Annual Report Pakistan Atomic Energy Commission

Annual Report r" • 2002-2003

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Pakistan Atomic Energy Commission

The submission of an Annual Report of Pakistan Atomic Energy Commission is a statutory requirement under the provisions of section 15(b) of the PAEC Ordinance, 1965. It's publication is aimed to document the achievements and concerted endeavours put in by all establishments and entities of PAEC towards the fulfilment of its programme.

The Commission records, with great appreciation and pride, the services rendered by all the scientists, engineers, technicians, administrative & financial managers, and their staff, whose untiring efforts and engagements have contributed to research oriented developmental programme undertaken by the Commission during the year 2002-2003.

(Dr. Khwaja Yaldram) Secretary Pakistan Atomic Energy Commission Islamabad

Contents

Highlights 1 nuclear Power 5

Physical Sciences and Engineering 11

Bio-Sciences 20 nuclear Minerals 34

Human Resource Development 38

Projects - 40

International Relations 42

Finance 44

Publications 46

HIGHLIGHTS

NUCLEAR POWER 1000 outside personnel participated is gradually attaining the status of in Refueling Outage-1 (RFO-1). centre for diagnostic vibration analysis From July, 2002 to June, 2003 Kara- of moving components of machinery. chi Nuclear Power Plant, KANUPP The Applied Systems Analysis Group generated a total of 236 GWh which ASAG contributed in the preparation NUCLEAR SCIENCE raised the cumulative generation of PC-I document for the second unit of & since Net Power Date (NPD) to Chashma Nuclear Power Plant (C-2). 10,736.46 GWh. The total on-line TECHNOLOGY time of turbo generator during the In order to obtain approval from the reporting period was 3,167.53 hours Government of Pakistan (GOP), Reactor Operations members of the Group interacted which raised the cumulative running & Experiments time upto 30th June, 2003 to with the relevant Departments of 152,430.76 hours. The gross capac- GOP and also assisted the senior management of PAEC in the high- Pakistan Research Reactor (PARR- ity and availability factors during the 1) was operated for 420 hours pro- period were 19% & 36% respec- level meetings related to C-2. The Group also contributed in the nego- ducing 3105 MWh of thermal energy. tively. Life time average figures for Five hundred and sixty nine capsules these are 29% and 56% respectively. tiations for C-2 related to cost and financial aspects. containing different samples were irradiated. Chashma Nuclear Power Plant, Analytical engineering studies re- CHASNUPP generated a total of lated to the Pressurized Water Reac- Pakistan Research Reactor (PARR- 1503 GWh of electrical output with tors (PW/Rs) remained the mainstay 2) was operated for 133 hours pro- 1386 GWh of it exported to WAPDA. of Institute of Nuclear Power, INUP's ducing 3868 KWh of thermal energy. The total on line time of the Turbine- activities. The work assignments re- Number of samples irradiated was Generator was 5243 hours thus rais- lated mainly to the areas of reactor 1234. Quality of reactor vessel/pool ing the on line time of Turbine- physics, core design, thermal hy- water was maintained up to the stan- Generator to 17384 hours since first draulic design, besides accident and dard. Low and full power tests were grid connection. The average plant transient analysis, in-core fuel man- carried out to meet the requirements capacity and availability factors were agement and fuel mechanical design. of operating policies. Fire emergency 52.82% and 59.85% respectively. and site emergency drills were also Numerous maintenance jobs were Laboratories for radiation shielding conducted. A series of experiments carried out by Maintenance person- studies, and nuclear instrumentation were performed for measurement of nel of CHASNUPP along with nearly have been established. The Institute gamma doses in the gamma cell of PARR-1 with different combinations of retired LEU fuel elements.

Plasma Physics Electromagnetic drift waves in electron-positron-ion plasmas have been studied. It is found that these waves can form the dipolar vortex structures in the nonlinear regime. Coupling of ion acoustic and Alfven waves with the drift wave have also been investigated.

Fast Neutron Physics

The determination of boron in an iron base amorphous alloy as well as in steel samples has been carried out by prompt gamma neutron activation analysis setup at PARR-I. The re-estimation of absolute inten- Chairman, PAEC being briefed by GM (C) in MCR of CNPP sities by thermal neutrons capture in

1 55 Mn with k0 standardization approach was done in the energy range from 50 keV2 to 3 MeV.

High Temperature Superconductivity

To investigate the effects of dopants in the CMR materials the synthesis of La0.49A0. 0iCa05MnO3 (where A— Nd, Sm, Gd, Yb & Y) and characterization by the R-T and XRD measurements have been completed. Study of the effect of dopants on the spin glass behaviour for the CMR materials, La085Ca015MnO3 and Lao.85Cao i5Mno.95Feoo503, has been completed.

Lasers Studies An early maturing high yielding cotton variety by NIA &Applications patched to nuclear medical centres. production chain includes all calcu- An extended cavity diode laser sys- 16 consignments of sodium phos- lation steps of events' generation, tem has been designed and devel- phate (P-32) (141 mCi) and 07 con- simulation, digitization and recon- oped. A 75 mW, 785 nm diode laser signments of MIBG-131 (52 mCi) struction. CERN computing environ- system having a narrow line width ~ were also supplied to medical cen- ment was replicated to establish 100 MHz has been developed, tres. Total supply of radioactive CMS events production site. which is tunable over a range of +/- products was 95972.35 mCi worth 10 nm with laser power in excess of 5.49 million rupees. 8366 vials of AGRICULTURE 50 mW. This newly developed laser eleven different cold kits MIBI, & can be used for ultra high resolution MDP, DTPA, MAG3, DISIDA, spectroscopy of Rb atoms. Twelve DMSA, Phytate, HMPAO pyrophos- BIOLOGY units of Laser land leveler were phate and glucoheptonate worth handed over to different organiza- 5.32 million rupees were also sup- Under crop improvement pro- tions. Thirty units of laser land level- plied during this period. gramme, research was carried out ers are ready for delivery. for evolving new varieties of crops Applied Health Physics suited to local environmental condi- Radio & Nuclear Chemistry tions. Personnel radiation contamination Sorption behavior of Ag and Cr onto monitoring services were provided A new cotton variety SOHNI en- Polyurethane foam (PUF) loaded with to radiation workers, trainees and dowed with high yield, early maturity diphenylcarbazide; Eu, Tm, and Hg visitors of PARR-1, PARR-2 NCD, and high lint ratio has been finally on PUF loaded with pyridylazoresorci- IPD and others radioactive radio- approved by Provincial Seed Coun- nol (PAR); and the Cr onto unloaded chemical laboratories of PIN- cil in its meeting held on 22nd Oct, PUF and loaded with trioctyl STECH. Radiation/contamination 2002 for general cultivation in phosphine oxide (TOPO) has been surveys were conducted in different Sindh. studied from different mineral acids. labs./plants of PINSTECH. Safe Parameters affecting the sorption transportation of 1381 consign- The Varietal Evaluation Committee were optimized. Experimental work ments of radioactive material/ (VEC) in its meeting held on April on adsorption of U and Cd on PUF radiation sources were authorized. 23, 2003 at PARC HQ Islamabad loaded with 1-(2-pyridylazo)-2- unanimously approved high yield- naphthol (PAN) has been completed. Computers ing, good grain quality variety, Sar- shar for general cultivation in Sindh Radioisotope and Radio- Under PAK-CERN collaboration re- and Balochistan. search programme, compact muon pharmaceutical Cold Kits The wheat varieties Sarsabz and Production solenoid (C|\/IS) events production site has been established in Com- Kiran 95, evolved by NIA, have generated an additional annual income of Regular production of M 31 was puter Division. CMS events produc- Rs. 1568 million to the fanners of Continued and 93960 mCi were dis- tion activity, based on Monte Carlo Sindh. Under Plant Molecular Breeding, A highly sensitive method was stan- Under plant Biotechnology work local rice varieties, Oryza galabe dardized for the detection of afla- was carried out on molecular virol- rrima and some lines carrying chro- toxin B1 residues in poultry feed ogy, Plant Genomics, Tissue Cul- matin from upland rice were tested and its components using Enzyme ture, Bio Control of Pathogenic dis- for tolerance to water stress. Linked Immuno Sorbant Assay eases, effect of Bio Power and Mo- (ELISA). lecular Ecological Studies, etc. Experiments were conducted to standardize procedures for seed 7700 vials (77,000 vaccine doses) About 2000 cotton BioPower bags protein fingerprinting of wheat varie- of the Haemorrhagic spticaemia were provided to the farmers in ties. (HS) vaccine were prepared and Dera Ghazi Khan, Muzafar garh, sold in the local market worth 0.70 Kabeer Wala, Multan, Melsi areas. The research in the Plant Physiol- million rupees whereas12000 vials 12,000 bags of Rice BioPower were ogy field was focused to enhance (1.2 million doses) of NIAB Newcas- provided to the farmers in Hafiz the crop productivity by undertaking tle disease (ND) vaccine were pre- abad, Pindi Bhatian, Shiekhu Pura, studies in stress tolerance physiol- pared and sold earning 0.54 million etc and related field areas. ogy and exploring ways to cultivate rupees. sub-optimal lands profitably. Isolation of mutants of various micro A research project worth 21.77 mil- organisms characterization of indus- To prevent loss in yield of crops by lion rupees was awarded by Minis- trial enzymes, production of Bio insects, entomological studies & ex- try of Science and Technology for chemicals and Bio Transformation periments were carried out on cot- mass production of HS, Black Quar- of industrially important compounds ton pests, sugar borers, fruit flies, ter and Infectious Bursal Disease were the major areas of research, rice borers, etc. vaccine under self reliance pro- for which experiments were de- gramme. signed & results analyzed. A new project " Enhancing wheat productivity through efficient irriga- BIOTECHNOLOGY Upscaling of Bio degradation of tex- tion practices" was started with the & tile effluent & Bio orption process objective to identify most sensitive and fabrication of bench top model and tolerant stages of crops to wa- GENETIC for metal removal remained impor- ter deficit. ENGINEERING tant topics of research under environmental studies. Search for novel and superior sources of disease resistance was Six Divisions at the Center of Excel- During this period, 58 patient sam- carried out from 900 exotic wheat lence National Institute of Biology ples were referred to diagnostic lines planted by NIFA wheat breed- and Genetic Engineering remained laboratory and were found to have ers. Performance data with regard involved in research work related to karyotypes for Down syndrome, to resistance level of each line Agriculture, Industry, Health and variant of Turner syndrome, Robert- against prevailing diseases have Environment. sonian translocation for Down syn- been provided to the concerned drome, Sex chromosome mo- breeder for further improvement. sacism, Philadelphia chromosome and Fragile X syndrome. 186 samples of Mycobacterium tuberculosis, 730 samples of Hepatitis C V/'rus, 22 samples of Hepatitis B Virus, 05 samples of Salmonella typhi and 17 samples of bcr-abl translocation for chronic myeloid leukemia were analyzed.

NUCLEAR MEDICINE

PAEC medical centers are equipped with the latest machines including Co-60 teletherapy units, Linear accelerators, Deep & superficial X-ray machines, HDR remote after-loading machines, Superficial Appliances, etc. Simula- tors & Treatment Planning Com- puters help in planning the delivery

3 of proper dose to specific sites. Dur- sis in Siwaliks, geochronology of while 38 technicians of batch-8 are ing 2002-2003, 1,33,592 patients granitic intrusives and uranium in undergoing one year post diploma were provided cancer treatment as Permian rocks of Salt Range. The training as well. well as follow up. activities in the offices & laboratories supported the field activities by SCIENTIFIC & Research work was continued on providing various chemical and min- 22 IAEA sponsored and 33 other eralogical analyses. ENGINEERING research projects in collaboration SERVICES with different international and na- HUMAN RESOURCE tional agencies/organizations.The DEVELOPMENT The Directorate manufactured and project "Development of Breast supplied jobs worth Rs. 98.65 mil- Care Clinics at all PAEC Nuclear lion to PAEC, Government Organi- Three hundred twenty seven PAEC Centres" was approved during the zations & National Industry includ- scientists/engineers participated in period under report by Planning and ing Heavy Mechanical Complex, various IAEA workshops, seminars, Development Division at the cost of Kot Adu Power Plant Co., KSB symposia, conferences, 141 at- Rs. 157.3 million. The Commission Pumps Co., Oil & Gas Develop- tended meetings colleges, visits and has ordered for nine sets of Mam- ment Corp., Heavy Industries, Tax- training courses sponsored by mography & Utrasonography units ila, National Refinery Ltd., Pak IAEA. Eighty six fellowships/ which will be installed in near future. Arab Refinery, Ghazi Brotha Power scientific visits were availed by After installation ofthe equipment at Plant/WAPDA, etc. The Directorate PAEC scientists/engineers. Breast Care Clinics of PAEC, about signed commercial contract with 20,000 patients will be treated per CERN, Switzerland worth US $ annum. Computer Training Centre CTC 305,570 (Rs. 18.03 million) and started the 2nd batch of Master of delivered 1st consignment. NUCLEAR MINERALS Science in Information Technology, M.Sc (IT) Program in October 2002. CTC also started its 10th regular INTERNATIONAL Major exploration activity was fo- Post Graduate Computer Orienta- RELATIONS cused at Shanawah site of Bannu tion Course (PGCOC-10) in Com- Basin where development drilling puter Systems Software & Hard- Mr. Parvez Butt, Chairman, Paki- was carried out in the southern part ware. The Computer Literacy of the prospect to estimate reserves stan Atomic Energy Commission led courses were successfully con- Pakistan delegation as Governor in the RAR category. Manchar For- ducted for the children of PAEC mation in the Kirthar Range was from Pakistan in the Meeting of the Employees. Workshops on Web IAEA Board of Governors held at studied in geological detail and con- Enabling Technologies, VLSI De- trols for surface uranium mineraliza- Vienna (Austria) from 9-12 Septem- sign Techniques and Office Auto- ber, 2002. Chairman, PAEC led tion were determined. Anomalous mation were also conducted. zones of Kohat Plateau were Pakistan's delegation to the Forty- mapped and investigated in detail sixth IAEA Annual General Confer- Twenty engineers/scientists out of a and were drilled for preliminary in- ence held at Vienna (Austria) from total strength of 32 from Batch-8 Of formation. 16-20 September, 2002.He also vis- Kanupp Institute of Nuclear Power ited European Organization for Nu- Engineering graduated on Septem- clear Research (CERN), Geneva, Baluchistan was opened for the ber 27, 2002. Thirty two engineers Switzerland from 21-24 September, first time for uranium prospecting & scientists of CHASCENT batch-l 2002. and regard Saidak-Taftan block was completed one-year postgraduate traversed on foot. Preliminary ex- training, where as 14 technicians of Forty IAEA Experts carried out as- ploratory drilling and detailed geo- batch-7 completed one-year post signments at different PAEC Estab- logical studies were carried out at diploma training. 37 engineers & lishments under IAEA Regular Pro- sites in Malakand and Hum Granitic scientists of batch-2 are undergoing gramme of Technical Co-operation complexes. Applied research was one year post graduate training, in various fields. carried out on uranium metallogene-

4 NUCLEAR POWER

KARACHI NUCLEAR crash cool down logic has been ap- Re-Licensing Outage (RLO) proved by PNRA. Installation/ POWER PLANT Activities commissioning of the system will be (KANUPP) done before the next start up. To meet the single failure criteria of IJW system, a Change Approval to OPREATION AND install redundant valves of IJW sys- Emergency Injection System (IJW) of MAINTENANCE tem has been prepared. Another Kanupp has no provision of re- Change Approval for relocation of circulation for LOCA outside the During the period from July, 2002 to IJW panel has also been prepared. boiler room. Emergency Sump June, 2003 KANUPP generated a Both the Change Approvals are now Transfer (EST) system will be used total of 236 GWh which raised the under review by PNRA. to transfer spilled water in the acces- cumulative generation since Net sible areas of reactor building to Power Date (NPD) to 10,736.46 Reactor regulators ARC and BRC moderator area sump to ensure con- GWh. The total on-line time of turbo have been replaced with ARC-PLC tinous supply of water for IJW sys- generator during the reporting period and BRC-PLC, however their com- tem. The change approval has been was 3,167.53 hours which raised the prepared and approved by Kanupp th missioning will be carried out during cumulative running time upto 30 plant re-start up. As a part of re- Site Safety Committee and is now June, 2003 to 152,430.76 hours. licensing job, steam generator tubes under review by PNRA. eddy current inspection of SG # 5 & The gross capacity and availability 6 and constriction monitoring of SG # Installation work of Fire Alarm sys- factors during the period were 19% & 2,3,4,5 & 6 were completed. tem in all plant buildings has been 36% respectively. Life time average completed. System is being commis- figures for these are 29% and 56% All the eight Booster Rods (BS1 to sioned and working under perform- respectively. BS8) were removed from reactor ance test.Work on rehabilitation ol core and new shield plug were in- South and North Activity Monitoring Plant Life Extension (PLEX) stalled. Reactivity mechanism was rooms was initiated. The work in- jobs for Re-Licensing installed back and all the boosters volved complete replacement of all were stored in SS containers in 208 sample chamber housings, re- KANUPP completed its nominal de- spent fuel bay. Primary Coolant placement of 208 horizontal sam- sign life of 30 years and was shut- (PHT) require cleaning and decon- pling tubes etc. All the fabrication down on 05-12-2002 for the imple- tamination to remove the deposited and manufacturing was completed mentation of safety upgrades and sludge in order to lower the dose in-house at KANUPP. The tubes major maintenance/overhauling ac- rates and increase the heat transfer. were fabricated welded and tested tivities as a part of plant life exten- Initially one steam generator was de- as per requirements of ASME Sec- sion and to meet the re-licensing re- contaminated and the project was tion III Class NB. quirements. Reactor fuel channel in- named as KANDECON-1. The Total spection was carried out as per con- activity removed was 900 mci and 40 On line chemical Instrumentation o1 BFW system has been installed. tract between KANUPP and AECL, mci/L as CO 50. Canada. PHT/MH and cover gas system is The Jobs related with refurbishing of under installation. Final commission- The new ARC-PLC was successfully Water Treatment Plant (WTP) have ing will be done at the time of planl tested for Regulation Functions. The been performed. Cation, anion, MBO, start up. Inspection of tendon of re- dump valves for the third trip channel carbon filter and de-carbonator units actor building was carried out along were refurbished and installed in were completely replaced with new with PNRA representative with the assistance from Pakistan Navy and place of CMP-HG-CV1 and BMP- fabricated units. Emergency D20 and found to be in good condition. HG-CV2.The Change Approval (CA) H20 transfer system has been in- on control logic for interconnection of stalled (EHWT) to transfer heavy or 3rd Diesel Generator has been final- light water to the primary heat trans- HEALTH PHYSICS AND ized and sent to PNRA for approval. port system (PHT) during small RADIATION SAFETY Change Approval for strengthening LOCA to cool and depressurize the masonry block wall by constructing PHT system for leak isolation. Stor- The total radiation dose received by all another parallel wall of steel plates of age capacity of heavy water is about personnel in KANUPP radiation zones Air conditioning room for improving 18 tons and storage capacity of light was 3.254 Man-Sv. Out of this 30% Control Room habitabiiity has been water is about 180 tons.The change was received as internal dose, due to implemented partially. approval to install automatic boiler tritium uptake, while the remaining

5 70% was the contribution from exter- ment/re-qualification) and two end nal dose. The average dose for ra- fitting for fabricating two fuel channel CONTROL & diation workers was 4.0 mSv per per- mock-up to AECL, Canada. After the INSTRUMENTATION son-year for the reporting period. completion of equipment familiariza- APPLICATION tion program, KNPC personnel re- LABORATORY(CIAL) Total gaseous radioactivity released turned to KANUPP and started pre- from the plant during the reporting paratory work to acquire the data The static calibration services for test period was less than 2% of the de- (NDE, dimensional gauging and and calibration of pressure, tempera- rived maximum permissible release scrape sampling) on the selected ture, flow and level devices were pro- limit. The liquid radioactivity in the fuel channels . vided to KANUPP and other PAEC effluent released to sea during this organizations. The test and meas- period was less than 3% of the de- Furthermore G-12 pressure tube urement equipment were tested and rived emission release limit for liquid. (removed in 1993) was also cut into calibrated by fluke primary standard. required pieces, loaded in to IMT The test rigs remained operational DESIGN AND flask (sent by AECL) and dispatched and dynamic testing of south/north DEVELOPMENT to AECL for burst testing. AECL dis- activity monitoring system coils, re- patched equipment after return headers at designed parameters qualification/refurbishment. Manufacture of Critical of 1550 psig, 565°F were carried out. Spare Parts PROJECT SAFE OPERA- CIAL has acquired ISO 9001-2000 Twelve (12) snout jaws have been TION OF KANUPP (SOK)/ for implantation of Quality Manage- received from SES Directorate. Their IMPROVE SAFETY FEA- ment System at CIAL. Three certify- soft nickel plating is to be done. TURES OF KANUPP (ISF) ing bodies i.e. USA, UK and Ger- Manufacture of snout jaw # 13 is in many granted ISO 9001-2000 certifi- progress. Study work on manufac- Local efforts continued to develop cates. CIAL is the only organization ture of snout jaws to suit its use Neutron Power Instrumentation Sys- in Pakistan, which got ISO certifica- (without developing cracks before tem for KANUPP (NISK). High grade tion in Architecture Engineering Ser- 2000 cycles) is initiated in collabora- electronic components of precise vices in C&l area. This achievement tion with SES Directorate, Islama- specifications are being procured. will be very help full for commerciali- bad. Pump & valves have been in- zation of CIAL. stalled in the EHWT system. Welding The permanent installation of N-16 and penetrant test are in process. channels on protective channel-A, B NED University intends to build l&C Closure Plug Discs (09 Nos.) after & C were approved by PNRA for im- center. CIAL engineers helped NED Soft Nickel plating & grinding have plementation. Change approvals on to prepare PC-I. Subsequently, two been delivered to Maintenance Divi- protective channels A & B (N-16 professors of the University were sion. channels) have been implemented. sent to CIAL for six months duration to train them at all facilities of CIAL Action on Ageing Management Intercepted gratings for active drain- and on-the-job training on CC&I Work Plan was prepared on the ba- age sump were designed and fabri- backfitting project of KANUPP. They sis of recommendations given by the cated. This completely bolted struc- received comprehensive training and various IAEA expert missions for es- ture has already been installed now would be able to establish l&C tablishing Ageing Management Pro- around the AD-P8/P9 sumps. center at the University. gram (AMP) remained in progress. Technical Manuals on "Ageing Man- KANUPP has purchased infrared COMPUTER agement Program" and "SSCs identi- (IR) thermography equipment re- fication" have been issued. DEVELOPMENT cently. Equipment performance checks and commissioning activities AMP pilot projects on Instrumenta- CC&I Backfitting Project have been completed. Infrared ther- tion and Control Cables, Motor Oper- mographic survey is being carried ated Valves (MOVs), Fuel Channel Test run of ARC-PLC was performed out on plant equipment on trial basis. Integrity Assessment (FCIA), and for which fourteen Regulation Analog steam generator sludge cleaning re- inputs were disconnected from ARC- In accordance with the modified mained in progress. GEPAC and were connected to the contract for Reactor Fuel Channel ? MC1s of ARC-PLC.Six analog in- Inspection between KANUPP an The recommendations of IPSART puts, originating from steam pres- AECL, Canada, a 15 member KAN- mission have been implemented and sure / steam flow transmitters UPP team visited AECL for equip- the final PSA report issued and sent to (installed by TUP) were also con- ment familiarization. the Regulator. The first task of PSA nected. Applications has been started and the Earlier to this KANUPP shipped 1993 proposed design modifications have Thirty digital inputs were wired from leftover equipments (for refurbish- been evaluated using the PSA. the RPR console, along with twenty-

6 Pre-commissioning tests were The Equipment Performance Degra- performed on the bearing tem- dation Plan (EPMP) is being devel- perature signals (ML1T system), oped in three phases. A draft plan for channel temperature monitoring, safety and safety related systems activity monitoring system, Man, has been prepared. Two RCAs, Ap- Machine Interface System , parent Causes Analysis (ACA) and Reactor Power Regulation sys- one study on scram reduction has tem etc. been completed. TIMS is being up- dated and maintained on a routine For CERN Project a prototype basis while safety issues are ana- database and an application pro- lyzed on as and when required. The gram were developed. Installa- safety PI, have been implemented at tion and configuration of Cern KANUPP. Software on Linux 7.3 was also done. The CAP program has been developed and a station instruction has QUALITY been issued.Most of the re-licensing ASSURANCE queries (RLQs) by PNRA on the PSR have been resolved while a Routine audit and surveillance work plan for those requiring further activities of performance func- action has been prepared and sub- tions related to plant system mitted to PNRA. were carried out, Audit finding report highlighting deficiencies were issued to concerned divi- CHASHMA NUCLEAR Storing of used fuel in the spent fuel sion/section ofthe plant, Verifica- POWER PLANT pool during RFO-I of CNPP tion of Procedures related to RLO (CHASNUPP) five digital outputs to energize relays activities were checked, Full scope and back-light push buttons. Quality Assurance manual was prepared. PLANT OPERATION AND A jumper sheet, comprising of thirty- MAINTENANCE two jumpers, was prepared and im- NUCLEAR SAFETY & plemented. The old ARC-GEPAC LICENSING DIVISION (NSLD) CHASNUPP generated a total of Regulation Console (LHS) was dis- 1503 GWh of electrical output with connected and the new console, re- Proposal for Hardware modifications 1386 GWh of it exported to lated to ARC-PLC (LHS), was linked to reduce core damage frequency WAPDA . The total on line time of to the existing BRC-GEPAC Regulat- have been formulated and work on the Turbine-Generator was 5243 ing Console (RHS). Valve signal, AOT evaluation has started. hours thus raising the on line time from ARC-PLC, for ARC-HG-CV1 was routed through the new auto- meter. On November 15, 2002, KAN- UPP was synchronized with the grid. The ARC-PLC successfully continued to control the Plant till December 6, 2002. During this period all the necessary tests were performed, successfully, for testing the controlling behavior ofthe ARC-PLC.

