000)119 93. M Z Haq, M. Arshati and a tron activation analysts of estuarine 124 W. Ahmad and KM.Khan," Dimer- Rehman, "Synthesis, spectroscopy sediment as a proposed reference dimer catalytic surface reaction with novel-a-pyrazolylglycine derivatives1', material for environmental studies", precursor mechanism", The Nucleus 4 Chin. ebem. Soc 48( 2001 )45 Geostartdards Newslett 25(2001) 37(2000)125. 94. P. Akhter, M. Aslam and S.D. Orif, 137. 125 M. J- Akhtar, R. Shaheen and J A. "Evaluation of body mass index for a- 110.E. U Khan et al., "Emission of inter• A Khan," Structural studies of Bi-

reference Pakistani man and mediate mass fragments in the based high-Te superconducting ox• woman", Health Phys. USA 80 heavy ion interaction of (14.0 MeV/ ides by employing X-ray absorption (2001)274. N)Pb+", Nud. Phys A690(2OO1)723. techniques", The Nucleus 37(2000) 95 K. Khan and KM. Khan. 'Natural 111.K. Jamil and S. Ali, "Estimation of 131 gamma emi$ng radionuclides th Radon concemratfons in coal mines 126 J Bashir et at, "Upgradation of the Pakistani Portland cement". J. Appl. using hybrid-techniques, calibration •triple axis neutron spectrometer in• Rad & Isotopes (UK), 54(2001)861. curve", J Environ, Radloact 54 stalled at PARR-1", The Nucleus 37 96. M. Kftatid, A Mushtaq and M-Z. (2001)61. (2000)138. Iqbal, "Sorption of Tungsten (VI) and tlZMlA Farooq et aL, "Study of elastic 127.S.M. Hasany, "Inorganic lon- Rhenium (VII) on various ion ex• scatter! ng-and reaction cross section exchangers for the treatment and change materials", Sep. Sci. Tech of (8.5 MeV/u) ,5RXe ions with Lead disposal of industrial effluents",The 86(2001)294. target", Rad. Mea 33(2001)157. Nucleus 37(2000)187. 97. AHussain et al, ° Remote sensing 113.M.A, Rana et at," Activation energy 12,8 M.I. Sajjad fit aL, "Nuclear facilities for flow induced vibration In the for the annealing of nudear tracks in at RIAD for environmental applica• PARR-1 core assembly", Nucl. Eng SSNTD", Nuel. Instr. & Meth. B179 tions'. The Nucleus 37(2000)197. & Design 205(2001)323 (2001)249, 129.R. Bital, S. Rjoohr, and K. A Abbas," 98. S Ahmad and M.N. Akhtar, "The 114.S. M. Hasany and M. K Chaudha/y," Breast milk Intake and infant role of kinetic and potential sputter• Evaluation of sorption affinity of Cd growth', The Nucleus 37(2000)213. ing in the regeneration of the soot", (II) to Haro river sand from aqueous 13Q.R. Bital," Application of nuclear tech• Appl. Phys. Lett 78(2001)1499. solutions", J. Radiortal. Nucl. Chem. niques for the study of living re• 99. M.Siddique, M Shafj, and N.M. 247(2001)335. sources', TheNuGleus37(2000)219 Butt, " M6ssbauer spectroscopy of 115 N. Jabeen et al," Levels and 131,A.Rahman at al., " Essential trace 48 elements in dietary articles", The ration ARS Seperatoria, 2000, Kendal, UK, from 14-18 May, 2001. Nucleus 37(2000)223. Borowno, Poland, 14-17 June, 2000. 155.R. Bilal, S. Roohi, T.P. Tiridad, "In- 132. T. f'hmad, and R. Bilal," Iron fortifi- 146.R. M. Qureshi, " Baseline studies on vitro bioavailability studies of Fe forti- I cation of food: A strategy fpr control harmful Algal Bloom (HAB) concerns fied wheat flour" All Pakistan Food of iron deficiency Anemia", The Nu- in marine coastal environment of Science Confer~nce held at Agri. cleus 38(2001 )1. Pakistan", IAEA/RCA Regional Univ. Faisalabad, November, 2000. Meeting (RAS/8/080) to Assess Na- 156.M. Akram et al.," Processing of Paki- Reports tional Programs on Harmful Algal stani Carbonatites for the extraction Blooms, Qingdao, China, 3-7 July, of rare earths", Third International 133.R. Bilal, K.A. Abbas and S. Roohi, " 2000. Seminar on Engineering Materials & Establishment and application of 147.K. Jamil et al., "Development of ra- Metallurgy, Karachi, 13-14 Novem- Deuterium dilution method for meas- don pollution monitoring technique in ber, 2000. uring breast milk intake in Pakistani drinking water using SSNTDs", 20th 157.S.N. Husaini et al.," Application of infants", IAEA-NAHRES-48(2000)54. International Conference on Nuclear ion track micro-filters in the chemical 134.K.L. Ali et al., .Proposal for R & D Tracks in Solids, held in SlOvenia, and bio-medical sciences", 8th Na- .and manufacture of LEU fuel for from 28 August -01 September, tional Symposium on Frontier in PARR-I", PINST -NMD/MDCP-27 2000. Physics, Lahore, Pakistan, 20-22 (2000). 148.E.U. Khan et al.," Heavy ion interac- November, 2000. 135.N. Ahmed et al.," Proposal for R & D tion of (1r4.0 MeV/N) Pb + U, ibid. 158.E.U. Khan, I.E. Qureshi, M. Sajid, M. on ecbnomical production of nuclear 149.M. Ahmad et al.," Application of iso- I. Shahzad, J.J. Baluch, F. Malik, S. grade Zirconium l:etrachloride from topic techniques for assessment of Karim, S.N. Husaini, S. Munir, H. Zircon by high pressure distillation", groundwater recharge and pollution Afridi and F. Rehman, "Experimental PINST -NMD/MDCP-28 (2000). in Lahore area", Assessment Work- reaction parameters of (14.2 MeV/u) 136.M. I. Sajjad, et al., " Activities of Ra- shop on IAEA/RCA Project RAS 238U interacting with natu", Ibid. diaton and Isotope Application Divi- 8/084, "Access to Clean Drinking 159.M. Siddique, M.Shafi and N.M. Butt, sion in 1999-2000",PINSTECH/ Water", Manila, Philippines, 9-13 Mossbauer effect and its applica- RIAD-69(COM) (2000). October, 2000. tions, Ibid. . 