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Capacity Building for Science and Technology (May 2003) 1 COMSATS’ Series of Publications on Science and Technology Capacity Building for Science and Technology May 2003 COMSATS Commission on Science and Technology for Sustainable Development in the South COMSATS Headquarters 4th floor, Shahrah-e-Jamhuriat, Sector G-5/2, Islamabad, Pakistan E-mail: [email protected], Website: www.comsats.org.pk Ph: (+92-51) 9214515, (+92-51) 9204892 Fax: (+92-51) 9216539 Capacity Building for Science and Technology Editors Dr. Hameed A. Khan Prof. Dr. M. M. Qurashi Engr. Tajammul Hussain Mr. Irfan Hayee Ms. Zainab H. Siddiqui Published: May 2003 Printed by: M/s Kamran Printers Copyright: COMSATS Headquarters No Part of this book may be reproduced or transmitted in any form or by any electronic means, including photocopy, xerography, recording, or by use of any information storage. The only excerptions are small sections that may be incorporated into book-reviews. This book is publihsed under the series title COMSATS’ Series of Publications on Science and Technology, and is number 1 of the series. Copies of the book may be ordered from : COMSATS Headquarters, 4th floor, Shahrah-e-Jamhuriat, Sector G-5/2, Islamabad, Pakistan E-mail: [email protected] Website: www.comsats.org.pk Ph: (+92-51) 9214515, (+92-51) 9204892 Fax: (+92-51) 9216539 Price: US$ 10 or equivalent, post-free Commission on Science and Technology for Sustainable Development in the South Capacity Building for Science and Technology CONTENTS PAGE # I PREFACE i 1 Support from Donor-Agencies: Optimal Use for Capacity-Building in 01 Developing Countries --- Tajammul Hussain and Hameed A. Khan 2 Local Research-Capacity Development in Uganda: Challenges and Prospects 23 --- Rugumire-Makuza Emmanuel 3 Emerging Directions of R&D Commercialization in PCSIR 30 --- Saeed Iqbal Zafar and Anwar ul Haq 4 S&T Capacity-Building for Sustainable Development in the Engineering and 37 Industrial Sectors --- Zahid Aziz 5 Causes of Industrial Failure and its Implications in NWFP 42 --- Muhammad Tariq and Jehangir Shah 6 Growth-Strategy for the Engineering Industry to Achieve Rapid Industrialization 46 and Economic Growth --- Javed Akhtar Paracha 7 Prospects of Utilizing Advanced Technologies for Sustainable Development 52 in Developing Countries --- Shahzad Alam, Shinya Sasaki and Anwar ul Haq 57 8 Capacity-Building in Bio-Medical Research in Pakistan --- Shahzad A. Mufti 9 Building of S&T Institutions for Sustainable Development 64 --- Nelofar Arshad 10 The Role of Universities in S&T Capacity-Building for Sustainable Development 70 --- Khalid Farooq Akbar 11 Energy Options for Pakistan in a Geological Perspective 73 --- S. Hasan Gauhar 12 Capacity-Building for Sustained Promotion and Dissemination of Biogas 76 Technology (BT) --- Majid ul Hassan 13 Development of Mineral-Based Industries 88 --- Izhar ul Haque Khan 14 ICTs for Development: Moving out of the Pakistani Paradox 100 --- Hasan Akhtar Rizvi 15 Correlation between Business and Domestic Information- 109 Technology—Need of the Hour --- Ahsan Mumtaz 16 Capacity-Constraints on E-Commerce in Pakistan 113 --- Naeem Ahmad 17 Capacity-Building for Sustainable Agricultural Development in Pakistan 118 --- Muhammad Afzal 18 Rationalization of National Agricultural Research System in Pakistan 126 --- S. Nasir Hussain Shah 19 Need for Capacity-Building on Health and Safety Parameters of Genetically 130 Modified Foods for Pakistan --- Hamid Ahmad and Shahnaz Hamid APPENDIX II Addresses by Guests of Honour: 140 H.E. Mr. A.D. Idris Waziri High Commissioner - Federal Republic of Nigeria to Pakistan III H.E. Mr. Zhang Chunxiang 141 Ambassador - People’s Republic of China to Pakistan IV Inaugural Address by the Chief Guest 143 Mr. Parvez Butt, H.I., S.I. Chairman, Pakistan Atomic Energy Commission V Concluding Address by the Chief Guest: 146 H.E. Dr. Awad Mohamed Hasan Ambassador - Republic of Sudan to Pakistan VI List of Participating Organizations 148 Summary and Recommendations of the Meeting VII 149 INDEX i Subject Index 157 ii Author Index 160 PREFACE COMSATS had organized a three day ‘Meeting on Science and Technology Capacity Building for Sustainable Development’, from the 19 to 21 February, 2003, at Islamabad. The meeting was attended by leading scholars and scientists, heads of various research and scientific institutions, representatives of local and foreign donor and development agencies, and eminent technologists from different fields. In the five technical sessions, namely Industry and Engineering; Geology & Energy; Human Resource; Information Technology and Agriculture, this meeting addressed some of the most contemporary and popularly debated concepts concerning socio-economic and environmental aspects of S&T Capacity Building of a nation. This book