Installation of 220 VAC UPS main distribution panels and power distribution panels, New MMI console in the control room and new transmitters of steam flow signals (TS loop) and Boiler Feed Water signals (BFW loop), etc has been done. Change Approval documents of annunciation system and Change Approval of "Standby Split Type A/C System", for UPS/battery room and electronics rooms, was prepared and submitted. Turbine overhaul in progress during RFO-I at CNPP

7 of Turbine-Generator to 17384 hours since first grid connection. The average plant capacity and availability factors were 52.82% and 59.85% respectively.

Numerous maintenance jobs were carried out by Maintenance personnel of CHASNUPP along with nearly 1000 outside personnel participated in Refueling Outage-1 (RFO-1). During RFO-1 total 3614 jobs were carried out including 3284 maintenance jobs, 11 modifications, 181 ISI jobs and 138 surveillance tests besides Refueling in which one third of core was loaded afresh and remaining Fuel assemblies were reshuffled.

Major jobs included Refueling, Turbine Generator Overhaul, Main Transformer and 220 kV / 132 kV GIS Overhaul, Reactor Coolant Pump-A Motor Overhaul, Main Feed Water Pump-A / Motor Over- haul, SRH Pump-B Overhaul, Steam Generators Tubes inspec- ended on 29 July 2003 due to grid tion, Sludge Lancing of Steam QUALITY ASSURANCE transient in which Moisture Separator & ASSESSMENT Generator secondary side, Struc- Re-heater (MSR) piping and bellows tural Integrity (SIT) and Integrated were damaged. The repair work took Quality Assurance & Assessment Leak Rate Test (ILRT) of Contain- about 33 days. ment. Division (QA&AD) conducts audits ol EVENTS AND REPORTS various departments/divisions to as- During the reported period seven- sess their preparation to handle dif- teen modifications have been A total of thirty seven events were ferent jobs assigned to them, issues completed and implemented. encountered out of which fifteen deficiency reports and non- Some of these modifications in- were reportable to Pakistan Nu- conformance reports if it detects any clude Alarm reduction program in clear Regulatory Authority deficiencies at the plant or violation MCR, installation of Turbine Lube (PNRA). Some of the major of procedures and programmes dur- oil cleaning system, repair of reac- events included reactor trips on ing operation and maintenance ofthe tor upper internals deformed key- grid fluctuations, malfunctioning of plant. During the reported period, ways, etc. main feed water control valve, QA&AD conducted five (05) internal audits and one external audit of PLANT OUTAGES damage of essential chiller, stuck- ing of core upper internals, dam- NCNDT Centre Islamabad. The ten outages experienced were age of TPAs/RCCA and damage of MSR piping & bellows. About two hundred (200) surveil- spread over a period of nearly one lance deficiency reports, non confor- hundred seventy five days. The first mance notices and non conformance planned outage took 23 days for per- SAFETY AND HEALTH reports were issued by QA&AD. forming surveillance tests while the PHYSICS second planned outage was RFO-1. The maximum dose received at the PROCEDURES AND RFO-1 was planned for eighty one plant by any radiation worker during REPORTS (81) days but it extended to one hun- the RFO-1 was 31.23% of the per- dred and ten (110) days due to the missible annual dose. The second A number of administrative and tech- various problems encountered during integrated emergency exercise was nical procedures were developed for outage. conducted on September 5, 2002 at systematic implementation of various site, which was witnessed by PNRA. activities at the plant. A large number of these procedures were for RFO-1 The largest unplanned outage Follow-up actions to remove the defi- jobs, their Q-Plans and ALARA started from 25 June 2003 and ciencies observed during the emergency exercise are in progress. plans.

8 APPLIED SYSTEMS e.g. Planning and Development Divi- COR 1:8.4. Sensitivity study, by us- sion of Government of Pakistan, ing the computer program RTHP ol ANALYSIS GROUP Global Change Impacts Studies Cen- various thermal hydraulic parameters (ASAG) tre, Islamabad and Private Power of CHASNUPP was carried out. Infrastructure Board. Shield design and Source term The Applied Systems Analysis Group analysis of spent KANUPP fuel and (ASAG) is engaged in research and Group assisted the Global Change booster bundles is in progress. Multi- planning activities related to energy, Impact Studies Centre and IAEA in group shield design analysis of PWR electricity and nuclear power in Paki- their capacity building efforts in de- type reactors by discrete ordinate stan and analysis of related eco- veloping countries through delivering methods is underway. nomic, financial and environmental lectures in training courses and un- issues. dertaking expert missions. The design of concrete canisters and steel basket for "Dry storage project" ASAG contributed in the preparation of INSTITUTE OF for spent fuel is being revised. Verifi- PC-I document for the second unit of NUCLEAR POWER cation of design of the adapter plate Chashma Nuclear Power Plant (C-2). (INUP) of top nozzle of CHASNUPP fuel assembly has been completed. A study In order to obtain approval from the of the design verification of top noz- Government of Pakistan (GOP), Analytical engineering studies re- zle of CHASNUPP fuel assembly has members of the Group interacted lated to the Pressurized Water Reac- been completed. A review related to with the relevant Departments of tors (PW/Rs) remained the mainstay 'Advanced Fuel Assembly', to reduce GOP and also assisted the senior of INUP's activities. The work assign- the operational cost of CHASNUPP. management of PAEC in the high- ments related mainly to the areas of: has been completed. level meetings related to C-2. The reactor physics, core design, thermal Group also contributed in the nego- hydraulic design, besides accident Work has been started for experi- tiations for C-2 related to cost and and transient analysis, in-core fuel mental measurements of neutron financial aspects. management and fuel mechanical and gamma shielding properties of design. Laboratories for radiation various materials in PARR-1. The The Group continued its contribu- shielding studies, and nuclear instru- work has been completed on the tions for the determination of suitable mentation have been established. contract awarded to INUP by tariff for the sale of electricity genera- The Institute, in addition is gradually CHASNUPP for the delivery of indi- tion from the first unit of Chashma attaining the status of centre for diag- genously developed DRM (Digital Nuclear Power Plant (C-1) to nostic vibration analysis of moving Reactivity Meter). Frequency testing WAPDA. ASAG also contributed in components of machinery. of CHASNUPP steam turbine blades the PAEC's submission to National was carried out. Validation/ Electric Power Regulatory Authority CORE DESIGN AND FUEL development of expert software for (NEPRA) for obtaining generation MANAGEMENT loose parts monitoring system for license of C-1. KANUPP and CHASNUPP contin- Various issues related to In-Core ued. Software development for data A competitive electricity market in Fuel Management were routinely re- acquisition and processing is also in Pakistan in the next 6-8 years is be- viewed with CHASNUPP under the progress. ing planned by NEPRA. A study has terms of reference of MOU between been initiated to assess the role of INUP and CHASNUPP. Prepared nuclear power in this planned com- Nuclear Design Report for Cycle-2 of DIRECTORATE petitive electricity market under the CHASNUP. Flux Map Data Process- GENERAL NUCLEAR RCA programme of IAEA. ing and Analysis of CHASNUPP for POWER (DGNP) cycle 1 up to 484 EFPD was per- IAEA is carrying out a coordinated formed. research project on "Cost effective- Coordination with World ness of nuclear power compared to Uncontrolled RCCA bank withdrawal Association of Nuclear carbon dioxide capture and seques- accident from a subcritical or low Operators (WANO) tration from fossil fuel fired power power startup condition for cycle-2 of plants". ASAG has initiated a country CHASNUPP was analyzed. Flux map The World Association of Nuclear case study under this research pro- data processing and analysis for cy- Operators (WANO) is a non- ject. cle-2 of CHASNUPP up to 43 EFPD. governmental organisation with a Main steamline break (SLB) accident mission to maximize safety and reli- ASAG continued its collaboration for Cycle-2 of CHASNUPP was ana- ability of nuclear power plants. The with other national organizations lyzed. Severe accident, Station Black office of Director (NPO) is the con- working in the area of planning and Out, for CHASNUPP was analyzed tact for cooperation/coordination with analysis of energy/electricity systems by using the computer code MEL- WANO.

9 The office has connection to WANO NUCLEAR well as safety point of view. Two website through Internet for prompt DESALINATION IAEA expert missions visited Paki- receipt of useful technical information stan in September 2002 and June and plant performance data ex- Nuclear Desalination 2003 and reviewed the basic design change. The office ensured participa- work. tion of PAEC personnel in Meetings, Demonstration Project Workshops, Seminars, Peer Re- views, Technical Exchange Visits or- Studies for installation of a nuclear IAEA Coordinated Research ganized by WANO. desalination plant of about 1 Million Project (CRP) Gallons/Day capacity at KANUPP During the reporting period cost free are being conducted under the aus- An IAEA Coordinated Research Pro- participation of 12 PAEC personnel pices of International Atomic Energy ject (CRP) entitled "Economic Re- was arranged in various WANO pro- Agency (IAEA). It is planned to de- search on, and Assessment of cou- grammes held in other countries. In sign, manufacture and install the pling 137 MWe Karachi Nuclear addition a WANO-Tokyo Centre plant indigenously. Power Plant with a desalination planl of upto 1 MGD capacity" has been workshop on "Effective Utilization of started from January 2002. This CRP Operating Experience to Improve The project is being undertaken is a part of IAEA's CRP "Economic Operational Safety" was arranged at jointly by DGNP and KANUPP and Research on, and Assessment o1 Islamabad on 21-23 January 2003. equipment will be indigenously manufactured. The plant will be Selected Nuclear Desalination Pro- jects and Case Studies". The work This interaction of PAEC personnel based on Multi Effect Distillation (MED) technology. Steam tapped will contribute to the IAEA's efforts to with the international experts has enhance prospects for demonstration helped in acquiring new knowledge from KANUPP will provide thermal energy to the desalination plant: and successful implementation of about technical developments and nuclear desalination in the IAEA performance of world nuclear power member states. industry, which can be used for com- Various options of tapping steam parison and emulation. from KANUPP have been analyzed from the technical, economical as

10 PHYSICAL SCIENCES & ENGINEERING

NUCLEAR SCIENCE side water box was proposed for the The role of ions in the formation of final operation. Radiological conse- solitary wave structures in dusty AND TECHNOLOGY quence analysis for accidental re- plasmas has also been investigated. leases for a 300 MWe PWR was It is found that ion thermal energy Reactor Operation continued. The computer code RAS- reduces the amplitude of dust ion CAL along with the locally developed acoustic solitary waves in dusty plas- Pakistan Research Reactor (PARR- program PAKRAD is being used for mas. Electromagnetic resistive drift 1) was operated for 420 hours pro- dose calculations. In addition to this, instability in current carrying low tem- ducing 3105 MWh of thermal energy. work on acquiring the topographic perature tokamak edge plasmas has Five hundred and sixty nine capsules and meteorological/wind data for use also been studied. The work on a containing different samples were in the atmospheric dispersion model- self-consistent model for the mag- irradiated. The quâlity of primary,and ing using a Lagrangian approach, netic field generation and plasma jet secondary water was maintained up has also been started. formation is still in progress. to the standard. Low and full power tests were carried out to meet the requirements of operating policies. RESEARCH AND Computational Physics Fire emergency and site emergency DEVELOPMENT drills were also conducted. In all Langmuir-Hinshelwood (LH) Plasma Physics type models which give more realistic Pakistan Research Reactor (PARR- description of the surface reaction 2) was operated for 133 hours pro- Electromagnetic drift waves in elec- systems, the adsorption of two oxy- ducing 3868 KWh of thermal energy. tron-positron-ion plasmas have been gen atoms was considered on a pair Number of samples irradiated was studied. It is found that these waves of vacancies found in the first near- 1234. Quality of reactor vessel/pool can form the dipolar vortex structures est neighbourhood (a distance of one water was maintained up to the stan- in the nonlinear regime. atomic spacing between two vacan- dard. cies) of the site of impact. Recent Coupling of ion acoustic and AHven experiments by scanning tunnelling Reactor Experiments waves with the drift wave have also been microscopy on the dissociative ad- investigated. Furthermore, this study has sorption of oxygen molecules on an A series of experiments were per- been extended to dusty plasmas, by con- AI (111) and Pt (111) surfaces formed for measurement of gamma sidering the coupling of drift wave, ion pointed to a "hot atom" mechanism. It doses in the gamma cell of PARR-1 acoustic wave and Alfven waves. was found that the two oxygen atoms with different combinations of retired LEU fuel elements. Similar measurements were performed in wet storage bay for gamma dose due to retired HEU fuel elements. A maximum dose rate of 35 Gy/hr was recorded in gamma cell. This experimentation was performed with an intention to explore the possibilities of installation of a dry gamma irradiation facility for food irradiation at PARR-1 in collaboration with NIFA, Peshawar.

Reactor Physics and Safety

Keeping in view PARR-1 performance on mixed (HEU and LEU) fuel, from operational/safety limits and utilization point of view, some more mixed fuel PARR-1 core configura- tions were analyzed. On the basis of calculated neutronic and safety parameters, a core configuration with PINSTECH, a premier scientific R&D centre of PAEC HEU fuel elements lying around the

11 appeared in pairs, with average dis- Ru and Fe for nuclear reactor pro- ied at room temperature by Möss- tances of two lattice constants. Ap- duction feasibility of 95m Tc and ^3Fe bauer spectroscopy. It shows that pearance of two oxygen atoms in is still in progress. The following re- Mn2+ ions occupy both the tetrahe- pair, having one atomic spacing dis- actions have been investigated so dral and octahedral sites while Ni2+ tance has very small probability. This far: 96Ru (n, 2n) 95Ru^95mTc, 54Fe(n, ions occupy octahedral sites only. fact is being introduced in the LH 2n) 53Fe and 54Fe(n, p) 54Mn. Variation of internal magnetic fields type models. (Heff) for both sites has been investi- Alpha Spectrometry gated. The line widths of the most ol Molecular dynamics simulation tech- octahedral sites decrease and no nique, based on N-body interatomic Preparation of thin sources of natural significant change is observed in iso- potentials has been employed to uranium by electrodeposition for al- mer shift with an increase of Ni con- evaluate parameters for Au like lat- pha spectrometry was continued us- centration. NiFe204 was found to be tice constants, energy per atom, co- ing the new electroplating cell with completely inverse spinel while all efficient of thermal expansion, heat rotating electrode. Different parame- other compositions including capacity and mean square displace- ters such as current, pH, metal ion MnFe204 are partly inverse spinel. ments as a function of temperature. concentration etc., for the quantita- The measurements on CMR materi- Temperature for melting transition tive electrodeposition of metal under als, at and below room temperature, has been calculated for Ag and Au. investigation were optimized. The for different concentrations of iron Coefficient of self diffusion for Ag reproducibility of the plating system doping in place of Mn indicate no and Au has been calculated in the was checked and the calibration line magnetic hyperfine interaction at temperature range 1500K - 2100K. in the range of 10 to 100 microgram room temperature: Isomer shift and Results are being fitted to evaluate of uranium prepared. It showed good Quadrupole splitting decrease and pre-exponential factor and the activa- linearity within the experimental er- line-width increase with the increase tion energy for the liquid state. ror. Further work related to the thin of Fe up to 4%. After this the behav- source preparation is in progress. iour is reversed. All Mössbauer parameters indicate that iron is found in Fast Neutron Physics 3+ High Temperature Fe state only. The determination of boron in an iron Superconductivity base amorphous alloy as well as in Low Energy Physics steel samples has been carried out To investigate the effects of dopants by prompt gamma neutron activation in the CMR materials the synthesis An electrostatic energy analyzer has analysis setup at PARR-I. The re- of Laa49A Ca0 MnO3 (where A= been installed in the main accelera- estimation of absolute intensities by 0iCn i5 tor. The analyzer has been exten- 55 Nd, Sm, Gd, Yb & Y) and characteri- thermal neutrons capture in Mn zation by the R-T and XRD measure- sively studied, and after carefully With k0 standardization approach was ments have been completed. Study aligning and characterizing, a beam done in the energy range from 50 of the effect of dopants on the spin of specific energy of charged parti- keV to 3 MeV. The work is being ex- glass behaviour for the CMR materi- cles can now be selected. The se- tended up to 8 MeV. The efficiency lected beam has been detected by als, La0 85Ca0 15Mn03 and of HPGe detector from 50 keV to 8.5 La0.8sCaQ.15Mn095FeQ.Q5O3, has been specially designed Faraday cage de- MeV has been worked out using completed. Simulation techniques tector. A special shielding arrange- standard radioactive sources as well based on the energy minimization ment has been made to reduce the as captures gamma rays in CI. The procedure were applied to investi- noise for detecting a current of studies on thermal neutron cross- gate the crystal properties of ZrSiO^ charged particles as low as fraction section and resonance integral of and Ruthenates. of a Pico-ampere. Fabrication of 250 160Tb has been completed after in- keV accelerator for GC University corporating calculated thermal and Lahore under the joint programme is Double perovskites ALaMnFe0 epithermal shielding factors in the 6 progressing well. Some parts of this (where A=Ca, Sr, Ba) polycrystalline data. The causes of discrepancies in accelerator have been shifted to La- samples were synthesized by con- the measured results were ascer- hore for assembling. The main com- ventional solid-state reaction. The tained. ponents e.g. cluster ion source, ExB sintering of these pellets was carried velocity filter for beam analysis and out at 1250 °C for 72 hours in air and faraday cage detector have been 48 hours in 0 flow at 900 °C. The Nuclear Cross-section 2 fabricated and ready for trial opera- structural refinement was carried out Studies tion. using Rietveld refinement pro- To establish the production feasibility gramme. and to confirm the purity of new Electron Microscopy medically important radionuclides Mössbauer Spectroscopy nuclear reaction cross-sections Study of surface modification of measurement studies is being car- Ni-substituted Mn-ferrites, Mn,. Hastelloy C-276 by SiC addition and electron beam melting shows nickel ried out. In this regard the work on xNixFe204 (x=0-1.0) have been stud-

12 rich dendrites with Mo depletion in tinued. Efforts are being made to ex- broadband (~tens of GHz) free run- the modified surface. Surface modifi- plore the structure of this material. ning diode laser can be converted cation of Ni-base single crystal su- into a narrow band (~100 MHz) and peralloy was carried out by electron Nuclear Interaction Studies a tunable extended cavity diode la- beam melting. Scanning electron mi- ser. We have developed a 75 mW. croscopy (SEM) revealed Al-Ti rich The kinematical analysis of the 785 nm diode laser system having a dendritic structure. Hardness of the heavy ion reaction (16.7 MeV/u) 238U narrow line width ~ 100 MHz, which molten zone is reduced by 50% as + natAu using mica track detector is tunable over a range of +/- 10 nm compared to the as cast material. was carried out previously on event- with laser power in excess of 50 mW Electron beam welding of dissimilar by-event basis using the spherical has been developed. This newly de- alloys Zircaloy-4 and Al-Fe-Ce has polar coordinates of the correlated veloped laser can be used for ultra been carried out and microstructure tracks of multipronged events ob- high resolution spectroscopy of Rb of fusion zone and heat affected served in this reaction. Now the atoms. zone has been studied by SEM. Hot study of analysis of reaction step cracking is observed in the fusion preceding the sequential fission In a Nd-YAG laser, laser rod was zone. Different phases produced dur- process is being carried out. Three successfully assembled in the ampli- ing welding are being identified. A mica samples of the heavy ion reac- fier assembly. Now the laser is func- project has been initiated to investi- tion (11.67 MeV/u) 197AU + natAu have tioning properly. A long awaited gate solid solubility of Si in Al by ball been scanned. Projected lengths and power supply of an Argon Ion laser milling. Alloys with different contents depths of each of the correlated system has been successfully re- of Si are being prepared. tracks of two- three- and four- paired. pronged events were measured. Re- Neutron and X-Ray action cross section has been deter- Track Detectors mined. Diffraction Applications

A powder neutron diffractometer has The track parameters of the binary To study the response of CR-39 to been successfully installed at beam events observed in the reaction (14.5 the neutrons of different energies, an tube no. 4 of PARR-1. This instru- MeV/u) Xe + Bi (CR-39) have been optical photometer has been em- ment, which is totally designed and measured again for the separation of ployed to measure the transmission developed at PINSTECH, is fully elastic events from total binary of light through etched samples ex- automated and is equipped with two events. The quarter point angle has posed to different fluences of neu- sets of detectors, a single He3 been determined from elastic data trons. It has been found that the counter and a position sensitive neu- and used to calculate the reaction transmittance falls exponentially with tron detector. It is being used for in- cross-section. The experimental and the increase in etching time interval vestigations of residual stress meas- theoretically calculated values of the for each of the values of neutron flu- urements in commercial brass heat reaction cross sections have some ence. However, the optical properties treated at temperature upto 800C. differences which are being resolved. of the detectors exposed to thermal The inpile collimator for the new neutrons are different than the detec- SANS instrument designed at PIN- SLIM is an international collaboration tors exposed to the energetic neu- STECH and fabricated in SES has project aimed to detect light mag- trons. In order to determine various been installed. The focusing mono- netic monopoles at high altitude. The etching parameters of Na2C03- chromator assembly and detector detector wagons comprising of CR- enriched NaOH solution, tracks of table are designed and being fabri- 39 and Lexan detectors covering 82 fission fragments have been meas- cated here in PINSTECH workshop. m2 area were installed . The detec- ured after etching the 252Cf-exposed The data analysis for PbSe and tors for radon and neutron back- detectors at 50 °C in solutions con- PbSe03 has been completed and ground measurement have been re- taining varying concentration ol report is being written. Fault was lo- trieved from the site after one year Na2C03 for 5-15 minutes time inter- cated in the pre-amplifier ofthe x-ray exposure and replaced with new de- vals up to a total etching time of 210 diffractometer and it was repaired. tectors. Some of the detectors have min. The etching will be continued at been etched in 6N NaOH for three higher temperatures also to deduce Studies of structural property rela- hours at 70°C to reveal the tracks of the required results. tionship in the amorphous state of alpha particles emitted from radon As-TI-Se alloy have been carried out present in the environment of experi- Nuclear Geological Studies and the data analysis etc. have been mental set-up. completed. The effect of valency of Fission-track age of 31.27 ± 0.81 Ma Tl on structure and different physical Lasers Studies was calculated for the Durango properties of the resultant alloy com- (Mexican) apatite using external detec- position in the As-TI-Se matrix have An extended cavity diode laser sys- tor method and absolute approach. A Ç been studied. Characterization of tem has been designed and devel- (zeta is a constant) calibration factor 2 uranium silicide (U3Si3) is being con- oped. By using grating feedback, a of 317.04 ± 10.43 (years cm ) was

13 calculated for Durango apatite by si- duction", analytical services including topes, chemical constituents & CFCs 18 2 13 15 multaneously irradiating it with glass 0, H, C, N stable isotope to determine groundwater age and monitor, SRM 612 in PARR-1 Reac- analysis of more than 1400 water interconnection between aquifers. tor. This value of zeta will be used in samples were provided to the IAEA/ Tritium analysis services (165 water future in fission track dating of apa- RCA member states. samples) were provided to various tite while using the age standard ap- countries under IAEA/RCA projects. 13 18 2 proach. The fission-track dating stud- C, 0 and H stable isotope analysis was completed on soil & water ies of apatite crystals from Jawar and Non-Destructive Testing Jambil carbonatites using grain by 'samples received from NIAB and KANUPP. 115 groundwater samples grain method and absolute approach In connection with the R&D pro- pertaining to IAEA TC project were yielded average ages of 24.05 ± 1.07 gramme of low enriched uranium Ma and 22 Ma, respectively. processed and analyzed for stable isotope of Sulphur (34S). (LEU) silicide fuel for research reac- Boron and uranium concentrations in tors, fabricated LEU fuel plates were drinking water samples from the examined critically by X-ray radiogra- natural springs of Reshian and Radiation and Isotope phy to investigate the homogeneity Muzaffarabad areas have been Hydrology of the LEU fuel material and dimen- found with an average of 0.161 and sions of the rolled fuel meat to stan- 1.36 jj.g/1 , respectively, using the Facilities for groundwater dating and dardize the manufacturing process. technique of (n , a) and, (n , f) reac- pollution studies by CFC technique Depleted uranium rods of 28mm ditions observed with solid state track were established under IAEA TC ameter were radiographed using detectors. Project. Soil and sediment samples gamma and neutron radiographic were collected from reference sites techniques to detect discontinuities as well as study areas, and analyzed introduced during fabrication. Exami- Radiation and Isotope 137 Application for Cs by gamma spectrometry in nation of HT cable from HPD, graph- connection with IAEA/RCA Project ite element from PARR-1, classified Vitamin A, trace elements, body on "Measuring soil erosion and sedi- samples from Nucleonic Systems composition and milk output of mal- mentation, and associated pesticide Labs., PAEC and TT straps from nourished anemic lactating women contamination" and IAEA TC Project army aviation was also completed were determined by standard analyti- on "Soil Erosion and Sedimentation using X-ray and neutron radiographic cal techniques for the IAEA project studies". Isotopic and chemical char- techniques. 11530/RB. The results have sug- acteristics of geothermal manifesta- gested that milk production and qual- tions in Chaghi area were investi- Environmental Research ity of breast milk of mother were lim- gated under IAEA/RCA Project on ited to some extent by the maternal "Investigations for ranking the poten- Seawater, sediment and biota sam- nutritional status. A "Breath Mat™" tial of geothermal sites in Pakistan". ples were collected from 960 km long system was installed at Nuclear Water samples from hard rock and coastal strip of Pakistan for the IAEA/ Medicine Oncology and Radiother- alluvial aquifers in Quetta Valley RCA Marine Project. Seawater sam- 13 18 apy Institute (NORI) Islamabad for were collected and analyzed for iso- ples were analyzed for C, 0 and commercialization of urea breath test (UBT) for the diagnosis of Helico- bacter pylori. The facility for routine UBT test is being provided to gastri- tis patients. VG ISOGAS Mass Spec- trometer was calibrated and stable nitrogen isotope ratios were measured on 105 samples received from Biofertilizer Division, NIBGE, Fais- alabad.