137. S. Roohi, R. Bilal, and Z. Latif," Deu- 150.A. Mashiatullah," Isotopic investiga~ 160.A. Ahmad et al., " Development of terium dilution method for determin- tions of saline water intrusion and low energy ion counting system us- ing the breast milk intake of babies", related impacts on potable. water ing plastic scintillate NE102", i.bid. PINSTECH-166 ((2000). quality in coastal aquifer of Karachi- 161.M. Iqbal, "Mechanical alloying of AI 138.M. Akram et at, "Digestion of Car- Pakistan", First CRP Meeting on and Zn", Ibid. .bonatites for the recovery of rare "Origin of Salinity and Impact on 162.S. Ahmad," Spectroscopy of the re- earth elements" PINST -NMD/ Fresh Ground Water Resources: generative soot", Ibid. MDCP-29 (2001). ' Optimization of Isotopic Tech,- 163.R. Ahmed," Some aspects of water 139.M. Akram et al., "Effect of free acidity niques", Vienna, Austria, 18-21 De- quality' control at PINSTECH, Is- in the chemical processing of Car- cember, 2000. lamabad", WHO Workshop on Na- bonatite rocks", PINST-NMD/MDCP- 151.S.M. Hasany and M.H. Chaudhary, tional Drinking Water Quality Guide- 30 (2001). "Sorption of Zn(ll) ions onto Haro lines, Lahore, 24-25 January, 2001. 140.M. F. Khan," Role of caging agent in river sand from aqueous solutions", 164.1. Fatima, J. H. Zaidi and M. Arif," the extraction of rare earths", PINST -XVlth International Analytical Sym- Measurement of toxic elements in NMD/MDCP-31 (2001). posium on Physico-chemical Method different species of fish along the 141.M. Akram et al., " Effect of stripping of Mixture Separation, ARS Sepera- Gwadar coast", Fifth International time and temperature on the unload- toria, 2001, Borowno, Poland, 20-23 Conference on "Trace Metals in the ing of rare earth from extracting January, 2001. Aquatic Environment", Nationallnsti- agent", PINST -NMD/MDCP-32 152.R. M. Qureshi, "Harmful Algal Bloom tute of Oceanography, Karachi, Paki- (2001). (HAB) issues in marine coastal envi- stan, 25-27 January, 2001. 142.M. Ahmad et al., " Study of lag time ronment of Pakistan, IAEA/RCA 165.S. Waheed, A. Rahman aRd S. of river Chenab between Marala and Workshop on "Modeling of Water Ahmad," Quality assurance for trace Khanki barrages using radioactive Quality and Validation using Radio- metal analysis in coastal and marine tracer techniques", PINSTECH-169 tracer Technique with Special Refer- sediments", Ibid. (2001). ence to Harmful Algal Bloom within 166.S. M. Hasany, and M. Ahmed," Poly- 143. M. Ahmad et aI.., " Study of seepage Ma~ila Bay", Manila, Philippines, 2-7 urethane foam. : An effective media losses from Rakh Branch Canal us- April, 2001. for accumulation of trace metals ing radiotracer technique", PIN- 153.M. Ahmad et aI.., "Use of environ- from the aqueous solutions", Ibid. STECH-170 (2001). mental isotopes for studying human 167.1. Fatima, J. H. Zaidi and S. Ahmad," ...144.N. Ahmad, M. Ahmad, and M.I. induced change in groundwater envi- Toxic elements in fish- an indicator Sajjad," Innovative technique for as- ronment in Lahore, Pakistan", Inter- of aquatic environment", Executive sessment of groundwater quality", national Conference on the Study of Management Seminar on "Clean PINSTECH -171 (2001). Environmental c;hange using Isotope Environment", Islamabad, Pakistan, Techniques, Vienna, Austria, 23 -27 27-28 February, 2001. Conference Presentations April,2001. 168.M. Ahmad et aI.., " Isotopic study of 154.A. Salahuddin, M. Israr, M. Hussain, shallow groundwater pollution in La- 145.S.M. Hasany and M. Ahmed, "Refurbishment of Pakistan Re- hore urban area", Ibid. "13 "Extraction of Europium from aque- se~rch React~r. (PARR-1) for 169.M.A. Tas~eem et al., C Isotope ous solutions with morin loaded poly- stainless steel lining of the reactor and chemical oxygen demand as an urethane foam" XVth I.nternational poor, Final Coordinated Research indicator of pollution along the River Analytical Symposium on Physico Meeti~g on the Decommissioning Ravi", Ibid. ." .. Chemical Method Of Mixture Sepa- Techniques for Research Reactors, 170.R. M. Qureshi, Stable Isotope ratios 49

, "i,,: --~ " ~- of total dissolved inorganic carbon 189.S, Ahmad et al., "Naneparticles of of CeHetatrichum tfoeosporioktes as indicators of pollution in Rawal Carbon", PPS Symposium on Phys• causing authracnose of mango and Lake, Simiy Lake and Khanpur ics in Industry, Karachi, June 2001. Fusarium Subgiutinans isolated mal• Lake", Ibid. formed inflorescence of mango", 171 R.M. Quresnt et al, 'Faecal Con• Conference Proceedings Pak. J. Phytopathoi. 12(2)- 134-136 form bacterial pollution in Rawal 202.Akhtar, KP. and S.S.Alam( 2000), " Lake, Islamabad", Ibid. 190.F. A Khalid, N. Hussain and AH. Powdery mildew disease of mango. 172.M.A. Tasneem et at., * Isotopic and Qureshi, * Mierostructural and com• A Review", Pak J. Biol Sciences. 