is a documentation of some of the selected technical papers presented at this meeting. The results are of pivotal importance for the effective building up of science and technology capacity in developing countries, in general, and Pakistan, in particular. Realizing this, COMSATS is publishing the proceedings of this meeting in the form of a book, which will be the first of a series of COMSATS S&T publications, aimed at making an appropriate impact in the S&T arena of Pakistan and other developing countries. I would like to express my sincere gratitude to Dr. Ishfaq Ahmad and Prof. Dr. Atta-ur-Rahman, for their generous guidance and continued support for COMSATS and their awareness of events has always been a source of inspiration for this organization to do better and better every passing year. The active participation of local and foreign participants and speakers was the essence of the success of this meeting and COMSATS wishes to thank them for their time, effort, interest and the contributions that they graciously made in this event. Acknowledgement is also deservedly due to the COMSATS team, that successfully organized this meeting and tirelessly contributed towards its success. I would particularly like to appreciate the efforts of Prof. Dr. M.M. Qurashi, the Editor of this publication, without whose input and guidance, this meaningful publication would not have been possible. Moreover, I would also like to acknowledge the efforts Mr. Irfan Hayee and Ms. Zainab Hussain Siddiqui for their effective collaboration in the compilation and editing of this document. Dr. Hameed Ahmed Khan (Executive Director, COMSATS) Capacity Building for Science and Technology i SUPPORT FROM DONOR-AGENCIES: OPTIMAL USE Tajammul Hussain* and FOR CAPACITY-BUILDING IN DEVELOPING COUNTRIES Hameed A. Khan** ABSTRACT INTRODUCTION Despite great efforts and investments to promote Despite great investment and effort to promote development, economic disparity between developed development, economic disparity between developed and developing countries has continued to grow. This and developing countries has continued to grow. In economic disparity is particularly apparent after the fact, the Gross National Product (GNP) of 80% of the collapse of Soviet Union. Developing countries world’s population has remained low, while the wealth suffered due to the change induced in the post colonial of the affluent 20% has increased. According to UNDP period, while the countries in transition are yet (1999), inequality has become greater at both the suffering from the effects of the post communist global and national levels. In 1997, 20% of the world’s period. The negative externalities of modern population in the richest countries accounted for 86% development in all these countries can only be avoided of global GDP, 82% of exports, 68% of foreign if adequate economic development takes place. investment, and 93% of internet users. These However, economic development should not be disparities between North and South were detrimental to the social and environmental sectors, complemented by increasingly apparent disparities as has often been the case in the past, unfortunately. between East and West, particularly after the collapse of the Soviet Union. Developing countries were and This concern and aspect of development was first still are, suffering from change induced in the post- denoted by the World Commission on Environment colonial period, while countries in transition were, and and Development through the term ‘Sustainable still are, suffering the effects of the post-communist Development’. In response to this concern, the concept period. Thus the curse of modern development in all of ‘Capacity-Building’ emerged in the later part of these countries can only be avoided if adequate 1970s. Though nearly after three decades, enormous economic development takes place. However, constraints to achieve effective capacities to promote economic development should not be detrimental to sustainable development yet remains, however, the social and environmental sectors, as has genuine signs of progress are evident. At present, unfortunately often been the case in the past. As a most countries have strategies for either prerequisite, technological and economic development environmental management or sustainable at the global level should not pose major risks. But development, and the global community has a even more urgent is the need for technologies and reasonable sense of what needs to be done, with regulatory systems that reduce and eventually remove respect to capacity-building for sustainable negative trends. Achieving this goal, however, requires development. new paradigms and approaches to development. This is true in any sector, including, for example, In this context,
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