Stable Isotope Hydrology

Methodology for stable isotope analysis of nitrogen and oxygen in aqueous nitrate and AgN03 samples was optimized and applied for S15N and Ô180 determination in samples for the IAEA Project-29104 (Korea). Under the IAEA project INT/5/144 "Sustainable Utilization of Wasteland Saline Groundwater for Plant Pro-

14 2H and ?"S stable isotope contents in water and its dissolved carbon and sulfur fractions as well as tritium (3H) and uranium series radionuclides, major ions, and Fecal Coliform contamination. Significant depletion in Ô13C contents of total dissolved inorganic carbon and aqueous sulfate, electrical conductivity and salinity coupled with higher values of tritium confirmed the impact of pollution from industrial and/or domestic drains into shallow marine environment of southeast coast of Karachi.

Cysts of Pyrodenium Bahamense were determined in a sediment core collected from inter-tidal zones of Gawadar coast. This has raised concerns with respect to the issue of harmful algal bloom (HAB) concerns along this coast. 63 groundwater Laser land leveler developed by PINSTECH samples pertaining to shallow wells, deep wells and hand pumps were Khan, for testing, 2 units to private neers was made. The units are being collected & analyzed for IAEA re- farmers at Gujranwala and Hydera- fabricated and installed. These in- search contract "Isotopic investiga- bad (Sindh) and 6 units to private clude: heat exchanger, mixer- tion of saline water intrusion and re- farmers of Sargodha, Sahiwal, Ra- settlers, miniature cooling tower, fluid lated impact on potable water quality him Yar Khan, Muzaffar Garh, Gu- flow rig, absorption column, pulse in coastal aquifer of Karachi Paki- jranwala and Sialkot through OFWM column, rotary drum vacuum filter stan. Training Institute Lahore against crop (RDVF) and filter press. maximization project in Punjab. Thirty units of laser land leveler are Chemical Material Studies Industrial Applications ready for delivery. A radiotracer test was developed in Sorption studies of various radioiso- The design and fabrication of laser topes such as 63Ni, 58Co, 137Cs and cooperation with the IAEA for the 90 study of wear in piston rings of vehi- beam delivery system of C02, con- Sr on the natural polymer chitosan cle engine. The test was successfully sisting of beam focusing optics, cool- and activated charcoal were per- carried out for Inspectorate of Vehi- ing and gas/air injector has been formed under variable physicochemi- cle and Engineering Equipment successfully completed. C02 Laser cal conditions like pH of sorptive me- (IV&EE), Pakistan Army, Rawalpindi. workbench is modified by introducing dia, agitation time, sorbate concen- Wear of piston ring of a vehicle en- smoke suction facility. A computer trations and temperature. The main gine was determined at different con- controlled interfacing software pro- purpose of this research is to find a ditions of RPM and load. Under the gram for laser material processing suitable ion exchanger for the treat- pilot program, "Application of thin (LMP), which was used earlier with ment and containment of radioiso- layer activation (TLA) technique for an imported Unidex motion control- topes. wear, erosion and corrosion meas- ler, was successfully changed with urement in industrial systems" at an easily available motion controller. Synthesis of hydrogels for agricul- Pakistan Oilfields (POL), further tural use was carried out. measurements for the loss of mate- MATERIAL SCIENCE Crosslinked poly(acrylic acid-co- rial from three TLA coupons installed acrylamide) hydrogels were preparea at Meyal and Pindoori were carried Special Materials Studies and water uptake measured. out and another TLA coupon was installed at Pariwali. Work on pilot plant for production of The water uptake of hydrogels pre- 1.0 kg/day metallurgical grade silicon pared was 255 g of water/g of dried Laser Applications from rice husk was initiated. A flow- gel compared to 94 g of water/g o1 sheet was developed, design work dried gel for the commercial gel. The locally prepared hydrogel was sent to Twelve units of Laser land leveler and cost estimation was completed. NIAB for testing and performs much were handed over to different organi- A comprehensive report regarding zations respectively, i.e. 3 units to the establishment of materials proc- better than the commercially avail- PCRWR, 1 unit to OFWM, D. I. essing lab. for training fresh engi- able products.

15 Synthesis work on selective poly- Process Development oping a homogeneous microstruc- mers were started. These selective Studies ture. polymers were synthesized by immo- Work is in progress to setup a pellet bilizing o-hydroxyacetophenone, its Work on computer codes for the fabrication lab. Green pellets of natu- oximes of hydroxylamine and its simulation of a solvent extraction ral uranium based U0 have been schiffs bases of aniline and ethanol process and for the design of mixer- 2 prepared. amine, on the matrices of low settler and pulsed coulmn was com- crosslinked styrene-divinyl benzene pleted. These codes can simulate Green density and dimensional re- copolymers. The polymers synthe- extraction, scrubbing and stripping 3+ quirements conforming to the specifi- sized were investigated for Fe , operations of solvent extraction proc- 2+ 2+ cations of PWR fuel pellet have been Cu , and Zn uptake studies which ess and can work out the chemical were found to be pH dependant. achieved. Sintered pellets have as well as mechanical design pa- shown good structural integrity and rameters. have sintered density within the Corrosion Studies Fluidisation experiments were per- specified range. formed using carbonatite powder Previously plasma vapour deposition having different average particle size Polymer Processing and (PVD) technique was applied to get (i.e. 37f.im, 60|.im 74|am & 125|.im). It the Ni-coatings of various thick- was observed that fluidisation is not Radiation Studies nesses on low alloy steel (LAS) smooth with fine particles (<37fim) Work on the project , "Devélopment ASTM 516 G-70. Electro-deposition whereas it was uniform and smooth technique was employed to get the of high speciality flame retardant, ra- when 74(.im particle size powder diation resistant wire insulation for improved Ni-plating on LAS. was used. Design verification study use in defense, automotive, aeronau- Various makes of Aluminium fuel indicated that the experimental val- tics and construction industries" con- cladding fin tubes were again ana- ues and the calculated values for de- tinued. This project of Rs. 7.16 mil- lysed by other PAEC laboratories to sign parameters were quite close to lion funded by the Ministry of Sci- reconfirm the previous results. The each other. ence and Technology was initiated SSRT in air and DMW revealed bet- during the previous year. ter mechanical properties for the R&D study on the purification of Swiss make tube both in the longitu- commercial TBP was completed. The Various formulations for flame retar- dinal and transverse direction than impurities like MBP, DBP or organo- dant and anti-rodent material were the other two makes. The results of phosphate compounds hinder extrac- developed by radiation crosslinking. immersion testing of tube specimens tion, re-extraction and form emulsion Chemically crosslinked material was in DMW at PARR-2 fuel storage bay during solvent extraction operation. also developed which is flame retar- concluded that all the three tubes are Chemical method was selected, for dant. Their electrical, mechanical resistant to pitting and general corro- purification and optimised in terms of and flame retardant properties were sion. various process parameters. 150 li- tested. Formulations based on PVC. tres of purified TBP of required purity LDPE/EVA were developed and R & D work was carried out to estab- was produced and handed over to master batches for industrial utiliza- lish parameters of various steps in- NLP. tion were developed. volved in the fabrication process of Alumina laboratory wares. With this Fuel Fabrication technique different shaped crucibles ANALYTICAL and instrument parts have been Experiments were performed to TECHNIQUES casted successfully. study the sintering behaviour of the mixture of aluminium and copper ox- Environmental Studies Alloy Preparation & ide powders. Powders mixed in a ball (Radiation and Biological) Mechanical Testing mill have shown better results than those mixed in an oblique mixer. A high purity germanium (HPGe) de- In continuation to the ongoing project Metallography of sintered compacts tector, provided by IAEA, has been of LEU fuel fabrication for PARR-1 revealed that Al203 particles pro- set up in the RPD laboratory in con- the evaporation of silicon during arc duced during sintering are uniformly nection with the IAEA-TC project en- melting was overcome by increasing distributed. titled "Development of country profile the weight of charge from 50 g to of environmental radiation levels". 150 g and increasing %age of Si Aluminium composite reinforced with from 7.5 to 11%. A total 7 billets and in-situ produced Al203 particles has The spectra of 35 soil samples of dif- 7 plates were made and sent for been fabricated and characterized by ferent areas of Pakistan have been NDT to check clad thickness, fuel using DTA, XRD and metallographic collected using this detector system. homogeneity and bonding of clad techniques. These results revealed These spectra are being analyzed for and fuel. Work is in progress. that mixing step during processing of the measurement of gamma activi- the composite is very critical in devel- ties due to 238U, 232Th and A0K.

16 A dynamically modified silica phase such as shaking time, concentration Analytical Services has been investigated for the deter- of sorbent and sorbate etc. were op- mination of uranium in various IAEA, timized. Experimental work on ad- During this period, 723 samples were SRM, and ore samples such as tor- sorption of U and Cd on PUF loaded analyzed by ICP, AAS, XRF, AES, binite and pitchblendy. with 1-(2-pyridylazo)-2-naphthol HPLC, IR Spectrometer, lon- (PAN) has been completed. Analyti- Chromatography and GC and a reve- Tetra alkyl ammonium compound cal method for the Hg determination nue of Rs.8, 32,200/- was generated. has been used as ion-pairing reagent based on IDA using Cyanex 471 in These samples were received from and phosphate buffer at pH 2.5 as benzene from Perchlorate media has different centers of PAEC as well as mobile phase with UV as detector. been developed. outside PAEC. The beneficiaries The uranium has been determined in were NMD, RIAD, NCD, APD, RPD, 70-fold excess of Fe (III) in above The validity of the method has been ACL, UML, CHASNUPP, A.E. Min. mentioned ore samples. checked by standard addition in the Centre Lahore, DGRE, KNFC, NDC, synthetic seawater as well as in the HMC-3, KRL, POF Wah, Machine An adsorption column for GC has IAEA standard reference material. Gun Factory, Wah, Naval Headquar- been prepared by coating alumina ter, Air Weapons Complex, Wah, Ci- with Fe2 03 The adsorption material SERVICES AND ros Enterprises Ltd., Qarshi Indus- has been characterized by SEM. tries, National Techno Commercial This packed GC column has been PRODUCTS Services (Pvt) Ltd Lahore, Ahmed successfully utilized for separation of Chemicals, Capital Trading Corpora- LPG (ethane, propane, butane); Radioisotope and Radio- tion, NCPC, Shamsi Brothers, Is- manufacture gas B (H2, ethane, pharmaceutical Cold Kits lamabad and PEPSI Cola Interna- methane, CO) and quality assurance Production tional (Pvt.) Ltd. of nitrous oxide. Regular production of 1-131 was con- Applied Health Physics Under IAEA project sampling of air tinued and 93960 mCi were dis- particulate matter (APM) at SES, 1-9, patched to nuclear medical centres. To enhance the safety culture from Islamabad and PINSTECH is contin- 16 consignments of sodium phos- unwanted radiation exposure, radia- ued. In this regard 100 more sam- phate (P-32) (141 mCi) and 07 con- tion protection services were pro- signments of MIBG-131 (52 mCi) ples were collected and analyzed for vided for safe operation of nuclear were also supplied to medical cen- short-lived radionuclide and black facilities on country level. Personnel carbon. tres. Moreover, sodium carbonate radiation contamination monitoring (Na-24) (490 mCi) supplied to R- services were provided to radiation Block, while 1-131 (1305 mCi), so- The experimental work is in progress workers, trainees and visitors of dium phosphate (P-32) (500 mCi) Tc- to investigate the long-lived indicator PARR-1, PARR-2 NCD, IPD and oth- 99m (23 mCi) and one consignment radionuclides in human milk, infant ers radioactive radiochemical labora- head hair and medicinal herbs. of Fe-59 (0,85 mCi) were supplied to HPD/RIAD/PIEAS on complementary tories of PINSTECH. Radiation/ contamination surveys were con- In order to establish some correlation basis. Total supply of radioactive products was 95972.35 mCi worth ducted in different labs./plants ol with a disease and metal concentra- PINSTECH. tion in human blood, 17 blood sam- 5.49 million rupees, whereas supply ples of hypertensive patients have on complementary basis was Safe transportation of 1381 consign- been analyzed for their Cu, Zn and Li 1819.35 mCi worth 0.83 million rupees. ments of radioactive material/ contents using atomic absorption radiation sources were authorized. spectrophotometry. 8366 vials of eleven different cold An up-to-date inventory of radiation kits MIBI, MDP, DTPA, MAG , DIS- 3 sources being used in various divi- IDA, DMSA, Phytate, H M PAO pyro- Radio and Nuclear sions of PINSTECH was prepared phosphate and glucoheptonate worth and physically verified. Radiation and Chemistry 5.32 million rupees were also sup- contamination survey of seven radi- plied during this period. Precursors Sorption behavior of Ag and Cr onto ography sources of INSPECTEST such as DISIDA, dl HMPAO, MIBI Polyurethane foam (PUF) loaded (Pvt.) Limited, Lahore was con- were synthesized locally. New cold with diphenylcarbazide; Eu, Tm, and m ducted. Radiation/contamination sur- kits for " Tc radiopharmaceuticals e. Hg on PUF loaded with pyridylazore- vey of Co-60 industrial gamma cam- g. Dextran, Ciprofloxacin, and sorcinol (PAR); and the Cr onto era and probe helium leak test was Adenosine were also formulated, unloaded PUF and loaded with trioc- done at SES, Islamabad. which are under clinical trials at dif- tyl phosphine oxide (TOPO) has ferent medical centres. R&D work been studied from different mineral The probe was found contaminated on preparation of highly concentrated acids. m with Co-60, which has been decon- solution of " Tc and improvements taminated. in labeling of MIBI and MAG are un- Parameters affecting the sorption 3 der way.

17 Environmental Monitoring pocket dosimeters, 98 radiation Field testing of nuclear instrument monitoring detectors, 7 neutron sur- modules developed at RIDG is in To ensure radiological safety of Paki- vey meters and 40 pen type/alarm progress at KCP-II. A new logarith- stani environment and general public dosimeters received from various mic amplifier has been developed radiation monitoring services were PAEC and non PAEC organizations and tested. A dc-dc converter, a provided to various PAEC and non- were calibrated and certificates were power supply and a pulse decoupling PAEC organizations on routine and issued. Therapy level calibration ser- unit has been designed, fabricated research basis. Radiological assess- vices were also provided for 2 ther- and tested. A logic-linear reactor ment of 263 air particulate samples apy level dosimeters and beam out- power measuring channel has been received from countrywide radiologi- put measurements of 4 teletherapy developed for KANUPP and tested at cal environmental monitoring net- units at various radiotherapy insti- PARR-1. A delayed neutron monitor- work was carried out. Radiometric tutes of the country were made. 275 ing channel for KANUPP is being de- analysis was performed in 1791 envi- TLDs and 4 ring type dosimeters signed. A handy portable device was ronmental samples (charcoal filter, were irradiated using Co-60/Cs-137 developed for radiation workers. pool water, sump water, etc) re- irradiation facilities. To provide qual- Three DC power supplies were de- ceived from different laboratories of ity services and maintain secondary veloped for HPD. Thirty seven trans- PINSTECH for the detection and standard instruments in adequate formers and seventy eight printed measurement of fission fragments agreement with international meas- circuit boards were made for repair, and activation products. Thyroid urement system, PINSTECH partici- research and development work. scanning facility was provided to 48 pated in therapy level IAEA TLD radiation workers of Iodine plant. postal dose inter-comparison pro- Services of mobile radiation monitor- gramme. The percentage deviation Computers ing laboratory (MRML) were ren- of PINSTECH result was in excellent Under PAK-CERN collaboration re- dered in emergency preparedness agreement with the IAEA mean search programme, compact muon and off-site radiological environ- measured dose. mental monitoring and hazard as- solenoid (CMS) events production sessment programme. Measure- site has been established in Com- ment of ambient gamma dose level Radioactive Waste puter Division. CMS events produc- around PINSTECH using G-2 TLD Management tion activity is based on Monte Carlo cards was made and an average production chain and includes all cal- 3 dose rate of 0.157 ± 0.041 (iGy was Approx. 927 m of low-level liquid culation steps of events' generation, 3 obtained. waste and 6.4 m of low-level solid simulation, digitization and recon- waste having short-lived beta/ struction. To establish CMS events gamma emitting radionuclides, reproduction site, CERN computing Radiation Dosimetry ceived from PARR-1, PARR-2, IPD environment was replicated. Thus a and NCD was disposed off after nec- PC cluster framework was estab- To ensure radiological safety of ra- essary treatment. About 15 kg of me- lished and all necessary production diation workers, personnel monitor- dium level solid waste was received tools were installed. CERN authori- ing services for external radiation from IPD for decay and disposal, re- ties then offered a no. of assign- monitoring were provided on country spectively. 154 samples of exhaust ments to test this local setup. After level, using TLD and film badge do- air from PARR-1, PARR-2 and IPD successful completion of these as- 131 signments, Pakistan was included in simetry. The services were provided ( | plant) were collected and got regional center (RC) list at CERN as on monthly basis to 2850 radiation monitored for any abnormal release. the only events production site in workers from 280 establishments. Bore-holes were monitored 11 times, Pakistan. Now-a-days PINSTECH is During this period about 25000 do- to check the underground move- participating in the pre-challenge pro- simeters were processed, 690 G-2, ment/migration of radionuclides from duction (PCP-03) activity. To partici- TLD cards for environmental/area disposal area. Five spent sealed ra- pate in the real time event production monitoring were provided to various diation sources were collected from groups of HPD, BC-1, KCP-II, and task data challenge (DC-04), Monte M/S Inspectest Lahore and placed in Carlo RunJab (McRunJob) was also ISL (Taunsa) and processed for the an interim storage. Research and determination of ambient dose. installed and commissioned at PIN- development work on immobilization/ STECH cluster. Progress of the solidification of radioactive waste and event production site can be viewed Secondary Standard standardization of procedures for the at the following address against the Dosimetry solidification of the secondary waste data set ID710.http://cmsdoc.cem. was carried out. ch/cms/production/www/cgi/data/ Secondary standard dosimetry facil- Statistics.php ity for the calibration of radiation Electronics Instrumentation monitoring/delivering equipment was provided to various establishments of Design and development of nuclear Goal of the face recognition system the country. During this period, 94 instruments modules and channels project was to detect and recognize protection level survey meters, 210 for a PAEC project is in progress. the human faces providing secure

18 identification solutions. In this project facial images of three persons were segmented out from complex background and their statistical parameters were calculated. These statistical parameters were given as input to the back propagation algorithm engine. This back propagation algorithm is developed in VC 6.00 using object oriented methods. The engine trained for three images produced excellent results. Work was completed at lab. level.

For the "Design and development of an expert system for process monitoring & control", all analog input signals coming from process are grouped in different screens. Each screen having different parameters displays on-line digital values up to six characters with graphics for a Main Hall of PINSTECH Library preset interval of time. The paramet- Scientific Information ric values can also be displayed separately with an enlarged graphics Many services of dissemination were users from PAEC and other R&D or- with all previous values. provided to different establishments ganizations. Similarly, IAEA's non- of PAEC and other R&D organiza- conventional literature (NCL) and The SUN computer systems contin- tions including selective dissemina- current contents database received ued to work satisfactorily round the tion of information (SDI) services weekly on floppy diskettes were also clock. Computational services worth from INIS database on monthly ba- provided to the users as and when Rs. 3.48 million against 3477.18 sis. Similarly SDI from other in-house required. As SID is the national cen- CPU hours were provided during the databases i.e. technical reports and ter for International Nuclear Informa- period. TOC's of journals received in SID tion System (INIS) in Pakistan, this were also provided to the respective year about 240 inputs were proc- A dynamic web-based online library users. During this period SDI ser- essed and sent to INIS database of package was developed using MySQL vices were provided extracting from IAEA. Similarly 120 documents have as database and PHP for server end pro- 48,452 documents from INIS data- been dispatched to INIS to assist gramming. A one week workshop on base, 20,155 documents from techni- IAEA as voluntary contribution by "Scientific computing for large hadron cal reports and 18,365 documents Pakistan. Other activities related to collider (LHC)" was arranged at National from TOC's of journals respectively. INIS and NEA databank of OECD Center for Physics (NCP), Islamabad for About 325 on-line retrospective have also been performed. 30 participants from NCP, COMSATS, search results were provided from KANUPP and HMC-III. INIS database on CD-ROM to the

19 BIO-SCIENCES

AGRICULTURE & BIOLOGY Three agriculture centres of PAEC namely Nuclear Institute of Agricul- ture (NIA), Nuclear Institute for Agri- culture and Biology (NIAB) and Nu- clear Institute for Food and Agricul- ture (NIFA), through their activities contributed towards promoting R&D .in agriculture sector of the country by utilizing application of nuclear techniques and other modern ap- proaches. The objective was to develop better adapted crops, increased yield, crop protection and optimum utilization of lands affected by water logging and salinity.