3 hydrochemical study of the effect of positional changes at high tempera• (7): 1119-1122 tannery effluents on groundwater ture oxidation of stainless steel in 203.Akhtar. K,P et a!. (2000), "Screening quality in Kasjur area", Ibid. steam environment", 12* European of cotton mutants for the resistance 173, J, H. Zaidi," Global impacts of cross Congress on Electron Microscopy, against cotton leaf curl virus boundary migration of airborne ra• Brono, Czech Republic July 9-14, (CLCuVy, Pak- J Biol. Sciences. 3 dionuclides", Ibid (2000)1233-1234. (1): 91-94 174.S. Waheed, A. Rahman and S 191.M.N Khan et al.,' Surface morpho• 204.Akhtar, K, Rao, AR. and Ashraf.M. Ahmad, "Quality assurance for data logical studies of epitaxial grown 6H- (2000)," Morphological adaptation of credibility", ibid, SiC layers', Conference on Ultra seven mungbean ecotypes at vary• 175 R Tanwir, R Ahmed and M Z Low Power Devices, Japan,(2000) ing levels of water stress", Bangla• Iqbal, "Estimation of heavy and toxic 153-154. desh J. Agil. Res 25(2)- 367-373, metals (Zn,Cd, Pb.Cu) in waste wa• 192. R. Ahmed, " Water chemistry and 205 Akhtar M and Alam S M.(2001), " ter", ibid quality control", Training Workshop, Effect of incubation period on pnos- 176.V. Nisa and R Ahmed, " Levels of NCD/L-121, Islamabad, (2000)1- phate sorption from two P sources", Chromium in dnnking water and 190. Online J Biol. Sci.1 (3): 124-125 waste water", Ibid 193 M Siddique et at, " Study of mag• 206.Alam S.M, Lafif A and Zafar Iqbal 177.R. Ahmed," Problems in quality con• netic properties in Ni-Mn ferrites by ( 2000)," Response of two rice varie• trol of drinking water -for environ• Mossbauer spectroscopy", 6th Int ties to zinc as influenced by phos• mental pollutants", Ibid. Symp. on Advanced Matenals, Is• phorus application", Pak. J. Soil, Sci 178 R Ahmed, SA Qureshi and S lamabad, September 19-23, 1999 18. 87-94, Matik,"Determination of Ammonia t)y (2000)123-126. 207.Atam S M et ai. (2001), "Use of in• differential pulse voltammetry", Ibid 194. M. Nadeem and M J Akhtar," Static dustrial waste and bye-produets as a 179.N Khalid, M. Daud and S. Ahmad," computer simulation studies of some P source for improving crop produc• Immobilization of Cd^ from aqueous binary and ternary oxides\ ibid, 386- tion, II. Effect of source and rate of P media on minerals mixtures", Ibid, 391. application on growth and P uptake 180.S Rahman, N. Khalid and S. 195.J.1. AXhter and Z.H Jm," Super cool• by six crop species", Pak J, Biol. Ahmad," Monitoring of lead levels in ing in confined Pb films", ibid 504- Sci 4(5): 593-596. food colours and spices using atomic 507. 208.Afam S.M., Zafar Iqbal and Latrf A absorption spectrophotometery", 196 M. Ahmad et al., " Microstructura! (2000), "Effect of boron application Ibid. study of electron beam welded joint with or without zinc on the yield of 181.S. M Hasany. M.M. Saeed and M of zircaloy-4 and stainless steel", " wheat", Pale J_ Soil Sci. 18: 95-98 Ahmed, "Accumulation and adsorp• ibid, 333-336. 2Q9 Alam, S.M .et ai (2001), "Effect of tion isotherms of Selenium- 197.AK.& Aqili et al., " Zn Te thin films applied and residual phosphorus thtocyanate complex onto Polyure- prepared by two, sources evapora• from two sources on three crop spe• thane foam", Ist International and tion method", ibid 525-528. cies", Online J Biol. Sci. 1(7) 551- 11th Chemistry Conference, Pesha• 198.J. Akhter et al.." Studies on Y2CV 553. war, Pakistan, 10-14 April, 2000. doped ZrQ2 thin films on mild stee! 210.Asghar, M. and D S. Brar (2000), 182.V, Nisa & R. Ahmed, "Determination by dip coating using a sot-gel proc• "An improved method for Genomic, of Chromium in drinking and waste ess", ibid, 544-548. in situ hybridization in Ortza spe• water by differential pulse adsorptive 199.S.K. Durrani et aL, " Hydrothermal cies", Pak J Bict. So. 3(10)- 1801- stripping vottammetry", Ibid synthesis of silica rich zeolites and 1604. 183.R. Tanwir, R. Ahmed & M Z Iqbal," microporous materials', ibid ,144- 211.Asghar, M. A R Rao and S.Farooq Evaluation of toxic and essential 150. (2001), "Evidence of homologous metals in gall bladder stones", Ibid relationship between chromosomes 184.R. Ahmed, 5 A, Qureshi & V. Nlsa," AGRICULTURE of wheat and Aeg/fops genfcuIatsT, Determination of Vitamin - C & Pak. J. Biol. Sci 4(4): 411-413. (Ascorbic acid) by differentia] pulse 212.Asi, M. Rafiquei et al. (2000) ."Thin vottammetry", Ibid. BIOLOGY layer Chromatography: A Simple, 185 R. Ahmed. " Speetation studies of Reliable Technique for the Determi• heavy and toxic metals in water by Booklet nation of Pesticide Residue m Envi• electrochemical methods". Ibid. 200 Nisar Memon, Syed Khursbeed H. ronmental Samples", P.J Anal. 186JVLS. Subham et aL, "Electro-kinetic Shah and others. New technologies Chem, 1:10-13. studies of first Electro-reduction of for GOtton production. A booklet pub• 213Aslam, M and MT, Elahf (2000), Methylviologen Dication at hanging lished by Directorate of Information "Evaluation and Screening of Local mercury drop electrode*, Ibid. and Agnculture Extension. Govern• Germptasm of Cotton under Joint 1&7.R. Ahmad, "Pollution in river Swat', ment of Sindh. Project on the Development of Leaf Ibid Curl virus Tolerant Varieties of Cot• 188 M. M Ishfaq, M. Jehangir," Calcula• Papers in Journals ton", Pak. J Biological Science 3(4): tion of generator parameters tn 636-638. ^Mo - Tc system using Basic-Gw 201.Akhtar,KP(2000), "Fresh potato ex• 214 Aslam, M. (2O00) Utilization of Pollen 3 20 software", Ibid. tract the best source for the growth Irradiation Technique for the Im- 50 provement of G.hirsutum ",Pak J DNA sequence in situ hybridization", Pakistan Journal of Biological Sci• Biol Sci 3(11) 1814-1816. Theor Appl Genet. 