CROP IMPROVEMENT PROGRAMME NIAB, one ofPAEC's three agriculture centres Wheat The wheat varieties Sarsabz and ing different irrigation levels at differ- Kiran 95, evolved by NIA, have gen- ent locations in Sindh. The variety 2001-2002 and 2002-2003 and was erated an additional annual income confirmed its high yielding perform- disposed off in the province for fur- of Rs. 1568 million to the farmers of ance at different sites. ther seed multiplication and commercial utilization. Data regarding Sindh. New wheat variety Marvi Twelve future lines were evaluated plant height, fertile tillers/m2, matur- 2000 has been inducted in the sys- in zonal (multi-environmental) trials ity and spike architect was recorded tem after being approved by the at six sites in Sindh. A large number for all the NIFA/National yield trials Provincial Seed Council in its meet- of advance lines remained under and international observation nurs- ing held on 22nd 0ct.2002, for gen- evaluation for yield and yield com- eries. Necessary selection followed eral cultivation in the province of ponents in various yield trials. by roughing, harvesting and thresh- Sindh. ing was completed for all the trials 33.7 tons seed of different catego- and nurseries. Pre-basic seed of Sarsabz (7 ha), ries (BNS, Prebasic and certified) of Kiran 95 (4.2 ha) and Marvi-2000 the two NIFA wheat varieties i.e. Cotton (2.8 ha) varieties was multiplied on Bakhtawar-92 and Fakhre Sarhad Experimental Farm. The crop was produced during 2001-2002 and A new cotton variety SOHNI en- inspected and certified by of Federal 2002-2003. A new candidate wheat dowed with high yield, early maturity Seed Certification & Registration line CT-00231 was got included in and high lint ratio (GOT%) has been Department. NUWYT (2002-2003) for its first finally approved by Provincial Seed year mandatory evaluation for yield, Council in its meeting held on 22nd The seed of candidate varieties Bhi- disease resistance and adaptability Oct, 2002 for general cultivation in tai and Khirman was also multiplied through out Pakistan. The result of Sindh. It maintained its superiority in- on 1.6 ha and 0.2 ha respectively. the NUWYT planted at NIFA re- yield of seed cotton (kg/ha) and The proposal of candidate high vealed that the line CT-00231 ranked first among twelve varieties yielding disease resistant variety ranked third producing a grain yield of Sindh and Punjab while tested in Bhitai had been submitted to the of 4433 kg/ha against the 4217 kg/ comparative trials conducted by Technical sub-Committee for the ha of the check variety Fakhre Cotton Botanist, ARI, Tando Jam Approval of Varieties and Tech- Sarhad. during 2002. The approved variety niques, Government of Sindh. An- Chandi-95 is being grown over more other high yielding candidate variety About 38 tons of quality seed of the than 12000 ha and earned an eco- Khirman was evaluated in the low two rainfed wheat varieties Tatara nomic return of 503 million rupees water requirement trials by manag- and Takbeer was produced during since release to 2001-02.

2t The requisite testing and evaluation 600 kg pure seed of NIAB lrri-9 was About 240-kg BNS and 200 kg Pre- of mutant NIAB-98 a candidate vari- produced and supplied to the pro- basic seed of Abasin-95 was devel- ety for commercial release has been gressive growers, private seed cor- oped at NIFA for maintaining the completed. To meet the seed re- porations and Punjab Seed Corpora- seed purity of this variety. Seed from quirements for approval, seed multi- tion for further multiplication. Five 141 progeny rows and 245 single plication is in progress. A proposal of single plant progenies of Kashmir plants was also harvested for raising NIAB-999 was presented in the Basmati were planted in the field. BNS and plant- progenies respec- meeting of experts sub committee for Sixty Kg pre basic seed was pro- tively next year. A total of 102 rape- its approval based on the 2 years duced and supplied to the Agriculture seed/mustard mutants and hybrids yield performance in NCV and DGR Department of Azad Kashmir. were evaluated in eight advanced trials. Later Punjab Seed Council in yield trials. its meeting held at Lahore on 23rd Chickrpea April, 2003, approved NIAB-999 for A new research project entitled general cultivation. True to type seed 175 plant progenies in M2 generation, "Development of canola quality mus- of NIAB-999 and of candidate strain 76 advance mutant lines and 690 hy- tard (ß. juncea) genotypes" was (NIAB-111) was supplied to different brid progenies of (F4-F5) were awarded. Based on visual observa- seed producing agencies and pro- screened in the blight nursery at tions, selection of 53 desirable puta- gressive cotton growers in Punjab NIAB, AARI Faisalabad and NARC tive mutants were selected.AII the and Sindh provinces. Islamabad. 13 mutant lines exhibited elite and advanced breeding material consistent resistant reaction (3-5) of rapeseed, canola and mustard Rice across the location. Multilocational mutant lines were screened for the yield trials of advance desi and ka- desirable quality traits such as fatty The Varietal Evaluation Committee buli chickpea mutant lines were laid acid composition, total oil, glucosi- (VEC) in its meeting held on April 23, out at six different locations. Mutant nolate and protein contents etc. on 2003 at PARC HQ Islamabad unani- CM3837/97 exhibited the highest Near Infrared Reflectance Spectros- mously approved high yielding, good yield. copy System (NIRS, Foss 6500). grain quality variety, Sarshar for general cultivation in Sindh and Ba- 300 single plant progenies each of Two Advanced Yield Trails consisted lochistan. good looking true to type plants of of 36 potential mutants of rape & CM2000 and CM98 were planted for mustard were conducted simultane- Pre-basic seed (1772 kg) of rice va- production of pre-basic seed. 40 kg ously at three different locations viz. rieties (Shadab, Shua-92, Khushboo- pre-basic seed each of CM2000 and NIFA, Peshawar, BARI, Chackwal 95 and Sarshar) was grown and sup- CM98, and 567 kg and 179 kg certi- and NIA, Tandojam under IAEA plied to progressive farmers of Sindh fied seed of CM2000 and CM98 re- Technical Co-Operation Project . and Balochistan provinces for multi- spectively was produced at NIAB lines 2K-99 of rapeseed and 2K-1 of plication and post release verification Seed Farm Kundian. mustard has been selected as future trials.These varieties covers about candidate lines. 58% of the total area of Sindh prov- 33 advanced mutants derived from ince under rice. An additional annual the mutagenized populations of Pb- Fresh mutagenized population "M-i income of Rs. 1555.2 million has 91 along with check varieties were generations" of oilseed rape / mus- been generated through the cultiva- evaluated in three sets of replicated tard under new IAEA Research Con- tion of these varieties. yield trials at NIFA research field. tract "Exploitation of physical map- The plant height and days to maturity ping technologies for the breeding of A high yielding short stature mutant of all the high yielding mutants in canola mutants in oilseed brassicas" namely NIAB-2000 (aromatic) al- these trials were at par to the stan- were raised at NIFA, Peshawar as ready tested in NURYT ranked first dard check varieties. well as at Hill Agriculture Research in yield on average basis throughout Station Kaghan. Oil quality of aboul Pakistan. 1500 samples of different brassica 32 entries from 10 countries of the Oilseed Brassica oilseeds breeding material was de- region were planted in an IAEA Re- termined on Near Infrared System On the basis of high yield and other gional Rice Mutant Multilocation Trial FOSS-6500 through non-destructive agronomic traits, 10 rapeseed and data on various morphological and with out using any kind of chemi- (Brassica napus) varieties (canola traits and disease reaction were re- cals, during the period under report. type), 10 mustard (B.juncea) strains / corded. Mutants from Bangladesh varieties (zaid kharif), 9 mutant strains produced highest paddy yield fol- Sesame of Agati Sarhein (B.juncea), 4 mutants lowed by those from Thailand. On strains of Toria Selection-A (B. the basis of grain characteristics and Small-scale multiplication of mutants campestris) and 4_mutant strains of S- yield a mutant from Thailand is being Pr. 114-2-MS 1, Pr. 19-9-100-94-10 9 (B.juncea) were evaluated in yield multiplied for National Uniform Rice and S-17-6-94 was carried out. The trials. All the mutants showed better Yield Trial (NURYT) testing. germ plasm consisting of 107 entries performance than parents and check. was maintained for utilization in na-

21 tional breeding program. Germplasm local mungbean genotypes along 2000-01 has been promoted to na- comprising 106 genotypes of local with standard check varieties were tional trials. In LUNYT 2001-02 can- and exotic origin have been planted evaluated for yield and some impor- didate variety AEL 49/20 stood 1st in in the field for evaluation. M1 genera- tant agronomic traits in replicated Sindh. tion of 11 genotypes has been raised yield trials at NIFA during kharif after treating the seed with eight split 2002. Sugarcane doses of gamma irradiation for crea- The sugarcane variety NIA-98 cov- tion genetic variability. An elite line NM 1 secured first position in Mungbean National Uniform ered more than 2000 acres of land Yield Trial during the year 2000-2001 during 2002 and has brought an ad- Castorbean and 2001-2002. Single plant proge- ditional income of about Rs. 70.19 nies of this line were grown and uni- million to the farmers since its re- About 30 germplasm lines have been lease. collected from different sources and form progenies were selected. planted in the field for further evalua- On the basis of better performance tion. Seed of variety DS-30 was irra- Lentil for cane yield, pol% and sugar yield, diated with 100-1000 Gy of gamma The Breeder Nucleus Seed (BNS) of in zonal trial, clone AEC86-347 was radiation for the creation of genetic NIAB Masoor 2002 was produced at advanced in national trials (NUCVT), variability. 129 M-i single plants prog- NIAB. Four lentil elite lines viz. NL The clone AEC86-347 showed prom- eny rows have been raised in the 20-9-4, NL 20-27-2, NL 20-39 and ising performance. The clone field for selection of desirable mu- NL 768-2-1 were evaluated in Lentil AEC86-347 was tested for agro- tants in M2 generation. National Uniform Yield Trials. nomic trials and post harvest losses as pre-release requirement of a vari- Mungbean 150 selections were made in the ety. segregating germplasm originating Efforts were made for induction of from the crosses of exotic and local Banana mungbean variety AEM-96 in the germplasm. Twenty cross combina- cropping pattern of agriculture in tions involving alien germplasm from Thirteen banana clones having ge- Sindh province. ICARDA, Syria and indigenous land- nomic combinations of AAA, AAAA races having acceptable seed coat and AAAB were imported / collected The area under mungbean is gradu- colour and quality traits were made. from INIBAP, Belgium, as in vitro prolif- ally increasing and the variety covers Candidate variety AEL 23/40 evalu- erating material and these are being around 2000 ha in Sindh. High qual- ated in Lentil National Uniform Yield multiplied at NIA, Tando Jam for rapid ity pre-basic seed (1374 kg) was pro- Trials, ranked 4th on Pakistan basis multiplication through micropropaga- duced and made available to the pro- and 2nd on Sindh basis in seed yield. tion technique. Micropropagules ot gressive growers, 37 advanced re- basrai has been established for in-vitro combinants derived from eight differ- Another candidate variety AEL 49/20 mutagenesis. The LDso for banana mi- ent cross combinations resulted from which gave the highest seed yield cropropagules has been studied . the crosses between the exotic and (1602 kg/ha) in zonal trials during Vegetables

To meet the increasing demand of vegetables in the country and to save huge amount of foreign exchange on the import of Hybrid Seed of different vegetables, research on vegetables has recently been initiated at NIAB. Initially the focus of breeding activities is on tomato. The main objectives of tomato breeding are development of high yielding tomato varieties and hybrid seed production.

ENTOMOLOGY

Sugarcane borers NIA helped in maintaining production of the laboratories established at Al- Noor Sugar Mills, Moro, Habib Sugar Successful application of bio-control technology in sugar cane crop Mills, Nawabshah, Fauji Sugar Mills,

22 Khoski and Matiari Sugar Mills, Ma- (MAT and BAT) reduced population were taken after 24, 48 and 12 hrs. tiari, by providing host and parasitoid incidence, fruit infestation and dam- Results showed that Curacron cultures and the expert services. age by 73.3 - 85.9%, 51.1 - 66.3% 500EC, Thiodan 35EC and Somialfa and 68.3 - 85.4% respectively at Ko- 110EC caused 100% mortality after The laboratories produced the re- hat and Haripur. Similarly in bio- 72 hrs in Ist instar larvae. Thiodan quired number of parasitoids for the pesticide (Neem oil) treated orchard, 35EC and Curacron 500EC caused treatment of more than 0,2 million the decrease ranged between 43.5 - also 100% mortality after 72 hrs in 3rc acres of sugarcane crop in the four 78.9%, 44.8 - 73.6% and 75.2 - instar larvae. districts of Sindh during 2002-2003 79.8% for population incidence, fruit seasons. infestation and damage respectively. Rice borers Relative abundance of species Fruit flies showed that Bactrocera zonata was Genotypic responses of 65 rice dominant (97.9%) at Kohat while B. genotypes (36 aromatic and 29 non Six chemicals proved effective and dorsalis (84.4%) at Haripur. Two fruit aromatic) showed that among aro- captured higher number of females fly parasites Dichasmimorpha and matic genotypes, Basmati-15-1 har- of peach fruit fly. The chemical PRH- Tribliographa were also recorded boured minimum infestation of rice DA-3.7 captured maximum number from these areas. stem borers and gave the best grain ofthe females as compared to rest of yield followed by Khushboo-95. the chemicals tested, followed by Cotton pest PRH-DA-4.6 and PRH-DA-1.9. Re- On the other hand, the variety sults indicated that a mixture of am- The Jassids appeared on cotton crop 'Sonahri Sugdasi (P)' harboured the monia and protein hydrolyzate at- st from the 1 week of May and highest borers attack and yielded the tracted more number of females as rd reached to the peak in the 3 week lowest. Among the non-aromatic compared to the others. of August. The thrip population genotypes, Sarshar received the reached to the economic threshold in least infestation and generated high- Traps baited with the attractants, in- the last week of May. Population of est grain yield whereas, the geno- dicated that all the trap design cap- whiteflies reached to economic injury type IR6-15-10 harboured maximum tured varying number of flies but level in the 2nd week of May and re- infestation and yielded less grain. closed bottom dry traps with two mained at the same level upto the 1st holes captured the highest number of week of September. The maximum fruit flies followed by closed bottom number of whiteflies was recorded in Brassica aphids dry trap with three holes. Catches of the 3rd week of August. fruit flies showed some selectiveness The canola genotype W-97-0.75/11 with the trap design and the chemi- Six different agricultural grade (AG) was observed as resistant while. cals used. insecticides were bio-assessed in CON-III was found most suscepti- recommended doses against H. ar- ble for aphid infestation. Whereas, Studies under ALP fruit fly project migera under controlled laboratory the brassica genotype Agati sarson indicated that application of IPM conditions. Observations on mortality (P) received the least aphid attack and produced the highest yield followed by S-9-S-97-100/48. TSA- 1005/95 showed the most sensitivity and failed to sustain its yield at desired level.

Pulse beetle

The genotypic responses revealed that none of the tested genotypes have shovyn complete resistance against pulse beetle. But .wide range of variations existed in population built up of adult insects, percentage of grain damage and weight of the frass material. The maximum number of adults was observed in genotype L1 P5/5/89. while minimum in AEM-96. Mean percentage weight losses were maximum in genotype L1 P5 /5/89 Screening for salt tolerance in rice and minimum in AEM-96.

23 Gram pod borer

Screening of chickpea plants against chickpea pod borer exhibited partial resistance in some mutants. Phero- mone traps installed at Karak, showed the start of chickpea pod borer activity in February 2003 reaching its peak in March. Applica- tion of water extract of neem (6%) reduced chickpea pod borer larval population by 51% and pod damage by 42%.

Results indicated that genotype No. 96051 of chickpea was susceptible in holding larval population, pods infestation and least grain yield, while genotype C-727 was observed as the highest grain yielding and holding the least pod infestation. This finding of resistance can be exploited for the management of gram pod borer infestation in chickpea crop. Screening for salt tolerance in wheat at seedling stage PLANT MOLECULAR BREEDING under normal soil conditions, LP-7 Germination of 100 wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) genotypes tested under Local rice varieties, upland rice was dominant variety showing the highest microbial population (2:06 x control and water stress (-0.25, - Oryza galaberrima and some lines 7 0.5, -0.75 & -1.0 MPa through PEG- carrying chromatin from upland rice 10 ), whereas, IR-6 manifested the lowest microbial density (5.8 x 106). 6000). Fifty-seven genotypes have were tested for tolerance to water shown better response to all stress stress. It was found that the varieties treatments, while 43 showed variable and lines that showed better toler- PLANT PHYSIOLOGY response at -0.75 and -1.0 MPa. ance to water stress produced more heat shock proteins (HSPs) or even The research in the field was fo- Wheat genotypes have been grown showed small amounts of HSPs in cused to enhance the crop productiv- in cemented tanks to study potas- control plant profiles indicating ac- ity by undertaking the stress toler- sium induced salinity tolerance. The quired thermo tolerance type of re- ance physiology and exploring ways wheat genotypes showed increased sponse. to cultivate sub-optimal lands profita- seedling growth due to process of bly such as: screening for salinity external K under salinity (100 mM Experiments were conducted to stan- and drought tolerance in cereals and NaCI). dardize procedures for seed protein oil seeds and study of physiological fingerprinting of wheat varieties. responses of these crops under sa- Wheat cultivars were grown to conduct the experiment, using growth Some lines were found having better line and drought environments; (ii) regulator NAA and acetyl salicylic quality, more high molecular weight alleviation of the effects of salinity by acid. It was observed that NAA and glutenins, than the available varieties using phytohormones; and (iii) acetyl salicylic acid enhanced the and may be used for future improve- chemical control of minimizing boll yield of the wheat. Field experiment ment of wheat. drop in cotton and increasing yield in on minimizing fruit drop in cotton (cv. wheat. Sohni) with different growth regula- Microbial diversity was evaluated Screening studies for the identifica- tors/chemical spray was done using from ricç field soil with varied levels tion of sunflower varieties suited for different concentration at NIA experi- of salt stress. A total of 112 bacterial cultivation in normal and saline lands mental field. It was observed that strains were selected, isolated and remained in progress. On the basis spray of acetyl salicylic acid en- maintained. The number of organ- of evaluation of comparative per- hanced the boll retention. isms determined in different soil sam- formance, these varieties under nor- ples revealed population sizes of up mal, saline conditions at seedling to 2.06 x 10 cells per g of soil. stage and growing them up to matur- SOIL SCIENCE Among 16 rice varieties observed ity. Some varieties were found to be Work on the project Evaluation of salt tolerant and having more than NIFA advanced legumes lines/ geno- 50% oil content.

24 types forBNF capability continued, PLANT PATHOLOGY leaf rust races were found highly and it was found that NIFA-95 pro- virulent on 94% of the commercial duced maximum nodulation and de- Chickpea lines (474 entries) received varieties tested while Faisalabad-83. rived maximum N from atmosphere. from NIAB, NARC, AARI were Sarsabz, Punjab-96, Shakhar-95 and While Pyrifos was the most harmful screened against Fusarium wilt in the Soghat were found resistant to both insecticide for chickpea Rhizobia wilt-sick field. On the basis of early BYD and loose smut. For building up population of the soil, Larsban was wilt incidence, 190 lines were resis- multiple disease resistance more found to have no effect on nodulation tant, 102 moderately resistant, and than 130 lines from NIFA, NIA and and soil Rhizobial counts in experi- 19 were highly susceptible. Later the national wheat improvement pro- ment "Effect of insecticides on soil wilt incidence increased drastically grammes were evaluated and techni- population of chickpea Rhizobia". and no entry remained highly resis- cal data has been provided to the tant, 3 were resistant, 8 were moder- concerned quarter. A new project " Enhancing wheat ately resistant rest were either sus- productivity through efficient irriga- ceptible or highly susceptible. Search for novel and superior tion practices" was started with the sources of disease resistance was objective to identify most sensitive 52 entries/varieties of basmati rice carried out from 900 exotic wheat and tolerant stages of crops to water and coarse rice were screened for lines planted by NIFA wheat breed- deficit. Preliminary results indicated resistance against Bacterial Leaf ers. Performance data with regard to that the boot was the most and the Blight (BLB) and blast diseases un- resistance level of each line against milky the least sensitive stages of der field conditions at NIAB. No en- prevailing diseases have been pro- wheat crop to water stress. try/variety was found resistant to vided to the concerned breeder for BLB, only one entry PARC-185 was further improvement. Results of foliar feeding of crops indi- found moderately resistant while re- Field and Lab. Research project on cated that yield of crops increased maining were moderately susceptible various aspects of tomato and cu- when N and P were applied together to highly susceptible. Against blast cumber pathology was undertaken foliarly. disease, four entries/varieties found and successfully completed which highly resistant 15 were found resis- was funded by Pak-Swiss Project for Under the Farmers Participatory Sa- tant and remaining were moderately Horticultural Promotion (PHP) in line Agriculture Project, three demon- resistant to highly susceptible. NWFP. stration plots were developed where nurseries of salt tolerant grasses and Occurrence of six major diseases of BIOLOGICAL CHEMISTRY forest/fruit trees were transplanted. wheat i.e. yellow rust, leaf rust, loose Formation of five community organi- smut, helminthosporium leaf blotch, Eucalyptus leaf oil from five different zations was also completed. Training basal glume rot and BYD were de- species, collected from Punjab For- of the community for nursery raising tected during field studies. Preva- estry Research Institute, Faisalabad, and successful adoption of biosaline lence of these diseases varied be- was extracted and analyzed . The technology continued. Prospects of tween 19-86% in wheat material oil of Eucalyptus crehra was found to aqua, bee and poultry development grown at NIFA. Currently prevailing be the most suitable for medicinal in the area were being studied.

Studies conducted with wheat to monitor the residual impact of cotton- legume intercropping showed significant positive response in terms of higher grain harvests. The magni- tude of increase varied from 21.8 to 28.6% depending upon the competitive effect of different cotton cultivars.

Long term studies conducted to assess the suitability of MOP v/s SOP in wheat-cotton-wheat cropping system revealed that MOP though cheaper than SOP should not be applied as a K source to crops, since cumulative application of MOP for 10 years elevated the soil test chloride levels by 50-60%, which inflicted det- rimental effect on cotton and wheat Effect of humic acid on tomato fruit yield harvests.

25 purposes as it contained maximum oil (1.47%), free from phalendrene and having 1,8 cineole above 70%. The oil extracted from Eucalyptus citriodora may be useful in perfumery as it was found containing high concentration of lemon scented compound, citronellal (74.65%).

FOOD SCIENCES Irradiation treatment of fresh poultry meat and fish increased the total volatiles especially in fish samples. The concentration of carbonyls and sulfur containing compounds increased with the increase of radiation dose. ESR studies on bone samples of chicken irradiated with dose range of 1-5 kGy revealed that asym- metrical spectrum was quite different from the spectra observed in un- irradiated chicken bone indicating the Studies on susceptibility of 12 wheat Detection limit for aflatoxin B1 of possibility of use of ESR as a tool for varieties to Angoumois grain moth about 5 ng/L was achieved. the identification of irradiated food (Sitotroga cerealella Oliv.) revealed stuffs. that moth progeny produced was sig- About 73% of commercial feeds and nificantly low (83.67) with minimum 85% feed components contained Minimally processed and irradiated weight loss (5.52%) in Chakwal 86 tomatoes stored at 15°C for 2 weeks aflatoxin B1. Highest values were followed by Blue Silver, Pasban 90 recorded in layer starter crumbs were within safe microbiological lim- and Parwaz 94 indicating resistance its on the basis of total bacterial and (15.8 ug/g) and corn meal (14.7 ug/ to S. cereallella. Highest number of g) in feeds and its components, re- fungal counts when exposed to 2.5 moths emerged in Iqbal 99 (159.67) kGy dose of radiation. In the case of spectively. inflicting maximum weight loss Through an exposure dose of 20 Gy cabbage bacterial counts of 2 kGy (13.75%) followed by Kohistan 97, were within permissible limits while a to the dormant bud of the highly MH-97, D-97 and Chenab-99 exhib- seeded (25 + 5 seeds/fruit) parents dose of 2.5 kGy completely decon- ited susceptibility to the grain moth. taminated the sample from fungal kinnow (Citrus reticulata Blanco), a Higher number of moth emergence sparse seeded (5 + 3 seeds/fruit) colonies up to 14 days at refrigerated and grain weight loss had positive storage. mutant has been evolved. Fruit qual- and significant impact on wheat grain ity attributes both in the parent kin- susceptibility. Studies on development of low cost now and its seedless mutant resem- ble very closely except the number of bottled fruits/vegetables were initi- Important macro- and micro- ele- seeds per fruit. The continuity of the ated. Bottled peas of (local variety) ments in different chickpea and lentil induced mutation upto mV was con- were pretreated using different com- genotypes were determined. Potas- 4 firmed during the period under re- bined treatments and packaged in sium, Mg, Mn and Cu were higher in port. During the flowering period glass bottles for subsequent analy- chickpea, Na and P contents were (March - April) 2003, fruiting in 5 sis. higher in lentil whereas Ca, Fe and plants of the mV progeny was re- Zn contents were comparable in both 5 corded. POST-HARVEST the pulses. Coefficient of variation TECHNOLOGY (CV) for different elements varied from 4.76% (Mn) to 15.09% (Na) in ANIMAL HEALTH AND Grains of 22 chickpea genotypes, chickpea and 7.66% (Na) to 21.39% REPRODUCTION NIAB, were screened for resistance (P) in lentil. Correlations between to pulse beetle (Callosobruchus protein content and different minerals 7700 vials (77,000 vaccine doses) of analis F.). The results revealed that in chickpea were not significant. the Haemorrhagic spticaemia (HS) number of eggs laid, adults emerged, vaccine were prepared and sold in grain weight loss and number of A highly sensitive method was stan- the local market worth 0.70 million damaged grains was significantly low dardized for the detection of aflatoxin rupees where as 12000 vials (1.2 in CM 3142-2, CM-88, Pb-91, CM- B1 residues in poultry feed and its million doses) of NIAB Newcastle 3142-3 and CM-72 indicating resis- components using Enzyme Linked disease (ND) vaccine were prepared tance to the insect pest. Immuno Sorbant Assay (ELISA). and sold earning 0.54 million rupees.