101, 1173-1179 ences. Supp., issue 1,23-25 (2001). 215 Aslam, M , D Hussain and Y., Zafai 228.lqbal, Z et ai (2001)," Effect of re• 241 Bibi, N et al (2000)," Phenolics and (2000) "Molecular anlaysis of macro- peated use of pesticides on sort de• physicochemical characteristics of injected Cotton Plants through hydrogenase activity in cotton fells", persimmon during post-harvest stor• RAPD markers", Pak J. Biol. Sci 3 Pak, J Soil Sci 19. 59-65. age", Die Nahrung. 45(2). (12)' 2203-2205 229.lqbal Z, Rashid Ahmed and Attaf 242 Aurangzeb, A Sattar (2000)," Effect 216 Aslam M. et al (2000), "Identification Hussain (2000), "Studies on Rice of pre-post-extraction autoclaving on of molecular markers linked to leaf Varieties Using Direct Thermal the nutritional value of rapeseed curl times disease resistance in cot• Analysis Gas Chromatography", meal on broiler chicks", Arch Geflu- ton", J Sci (I R Iran) 11(4). 277- Pakistan Journal of Biological Sci• gelk (European poultry Sci.) 64 (1) 280 ences 3(4) 683-684. 19-23. 217,Azam F(2001), "Legume-bacterium 230.Jamil F F et at. (2000), "Genetic and 243, M Jan, A Sattar, F. Mahmood and (Rhizobium} association - symbiosis, pathogenic diversity within Ascohyta Y Ali(2000) /Chemical and techno• a marriage of convenience, neces• rabn (pass) lab population in Paki• logical evaluation of fortified wheat sary evil OR bacterium taken hos• stan causing blight of chickpea bread (chapati) with oilseed flour", tage by the legume", Pak. J Biol (C/cer anetinum L.) physiological Sarhad J. Agric. 16(1): 85-88 Set 4, 757-781 and molecular plant pathology 76 244 M. Khan et al. (2000) ."Occurrence 218 Azam F and Farooq S (2001)," Im• (6) 243-254. of Pathogenic Micro-organisms In

pact of elevated atmospheric COz on 231 Khan, J A. F.F Jarni and M A GJ1 Food and Water Samples in Differ• crop plants - an over view", Pak J (2000), "Screening of rice germ- ent Areas of NWFP*. Pak. J. Food Biol. Sci. 4: 220-224 plasm against bakanae and bacterial Sci. 10(3-4}' 37^10. 219 Azam, Fet al (2001),"Release, move• leaf blight", Pak. J Phytopathol 12 245 M. Jan et al (2000), "Chemical and ment and recovery of 3,4 dimethyl (10) 6-11. Technological Evaluation of Fortified prayzole phosphate (DMPP), ammo• 232.Alam, S.M.(2001)," Influence of leaf Wheat Bread (Chapati) with Oilseed nium, and nitrate from stabilized ni• extract of Bermuda grass (Cynodon Flours" Sarhad J Agric. Vol. 16 (1) trogen fertilizer granules in a silty dacylon L.) on the germination and 85-88 clay oil under laboratory conditions", seedling growth of wheat", Wheat 246.Amanullah Jan,(2000), 'Impact of Biol FertiL Soils 34, 118-125. Infor. Service No. 92 pp 17-19 Intra-specific competition on the ag• 220 Haq, M A (2001), "CM 2000- A new 233.Alam S M (2001), "Influence of weed ronomic traits of wheat", Pak J. Biol high yielding and disease resistant seed scarlet pimpernel (Anagallis Sci 3(12) 2016-2019. variety of kabuii chickpea released in arvensis) on wheat seedling growth", 247 Ali,l(2001),"Microsporemutagen- Pakistan", SAIL Newsletter, 11 Balochistan J. Agric Sci.l{2)'45-47. Esis in Brasstca napus", EUCARPIA, 221 Haq M A .Mahmudul Hassan and 234 Alarn, S M. and R Ansari (2001), Cruciferea Newsletter, FRANCE, Mr M Sadiq (2001), "CM 88" - A multiple "Influence of iron and manganese on 23, 70-71 disease resistant chickpea mutant the growth and contents of Fe, Mn 250 All, I. (2000)'."Mutant hetrosis in oil• •variety". Mutation Breeding Newslet• and P in Rice". Pak J Bio Sci. 1 seed rape. EUCARPfA (FRANCE) ter IAEA, Vienna 45' 5 (6). 434-435. Cruciferea Newsletter 22 67-68 222 Hussain, A et al (2001), "Impact of 235Alam, SM, R Ansari and MA 251 Shah, S J (2000), "Losses induced pesticide applications in cotton agro- Khan et al (2001), "Effect of seed of by Atternaria blight in yield and oil of ecosystem and soil bioacti'vity stud• sweet clover (Mefflotus tndica, L) . rape and mustard in Pakistan ies II Microbial populations", Online weed and NaCI on seedling growth "EUCARPIA (FRANCE) cruciferea Journal of Biological Sciences 1(7) of rice", Pak. J Bio. Sci 1 (6) 438- Newsletter 22 61^62. 640-644 439. 252 Khattak, G S SX2000), "Inhentance 223 Hussain A et al (2001), "Impact of 236.Khan, MA, and S.M Alam (2001),' of plant and flower bud colour in pesticide applications in cotton Seed - an essential agricultural input mungbean (Vigna radiata (L) agraecosystem and soil bioacttvrty in crop productivity", Pak J , Econo• Wilczek),Songklanakann J. Sci studies II Nitrification dynamics", mist and management (AMt-lgra Techno! 22(2) 249-251, (Thai I and). Pakistan Journal of Biological Sci• University, Karachi) Apnl-June pp, 253 Khattak, G S SJ^OOO). " Effect of ences 4(5): 588-592. 