26 A research project worth 21.77 mil- Rs.19,700) and increase in soil fertil- Molecular characterization of this re- lion rupees was awarded by Ministry ity can be obtained by the farmers. sistance breaking strain revealed of Science and Technology for mass that DNA beta associated with Bure- production of HS, Black Quarter and Organic wastes, such as Filter cake wala strain is 92 % homologous to Infectious Bursal Disease vaccine (FC) from sugar mills and Poultry DNA beta reported to be associated under self reliance programme. waste (PW) from poultry industry, with CLCuV-Multan of 1992-93 epi- Most of the equipments and their re- were integrated with chemical fertil- demic. A PCR based test has been lated consumables and chemicals izer, single super phosphate (SSP), developed to differentiate Burewala have been purchased for preparation in 2:1 P ratio; and evaluated against strain from the old strain. Chillies and sale of vaccines. SSP applied. Data showed that in- were identified as a new host of cot- crease in rate of P application signifi- ton leaf curl virus with widespread SALINITY AND ENVIRON- cantly increased plant height, num- occurrence in Vehari and other dis- MENTAL MANAGEMENT ber of tillers per plant, straw and tricts. grain yield as well as phosphorus uptake in grain over control. Optimum P A novel disease on melon showing Experiments on adaptability of new 1 cultivars of wheat, brassica and sun- rate ranged from 50 to 100 mg kg" leaf curling and enations on the top flower in saline environment were soil for getting maximum yield. The of the leaf was recorded on melon in conducted. Farmers of Shorkot and study revealed that integrated use of Vehari and Sahiwal districts. This Lodhran area under Saline Agricul- PW and SSP in 2:1 P ratio could devastating disease was found to be ture Farmer Participatory Develop- prove more economical substitute for associated with a begomovirus and ment Project (SAFPDP) showed the expensive chemical fertilizer. DNA beta. great interest in cultivation of salt tolerant varieties of these crops due to Studies on C and N transformations Coat protein gene of potato leaf roll their excellent performance. Field in soil revealed that the rate of nitrifi- virus (PLRV) has been isolated, trials on the use of fertilizer/soil cation was significantly enhanced at cloned, characterized and se- amendments like phosphoric acid, elevated C02 levels. This observa- quenced. nutricalcium, calcium chloride manu- tion is important in terms of nitrifica- factured locally by the Sitara Chemi- tion vis-à-vis organic matter decom- Genetic Engineering of cal Industries, Faisalabad, revealed position and nitrification-mediated Plants encouraging results in the saline en- N20 emission to the atmosphere. Elevated C0 also had a significant vironments. 2 Evaluation of transgenic cotton positive effect on growth and N fixa- 2 (Cocker and elite cultivars) for virus tion in leguminous crops like Tri- At BSRS-II, Pacca Anna, more than resistance at NIBGE as well as Ve- folium and Sesbania. 14,000 seedlings of salt tolerant tree/ hari Research Station conducted for shrub species were transplanted in the last and two years. Transforma- the newly prepared land for agrofor- BIOTECHNOLOGY tion of cotton with newly designed estry trials and about 8600 kg seeds AND truncated replicase gene and RNAi of different salt tolerant plants were based constructs of CLCuV and po- supplied to various project sites in GENETIC tato transformation with RNAi based Pakistan. ENGINEERING construct of coat protein gene of PLRV have been started. SOIL BIOLOGY & PLANT At the Center of Excellence National NUTRITION Institute of Biology and Genetic Engi- Rice Molecular Biology and neering, six Divisions, namely, Plant Transformation To utilize the fallow period of 75 to Biotechnology, Biofertilizer, Industrial 90 days after harvesting of wheat Biotechnology, Bioprocess Technol- Bacterial blight resistance pCa21) and before transplanting of rice crop, ogy, Health Biotechnology and Envi- gene was introduced into Super Bas- a short duration Mungbean variety ronmental Biotechnology remained mati alongwith other varieties like (NM-92) was sown in last week of involved in research work related to Basmati-385. Integration of the trans- April. Crop was grown without any Agriculture, Industry, Health and En- gene was confirmed in eight trans- vironment. fertilizer inputs; however, three irriga- genic lines. T0 seeds were collected tions were applied. Pods were har- and sown in May 2003 to raise Ti vested at 90% maturity, and 1295 kg PLANT BIOTECHNOLOGY generation. grains ha"1 (containing 48.6 kg N) worth more than. Rs.19,000 was ob- Molecular Virology A synthetic spider neurotoxin gene, tained from this legume crop. This known to confer resistance against study showed that by growing a short A particularly virulent strain of cotton the lepidopteron larvae, was got syn- duration Mungbean crop between leaf curl virus (CLCuV) that has over- thesized based on polypeptide se- wheat and rice, a significant benefit come disease resistance has quence through reverse engineering. in terms of money (more than emerged recently (2002) in Pakistan. This gene was introduced in tobacco

27 through Agrobacterium mediated were characterized for their effec- ultra structure localization in the transformation method. Further study tiveness on host plant in three types rhizosphere of cotton. regarding its expression in the trans- of soils. These strains have also genic plants and characterization, of been tested for phosphate solubiliza- Azotobactor sp. S-8 was found below the toxin protein is in progress. tion ability and only on strain from the epidermal layer in contrast to the Pigeon pea showed the ability to Enterobactor sp., which resided only Plant Genomics solubilize phosphate. Only five in the crevices present in character- strains showed cross reactivity. Bio- istic foldings of cotton root cells. Genetic diversity between 19 differ- fertilizer, (Biopower) has been devel- Polyclonal antibodies raised against ent rice germplasm lines along with oped for Pigeon pea and Sesbania. S-1 and S-8 strains were sensitive Bas. 370, Bas. 385 and Super Bas- and specific. mati was estimated using forty (40) Biocontrol of Pathogenic different RAPD primers. This study Diseases by Using PGPR Immunogold Labeling to indicated that Basmati varieties have Study Nodule Co-occupancy very distinct relation with the used Role of PGPRs isolated from rice land-races and these germplasm can rhizosphere against Fusarium sp. and Immunogold labeling of cowpea nod- be used to incorporate useful traits Xanthomonas oryzae that cause fungal ule sections that were formed either after proper screening against biotic blight and bacterial blight respectively through inoculation of Bradyrhizo- and abiotic stresses. in rice is being studied. Five PGPR bium strains TAL-102 alone, or by strains have been screened for their combined inoculation with TAL-102 Tissue Culture Technology effect on Xanthomonas oryzae. PGPR and Agrobacterium Ca-18, was car- strain Z.4.1 inhibited the growth of Xan- ried out. The nodules were formed A novel direct regeneration system thomonas oryzae. only with Bradyrhizobium strain TAL- has been developed where 2 to 3 102, but Agrobacterium Ca-18 co- thousands tiny original plants from Screening of Bacteriocin exists with TAL-102 within the in- single leafy top are produced usually Producing Rhizobium fected nodule cells. which are discarded in traditional tis- Strains sue culture technology where only 5- Effect of Bio-Power and Fun- 6 plants per cane top are being de- Fifteen different strains of Rhizobium veloped. It is being anticipated that have been screened for bacteriocin gicide Application on Wheat the newly developed system will reproduction. The Rhizobium legumi- duce time from 15 years to 3-5 nosarum bv. viciae strain Lc-31 was Lab experiments and field trials were years, for mass propagation of a de- the best as bacteriocin producer. conducted to study the effect of fun- sired elite/transgenic line, and this is This strain has been used as refer- gicide on inoculated seeds. In the lab the first system of its own kind in ence for the screening of other experiment, the effect of four com- monocots to develop transgenic Rhizobium strains. monly used fungicides was tested on plants and is trade marked as Smart the growth of 20 different PGPR Greencane™ Seedlings. Molecular Ecological Stud- strains. Vitavax and Darosal de- creased the number of cells bul ies of Rhizobacteria Characterization of Chickpea Benlate and Captan did not show Nodules Isolates Conditions have been optimized for harmful effect on bacterial growth. DNA extraction directly from soil to Similar observation were made when 14 typical and atypical chickpea nod- understand the importance of bacte- young wheat roots from field were ule isolates were characterized by ria associated with rhizosphere of subjected to MPN count through se- using RAPD analysis and16S rRNA different crops. The study has been rial dilution. gene amplification. Typical started to explore the microbial com- Mesorhizobium (IC94, IC2002 and munities on molecular basis. The Culture Collection and TAL-1148) and atypical (Ca-18) were DNA has been extracted from 6 Maintenance used as reference strains. 16S rRNA wheat rhizosphere soil samples (0.5g and RAPD of 18 typical and atypical each) and purified for further analy- Forty four PGPR strains isolated chickpea isolates placed typical isolates ses *to assess the contribution and from sugar cane, rice, pigeon pea in Mesorhizobium genus while atypical role of these microbes in the and sesbania were preserved on isolates in genus Agrobacterium. rhizosphere. slants and in 20% glycerol. Three rhizobial strains of chickpea and re- Characterization of Pigeon Ultrastructure Localization ceived from Purtagal were also pre- pea and Sesbania Nodule of Cotton and Maize Root served. One Azorhrizobium strain Isolates Associated PGPRs received from England was also preserved in BIRCIN culture collection. Twenty-one PGPR strains from Twenty (Brady)rhizobium strains iso- The randomly selected PGPR strains maize were revived from preserved lated from Pigeon pea and Sesbania S-1 and S-8 were studied for their

28 Production of biochemicals

Among different fungal strains . R3. R5, R14 and R17 gave invertase activity of 10.52 , 13.32, 10.15 and 12.26 U/ml/min at 37 °C respectively in SSF. In submerged fermentation on 4 % sucrose maximum enzyme activity obtained was 43.86. 48.28, 32.16 & 17.6 U/ml/min at-37 c C respectively after 48 h of fermentation. It was observed that wheat bran is good carbon source for invertase production and gave 5580 U/ flask using 5 g substrate in each flask.

Bacillus licheniformis, wheat bran supported 150 lU/ml in solid state fermentation and 92 lU/ml in submerged fermentation Production of - amylase by Bacillus strain was both collection and again processed for (TH 1) while 46-47% for H. insolens (HI growth- and non-growth-associated. long-term storage. 1) as compared to wild parent strain. It was also observed that its production was constitutive as well. Activa- Production and Distribution Characterization of tion energy of starch hydrolysis using of BioPower industrial enzymes different enzyme preparations derived from different Bacillus spp. indi- About 2000 cotton BioPower bags Invertase was produced in SSF and cated that they needed varying were provided to the farmers in Dera purified to homogeneity level using amounts of activation energy for hy- Ghazi Khan, Muzafar garh, Kabeer ammonium sulphate precipitation, drolysis of 1M starch and deactiva- Wala, Multan, Melsi areas. Field ex- and FPLC chromatography. The pu- tion of enzyme. periments regarding the evaluation of rified enzyme was immobilized in cotton BioPower were conducted in Polyacrylamide gel to study the ki- In order to improve the delta en- "CCRI, Multan and PAEC project netic and thermodynamic bahaviour dotoxin proteins the Bacillus thur- area, D. G. Khan. 12,000 bags of of immobilized and free enzymes. ingiensis (Bt), subsp kurstaki strain Rice BioPower were provided to the Xylanases produced by Chaetomium NSTD was mutated using UV to se- farmers in Hafiz abad, Pindi Bhatian, thermophile purified to homogeneity lect mutants of Bt named M1-90, M2- Shiekhu Pura, and related field ar- level were characterized for their mo- 90, M3-90, and M1-150 which were eas. Commercial promotion of Bio- lecular and kinetic properties. enriched on 1% 2 deoxy-D-glucose Power is also going on in Naseera- in NYSM liquid medium and selected on above solid medium. bad, Kot Allahyaar and Badin Saline Production of Ethanol/ stations. Methane Fossil Fuel Biotechnology INDUSTRY A derepressed mutant of Saccharo- myces cerevisiae was isolated. The Work on upscaling of coal biodepyri- Isolation of Mutants of comparative studies were performed tization process was continued and a to compare the parental and derep- 20 ton experimental heap ol Chaetomium thermophile Khushab coal having dimensions 8m & Humicola lanuginosa ressed mutant by using sucrose to observe substrate uptake, ethanol x 5m x 1,5m was constructed for this formation, and invertase formation purpose. Elemental analysis of solid Fifteen putative mutants of Chae- parameters. All kinetic parameters coal samples taken at 7 days interval tomium thermophile and Humicola for substrate utilization and ethanol from different points of heap showed lanuginosa were characterized for production for parent strain of S. cer- about 45-60% decrease in pyritic sul- production of xylanases in sub- evisiae were studied on 15% total fur within 5 weeks. Experiments were merged fermentation. An overall im- sugars in molasses at different tem- also conducted to explore the en- provement of 1.4-fold was attained peratures. Thermotolerant mutant zyme system involved in the oxida- for xylanase activity..The mutational was 1.45-fold improved over its pa- tion of various energy sources such as results showed a significant increase rental culture for ethanol production ferrous ions, sulfur and pyrite by bacte- of 40-42% in case of H. lanuginosus at 40 °C. ria involved in coal biodesulfurization.

29 it important to understand various mechanisms of Wrulence and pathogenicity associated with Salmonella typhi infection. In recent years, biofilm production has come to the fore as one ofthe major mechanisms of bacterial pathogenicity.

The findings suggested that the ability of bacteria to attach to each other and to surface depend in part on interaction of hydrophobic domains.

il Efforts have been made for the characterization of biofilm matrix. Multi- plex PCR conditions for molecular identification of pathogenic Salmo- nella species were optimized. Fifteen strains have been studied till now. Some strains have shown very inter- esting patterns.

A CHNS/O analyzer being employed for investigating Hepatitis C microbial desulfurization of coal PCR-RFLP technique was used to Extremophiles 230bp glyceraldehyde-3-hydrogenase analyze 200 HCV patient samples. intron has been amplified using PCR. Among them, 160 were found to be Fourteen environmental samples An expression vector (pBARMTEl) of genotype-3, 25 and 05 samples were collected from Pakistani and has been acquired from Fungal Ge- belonged to genotype-2 and geno- Kenyan extreme environments. Mi- netic Stock centre USA. To get hy- type-1 respectively. croorganisms were screened from per-producer strain, a PCR amplified Pakistani samples while the Kenyan product of intron is being restricted sample was used as such for further with appropriate enzyme for cloning Hepatitis B studies. 16SrDNA sequence analysis in pBARMTEl vector to get RNAi ex- established microbial diversity be- pression vector. Confirmation of Hepatitis B is a serious health prob- tween cultured microorganisms. Cul- clones is under progress. lem in the world. In Pakistan, HBV ture-dependent and culture- affects 28% adults and 3-5% are car- independent gene mining studies us- Analytical and Consultancy rier. Present available diagnostic ing integron specific probes indicated techniques are not so therapeutically presence of different genes (37) that Services to Other helpful. A highly sensitive PCR were cloned sequenced and depos- Organizations based diagnostic test for detection of ited with GenBank, USA. Such stud- hepatitis B Virus DNA in serum/ ies supported horizontal gene trans- Professional scientific services were plasma of the infected subjects was fer theory and indicated the useful- provided to various industries including established and results were com- ness of integron associated gene WAPDA, WASA, Chenab Fabrics and pared with commercially available mining approach in place of tradi- Processing Mills, Arzoo Textile Mills, ELISA assay. PCR was found to be tional methodologies. Sandle dyestuff, Crescent Greenwood, more sensitive, specific and accurate etc for the analysis of various parame- for detecting low level of HBV infec- Biotransformations of ters including heavy metals and anions tion as compared with other conven- such as Cyanide and Flouride in sam- tional tests like ELISA or surface an- Industrially Important ples which is a prerequisite for ISO- tigen detection. Compounds 9000 and 14000 certification. Similarly, microbiological analyses of varied na- Chronic Myeloid Leukemia Acremonium chrysogenum (ATCC- ture of water samples and quality as- 48272) is being used to examine CPC surance work were also carried out for (CML) hyper production with Lactose, Sucrose various industries. and Galactose. Up till now, better produc- A Quantitative RT-PCR was devel- tion of CPC was found in the presence of oped using patients' cDNA as target lactose as carbon source. HEALTH and clones as internal control (competitor). This Q-RT-PCR will To enhance the production of cepha- Typhoid help in detection of MRD and moni- losporin C by suppressing the rnRNA toring of anticancer therapy in CML of CahB gene (Cah B gene protein The emergence of antibiotic resis- destroy the CPC) experiments, a tance in Salmonella typhi has made

30 patients.Blood samples were col- C V/rus, 22 samples Hepatitis B Vi- verse transcriptase polymerase lected from 40 CML patients and rus, 05 samples of Salmonella typhi chain reaction (RT-PCR) method. DNA was extracted. PCR was opti- and 17 samples of bcr-abl transloca- For this purpose following were car- mized to amplify a 0.9 Kb fragment tion for chronic myeloid leukemia ried out; extraction of RNA from dif- from ABL breakpoint region. PCR were analyzed. ferent tissues, cDNA synthesis by products were processed (purified) reverse transcriptase, DNA amplifica- for DNA sequencing. The study will ENVIRONMENT tion by PCR, Analysis of PCR prod- help in prognosis of familial CML. ucts. Upscaling Biodegradation Acute Lymphoblastic of Textile Effluent Setting of PCR based Leukemia (ALL) facilities for Infectious After successful biodégradation of Bursal Disease (IBD) virus NIBGE is running an IAEA multicen- Bismillah Textile effluent in shake tral research contract for standardi- flask, these studies were extended to Basic facilities for reverse transcrip- zation and quality control of the tech- 5L Fermentor. The results of three tase polymerase chain reaction (RT- nique used for MRD detection. The different samples without the addition PCR) method for diagnosis of IBD study is being carried out to know of nitrogen within 6 days at 370°C have been established with collabo- more prevalent mutations related to with constant aeration showed 35%, ration of Deptt of Vet. Microbiology, ALL. Samples are being collected 57%, 66% COD and 70%, 68%, 69% University of Agriculture Faisalabad. from Cancer Hospitals. Some of the BOD reduction respectively. By the For this purpose optimization and samples have been processed for addition of nitrogen 51%, 63%, 67% establishment of following were car- PCR amplification of fusion gene. COD and 71%, 72%, 77% BOD re- ried out; extraction of RNA from dif- The products were analyzed and duction respectively in same time. ferent tissues, cDNA synthesis by re- most of them were positive for ter- verse transcriptase, DNA amplification ato/transcript. Up Scaling of Biosorption by PCR, Analysis of PCR products. Process Automated chromosome Commercial Services analysis system Previous lab work of biosorption was studied and then keeping in view the 418 samples received from WAPDA CV Chromoscan is currently installed obtained results the pilot-plant 50L (different canals and rivers of Pun- and being used for Karyotyping, capacity (for heavy metal Removal) jab), textile industries and mineral Fluorescent In Situ Hybridization was designed, which was fabricated water companies under PIBS project (FISH) and Comparative Genome in March 2003. and were analysed for different pa- Hybridization (CGH). The system is rameters such as COD, BOD, cal- used for detection of chromosomal Various modifications were carried cium, magnesium, sodium, potas- abnormalities including polyploidy, out to make the plant commercially sium, Ammonia-Nitrogen and Phos- trisomies, monosomies, transloca- feasible and in the present conditions phorus, phenolic, carbonate, bicar- tions, deletions etc. the plant is in full capacity to be run bonate, hardness, solids, acidity and for further studies. basicity. Detection of Chromosomal Abnormalities by Fabrication of bench top Products/Patents Karyotyping model for metal removal Cotton varieties NIBGE-1, IR-FH- 901, IR-CIM-448, IR-NIBGE-1 & IR- During this period, 58 samples of A glass model plant for heavy metal removal has been fabricated through CIM-443 were developed and placed patients were referred to diagnostic in various national/regional trails. laboratory and were found to have Pak-Kazakh project. The model karyotypes for down syndrome, vari- serve as the best for lab scale study ant of turner syndrome, Robertson- regarding biosorption as well as the ian translocation for Down syndrome, up scale studies to commercial level. NUCLEAR MEDICINE Sex chromosome mosacism, Phila- Moreover, it will use for onsite dem- delphia chromosome, Fragile X syn- onstration of biosorption process in PAEC's initiative in the field of nu- drome. Genetic counseling was pro- exhibitions and S&T stalls. clear medicine started right from its v/'ded to five families with the history inception. The first Cancer Hospital of congenitally malformed kids. PCR based analysis of was established in 1960 at Karachi rinderpest samples and since then 12 more centers have Diagnostic Services been added. The contribution ol PAEC through its integrated pro- Fourteen samples were received gamme in diagnosis of different kinds 186 samples of Mycobacterium tu- from NARC for the analysis and di- of cancer and allied diseases and berculosis, 730 samples of Hepatitis agnosis of rinderpest by using re-

31 were provided cancer treatment as well as follow up.

Research Projects

Research work was continued on 22 IAEA sponsored and 33 other research projects in collaboration with different international and national agencies/organizations. PAEC medical centers are involved in research activities in collaboration with national & international agencies. IAEA fellows from various countries are trained at PAEC nuclear medical centers. Expert services available ai these Centres for the use of in-vivo and in-vitro nuclear technique centers are extended to regional countries.

Cobalt-60 Teletherapy unit, an effective tool for advanced cancer cases Development Project - Establishment of Breast their treatment has received consid- During the year 2002-2003, Care Clinics erable acclaim in the public. PAEC 1,86,148 patients benefited form the Cancer Hospitals are catering to nuclear medicine facilities. Breast Cancer is the commonest about 80% of cancer patients from type of cancer in Pakistan. The every part of the country. During the Oncology and Radiotherapy deals women population of Pakistan is ap- year 2002-2003, utilizing the maxi- with the treatment of cancer. PAEC proximately 49.5%. The incidence ol mum capacity of the machines avail- medical centers are equipped with Breast Cancer is reported to the 30% able at PAEC Cancer Hospitals, the latest machines for this purpose. of all the cancers reported in women. more than 3,2Q,000 patients were These include Co-60 teletherapy The new cases of Breast Cancer in attended. Major disciplines available units, Linear accelerators, Deep & the country can be estimated up to in PAEC nuclear medical centers superficial X-ray machines, HDR re- 45000 per annum. The project are (a) Nuclear Medicine and Radio- mote after-loading machines, Super- "Development of Breast Care Clinics immunoassay and (b) Oncology & ficial appliances, etc. at all PAEC Nuclear Centres" was Radiotherapy. Simulators & Treatment Planning approved during the period under Computers help in planning the deliv- report by Planning and Development Nuclear Medicine deals with the di- ery of proper dose to specific sites. Division at the cost of Rs. 157.3 million. The Commission has ordered agnosis and treatment of various dis- During 2002-2003 1,33,592 patients eases using short-lived radioisotopes, planar SPECT and whole- body images of the diseased organs are obtained using gamma cameras, these images provide information about the shape, size physiological and functional status of the organs. Facilities are also available for the treatment of thyrotoxicosis, thyroid cancer, polycythemia, palliative bone pain, malignant pleural and Opera- tional effusion etc. Radioimmunoas- say techniques are used to detect small quantities of hormones and antibodies. The assays routinely carried out at PAEC medical centers include thyroid, pituitary, steroid harmones, gonadotropins and various tumor markers. Besides, Radiology, Mam- mography and Ultrasound for diagnosis, evaluation and prognosis of diseases are also available. A fully computerized dual head Gamma camera installed at KIRAN

32 for nine sets of Mammography & Utrasonography units which will be installed in near future. After installation of the equipment at Breast Care Clinics of PAEC, about 20,000 patients will be treated per annum. In pursuance of Development of Beast Care Clinics, the Commission is also going to start "Awareness Clinics".

Upgradation and Expansion

Renovation of main reception at CENUM, Lahore has been accomplished with the help of a philanthro- pist under his own supervision. Re- cently LINAR has installed 13 computers in scientific Labs: and doctors O.P.Ds linked through Network. Win- dow based software is used to enter patients data maintain record of treatment and follow-up. Linear accelerator, a useful equipment for wide range of malignant tumours graduate institutes. Ten students Establishment of Local Area Network Computerization and Networking of from different hospitals are receiving (LAN) to create fully automated envi- CENAR has been completed. Acqui- training for FCPS at INMOL, NORI ronment at CENUM, Lahore is com- sition of land for the expansion of and KIRAN. pleted. PINUM is completed.