28-29 Mungbean Yellow Mosaic Virus 224 Hussatrt Altaf, Muhammad Rafique 237.Khanzada, B et al.(2001), "The (MYMV) on Yield and Yield Compo• As! and Zafar fgbai growth and mineral composition of nents of Mungbean {Vigna radiata (2001) ."Dissipation and degradation Bajra (Pennssetum typhoideum (L) Wilczek)", J (Nat Set) 34 12- of 14C-DDT in Tandojam (Sindh) soil L.) grown under Nad stress", Pak. 16 under field conditions", Pak. J Anal. J. Bio. Sci (Karachi), Vol I pp. 60- 254 Khattak, G. S. S(2000), "Inheritance Chem. 2(1). 14-18, 62 of hypocotyl color and pubescence 225 Iqbal, M. Mohsin et ai, (2001), "A 238 Mukhtiar Ali (2000), "Phosphorus in mungbean (Vigna radiata (L)" J. marker for seedlessness in kinnow mineralization in some soil series of Sci. 11(2)- 79-81 mandann.Pakistan Journal of Bio• Peshawar valley. Pak. Journal of 255 Khattak, G. S S_et al. (2000), " Ge• logical Sci ence 4(1). 69. Soil Science Vol. 18* 13-18, 2000. netics of mungbean yellow mosaic 226 Igbal, N, and S Farooq (2000), 239.Shirazi, M,U et al (2001), "Seasonal vims (MYMV) in mungbean {Vigna "Inter-mtraspecific vanations in wild nutrients vanations in two acacia radiata (L) Wilczek)", J Genet & rice species detected through species growing under saline envi- Breed. 54: 237-243, (Italy) iso7yme markers Pakistan Journal ronmenf, Pakistan Journal of Bio• 256 Khattak, G S, S^st al. (2001), of Biological Sci ence 4: 422-424 logical Sci ence 4(5)514-517 "Genetic architecture of secondary 227 Iqbal N et al (2000), 240.KH Shah, M.Yousuf Memon and S yield components in mungbean "Characterization of AegSops unia- H. Sfddiqui (2001), "Evaluation of {Vigna radiata (L) Wilczek) ', nstata chromosomes by comparative fertigation technique for applying Breeding Science51 (3) 157-161, DNA marker analysis and repetitive phosphatic fertilizers in berseem", (Japan) 51 257,Khattak. S.U- et al. (2000), han and AM. Khan (Eds,) pp. 250 - nology forfood and agriculture. Paki• "Response of chickpea cultivars flour 261. stan Gulf and Economist (Karachi). to red flour beetle, Tribotium casta- 270Atem, S.M. et al(2000), ' Woody Vol. XIX. No 43 Oct 2339: 16-17. neum (Herbst)", Scientific Khyber 13 plant species for utilization ameliora• 284Alam. S M and R. Ansan. 2000. Ca- (2). 39-46. tion of high saline soil", Proc Inter. nola an important oilseed crop, Paki• 258 Khattak, S.U; A. Mazhar and M. Seminar on the Prospects for Biosa- stan Guff and Economist (Karachi). Shahid (2000), "Effect of different line Agriculture, held at NARC. Is• Vol. XIX No. 47. Nov. 20-26: 19. jdiets on development and radiosen- lamabad. 10-12 Aprtt, 2000. 285.Alam, S.M, 2000 Population growth sitfvity of red flour beetle, Trfooffum 271.Satwar, N. M.et al.(2000), 'Role of and Pakistan. 2000. Pakistan Guff castaneum (Herbst)"The Nucleus 37 peroxidase in chickpea; In "Plant and Economist (Karachi) Vol. XIX (1-2) 113-117. Disease of Economic Importance No. 52; 43-44. and their Management". Proc. 2nd 286.Alam, S.M,, R, Ansari and MA Conference Presentations Nail. Conf Pant Pathol. (Sept. 27 - Khan 2000. Land, water resources 29, 1999, University of Agn., Fais• and glaciers Pakistan and Gulf 259. Nafees Altaf and Javaid Iqbal, "Lentil alabad}, S.M. Khan, R. A. Chohan Economist (Karachi). Vol. XIX No. plant improvement through callus and AM. Khan (Eds) pp. 228 - 233. 48. Nov. 27-Dec. 3: 29-30. regeneration populations'. 7th na• 272.Jamil, F.F. et al. (2000), " Studies on 287.Alam, S.M 2000. Muslim countries tional, Botanical Conference , La• pathogenic and genetic vanabiiity in and their agriculture (Special Re• hore 14 -16 November, 2000. Ascocftyta raoiei population of Paki• port}. Pakistan Guff and Economist 260.Khan, MA et al., " Comparison of stan causing chickpea blight", Ibid. (Karachi). Vol XfX No. 49. Dec. 4- three germinating methods for seed• 10: 35-40. ling growth of wheat" ,lbrd. Popular Articles 288 Atam, S.M., MA. Khan and R. An• 261_Mujtaba, S.M., "Screening of seven sari 2000, Some important dams of genotypes of sorghum (Sorghum 273 Alam, SM., M. A Khan and R An• the world and Pakistan. (Spectal Re• bicolor L) under saline condition*, sari. 2000. Water crisis tn Pakistan port). Pakistan Guff and Economist Ibid. agriculture. Pakistan <5utf and (Karachi). Vol. XIX No 50. Vol XIX 262.Alam, S.M., " Effects of zinc and ni• Economist (Karachi). Vol. XIX. No N.-S0. Dec 11-17:15-17. trogen on the growth of rice", Ibid. 27. July 3-9 Page 29. 289.Atam, SM. 2000 Modem Biotech• 263,Aiam, S. M. et at, "AHetopathic po• 274. Alam, S.M. 2000. Agricultural fuels in nology for Food and Agriculture tential of barnyard grass crop productivity. Pakistan Gulf and Pakistan and Gulf Economist [Eohfaochfoa crusgaJli) seed and Economist (Karachi). Vol XIX. No_ (Karachi). October 23-29, 2000 NaCI against wheat {TrStcum assth 29. July 17-23. Page 29. 290.Alam, S.M,, Dr R Ansari 2000, Ca- vum L) Seedling growth*. Ibid 275 Alam, S M. and R. Ansari. 