A Computer Treatment Planning Teaching & Training Publications System, a Diagnosis C-ray system, a Distillation Apparatus, a Gamma Doctors of PAEC Nuclear Medical PAEC Nuclear Medical Centres pub- Counter (12 channel), a SPECT Institutes are regularly teaching Nu- lished 6 papers in local journals, Gamma Camera ^ADAC) have been clear Medicine and Radiotherapy to eight doctors attended different IAEA purchased and heir installation is un- the MBBS students of the attached training courses/workshops/meeting der process at INOR Abbottabad. A Medical Colleges. They also teach and thirty-five doctors participated in Cheniluminescene system has been MCPS, FCPS, DMRT, DMRD stu- international/national seminars/ installed at MINAR and tumour mark- dents and also provide guidance to conferences/workshops during this ers studies have been started on this M.Sc. Nuclear Medicine and M. Phil period. system. students in collaboration with post-

33 NUCLEAR MINERALS

Atomic Energy Minerals Centre and REGIONAL completed. Hydro-geochemical sam- its Regional Exploration Offices at pling was also done. An area of 115 Peshawar, Karachi & Quetta contin- RECONNAISSANCE km2 was checked and water samples ued prospection and exploration for AND were collected from stream sedi- nuclear minerals. The working areas PROSPECTING ments, wells & springs. Carborne include Bannu Basin, Kirthar Range, Spectrometric Survey was conducted Kohat Plateau, Salt Range, along 26 traverses totaling to 552 km Malakand and Swat. NWFP road length in the Bahadur Khel area. High counts in uranium chan- Major exploration activity was fo- South Kohat Plateau nel were recorded along 2.5 km road cused at Shanawah site of Bannu length. Basin where development drilling Ground radiometry was conducted in was carried out in the southern part Bahadur Khel area (SW of Nari Malakand of the prospect to estimate reserves Panoos syncline). Anomalous radio- in the RAR category. activity is observed in the lower Nagri Reconnaissance geological map at a Formation. Radioactivity is associ- scale of 1:50,000 of Kulangai Granite Manchar Formation in the Kirthar ated with heamatitic alteration. Solu- Complex was prepared over an area Range was studied in geological de- tion movement is exhibited along of 350 km2. The map depicts that 2 tail and controls for surface uranium joint planes. Scanning of 35 km area NE-SW trending, elongated body of mineralization were determined. Wa- was completed. granite gneiss is occupying the area ter table monitoring wells were es- between Sillai Patti (Malakand) and tablished at four sites to facilitate ex- Ground radiometry of Nagri forma- Talash (Dir). The orthogneisses are ploration. tion was done in the northern flank of multiphase; the younger phase is Nari Panoos syncline and in the fine grained, hard and compact while Anomalous zones of Kohat Plateau flanks bordering Noshapa syncline. the older phase is coarse grained, were mapped and investigated in de- The data was synthesized and con- sheared and fractured. Radioactivity tail and were drilled for preliminary cluded utilizing field observations is observed in the biotite concentra- information. supported by laboratory analysis. tions, in tourmaline granites of older The anomalous sandstone is show- phase. Ground radiometry was car- Baluchistan was opened for the first ing abnormal uranium radiometry, ried out in granite gneiss exposed at time for uranium prospecting and in which associated with heamatitic col- Nigram Qila, Gidar Killi, Gurgarai and this regard Saidak-Taftan block was oration, fractures, channel lag con- Inzarai locality (Dir). Significant radio- traversed on foot. Preliminary ex- glomerates and carbonaceous mat- metric spots were recorded in me- ploratory drilling and detailed geo- ter. Scanning of 200 km2 area was dium to coarse grained, sheared, logical studies were carried out at sites in Malakand and Hum Granitic complexes.

Applied research was carried out on uranium metallogenesis in Siwaliks, geochronology of granitic intrusives and uranium in Permian rocks of Salt Range.

The activities in the offices & laboratories supported the field activities by providing various chemical and mineralogical analyses.

Apart from the above, geotechnical drilling, geophysical surveys and neotectonic studies were carried out for PAEC establishments. Ore Proc- essing Group conducted leaching studies on Shanawah core samples.

34 tourmaline granite showing heama- and lateral variations were recorded for shallow drilling. Eight shallow trtio alterations along 1 km length in the Matin Kalan and Gahi areas. bore holes were drilled for a cumula- from Inzarai village to Gurgarai local- Uraniferrous phosphatic nodules tive depth of ity. High radioactivity is associated show high radioactivity whereas with biotite concentrations along the , chemical U308 varies from 78-430 151 meters. Six lenses were encoun- joint planes. Further exploratory work ppm. The role of uraniferöus phos- tered showing 650 ppm of U308 with is planned. phate nodules in uranium deposit a maximum thickness of 19 meters. formation is being studied. Radioactivity increases by digging SIND and the fractures control the phe- Southern Potwar Plateau nomenon of mineralization. Kirthar Range (Dadu) Foot radiometric data of Lawa area Swat Area Uranium occurrences of Wahi Pandi was synthesized and the uranium (Dadu) were studied and mapped at potential was evaluated. In addition Evaluation studies of Hum Granitic a scale of 1:50,000 over a strike to above studies hydro-geochemical Complex were carried out. Land Sat length of 26 km displaying two radio- interpretations were made. data images of Sangar, Amluk Darra active sandstone horizons in the and Shoprang sites of Buner district Manchar formation. were interpreted and a set of fracture BALUCHISTAN system was identified in the intrusive Detailed geological mapping of Sori phases. Rind and Taki area was done at Prospection for uranium was started scale of 1:2000. Alteration haloes, in the western part of Chagai Mag- A reasonable stretch of muscovite- uranium mineralization and radioac- matic Belt near Tuftan in Block-ll of tourmaline granite is found in the tivity were recorded in anomalous Eruptive Zone. Ground radiometry Shoprang area, whereas uranium to sandstones. Four trenches were ex- was conducted in Juzzak, Saindak thorium ratio is 1:5. Shallow drilling cavated at Gaji Kumb, Haleli, Sori and Amalaf formations (Paleocene- was proposed in this area. Geologi- Rind and Kukrani sites. Observations Oligocene age). These formations cal mapping at 1:10,000 & 1:1000 were made along-with selective rock host volcano-clastic rocks, which scales was done to depict the miner- sampling to substantiate field data may be the possible uranium source. alized zones with controlling fea- with laboratory analyses. Higher than background radiation is tures. recorded in andesitic sills within Carborne spectrometric survey of a Saindak & Amalaf formations. Rock Shanawah Site part of Dadu area was accomplished samples have been retrieved for over 138 km road length. Prepara- laboratory studies. The studies were 2 Exploratory drilling has been done in tion of an inventory on the favourable made over an area of 20 km . Pre- a block of 1000x300 meters. In toto. rock formations in Sind Province was liminary work on preparing an inven- 37 holes were drilled amounting to in progress. tory of elements of economic impor- 13243 meters and reaming job of tance like Cr, Mg, Th, Ti, Li and 4786 meters. Reasonable thick- Regional studies were compiled to REEs has been done. nesses of uranium ore zones above identify areas and lithological units & below the water table were inter- favourable for uranium accumulation EXPLORATION AND cepted. in the lower Indus Basin. Sufficient literature from external and internal EVALUATION sources has been scanned. Six rock Nari Panoos-South Kohat formations namely Manchar, Gaj, Baru Site, Malakand Plateau Nari, Laki, Rani Kot and Pab were selected for detailed study. Nari & Evaluation studies have been con- Detailed evaluation of Malakand ducted at three occurrences at Nari Manchar formations exposed in the granite gneiss was completed. Ura- synclines are located in Khairpur dis- Panoos. Detailed geological mapping nium mineralization is hosted by the along 2 km length of Nari Panoos trict need to be physically checked fine grained, fractured granite filled through radiometric traverses. syncline was completed at a scale of by mica. Heamatization is also ob- 1:2000. Lithofacies studies were con- served in the fractures while the ex- ducted along 2.4 km long geological PUNJAB cavated trenches indicate some solu- sections at a scale of 1:1000. Obser- tion movement. Structural studies vations were made on 55 cross sets Eastern Salt Range were also done and the fracture to determine paleocurrent direction. trends are NE and NW. Already known occurrences of ura- Reconnaissance exploratory drilling The radioactivity is associated with nium, in the Permian sandstones is in progress in the area, where 10 NE set of fractures with mica filling. A were examined in detail by the Ap- shallow bore holes were drilled upto plied Research Division. Lithofacies block of one km length was selected

35 a depth of 110 meters. Drilling R a d o n - O n - amounts to 802 meters with addi- Activated Char- tional reaming job of 100 meters. coal Survey Weak showings have been recorded (ROAC) was which warrant deeper drilling to inter- done on differ- cept the ore below the zone of oxida- ent occurrences tion. of Nari Panoos area. Eleven Wahi Pandi Profiles covering 7.5 km line Four bore holes were drilled to length were at- monitor water table at Gaji Kumb, tempted which Sori- Rind, Taki and Haleli sites. include implant- Water table at all the sites is 67 me- ing of 413 ters ASL. Drilling amounts to 936 ROAC car- meters with additional reaming job of tridges. A newly 1429 meters. purchased logging unit was installed and A composite geological map of Haleli commissioned. to Momani area has been prepared Hole deviation at a scale of 1:50,000. Exposures of survey was con- Nari, Gaj, Manchar, Dada conglom- ducted in two erate and sub-recent deposits have holes at been marked. The two anomalous Shanawah site. sandstone horizons GS-1 and GS-2, The unit was along with survey grid lines, location checked for all of anomalies and prominent struc- its functions; tures have also been marked. In ad- data acquired dition to the field observations, LAND was compared SAT Imageries and available GSP with the avail- maps of the area were also utilized able unit at ISL for mapping. Qabul Khel project and the unit Gamma resistivity and SP Bore hole logging at Shanawah Lithofacies maps along two sections was found in were prepared at Haleli and Sori perfect working Rind areas. Sedimentological studies condition. indicate fine to medium grained in southern Makran ranges to assess sandstone, transported through sal- the clay component sites. Further- tation process. Detailed geological GEOTECTONICS more, Land Sat Images of Turbat & maps of Haleli, Gaji Kumb, Sori, Taki Hoshab areas of central Makran and Momani sites have been pre- , In order to identify feasible site for ranges were interpreted for reposi- pared at a scale of 1:2000 depicting waste disposal, available sedimen- tory work. lithology, paleo channel, mineraliza- tological, seismic and tectonic data tion and alteration haloes. on southern Kohat Plateau was stud- REMOTE SENSING ied in detail. Land Sat data was util- GEOPHYSICS ized for interpretation. A field pro- LandSat TM image of Chagai- gramme was also conducted to con- Dalbandin area, Baluchistan was Data processing and interpretation of firm the structural features on processed and produced at 1:65000 the Resistivity Survey carried out in ground. Additional field observations scale. Digital image processing of Wahi Pandi (Dadu) along 11 VES were also recorded where deemed Land Sat TM data and SPOT XS upto depth of 250 meters has indi- necessary. Further work includes data were carried out in Sind, lower cated depth of water table at 100 m ± processing and interpretation of data. Swat (Hum Granitic Complex), south 10 "m depending upon the local to- A report of Kohat area was submit- Kohat Plateau , Chashma-Khushab pographic level. Using this data fur- ted. , and Turbat areas. Lithology and ther exploration work on site was structure of the areas were en- carried out. Literature & data on Makran coastal hanced. Images were produced at ranges was scanned. Satellite data 1:65,000 scale for further plotting of features, ground checking and inter- Drilling was continued to confirm was interpreted to select nuclear pretation A mosaic of Pakistan was depth of water table and continuity of waste repository sites. Reconnais- prepared after the processing of the mineralization in the prospect area. sance field investigations were done

36 Landsat Imagery data, annotation of major cities and other pertinent land features were highlighted. SPOT XS & Spot «'an data along the motorway from Islamabad to Bhera and Turbat area were processed & printed.

LABORATORIES

Mineralogical studies were carried out on 764 rock samples for petrog- raphy, Sieve Analysis, XRD, Autora- diography, Heavy Minerals Separa- tion ,etc. Chemistry laboratories carried out nearly 21,000 estimations for 7423 rock & water samples supplied by different field groups, for varied nature of elements/radicles.

MINING AND HEALTH PHYSICS XRF spectrometre - new addition in the Chemistry labs ofAEMC

Due to deeper setting of uranium ore body in Shanawah, conventional Water table zone. Total time required NH4HCO3 was used as lixiviant and for driving two inclines and a set of mining method would be uneconom- H202 was used as oxidant, Repeated ical. Therefore a combination of In- gallery -for developing two injection irrigations improved recovery from 72% situ Leach Mining with Underground and one production wells shall be 3 to 80%. Mining is considered feasible at this years and estimated cost will be site. It is planned to drive two inclines Rs.157.5 million. Experiments were conducted to ob- with 50 meters spacing, at 15° slope serve the effect of loading time on to intercept the ore, 10 meters Mining Plan was also designed to preparation of Hafnium dioxide and above the water table. Each incline is excavate uranium ore from soft rocks for removal of Iron prior to extraction planned to be of 900 meters length; of Taunsa. Rock samples collected of (Hf + Zr) metal by organic solvent. one will serve as an approach/entry from Taunsa area were tested at while the other shall be used for ven- SOILCON rock testing labs. Processing for the up-gradation ol tilation. chromite ore from Hero Shah ORE PROCESSING (NWFP) was initiated in the light o1 Cross-cuts will be made after every mineralogical & chemical lab tests. 100 meters interval to join these in- Two sets of experiments on, the clines. Provision of galleries are in- 'apatite' and 'pyrochlore' fractions of Experimentation for a process develop- tended to provide room for develop- carbonatite ore from Sillai Patti area ment to produce Silicon from rice husk ment/construction of the injection were performed at NMD was continued. Rice straw contains am- and production wells to be drilled (PINSTECH), Islamabad. The results ple quantity of Silicon. Some impurities upto the ore in the below water table indicated low leaching efficiency of created hinderance to produce pure sili- zone. REEs in pyrochlore fraction while in con. apatite fraction, lanthanum, samar- After recovery of the ore from this ium and uranium were leachable Monazite concentrate collected from zone, the ore body in the above Wa- upto 69%, 64% and 99.24% respec- Karachi is a possible resource for the production of thorium. Tests are un- ter table zone shall be mined out by tively. derway to recover thorium, REE, cut and fill technique. Further ad- phosphate and uranium. vancement in adjacent areas shall be Insitu leach studies were conducted on continued by In Situ leach mining core-samples from Shanawah. followed by cut and fill in the above

37 HUMAN RESOURCE DEVELOPMENT

Human resource development plays a Sc. (IT), session 2002-2004 started pivotal role in achieving the goals and on 07-10-2002 with 19 fellows joining KANUPP INSTITUTE OF objectives set aside by any organiza- the program. After successful com- NUCLEAR POWER tion. Pakistan Atomic Energy Commis- pletion of zero semester, the first se- ENGINEERING (KINPOE) sion, through its exclusive establish- mester of M.Sc. (IT) session 2002- ments .namely Computer Training 2004 started on 16-12-2002 with reg- Centre (CTC), KANUPP Institute of istration of 17 fellows. Terminal ex- Master of Engineering st Nuclear Power Engineering (KINPOE) aminations for the 1 semester were (Nuclear Power) and CHASNUPP Centre for Nuclear conducted from 11-04-2003 to 18- Training (CHASCENT) ,is imparting 04-2003. Twenty engineers/scientists out of a training to the scientists, engineers and total strength of 32 from Batch-8 other technical personnel for keeping PGCOC Program graduated on September 27, 2002. The examinations of fourth semester pace with achievement of its goals and th also coping with the increasing needs The 10 batch of six months Post of Batch-9 have been completed. Graduate Computer Orientation Total strength of this batch is 38. The of professionally trained manpower at th all levels. Course (PGCOC -10) started from 7 final examinations of first semester April, 2003. Twenty three (23) nomi- (Batch 10) ended in the second week nees of PAEC & Universities joined of May 2003. Forty-four fellows out of FOREIGN TRAINING the course. The course will be com- a total strength of fifty-eight qualified th for the second semester. Three hundred twenty seven PAEC pleted on 6 October, 2003. 10 HEC scientists/engineers participated in nominees from various universities various IAEA workshops, seminars, and 13 from PAEC's different estab- Post Graduate Training symposia, conferences, 141 attended lishments participated. Workshops, Program meetings colleges, visits and training on "Web Enabling Technologies" & "VLSI Design Techniques" were ar- courses sponsored by IAEA. Eighty six Final semester examinations were held ranged for 23 Participants from vari- fellowships/scientific visits were availed during March 2003. All the 32 trainees ous universities and other R&D or- by PAEC scientists/engineers. have successfully completed their ganizations &50 nominees from dif- training. The process of induction of ferent PAEC establishments. An Of- second batch is in final stages. COMPUTER TRAINING fice Automation Workshop was ar- CENTRE ranged for 43 staff members of PAEC HQ from 09-09-2002 to 01-11- Post Diploma Training nd CTC started the 2 batch of Master of 2002. Program (Technicians Science in Information Technology, M. Training) Sc (IT) Program in October 2002.M.Sc CTC facilitated the conduct of an Ori- IT is a two years program, comprising entation Camp from 22nd to 28th June Batch-31 of PDP, comprising 56 of five semesters. CTC also started its 2003 for participants of 8th meeting of trainees, completed their training on th 10 regular Post Graduate Computer Nobel Laureates in Lindau, Germany October 22, 2002.The certificate Orientation Course (PGCOC-10) in (June 30 - July 4, 2003). This orien- awarding ceremony of this batch was Computer Systems Software & Hard- tation camp was arranged for Paki- held on November 08, 2002. Final ware. The Computer Literacy courses stani Selectees to prepare them well examinations for first semester ol were conducted for the children of prior to their departure to Germany. Batch -32were conducted during PAEC Employees. Workshops on Web Prior to the orientation camp, inter- April-May, 2003. Strength of the Enabling Technologies, VLSI Design views for selection of the candidates class in second semester is fifty- Techniques and Office Automation for participating in the said program seven. The process of the induction were conducted. were also conducted at CTC on 05- of Batch-33 is in progress. 05-2003. M.Sc. (IT) KINPOE Website

rd th Computer Literacy Program Development The 3 and 4 semesters of M.Sc. for the Children of PAEC IT, session 2001-2003 were conducted from 15-07-2002 to 09-04- Employees KINPOE website was made available 2003, while the 5th semester of ses- on Internet in March 2003, meant pri- A Computer Literacy Programs was sion 2001-2003, which is completely marily for assisting in the admission organized for 71 children of PAEC reserved for thesis work, started on process. The main features of the web- employees, who had appeared in 21-04-2003 with 15 students. The M. site are: advertisement, application their matriculate examinations. form downloading facility, applicants'

38 status before and after the test etc. SCIENTIFIC & (WAPDA), Mangla Power Station KINPOE website address is www. ENGINEERING and National Development Complex (NDC) etc.NCNDT has successfully kinpoe.om.ok. SERVICES provided In-Service inspection services to M/s UCH Power Plant, Dera CHASNUPP CENTRE FOR Murad Jamali, Balochistan and M/s NUCLEAR TRAINING 10 Training Courses were conducted at National Centre for Non- Chashma Nuclear Power Plant (CHASCENT) Destructive Testing (NCNDT) in the (CNPP) during its First Re-fueling field of Non-Destructive Testing Outage (RFO-1). 32 engineers & scientists of CHAS- Techniques and 138 participants CENT batch-l completed one-year from local industries & various or- Pakistan Welding Institute (PWI) has postgraduate training, where as 14 ganizations of PAEC were trained conducted 09 different welding technicians of batch-7 completed out, of which 88 were declared suc- courses and imparted welding train- one-year post diploma training. 37 cessful. The total amount receivable ing to approx. 143 engineers, techni- engineers & scientists of batch-2 are was Rs. 2.042 million. The centre cians & welders. An amount of Rs. undergoing one year post graduate also provided professional inspection 1.290 million were charged as a training, while 38 technicians of & testing services to local industries course fee from the participants. The batch-8 are undergoing one year worth Rs. 3.324 million. The indus- Institute also provided technical ser- post diploma training as well. Gen- tries served were Pakistan Interna- vices to local industries worth Rs. eral employees' training was con- tional Airlines (PIA), Interglobe Com- 1.990 million. The industries served ducted for Chinese and Contractors' merce Pakistan Ltd. (ICPL), Uch Gas were Pakistan Council of Renewable personnel during RFO-1.150 techni- Processing Plant, Qadirpur Gas Energy Technologies, Mirage Re- cians of operation crews completed 2 Processing Fields, Project Manage- build Factory (MRF), Pakistan Aero- month retraining whereas 45 MCR ment Organization (PMO), Air nautical Complex (PAC), Kamra, engineers completed 2-month re- Weapon Complex (AWC), Water & PAF Base-Chaklala, NDC, M/S PEL training. Power Development Authority and HMC etc.

39 PROJECTS

WORKS Construction of Access Con- been prepared and being submitted trol Building at KANUPP, to Planning & Development Division Construction of PAEC Foun- Karachi for approval. dation School, Phase-I I Block-A at NIBGE, The work is progressing and ex- SCIENTIFIC & ENGINEER- Faisalabad pected to be completed by end of ING SERVICES (SES) December, 2003. The work has been completed in all SES has established the latest know- respects and handed over to the Construction of Foundry how in Design, Engineering & Devel- end user. opment, state-of-the-art Fabrication Shop at NEW-II, Karachi & Welding Equipment, CNC machin- ing facilities, Large Stress Relieving The construction work was accom- Construction of Mass Rear- Furnace, Specialised Aluminium plished with entire satisfaction to the ing Lab. at NIAB, Faisalabad Foundry, Destructive & Non- end user. Destructive Testing Facilities and The work has been completed and High Pressure/High Temperature handed over to the end user. Construction of Phase-ll at Test Loop, etc. to undertake the KIRAN, Karachi manufacture of sophisticated high Renovation & Miscellaneous tech. & value added jobs for power Works at NIAB, Faisalabad After finalization of architectural plants, in particular; and chemical, drawings, estimates were prepared petrochemical, fertilizer & industrial The renovation works have been ini- and sent to PAEC HQ for administra- plants, in general. tiated and are in progress. tive & Technical sanction of the com- petent authority. Design & Manufacture Of Establishment of INORE, Equipment/Components Abbottabad Construction of Category-V type House CENAR, Quetta SES manufactured and supplied jobs The building works and infrastructure worth Rs. 98.65 million to PAEC. The construction work was accom- approved in the PC-I i.e. Ward Government Organizations & Na- plished and houses were handed Block, Lift, additional heating/cooling tional Industry. The major jobs were over to the end user. dual feeder supply etc. have been for Heavy Mechanical Complex, Kol accomplished well in time and Adu Power Plant Co., KSB Pumps handed over to the end user. PC-II from Mineral Survey Co., Oil & Gas Development Corp., Salli Patti, Malakand Heavy Industries, Taxila, National Construction of Rest House Refinery Ltd., Pak Arab Refinery, and other facilities at KAN- The scheme is still pending as the Ghazi Brotha Power Plant/WAPDA. UPP Colony, Karachi implementation shall be taken sub- National Development Complex ject to the availability of funds. (NDC), Dr. Abdul Qadeer Research The entire work was accomplished Lab., Ravi Rayon, Directorate ol on time and to entire satisfaction of Construction of Cafeteria for Technical Development (DTD), Kun- the end user after which it was also staff at PINSTECH dian Nuclear Fuel Complex, and handed over. Chashma Nuclear Plant Project Implementation of the scheme was (CNPP), SES has signed commercial held-up due to non allocation of contracts with CERN, worth US $ Soffit Slab of PSW Bays of funds by the Government. 305,570 (Rs. 18.03 million) and de- Cooling Water Pumping Sta- livered 1st consignment. tion at KANUPP, Karachi PC-II for detail exploration of Uranium resources in D.G Internal & Surveillance Audits on The entire work of improvement has Khan Phase-VII ISO-9001 were carried out and all been accomplished satisfactorily the pointed out non-conformances and handed over to the user. Exploration work remained in pro- were addressed. The Federal Boilers gress. However, PC-II Form for and Pressure Vessels Safety Board Phase-VII (i.e. 2004-2009) has now has granted provisional approval for

40 manufacture of boilers, pressure ves- and commissioning of 12-m Plate has been completed. Design & rectifi- sels and heat exchangers, Heating Furnace has been com- cation of industrial electrical works for pleted. 200-ton Transport Bogie and special equipment workshop and gen- PHASE DEVELOPMENT 30-ton & 50-ton Roller Supporters, eral workshop is in progress. The civil etc. are under manufacture. construction of Foundry has been 90% All the construction works of Assem- completed. The electrification & instal- The construction work if Pakistan bly Shop, QA Labs., Instrumentation lation of machines is in progress. Welding Institute building started in & Control Labs have been com- January 2003 and about 40% work pleted. Erection of Heavy Duty Lathe

41 INTERNATIONAL RELATIONS

Chairman's Visits Medicine and King Khalid Abroad University Hospital, Min- istry of High Education, Mr. Parvez Butt, Chairman, Pakistan Riyadh, Saudi Arabia for Atomic Energy Commission led Paki- a period of one year. Mr. stan delegation as Governor from Azhar Zia, is currently Pakistan in the Meeting of the IAEA undertaking 6 months as- Board of Governors held at Vienna signment as KANUPP Representative at Candu (Austria) from 9-12 September, Owners Group (COG) 2002. Chairman, PAEC led Paki- Office, Toronto, Canada stan's delegation to the Forty-sixth from 06 June, 2003 un- IAEA Annual General Conference der Project-Improving held at Vienna (Austria) from 16-20 Safety Features of KAN- September, 2002.He also visited UPP. European Organization for Nuclear Research (CERN),Geneva, Switzer- land from 21-24 September, 2002. PAEC Scien- tists/Engineers Chairman, PAEC attended Meetings of Governing Board of World Asso- as IAEA ciation of Nuclear Operators (WANO- Experts Tokyo Centre) held at Tokyo, Japan op 2 October, 2002 and 18 April, Twelve PAEC scientists/ 2003. He also led PAEC delegation engineers carried out as- for negotiations on C-2 with high signments abroad in vari- level officials of China National Nu- ous fields including Sus- clear Corporation (CNNC), Beijing, tainable Radioactive and Chairman PAEC addressing the 46 China from 20-21 April, 2003. Radiation Measurements, Annual General Conference of IAEA Biofertilizer Technology, Mass- Monitoring System, Safety Standards Chairman, PAEC attended Canadian Spectrometer Operation and Mainte- for the Design of NPPs, Severe Acci- Nuclear Society (CNS) Annual Confer- nance, Review Input Data to WASP dents and Accident Management, ence held at Toronto, Ontario, Canada Model and suggest Improvements Review of KANUPP Nuclear Desali- from 8-11 June, 2003 and CANDU and Review Initial Results of WASP nation, Strengthening of Nuclear Owners Group (COG) Annual General Analysis, Conditioning of Spent Ra- Safety Regulatory Authority, etc. Meeting held at Toronto, Ontario, Can- dioactive Sealed Sources and to de- ada on 12 June, 2003. velop their detailed Technical Proce- Foreign Delegations Appointments of PAEC dures, etc. Mr. Guoan Wu Staff Member of Officials Abroad IAEA Experts in World Association of Nuclear Opera- tors, visited CHASNUPP, Kundian Dr. Muhammad Naeem, was ap- Pakistan from 9-15 December, 2002 to assess pointed as Senior Lecturer at Radio- preparations for the WANO-TC logical Sciences Department, Univer- Forty IAEA Experts carried out as- Workshop. sity of Kuwait for a period of one signments at different PAEC Estab- year, Mr. Muhammad Tariq, carried lishments under IAEA Regular Pro- Mr. Naicheng Xu of China, Pro- out six months assignment as KAN- gramme of Technical Co-operation in gramme Management Officer, East UPP Representative with CANDU various fields including Development Asia and the Pacific Section, Depart- Owners Group (COG) Office at To- of Country Profile of Environmental ment of Technical Co-operation, ronto, Canada from 3 December, Radiation Levels, Human Reliability IAEA, Vienna (Austria) visited differ- 2002 under Project - Improving Analysis Based Procedure Evalua- ent PAEC establishments from 30 Safety Features of KANUPP. tion, Receptor Modelling, Sero Sur- June - 01 July, 2003 to review on- veillance Tests for Rinderpest, Re- going Technical Co-operation Pro- Dr. Muhammad Salim, has been em- view of Design of Delayed Neutron jects and discuss new Project Re- ployed for teaching/clinical Assign- Activity Monitoring System, Installa- quests submitted to IAEA for consid- ment as Registrar at College of tion and Commissioning of Corrosion eration.

42 PAEC Delegation preparatory meeting related to Nu- ment, NDT Equipment Calibration clear Power Operations, strengthen- and Concrete Testing, Non- Abroad ing of nuclear safety, Quality Assur- Destructive Evaluation of Pressur- ance, Environmental Pollution were ized Components and Concrete Mr. M. Asif Khan, and Mr. Tahir Na- held during the reporting period. Structures, Development of ISI Fa- zir, of Scientific and Engineering Ser- cilities for NPPs, Multi- function vices (SES), Directorate, Islamabad Simulator for Enhancing Nuclear visited Institute of Automation Re- Activities under RCA Safety, Loose Part Monitoring for search of Chinese Academy of Sci- NPP Safety, Environmental Radioac- ences, Beijing, Peoples Republic of Pakistan has continuously played its tive Pollution in Pakistan and Human China from 14-26 July, 2002 under effective role in the programme of Resource Development and Nuclear Item No. 15-215 "The Use of Digital the RCA and has gained substan- Technology Support, were being car- Image Processing in the Detection of tially in the peaceful applications of ried out. Corrosion by Using Radiography" of nuclear technology in the areas of the 15th S&T Protocol between Paki- Agriculture, Health, Industry, Quality stan and China. Assurance and Research Reactors The Technical Assistance received Utilization. Pakistan has participated during 2002 under IAEA Technical in almost all the RCA projects. Co-operation Programme was US Pakistani Experts under $11,43,946, which include Experts (TOKTEN) Scheme Foreign Trainees in Pakistan visits, Equipment delivery, Fellow- ship/Training and Scientific Visits. Dr. Muhammad Asghar, Specialist in under IAEA Award Research Contracts the field of Nuclear Physics carried Ten trainees from Malaysia, Jordan, out assignment at Pakistan Institute IAEA awarded a sum of USÎ Tanzania , Philippines, Bolivia, Sri of Nuclear Science & Technology 117,000/- for undertaking research in Lanka, Yemen, Nigeria availed fel- (PINSTECH), Islamabad fora period various PAEC laboratories in differ- lowship training at various PAEC es- from 19 October, 2002 to 9 Novem- ent fields of nuclear science. The tablishments. ber, 2002 under Transfer of Knowl- amount represents the Agency's fi- edge through Expatriate Nationals nancial support for nine new Re- (TOKTEN) Scheme. Technical Assistance by search Contracts and renewing four- IAEA teen existing Research Contracts. Dr. Shabbir Ahmed Tariq (Malaysia) Specialist in the field of Organic Twenty-two Operational IAEA Tech- st IDB Award to PINSTECH Chemistry visited PINSTECH on 1 nical Co-operation Projects broadly February, 2003 under TOKTEN covering the fields of Biofertilizers for Islamic Development Bank (IDB) Scheme. He delivered a Seminar Increasing Sustainable Crop, Nu- awarded to PINSTECH, Islamabad and held discussions with different clear Medicine and Radiotherapy prize of US $ 100,000 for out- scientists at PINSTECH, Islamabad. Support, Development of Suitability standing contribution to the Advance- Assessment of Radiation Sterilized ment of Science and Technology. Dr. Medical Products, Initiation of Mas- National / International Fora Abdul Ghaffar Director General, PIN- ter of Science Medical Physics De- STECH visited Burkino Faso from gree Programme, Research Reactor Three National workshops and one 20-27 October, 2002 to receive that Utilization, Upgrading the Analytical PAEC-WANO workshop, one execu- IDB Award. tive management seminar, one re- Facilities for Applying Isotope Hydrol- gional training course and a OSART ogy in Water Resources Manage-

43 FINANCE

Pakistan Atomic Energy Commission received funds from the following sources during the year, 2002 - 2003.

• Federal Government • Provincial Governments • Sale of Electricity • Generated Receipts

Funds received from Federal Government are utilised to meet the current as well as development expenditure of the Commission except Karachi Nuclear Power Complex (KNPC) and Chashma Nuclear Power Project (CNPP) which meet their expenditure from their own generated income. Funds from generated receipts, Provincial Governments and other sources are mostly utilized for development activities.

Actual expenditure during the financial year under review along with its comparison with preceding year is given below: - A. DEVELOPMENT EXPENDITURE

Rupees (in million)

Name of Sector 2001-2002 2002-2003 ± %-age

Nuclear Power 3.218 8.508 (+) 164.387 Mineral Development 75.882 90.292 (+) 18.990 Agriculture 15.771 57.161 (+) 262.443 Health 82.504 169.270 (+) 105.165

Total Development Expenditure 177.375 325.231 (+) 83.357

B. CURRENT EXPENDITURE

The current expenditure on different activities is as follows: -

Rupees (in million) 2001-2002 2002-2003 ± %-age

Agriculture 197.232 235.036 (+) 19.167 Health 290.185 305.122 (+) 5.147 Physical Sciences 496.030 502.933 (+) 1.391 Mineral Development 102.060 127.263 (+) 24.694 Other Projects 44.715 27.829 (-) 37.763 PAEC Hqrs 181.524 208.333 (+) 14.768 Long Term Advances 7.531 (+) 100.00 Total Current Expenditure 1,311.746 1,414.047 (+) 7.799

44 C. SELF FINANCING

KARACHI NUCLEAR POWER COMPLEX

Rupees (in million)

2001 -2002 2002 - 2003 ± %-age

Current Expenditure 635 147 847.644 (+) 33.456

CHASHMA NUCLEAR POWER PROJECT

Rupees (in million)

2001 - 2002 2002 - 2003 ± %-age

Current Expenditure 2,396.940 1,904.634 (-) 20.538

The revenue earned & receipt of KNPC and CNPP are as follows: -

KNPC, Karachi 2001 -2002 2002-2003

Electricity Sales Revenue **1,472.072 703.790 Receipts of Sales Revenue 1,370.647 816.822

** Including GST. Rs. 91.799 Million

CNPP, Chashma 2001 - 2002 2002 - 2003

Electricity Sales Revenue 3,561.146 3,246.608 Receipts of Sales Revenue 2,759.567 2,392.880

** Including GST. Rs. 128.108 Million

On successful operation of Chashma Nuclear Power Project (CNPP) at Chashma Mianwali since June, 2000 by Pakistan Atomic Energy Commission (PAEC), Government of Pakistan has entrusted the Com- mission for establishment of 2nd Unit of Chashma Nuclear Power Project.

CONCLUSION

An analysis of total expenditure of PAEC reveals that 7.241% constitutes development activities while current expenditure represents 31.482% and self-financing is to the tune of 61.277%,

45 PUBLICATIONS

NUCLEAR POWER electricity generation in Pakistan". ant flow blockage in channel #2", Final report under IAEA's Co- KANUPP-STR-02-16. Papers in Journals ordinated Research Programme on 24, Humayuh Sultan,"Pressurization of Impact of Infrastructural Require- Room T-506 following Main Steam ments on the Competitiveness of Line Break (MSLB) and the Reinforce- 1. Muhammad Latif,"Illustrative exam- Nuclear Power, September 2002. ment of Control Room Wall", KAN- ples of simulation in energy plan- 10. Ahmad Mumtaz , Muhammad Imtiaz UPP-STR-02-20. ning. energy demand forecasting", and Rehana Tanq "Role of nuclear 25 M, Saleem Ayub, "Design of Intercep- Science Vision, Vol, 8, No.2, Octo- power and other GHG mitigation tor Gratings for Active Drainage ber-December 2002, Islamabad. options in reduction of GHG emis- Sump",KANUPP-STR-02-17 2. G.R. Athar,"Mathematical Modelling sions", a case study of pakistan. Fi- 26. Ashraf Ali,"Bench-Testing of Locally for Optimization of Energy System", nal report of the IAEA/RCA Regional Developed Neutron Instrumentation Science Vision, Vol. 8, No,2, Octo- Project on role of nuclear power and System of KANUPP (NISK)", KAN- ber-December 2002, Islamabad other energy options in GHG mitiga- UPP-STR-02-19 3. Iqbal Ahmad, Rolf Arlt, A. Hiermann tion, December 2002. 27. Afaque A. Shaikh, "Life management and K. G. Qasim "An IN-Situ Safe- 11. Ahmad Mumtaz , G.R. Athar, Ijaz program for KANUPP steam genera- guards Verifier for Spent CANDU- Ahmed and M. Imtiaz "Analysis and tors", KANUPP-STR-03-02. Type Fuel Bundles Stored on Projection of Energy and Electricity 28. Saad Ullah Khan, "Qualitative Assess- Stacked Trays". Journal of Nuclear Demand of Pakistan (Covering the ment of CGB Connectors for Leak Materials Management volume period 2002-2023)", June 2003. Tightness under LOCA Condition", xxx 1, No.1 (Fall 2002). 12. Najmus-Saqib, Data on MH Flows, KANUPP-STR-03-03. 4. Amer Manzoor-ll, "Training method- KANUPP-ISR-321-3. 29. Humayun Sultan, "Tasnimul Hasan ology for CHASNUPP", Nuclear En- 13. Muhammad Shahin, Ubaid Anwar Burney, Proposal for Modification in gineering International Volume 47, Baqai.Water Lancing of KANUPP Annulus Gas System (AGS) to No. 577, August 2002. Steam Generators, KANUPP-ISR- Achieve Leak-Before-Break (LBB) 360-6, Detection Capability", KANUPP-STR- Conference Presentations 14. Shahid Mehmood Malik,"To install 03-05. the new reactor regulation system 30. M. Jamiluddin, "Safety Aspects of 5. A.H Akbar, " The Dimensions of Pro- ARC-PLC (TUP Back fitting Project) KANUPP Operation. (January 2002 - ject Management & Quality Assur- for Trial Commissioning and Test- December 2002)", KANUPP-STR-03- ance in NPP constructions", WANO ing", KANUPP-OR-02-06. 07. Workshop on Efficient Practice & 15. Syed Raza Akhlaq, Testing of func- 31. Shahid Ali, Akhtar Kamal, Quality Control for New NPP, tional behaviour of plant new PLC "Performance Review of KANUPP Novbember 12-14, 2002, Aomori, based regulation system, KANUPP- Safety Systems (January 2002 - De- Japan. OR-02-07. cember 2002)", KANUPP-STR-03-04. 6. A.H Akbar, "Inspection Strategy for 16. Irfan Ahmed,Reactor trip due to supe- 32. Shahid Raza, S. Rafat Ali, "A Study of PWR Pressure Vessel", Second Na- riors channel outlet temperature high KANUPP Scrams (1990-2002) & Pro- tional Conference on NDT, October signal, KANUPP-OR-87-01. posed Corrective Actions for Scram 22-24, 2003, Islamabad. 17. M. Tahir Siddiqui, Dropping of Reduction", KANUPP-STR-03-08. 7. G.R. Athar, Rehana Tariq and Zia- Booster Rod Assembly in the Reac- 33. Jawed Iqbal et al., "Improving LOCA ul-lslam "Comparative indicators for tor Core during Booster Removal handling capability at KANUPP", KAN- environmental and health impacts of Job, KANUPP-UOR-03-02. UPP-ITR-02-02.

major thermal power plants in Paki- 18. Azfar Minhaj, "Moderator DzO spill 34. Muhammad Naeem Khan, stan". 3rd Executive Management from HG-PM1 lines", KANUPP-UOR- "Inspection of Channel Feeders for Seminar on Environment and 03-01. wall inning", KANUPP-ITR-03-02. Health, October 1-3, 2002, Islama- 19. Khawar Naveed.M. Tahir Siddiqi, 35. Tasneem Fatima, "Estimation of ex- bad, Pakistan. "Indicators to Monitor NPP Opera- posure rate at the surface of transport 8. M. Arshad "Performance of the LEU tional Safety Performance", KANUPP- flask containing booster fuel assem- 235 Fuel and use of higher U loading STR-02-06. bly", .KANUPP-ITR-03-04. in the Pakistan 'Research Reactor-1 20. Khawar Naveed,M, Tahir Siddiqi, 36. Babar Ghias,Shahid Saghir, Asmat th Fuel", 7 International Topical Meet- "Indicators to Monitor NPP Opera- Ullah Khairi, "Proposed Conceptual ing on Research Reactor Fuel Man- tional Safety Performance",KANUPP- Scheme of Forced Emergency Injec- agement March 9 to 12, 2003, STR-02-07, tion Water System", KANUPP-ITR-03- France. 21. S. Amir Adnan, "On-line replacement 05. of leak swagelok fitting in MH-1T 37. Shahid Raza et al,, "Passing Prob- Reports loop", KANUPP-STR-01 -04, lem of PRH-RV2/RV3 in Shut Posi- 22. Shahid Ali, Akhtar Kamal, tion", KANUPP-RCA-336-01 /2002. 9. Muhammad Latif, A. Mumtaz, I. Ah- "Performance Review of KANUPP 38. Muhammad Khan et al., "Flux Map med and M. Imtiaz "Comparative Safety Systems", KANUPP-STR-02- Data Processing And Analysis Of assessment of investment on infra- 03. CHASNUPP 300MWe Nuclear structure development for nuclear 23. Muhammad Najamuddin, "An investi- Power Plant upto 484 EFPD", TR- power and other energy chains for gation into the incident of partial cool- 129, November 2002.

46 39. Muhammad Khan, M Kamran "Calculations of Reactivity Coeffi- entanglement between two cavity Chughtai, "Isotopic Inventory for Dis- cients for 300 MWe CNPP using modes", Phys. Rev. A 66 (2002) charge Fuel Assemblies, Cycle-1 for Computer Code WIMS-D/4 & Cita- 014304, CHASNUP", TR-130, November tion", TR—150, May 2003. 68. M.T. Khaleeq, M. Alam and I.A. 2002. 55. Muhammad Khan, Abid Hussain, Ghumman, "A programmable log- 40. Mohammad Sohail Sarwar, Muham- "Xenon Reactivity calculations for linear amplifier for wide range nu- mad Khan, Abid Hussain, BOL, Cycle-2 of CHASNUPP 300 clear power measuring channels", "Uncontrolled RCCA Bank With- MWe", INUP-ITM-187, June 2003. Rev. Sei. Instrum. 73 (2002) 4354. drawal Accident From A Subcritical 56. M Kamran Chughtai, Aamir Ihsan, 69 S. Ahmad, "Spectroscopy of the re- or Low Power Startup Condition For Mohammad Sohail Sarwar, "Control generative soot",J. Eur. Phys. D18 CHASNUPP", TR-131, November Bank Withdrawal Limits for (2002) 309 2002. CHASNUPP Cycle-2", TR-153, 70. S. Ahmad, "Continuum elastic model 41 Muhammad Khan et al., "Nuclear June 2003. of fullerenes and the sphericity of Design Report for Cycle-2 of 57. Muhammad Khan, M Kamran the carbon onions", J. Chem. Phys. CHASNUP 300 MWe Nuclear Chughtai, Abid Hussain, "Databank 116 (2002) 3396. Power Plant", TR-132, November of INCOPW for Flux Mapping of 71. P. Akhter, et al., "Intercomparison of 2002 CHASNUPP Cycle-2 ", TR-158, INAA and ICP-MS results for tho- 42 Aamir Ali, M Sagheer, "Capabilities, June 2003. rium determination in Pakistani diet", modeling and data requirement for 58 Parvaiz Shafi Khan, "General Guide- J. Environ. Radioact. 62 (2002) 65, PDK-II", INUP-ITM-179, November lines for Technical Documentation at 72. P. Akhter, et al., "Dietary intake of 2002. INUP", INUP-ITM/007.0 (R-2), June essential minor and trace elements 43. Nadeem Elahi, Ashfaq A Siddiqui. 2003. from Asian diets", Food and Nutri- "Simulation of CHASNUPP Top 59. Syed Waseem Akhtar et al., "An tion Bulletin 23 (2002) 124, Nozzle Adapter Plate Test", TR- Overview of Online Sipping Systems 73. P. Akhter, et al., "Analytical proce- 127, December 2002. for Failed Fuel Detection in Pressur- dure for he determination of thorium, 44. Muhammad Rafique, Anwar Ahmad, ized Water Reactors", TR-154, June zinc and potassium in diet samples", Ghulam Murtaza, "Power Ramp 2003 J. Radioanal. Nucl. Chem., 253 Transient Analysis of CNPP Fuel at 60. Nadeem Elahi, Ashfaq A Siddiqui, (2002) 317. EOL using Chinese Approach", TR- "Structural Analysis of CHASNUPP 74. S. Pervez, A, Mushtaq and M. Arif, 134, December 2002, Fuel Assembly Top Nozzle", TR- "Preparation of 1E5Re-iabeled hy- 45. M Sagheer, M Riaz & M Arshad, 157, June 2003 droxyapatite for radiosynovectomy", "Evaluation of control rod and solu- 61. Ghulam Murtaza, M Rafique, "Alloy J. Radioanal. Nucl. Chem. 254 ble boron worth for CNPP using M5 - An Advanced Cladding and (2002) 383. computer codes WIMS-D/4 and CI- Structural Material", TR-160, June 75. J.H. Zaidi, M. Anf, I. Fatima, I.H, TATION", TR-136, December 2002. 2003. Qureshi,"Radiochemical neutron 46. Asif Waseem, "Main Steamline activation analysis for trace ele- Break Accident Analysis for Cycle-2 PHYSICAL ments of basic ingredient of pan",J. of Chashma 300 MWe Nuclear Radioanal. Nucl Chem. 253 (2002) Power Plant", TR-137, December SCIENCES&ENGINEERING 459. 2002. 76. M. Aslam, S. D. Orfi, K. Khan and A. 47. Aamir Ali, M Sagheer, "Analysis of Papers in Journals Jabbar,"Radiological significance of CNPP Rod Ejection Accident using Pakistani marble used for construc- PDK-ll", INUP-ITM-180, December 62. T. Yasin and S. Ahmed, "Radiation tion of dwellings", J. Radioanal. Nucl. 2002. vulcanization of acrylonitrile- Chem. 253 (2002)483. 48. M Arshad Javaid, "Developing and butadiene rubber with polyfunctional 77. Z. S. Chaudhry, et al., "Terrestrial Testing of Link Between the WQDP monomers",React. Func. Polym. 53 absorbed dose rate in the soil sam- and TWODFD Computer Codes", (2002) 173. ples of Jhanger valley ofthe eastern INUP-ITM-181, December 2002. 63. M. Zamin and T. Shaheen, salt range of Punjab, Pakistan", J. 49. Muhammad Khan, et al., "Cycle-2 "Removal of caesium-137 onto new Radioanal. Nucl. Chem. 253 (2002) Startup Parameters Prediction Re- granular silicon antimonate compos- 497. port", TR—138, January 2003. ites",Main Group Met. Chem, 25 78. S. Waheed, et al.,"Neutron activa- 50. intsar ul Haq, "Station Blackout Se- (2002) 497. tion analysis of trace elements in vere Accident Analysis for 64. Khan, S. Ahmad, S.A.R. Zaidi, F. mixed human diet of Kashmir region CHASNUPP using MELCOR 1.8,3", Mahmood and M.Y. Khokhar, for nutritional adequacy and safety TR—139, February 2003. "Removal of mercury by-1- evaluation", J. Environ. Anal. Chem. 51. Mujahid Tanvir, "Study of Nodal naphthylthiocarbamide doped xe- 81 (2002) 221. Method based Codes for Application rogel using radiotracer technique", 79. S. Waheed, et al., "Measurement of to the PWR Cores ", TR-145, March Sep. Sei. Technol. 37 (2002) 3099. fission neutron spectrum averaged 2003. 65. S. Ahmed, N. Jabeen and E.U. Reh- cross sections of some threshold 52. Parvaiz S Khan, Subhan Gul, man, "Determination of lithium iso- reactions on dysprosium: Small "General Guidelines for Technical topic composition by thermal ioniza- scale production of no carrier added Documents at INUP", ITM-007, tion mass spectrometry", Anal. 163Gd in a nuclear reactor", Radio- March 2003. Chem. 74(2002) 4133. chim. Acta 90 (2002) 443. 53. Mujahid Bajwa, "Sensitivity Study of 66. E.U. Rehman, "Build a smart battery 80 M. Wasim, et al., "Neutron activation Thermal Hydraulic Parameters for charger using a single-transistor cir- analysis of IAEA proposed certified CHASNUPP", TR—149, April 2003. cuit", Electronic Design (2002) 74. reference material IAEA 407 (North 54. M Sagheer, A Ali, M Arshad, 67. M. Ikram and F. Saif, "Engineering sea fish homogenate)", J.Radioanal.