2000. The nola an important oilseed crop, Paki• 264.A)am,S.M et al.,"Effect of salt stress Genetic Engineering Technology. stan and Gulf Economist (Karachi) on growth and yield of different rice Pakistan and Gulf Economist November 20-26, 2000. genotypes", Ibid. (Karachi). July 24-30 Vol. XIX. No. 291 Atam, S.M., Dr R. Ansari and MA 268 Alam, S M et al ."Effect of different 30' 46-48. Khan 2000, Land, water resources sources of N fertilizers on the growth 276.Alam, S M. and M.A Khan 20D0. and glaciers, Pakistan and Gulf of wheat", Ibid Poultry larming in Pakistan. Pakistan Economist (Karachi) November 27 266 Ansari, R. et al. ,"Genetic enhance• and Gulf Economist (Karachi). Au• December 3, 2000. ment for salt tolerance in rice: Some gust 7-13. Vol XIX No. 32:18-19 292 Atam, S M. 2000. Muslim Countries physiological considerations", 4tt1 277 Alam, S.M, M.A Khan and R. An• and their Agriculture Pakistan and International rice genetics sympo• sari. 2000. Integrated Pest Manage• Gulf Economist (Karachi) December sium (abstracts), held in IRR1, Ma• ment in Cotton. Pakistan and Gulf 4-10. 2000. nila, Philippines 22-27 October, Economist (Karachi)- August 14-20, 293.Alam, S.M., MA Khan and R. An• 2000. Page No. 39 Vol. XJX. No 33:19-22. sari. 2000. Some important dams of 278.Alam, SM, R. Ansari and MA the world and Pakistan, Pakistan Conference Proceedings Khan 2000. Poultry diseases. Paki• and Gulf Economist (Karachi) De• stan and Guff Economist (Karachi). cember 11-17, 2000 294 Alam, S M , M A Khan. 2000. AH the 267.Ansan, R. et al. ."Trees as biological August 28-September 3., Vol. XIX. foods, the world requires. Pakistan pumps in waterlogged saline soils. No. 35: 44-45. and Gulf Economist (Karachi) De• Proa 2* National Seminar on 279.Alam, S.M. 2000. Agriculture sce• cember 25-31, 2000 "Drainage in Pakistan". Univ. of Ag• nario in South Asia. Pakistan and ric Faisalabad 18-19 April, 2001. Gulf Economist (Karachi). Septem• 295.Alam, S.M. 2000. Population growth pp. 409-417. ber 4-10., Vol. XIX No 36: 30-31. and Pakistan. Pakistan and Gulf Economist (Karachi), December 25- 268 Ansan, R et al. (2001), 'Afforestation 280.Alam, S,M 2000. Mendel's break 31,2000. of Problem land Proc National through In Genetics. Pakistan and Seminar," Prospective of forestry in Gulf Economist (Karachi). Septem• 296 Alam, S.M 2001. Crop-Jogging tech• New Millennium Apnl 17-19, Kara• ber 18- 24., Vol. XIX No 38: 44. nique in sugarcane. Pakistan and chi. Pakistan, pp. 99-102. 281 Alam, S.M. 2000. Challenges and Gulf Economist (Karachi) January 1- 14.2001, 269,Ahmad, M. and F.F. Jamil.(2000), vision for the future. Pakistan and "Standardization of Inoculation tech• Gulf Economist (Karachi). October 9- 297.A!am, S.M. 2001 Energy and agri• niques for red rot resistance in sug- 15, Vol. XIX No. 41:19-20 culture. Pakistan and Gulf Economist ^arcane; in "Plant Diseases of eco• 282.Alam, S.M and MA Khan. 2000. All (Karachi). January 22-28, 2001 nomic importance and management" the foods, the world requires. Paki• 298.Alam, S.M. 2001. Poverty phenome• Proc 2nd Natl Cbnf. Plant Pathol. stan Gulf and Economist (Karachi). non in Pakistan. Pakistan and Gulf (Sept 27 -29, 1999, Unfv. of Agn , Vol. XIX No. 52. Dec. 25.31. 37-38. Economist (Karachi) January22-28 Faisatabad). S,M. Khan, RA Cho- 283.Alam, S.M. 2000. Modem biotech• 299.A!am. S.M, and MA Khan. 2001. Radiation and food preservation. 52 Pakistan arid Gulf Economist 317.Afam, S.M. 2001. Agriculture in Bradyrhizobium spp. for nodulation (Karachi). January 29-February 4, 2001 Pakistan Gulf and Economist on Vtgna radiate', Blot. Fert. Soil 35 Vol. XX No. 4: pp. 18 (Karachi). May 21^kine 3. Vol. XX, (5) 382-386. 30U.AJam, S.M. 2001 Pakistan and eco• No. 21-23. pp. 21^26. 329. Haq ,1, et al(2001), "Mutation of As- nomic crops productivity. Pakistan 318.Alam, S M. and R. Ansari. 2001 Wa• pergillus niger for hyperproduction of and Gulf Economist (Karachi). ter crisis and "its management Paki• citric acid following fermentation of "February 12-18, Vol. XX. No. 8: pp, stan Gulf and Economist (Karachi). blackstrap molasses.". World J, Mi• '18 May 21-June 3. Vol, XX, No 21-23. crobiol. Biotechnol.17' 35-37. 301.Alam, S.M. MA Khan. 2001. Coun• pp. 26-30. 330.Khan, SAet at(2000), "Molecular tries of world and their total number 319.Alam, S-M. and R. Ansari- 2001. phytogeny of Gossypium species by of provinces. Insight February, pp. Global Warming. Pakistan Gulf and DNA fingerprinting. Theo Appl 20. Economist (Karachi). June 11 - June Genet 101 (5/6) 931-938. SOZAlam. S.M., and M A Khan. 2000 17. Vol. XX, No. 24. pp. 39-41 33LLafif, F. and M.I. Rajoka (2001), Wheat - An important agricultural 320.Alam, 5.M. and MA Khan. 2001. "Production of ethanol and xylrtdl crop of Pakistan. Foodage, Mango- An important fruit of Paki• from com cobs by yeasts", Biore- 303,Alam, S.M. 20Q0. Wheat statistics stan Pakistan Gulf and Economist source Technol. 77:57-63. (Pakistan). Foodage. Feb-March. (Karachi) June 25-July I, Vol XX. 332 Maenpaa, P. et al. (2000), "The ycf 9 Vol. 1. pp. 3-4. No,26.36. (off 62) gene in the chiefopiast ge• 304.AIam, S.M. 2000 Wheat (Editorial 321.Shereen, A, R. Ansari and Alam, S. nome encodes a hydrophobic pro• Portion). Foodage, Vol 1. pp. 1 M. 2001 Fresh water in future per• tein of stromal thylakokl mem- 305.Alam, S.M 2000, Saline agriculture: spective. Pakistan Gulf and Econo• branes.",J. Exp. Bot. 51,375-382. causes and management. Dawn mist (Karachi). June 4 - June 10. 333 Mansoor, S. et al. (2000)," Evidence economic and Business review, Vol. XX, No. 23. pp. 43-44. that watermelon leaf curl disease in March 19-25, 2000. 322.Haji Khan, Syed Khursheed H. Pakistan is associated with tomato 306.Aiam, S.M. 2001 Pakistan - A brief Shah, Khalt K KamanI and Abdul leaf curl virus-india, a bipartite bego- profile with special reference to agri• Wahid Soomro. Fertilizers recom• movirus*. Plant Disease. 84:102. culture. Insight Islamabad). April mendations for cotton. Monthly 334 Mansoor, S. et al (2000)," Associa• 2001. pp. 21-22 Sindh Zarat No. 112, 8-9(2001). tion of a Begomovirus and Nanovi- 3C7.Alam, S.M and R, Ansari. 2001 Hy• 323.War Memon, S. M. Yaseen, Syed rus-like molecule with Ageratum yel• droponics - its history and use in bar• Khursrreed H. Shah. Mukhtar Ahmed low vein disease in Pakistan*, Plant ren land Pak and Gulf Economists and Abdul Wahid Soomro. New Disease. 84: 101 (Karachi) Apnl 9-15, 2001. Vol XX strategies of water management for 33&.Mehnaz, S, et al (2001), "Isolation No, 15. pp. 20-23. cotton in Sindh. Monthly Sindh Zarat, and 16Sr RNA sequences analysis 308,Alam, S.M. and MA Khan. 2001. No 112,6-8(2001). of the beneficial bacteria from the Sugarcane cultivation, Pak. and Gulf rhizosphere of rice", Can. J Micro• Economists (Karachi). March 5-11, BIOTECHNOLOGY biol. 47:110-117. 2001 Vol. XX. No. 10. pp 16-19 & 336.Mirza, M. S. et al (2000), "Beneficial 309 Alam, S.M. 2001". Balanced use of effects of inoculated nitrogen fixing fertilizers. Pak. and Gulf Economists GENETIC ENGINEERING bacteria on rice". The Quest for Ni• (Karachi) Apnl 2-8, 2001 Vol. XX, trogen Fixation in Rice. Eds., J. K. No. 14 Papers in Journals Ladha and P. M. Reddy. Interna• 310.Alam, S.M. 2001 Difficult time for 324.Afeal, A.J et al. (2000), "Two simple tional Rice Research Institute (IRR1), agriculture. Pak. and Gulf Econo• and rapid methods for the detection Los Banos, Philippines, pp 191-204. mists (Karachi). April 10-22, Vol. XX. of polymer degrading enzymes on 337.Parvez, S. et al. (2000), "Influence of No 16. pp. 30-31. high resolution alkaline cold in sgu ammonium nitrate on citric acid and 311 Alam, S.M, and MA Khan. 2001, native (HiRACIN)-PAGE and high biomass production from sugar-cane Technology to increase food produc• resolution in situ inhibited native molasses by 2-deoxy-D-gSueose- tion FoodAge (Karachi) Feb-March, (HiRISlN)-PAGE". Biotechnol. Lett. resisiant mutant strain of Aspergillus 2001 22:957-960. niger.ln: Environment and Indutriat Biotechnology Ahmad, A, Khan, O, 312Alam, S.M. 2001 Some common 325Anwar1 MA et al. (2000), "Technical wheat diseases, Food Age Feb- communication Determination of Y., Qureshi, F.M. (Eds.)., Horizon March, 2001 Vol. 1, pp. 21T22. cuprous ions in bacteria) leachates Press Ltd , Lc-ndon, UKpp131-142. 313Alam, S.M. and MA Khan. 2001 and for environmental monitoring". 338.Rajoka, M.I, R. Tabassum and KA Growth and yield of cotton in the World Journal of Microbiology and Malik (1999), "Enhanced uptake rate country. Foodage. Vol 1, April-June, Biotechnology 16:135-138. of methanol and acetate for produc• 2001, pp. 22-24. 326-Ghauri, M. A(2000), "Bacterial pro• tion of methane in batch cultures 314.Alam, S.M. 2001 Some important file of a sandstone uranium heap set using a novel strain of Methano&ar- inventions and names of inventors. for bioleacning studies", Resource eina maze) which grows to high cell Pak Gulf and Economist (Karachi). and Environ Biotech,3' 1-9. densities", Bio. Technol. 71, 315- April 2-8,2001. Vol XX pp 44. 327.Hafeez, F Y., Shah, N, H and Malik, 319, 315 Alam, S.M, R Ansari, S.M. Mutaba K. A(2000)," Field evaluation of len• 339 Siddiqui, K.S et al. (1999), "Partial and A Shereen. 2001. Saline lands til genotypes, inoculated with Rhizo- and complete alteration of surface and rice. Pak. Gulf and Economist bium feguminosarum bv. viciae charges of carboxymethylcellu- (Karachi). Vol. XX. No. 17, R No. strains, for nitrogen fixation using 1SN lase by chemical modification: SS-189 April 23-29, 2001 pp.28-31 isotope dilution method", BioL Fert. thermostabillzation in water- 316.Alam, S.M. and R. Ansari. 2001 Soil. 31(1) 65-69. miscible organic solvent*, Enzyme Wheat - A staple food of Pakistan 328 Hafeez, F Y, Ahmad, T. and Malik, Microb. Technol 24 (8-9*559-608 Insight Islamabad May-June 2001 K. A(2001), "Competition between 340_Shah, N.H. et al. (2000), "Response Vol. 1, Issue No 11-12. pp. 10-11. effective and less-effective strains of of lentil to nitrogen and phosphorus 53 fertilizers and inoculation with Rfrtzch 386Hafeez> F. Y (2001), "Btofertilizer number of monopartfte begomovi- bium legumin osarum by viciae {BksPower): Development, use and ruses*, ibid strains", Aust J. Expt. Agri. 40(1): Economic Importance in Legumi• 396-Mansoor, S.et al.(20D1)," Analysts of 93-98. nous & Cereal Crop Jm Proceeding DNA 6 an essential component of 341.Stddiqui. K S. et at. (2008), of the D-8 Workshop on Alternate/ cotton leaf curl disease*, Ibid. "Carboxyl group modification signifi• Organic Fertilizers, 19-20 June. Is• 397,Mubeen, F. et al. (2000),"16S RNA cantly altered the kinetic properties lamabad, Pakistan. Sequence Analysts Used for the Iso• of purified carboxymethylceHulase 387 Hafeez, F.Y,, et ai. (2000)," Effect of lation and Identification of Different from ApergBlus niger*,. Enzyme Mi• indole acetic acid production by Rhizobial Strains", 7th Plant Science croti. Technol.27' 467-474. (Bradyfrhizobium on root coloniza• Conference, 14-16 November, La• 342.Zafar, Y (2001), 0Agricultural Bio• tion and growth of wheat', 8th Inter• hore technology: Country Case Studies- A national Symposium on Nitrogen 398.Naeem.Fet al (2000)," Ultrastructural Decade of Development, Ed, by Fixation with Non-Legumes, 3-7 De• studies of Pisurn sativum root nod• Gabrtelle J. Presley and L Reginald cember, University of Sydney, Aus• ules under low temperature stress", Maclntyre, Pub CABl publishing , tralia. Ibid. CAB International, U.K.: Chapter; 388Hafeez, F.Y. et al. (2001), 399,Sardar. R. et aL (2000), " Phytohor- Pakistan "Biofertilizers for Sustainable Agricul• mone production by (Brady) 343.Khan Q. M. et al. (2000), "Detection ture*, National workshop on Tech• rhtzobium Strains and their effect on of DNA damage by the comet assay nologies for Sustainable Agriculture, nodulabon and nitrogen fixation in in MCL-5 cells exposed to extracts of 24-26 September, NIAB, Faisalabad, vigna radiata", Ibid. urban air particulate matter. Pakistan. 400,Yasmeen, S. et al. (2000)" Random "Mutagenesis* vol 15, No. 5, p-44. 389.Hameed, S., R. Sardar and F.Y. Amplified Polymorphic DNA (RAPD) Hafeez (2000), '{Brady) rhizabial technique for polymorphism among Abstracts published Polysaccharides for strain identifica• (Brady) rhizobium strains", Ibiet. tion and charactenzation",7th Plant 401 Noor, M. et al, (2001), "Removal of 381 Khalil &, R. Shahid and M L RajoKa Science Conference, 14-16 Novem• chromium using a water fern, (2000), 'Production of S- ber, Lahore. Azolla", CHEMCON 2000, Peshawar galactosidase by a thermotolerant 390.lqbai, N. et al. (2000), " Ultrastruc- April KJuyveromyces tnarximus. fermen• ture of Cotton (Gossypium hirsutum tation In: Abstrtacts 7lh National Con• L) Infected with Cotton Leaf Curl MEDICAL SCIENCES ference of Plant Scientists Novem• Virus", bid. ber 14-16. P. 22. 391.rshalid, Z, M„ Fariha Nazneen and Papers in Journals 382 Latif, F., Ml. Rajoka and SAII Mohammad Afzal (2000)," Microbial (2000), * Biotechnology in poultry Treatment of Effluent from Leather 402,Sher M Khan, et at, "Pattern of Ma• feed industry in* Abstracts 2nd Na• Tanning Industry", Third Biennial lignant tumours in children Hospital tional Conference on Poultry and Conference of Microbiology, PC", Based Study", JCPSP, Volume II Veterinary medicine, P.C. Lahore, Lahore Organised by Pakistan Soci• No.3, Jan. 2001 P. 82 ety of Microbiology and Centre of 403.Aakrfultah Khan et al, "Visualization 383.Rajoka, M.I., A Yasmtnand R, Sha• Excellence in Molecular Biology La• of Medullary Carcinoma Thyroid with hore March 28-30. locally formulated Tc99m (V) DMS hid (2000), "Repression, derepres• 131 sion and production of glucoaamy- 392,Khan Q. M. (2001), "Application of and comparison with I MIBG Scin• tigraphy", JCPSP, Volume, 11 No. 6 iase by Aspargftius ntger in sub• comet assay to detect DNA damage PP 394-316 June, 2001 merged fermentation In: Abstrtacts induced by urban air particulate of 7th National Conference of Rant Sci• Faisalabad cfty", Executive Manage• 404,Aakffullah Khan, et. al, "Role of entists- November 14-16, P. 21 ment Seminar on Clean Environ• Tc99' Methoxy Isonttrite Scintt mam• 384 Zafar, Y. (2000), "Plant Biotechnol• ment", Islamabad. 27-28 Jan. mography in the evaluation of palpa• ogy- Providing Biotech. Solutions to 393.Khan, Q.M. (2000), 'Single cell gel ble breast masses", JCPSP, Vol 10, No.5 May 2000 PR161-165 Agricultural Problems," Abstract pre• electrophoresis assay (Comet As• sented in OtC- COMSTECH meeting say) as biomarker of exposure to on Biotechnology for Development", genetically hazardous agents* Bien• Conference presentations Islamabad, Pakistan, 24-26 January, nial Conference of Microbiology, La• 2000 hore, March 28-30,2000 405 Nasim Begum, 'Trends in non- 394.Mansoor, S. et at (2001), melanoma skin cancers in NWFP"" Conference presentations "Understanding the role of DNA 8 m and Fata", 11th National Conference cotton leaf curl disease in Pakistan', of Radiological Society of Pakistan. 385 Rajoka, M I A., Hanif A Yasmin, R, 3* International geminMrus sympo• 406,Jawad Akhtar and Nasirn Begum, Shahid (2000)," HyperproducBon of sium at John Innes centre, Norwich, "Role of Granulocyte colony stimu• cellobiohydrolase by a mutant of As- UK, 24-28 July. lating factor in radiation Mucositis'*, Ibid. pergiifus Niger", Third biennial con• 395.Mansoort S. et al. (2001), "Diversity ference of Pakistan Society for Mi• of d DNA 6 a satellite molecule es• crobiology, Lahore, Pakistan. P.27, sential for symptom induction by a

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