47 Nucl. Chem. 254 (2002) 219. Phys, Res, B 207 (2003) 333. tracer technique", Radiochim Acta 81. S. Waheed, et al., "Instrumental 96. S. Ahmad,"Regenerative soot as a 91 (2003) 1 neutron activation analysis of 23 source of broad band VUV light", 111.S. Ahmad, N. Khalid and M, individual food articles from high Eur. Phy. J. D 22 (2003) 189, Daud,"Cadmium decontamination altitude region-l: Determination of 14 97 M, Uzair, et al., "The excited states from aqueous media using lateritic essential minor and trace elements", of the neutral and ionized carbon in mineral, Sep. Sei. Technol, 38 J, Radioanal. Nucl, Chem, 254 the regenerative sooting discharge", (2003) 2003. (2002) 597. J. Phys. D: Appl. Phys. 36 (2003) 1 112.H. Saleem, Q. Haque and J. Vran- 82. S.M. Hasany and R. Ahmad, 98. P. Akhter, et al., "Nutritional and ra- jes, "Nonlinear drift waves in elec- "Fixation of micro and submicro diological impact of potassium on tron-positron-ion plasmas", Phys amount of Hg (II) ions onto sawdust Pakistani population", Food Chem. Rev. E 67 (20.03) 057402 from aqueous solutions", Main Toxicol. 41 (2003) 531. 113.H. Saleem and S Mahmood, "Shear Group Met. Chem. 25 (2002) 719. 99. P. Akhter, S. D. Orfi and N. Alfvén density dips in electron- 83. J. Akhtar, et al,, "Determination of Ahmad,"Estimation of cesium levels positron-ion plasmas", Phys, Plas- oxygen and nitrogen impurities in in Pakistani diet",J. Env.iron. Radio- mas 10 (2003) 2612. magnesium metal by vacuum distil- act, 67 (2003) 109. 114.S. Mahmood, M. Ahmad and H lation and ICP-OES technique",Turk. 100.K. Khan, et al,, "Natural radioactivity Saleem, "Ion acoustic solitary wave J, Chem. 26 (2002) 1. levels in river, stream and drinking in homogeneous magnetized elec- 84. Q. Haque and H. Saleem, water of the Northwestern Areas of tron-positron-ion plasmas", New J. "Nonlinear dusts Alfven waves in Pakistan", J. Radioanal. Nucl. Phys. 5 (2003) 28. plasmas with shear flow", Rhys, Chem. 256(2003)289. 115,S, Mahmood and H Saleem, "Dust Plasmas. 9 (2002) 3633. 101.P. Akhter, et al., "Thorium concen- acoustic solitary wave in the pres- 85. M. Salahuddin, H. Saleem and M. tration in Pakistani diet, Health ence of dust streaming", Phys Plas- Saddiq, "Ion-acoustic envelope soli- Phys, V 84 (2003) 784. mas 10 (2003) 47, tons in electron-positron-ion plas- 102.Ali, F. Rashid and S.D. Orfi, 116.H. Saleem and R. Khan, mas",Rhys. Rev. E 66 (2002) 36407, "Globule formation of a clay mineral "Electromagnetic resistive drift insta- 86. K.M. Khan, P. Ahmad and K, Iqbal, and rapid method for the treatment bility in current carrying low tem- "Eley-Rideal model for a monomer- of liquid radioactive waste", Radio- perature TOKAMAK edge", J. Fu- trimer catalytic reaction of the type chim. Acta 91 (2003) 4, sion Energy, 21 (2003) 1. ,,13B A+B3®AB: A Monte-Carlo simulation 103.S. Pervez, et al., Re- 117 M, Ahmad, et. al, "Diffusion bonding study",J. P.hys. Condens. Matter 14 Glucoheptonate; A radiopharmaceu- of stainless steel to zircaloy-4 in the (2002) 7177. tical for intravascular radiation ther- presence of Ta as intermediate 87. K. M. Khan and A. Khan,"Catalytic apy",J, Radioanal, Nucl, Chem. 256 layer", J. Nucl Mater. 317 (2003)

reduction of NO with H2 on a square (2003) 293. 212, surface: A Monte-Carlo simulation 104.Mushtaq; "Preparation of high spe- 118.M, Ahmad, et, al, "Role of solute study",J, Rhys. Condens. Matter 14 cific volume solutions of technetium- segregation of microstructure and (2002)7919. 99m and rhenium-188",Appl, Radiat. mechanical properties of zircaloy-4", 88. M. Nadeem, et al., "AC study of 10% Isot. 58 (2003) 309. J. Mater. Eng. Perform. 12 (2003)

Fe doped La0 esCao 35Mn03 mate- 105.M.M. Saeed and M. Ahmed, 179, rial", Chem. Phys. Lett. 366 (2002) "Adsorption profile of Sb (V) onto 119.R. Shaheen, et. al, "Atomistic com-

433, diphenylthiocarbazone loaded poly- puter simulation studies of Sr2Ru04 89. Aslam, et al., "Thermoelectric power urethane foam",J. Radioanal. Nucl and Ca2Ru04", J. Phys. Chem Sol- measurements in Fe doped Chem. 256 (2003) 121, ids 64 (2003) 237. LaoesCaoasMnOs," J. Phys. Con- 106.Khan, et al./'Efficacy of a new TAN 120 M.J. Akhtar and S. Waseem, dens, Matter 14 (2002) 10305. doped sol-gel sorbent for uptake of "Computational study of Scheelite 90. F. Malik, et al., "Swelling in CR-39 zinc",Radiochim. Acta 91 (2003) (ZrSi04) by employing static simula- and its effect on the bulk etch rate", 413. tion techniques", Solid State Sei. 5 Radiat. Meas. 35 (2002) 103. 107.S. Waheed, et al,/'Transference of (2003) 541. 91. R, Bilal, S. Roohi, T. Ahmad and T. inorganic elements in air and their 121.M. Ahmad, et. al, l"nterwell tracing P. Trinidad,"Iron fortification of enrichment in ash during coal com- by environmental isotopes at Fim- wheat flour: bioavailability studies", bustion", Toxicol. Environ. Chem. 83 kassar Oilfield, Pakistan", Appl Ra- Food and Nutrition Bulletin 23 (2003) 13. diat. Isot. 58 (2003)611. et. al. (2002) 199. 108.M.M. Saeed, M. Ahmed and A. 122.M. Farooq, "Radiotracer investiga- 92. M. Ikram and F. Saif, "Erratum: En- Ghaffar, "Adsorption behaviour of tions of municipal sewage treatment gineering entanglement between Hg (II) from acetate medium onto stations", Nukleonika 48 (2003) 57. two cavity modes",Phys. Rev. A 67 PAR-imbedded polyurethane foam", 123.M.A. Rana and I.E. Qureshi, (2003) 069901. Ads. Sei. Technol. 21 (2003) 67. "Studies of CR-39 etch rates", Nucl 93. M. Iqbal, et al., "An indirectly heated 109.M.M. Saeed, "Adsorption profile and Instrum. Methods Phys. Res. B 198 electron beam emitter assembly" thermodynamic parameters of the (2003) 129, Rev, Sei. Instrum. 74 (2003) 1196. preconcentration of Eu (III) on 2- 124.F.U. Rehman, et al "Experimental 94. E.U. Rehman,"Simple electronic thenoyltrifluoroacetone loaded poly- and Monte Carlo "illation studies lock uses single-transistor circuit", urethane (PUR) foam", J, Radioanal. of open cylindrical iddon monitoring Electronic Design (2003) 67. Nucl. Chem. 256 (2003) 73. device using CR-39 detector",J. En- 95. M. N, Akhtar, B. Ahmad and S. 110.S. M, Hasany, R. Ahmad and M.H. viron, Radioact. 65 (2003) 243. Ahmad, "Low energy heavy ion de- Chaudhry, "Investigation of sorption 125.S.U. Rehman, et. al; "A thermal tection with the plastic scintillator NE of Hg (II) ions onto coconut husk analysis study of 1,2- 102E", Nucl, Instrum. Methods from aqueous solution using radio- dipiperidinoethane halide complexes

48 of Co(ll), Ni(ll), Hg(ll) and Cd(ll) by open large gathering public address 150.M. A. Tasneem, Stable isotopes of TG-DTG-DTA Techniques",The Nu- system", International Symposium dissolved oxygen as an innovative cleus 36 (2002) 1 on Mechanical Vibrations, Islama- tool for water quality parameter esti- 126.M A Tasneem, et. al, "Isotopic and bad, 23-27 September, 2002 mation", ibid hydro-chemical study ofthe effect of 140.Z. Ahmed, "Quality management of 151.M Ahmad. "Isotope characterization tannery effluents on groundwater open gathering sound system based of major rivers of Indus Basin, Paki- quality in Kasur area",The Nucleus upon intellectual circuitry design with stan", ibid. 38 (2001) 157 , smart usage of equipment", ibid. 152.M. Nadeem, et. al, "Effects of Fe 127 M Ahmad, J.A Tariq, N Iqbal and 141.M. Ikram, "Engineering entangle- doping at Mn site in La M Rafiq, "Radioactive tracer study ment between two cavity modes, oesCa^MnOj materials", Summer of hydraulic parameters for optimiza- Joint ICTP-INFM School on Entan- College and Conference on Physics tion of in-situ leach mining patterns", glement at Nanoscale", AS-ICTP, & Chemistry of Rare Earth Mangan- The Nucleus 39 (2002) 7. Trieste, Italy, 28 October - 08 No- ites, AS-ICTP. Trieste, Italy, 1-18 128 M, Ahmad, et al, Hydrological ap- vember. 2002 June 2003. praisal of radioactive waste disposal 142 Wahid, J Zeb, "Safety & security of 153.R M. Qureshi, "Isotopic investiga- site at PINSTECH,The Nucleus 39 the sealed radiation sources at PIN- tion of saline water intrusion and (2002) 17. STECH", IAEA/Regional Workshop related impacts, on potable water 129 T Jabbar, et. al, "Distribution of on the Safety of Radiation Sources quality in coastal aquifer of Karachi, natural radionuclides in soil samples and Safety of Radioactive Materials, Pakistan", Second RCM ofthe CRP of Quaid-I-Azam University, Islama- Tokyo, Japan, 11-15 November, on Origin of Salinity and Impacts on bad, Pakistan".The Nucleus 39 2002. Fresh Water Resources: Optimiza- (2002) 55. 143. H. Saleem and S. Mahmood. Den- tions of Isotopic Technique, Vienna, 130.J Akhter, et. al, "Occupational radia- sity depletion associated with shear Austria, 10-13 June. 2003 13 tion doses of workers at Pakistan Alfvén wave in electron-positron-ion 154.Z. Latif, "Glucose tolerance by CO: Research Reactor (PARR-1 ) and at plasma. Workshop onTheoretical breath test- methodology and utiliza- Radioisotope Production Plant Plasma Astrophysics, Miramare, tion", International Conference on (RIPP) during 1995 to 1999",The Trieste, Italy, 11-22 November, Isotopic and Nuclear Analytical Nucleus 39 (2002) 75. 2002, Techniques for Health and Environ- 131.R Qamar, et. al, "Recognition of 144 J, Qadir, et. al, "Enhancement of ment, Vienna, Austria, 10-13 June, concrete objects using pattern rec- miniature neutron source reactor 2003. ognition techniques of artificial neu- core reactivity by beryllium shim 155.K. Khan, "Assessment of natural ral networks", The Nucleus 39 plate addition", IAEA Workshop on radionuclide levels in Pakistani food- (2002) 83 Small Research Reactors, Kingston, stuffs and associated radiation 132 S Raza, "On the importance of Jamaica, West Indies, 13-17 Janu- doses", ibid. modeling in air pollution dispersion ary, 2003. 156 T. Yasin, S. Ahmed and Mr. M. studies", Sei Vision 8 (2002) 130 145.UR Malik and S M. Hasany, Fuzail, "The effect of various poly- 133.N. U, Jamroz K. Khan and S. S "Sunflower stem: A novel and eco- functional monomers on radiation Shah, "Effect of metal stéarate sur- nomical scavenger for the removal crosslinking of acrylonitrile- factants against the degradation of of Hg (II) ions from aqueous solu- butadiene rubber", International poly vinyl chloride", Pak. J. Anal tions", 7th International Symposium Bhurban Conference on Applied Sci- Chem 3 (2002) 75 on Analytical and Environmental ences and Technology, Bhurban, 134 M. Iqbal, et al, Mechanical alloying Chemistry, University of Sindh, Jam- Pakistan, 16-18 June, 2003. of Al and Zn, J. Nat. Sei, Maths 41 shoro, Pakistan, 4-5 March, 2003. 157.G.H. Zahid, et. al, "Fabrication of Al/

(2001) 175. 146.R.M Qureshi and A. Mashiatullah, Al203 composite by in-site displace- "Nuclear techniques to address wa- ment reaction", International Confer- ter specific environmental concerns ence on Applied Sciences and Conference Presentations in coastal Baluchistan", International Technologies, Bhurban, Pakistan, Conference on Human Resources 16-21 June, 2003, 135.M.M. Ashraf, "Current status of neu- and Economic Development in Balu- 158.N. Batool, A. Osman and A.A. t: tron radiography in Pakistan", 7 ' chistan, Quetta, Pakistan, 19-20 Haqqani, "Image exploitation and World Conference on Neutron Radi- March, 2003. dissemination prototype of distrib- ography, Rome, Italy, 15-21 Sep- 147 M. Ahmad, "Integration of isotope uted image processing, in the pro- tember, 2002 techniques in hydrology for water fessional category", 13th all Paki- 136.S. Raza, "On the importance of resources management", ibid. stan Software Competition and Exhi- modeling in air pollution dispersion 148.R Bilal, "Use of isotopic techniques bition, KRL, Islamabad, studies", 3,a International Science for food fortification programs in 27-29 July, 2002. Conference, University of Arid Agri- Asia", IAEA Regional Public Infor- 159.G. M. Malik, et. al, Measurement of culture, Rawalpindi, 26-28 Septem- mation Seminar, Beijing, China, 6-8 trace elements in the aquatic envi- ber, 2002. April, 2003. ronment of Chashma Barrage, 3'" 137.R M Qureshi, "A study and analysis 149.R.M. Qureshi and A. Mashiatullah, Executive Management Seminar on of noise pollution in Rawalpindi city", "Isotope hydro-chemical evaluation Environmentand Health, Islama- ibid. of groundwater in coastal Karachi, bad, 1-3 October, 2002. 138.T. Jabbar, A. Rashid, S, D. Orfi and Pakistan", IAEA International Sym- 160.T. Jabbar, et. al, Measurement of 90 M. S. Subhani, Measurement of Sr posium on Isotope Hydrology and radiation doses due to natural radio- in soil samples of Islamabad city, Integrated Water Resources Man- activity in soil samples of Quaid-I- ibid. agement, Vienna, Austria, 19-23 Azam University, Islamabad, ibid. 139.Z. Ahmed, "Sound wave manage- May, 2003 161. Jabbar, P. Akhter, S. D. Orfi and S. ment for high quality speech in an

49 Rashid, "Measurement of radioactiv- 180.R. Ahmad and S.M. Hasany, "The 196.M. Munir, et al., "Users manual ity in soil samples collected from efficacy of coconut husk as a scav- (RaDLab report 2) on software of different cities of Pakistan", ibid. enger for Cd (II) ions", ibid. Radiation Dosimetry Laboratory 162.S. Pervez, A. Mushtaq and M. Je- 181.H. Rehman, S. Ahmad and M.Z. (RaDLab)" for "Thermoluminescent hangir, "Preparation and in vitro Iqbal, "Adsorption behaviour of acid dosimetry service", HPD-236 evaluation of "no carrier added" red-1 on rice husk from aqueous (2002).9 188Re-Biotinyl-Hydrazino", ibid. solutions", ibid. 197.M. Jehangir, A. Mushtaq and M. M. 163.J.H. Zaidi, I. Fatima and S. Ahmad, 182.H. Rehman, S. Ahmad and M.Z. Ishfaq, "Generator Production Labo- "Measurement of trace elements in Iqbal, "Removal of Rhodamine-B ratory and its safety assessment", different species of medicinal from aqueous solutions", ibid. IPD-Rep-1 (2002). herbs", ibid. 183.S. A. Bhatti, "Laser applications in 198.M. Jehangir, A. Mushtaq and M. M. 164.M. Khalid, et. al, "Application of biology", First Conference on Bio- Ishfaq, "Radioactive Commissioning sephadex to radiochemical separa- Photonics, Department of Physics, of Generator Production Laboratory tions of "mTc from "Mo and 188Re Quaid-i-Azam University, Islamabad, (GPL)", IPD-Rep-2 (2002). from 188W", ibid. 7-9 October, 2002. 199.M. Jehangir and A. Mushtaq, 165.R.M. Qureshi and A. Mashiatullah, 184. S. Ahmad, S. Janjua, B. Ahmed and "Feasibility report for the separation "Assessment of ambient air quality A. Aleem, "Emission spectroscopy of of molybdenum-99 from neutron ir- in Rawalpindi-Islamabad", ibid. monatomic carbon in sooting dis- radiated U-235 for the production of th 166.S. Rahman, et. al, "Flame atomic charge", 9 National Symposium on technetium-99m generators for nu- emission spectrometric determina- Frontiers in Physics, Government clear medicine", IPD-Rep-3 (2003). tion of lithium in blood", ibid. College University Lahore, 28-30 200. N. Batool, A.A. Huqqani and A. 167.H. Ahmed and R. Ahmad, January, 2003. Mahmood, "Report on image exploi- "Agroecology and biodiversity of the 185.M. Iqbal, "Physics of electron beam tation and dissemination: Prototype catchment area of Swat River", ibid. emission: new perspectives", ibid. of distributed image processing", 168.S. Waheed, et. al, "Transference of 186.M. Ahmad and U. Khurshid, PINSTECH-178 (2003). inorganic elements in air and their "Radiography in modern industry 201.N, Hussain, et al., "Failure analysis enrichment in coal ash", ibid. and life prediction of material struc- of fuel cladding materials (aluminium 169.A H. et. al, "Temporal variation in tures", ibid. tin tubes)", NMD-35 (2003). concentrations of fine particulate 187.H. Saleem, "Alfvén waves in multi- 202.N. Hussain, T. Manzoor and N. A. matter in the rural area of Islama- component plasmas", ibid. Chughtai, "Evaluation of descaling bad", ibid. 188.S. Mahmood and H, Saleem, chemicals (w.r.t. attack on metal- 170.J.H. Zaidi, "An overview of analysis "Effects of dust streaming on nonlin- matrix)", NMD-36 (2003). of inorganic particulate pollutants by ear dust acoustic wave", ibid. 203.N. Hussain, et al., Evaluation of nuclear methods", ibid. 189.Q. Haque and' H. Saleem, "Drift modified KANDECON descaling so- 171.M. Daud, S. Ahmad and M.Z. Iqbal, waves in electron-positron-ion plas- lutions w.r.t. their corrosive attack on "Leaves of Broussonetia Papyrifera mas", ibid. PHT system of KANUPP, NMD-37 as biomonitor of air pollution", ibid. 190.J. Akthar, S.K. Durrani and N.A. (2003). 172.M. Daud, S. Ahmad and M.Z. Iqbal, Chughtai, "Determination of gase- 204.J.I. Gill, et al., Purification of com- "Evaluation of air pollution level us- ous impurities in metals and alloys", mercial TBP, NMD-38 (2003). ing leaves of Asclepian gigantea", Dynamics of Analytical Chemistry, 205.M. Akram, et al., "Recovery of ce- ibid. Islamabad, 3 March 2003. rium from Pakistani carbonatites", 173.Fatima, J.H. Zaidi and S. Ahmad, 191.K. Mahmood, "Role of SSDL activi- PINST-NMD-39 (2003). "Small scale production of medically ties in radiation standardization in 206.N. K. Qazi, et al., "Design of pilot important 153 Sm and 45 Ti in nuclear the country", IAEA/National Work- scale facility for production of cerium reactor", ibid.. shop on Dose Monitoring Tehniques metal from carbonatite rocks of Loe- 174.N. Khalid, M. Daud and S. Ahmad, Under the Project RAS/9/030, Shilman (NWFP) Pakistan", PINST- "Decontamination of arsenic from CHASNUPP site, Kundian, District NMD-40 (2003). aqueous solution using lateritic mix- Mianwali, 21-25 April, 2003. 207.G.Y. Hasan, et al., "Conversion of ture", ibid. 192.J. Akhter, "Provision of external per- UF6to U02 by integrated dry route 175.R. Ahmed and S.A. Qureshi, sonal radiation monitoring services (IDR) process (Design of a labora- "Determination of As (III) and As (V) and dose record keeping software tory scale facility)", PINST-NMD-41 in natural water by differential pulse RAD LAB", ibid. (2003). voltammetry", ibid. 208.M.M. Ashraf, M. Ahmed and U. 176. Khan, S. Ahmad, et al, "A-new dis- Reports Khurshid, "Material examination by posable colorimetric sensor for neutron radiography", 7th Interna- monitoring of toxic metal jons in wa- 193.J. Zeb, Shielder, "Gamma shielding tional Symposium on Advanced Ma- ters and effluents", ibid. calculations of radionuclides emit- terials (2001) 228. (published in 2002). 177.1 Yamin, et al, "Studies about the ting photons 0.5 to 10 MeV", Nu- determination of cadmium in natural clear Energy Agency (NEA) France, 209.M. Akram, et al., "Application of neu- waters", ibid. IAEA1391 (2002). tron induced autoradiography tech- 178.S.Z. Bajwa, et al, "Removal of lead 194.M. Aslam, M.lsrar, et al., nique in determination of boron in from aqueous solution by 1-(2- "PINSTECH Annual Safety report aluminium", Ibid, pp. 250. thiazolylazo)-2-naphthol loaded 2001-2002", PINSTECH/HPD SAF- 210.S. Raza, "Atmospheric dispersion Polyurethane foam", ibid. 21 (2002). modelling", GCIS Introductory Work- 179.R. Ahmed, M. Hussain and V. Nisa, 195.Hussain, et al., "Calibration of neu- shop on Mathematical Modeling in "Potentialities of coulometry in envi- tron survey meters", PINSTECH-177 its Applications to Development Is- sues, 29 October - 02 November ronmental pollution studies", ibid. (2002).

50 (2002). of Seed Technology. cotton (Gossypium hirsutum L.) de- 211.M. Iqbal and C.J. Jeong, 222.Alam, S.M. 2002. "Effect of seeds of veloped through induced mutations "Investigation on PWR-to-PWR fuel Phalaris minor and NaCl on seedling and hybridization", Asian Jr. of Plant recycling by DUPIC process", Proc. growth of wheat", Pakistan Journal Sciences, 1(5): 581-582, PHYSOR 2002, Seoul, Korea, 7- of Seed Technology. 237.Khatri, A, et al., 2002. "Studies on lOOctober (2002). 223.Alam, S.M., et al., "Influence of callusing and regeneration potential 212.C.J. Jeong, M. Iqbal and G.H. Roh, aqueous leaf extract of common of indigenous and exotic sugarcane "Recycling of high burnup spent lambsquarters and NaCl on the ger- clones". Asian J. Plant Sei., 1(1) 41- PWR fuel in CANDU reactors", ibid. mination, growth and nutrient con- 43. 213.M. Iqbal, C.J. Jeong and G.H. Roh, tents of wheat", Acta Physiol. Plant, 238.Khan, I.A., et al., R. 2002. "Direct use of spent PWR fuel in Ac- 24(4): 359-364 "Performance of somaclones under celerated Driven System (ADS)", 224.Alam, S.M, M. Ali and Ejaz-ul-lslam. field conditions at NIA, Tandojam", th Proc. OECD/NEA 7 Information 2002. "Effects of zinc, nitrogen and Pak. J. Bot., 34 (1) 65-71. Exchange Meeting on Actinide and temperatures on seedling growth of 239.Khan, I. A, et al., R. 2002. Fission Product Partitioning & rice", Pakistan Journal of Botany, 34 "Performance of exotic sugarcane Transmutation, Korea, 14-16 Octo- (4): 351-354 clones at NIA, Tando Jam", Asian J. ber (2002). 225.Alam, S.M and M.A. Khan. 2003. Plant Science, 1 (3): 238-240. 214.S. Bakhtyar, et ai., "Comparative "Effect of weed seed of barnyard 240.Khan, I.A., et al., R. 2002. study of research reactor core utiliz- grass and NaCl on the growth of "Performance of promising sugar- ing LEU and mixed (LEU and HEU) rice", Asian J, Plant Sciences, 2(1): cane clone for yield and quality fuels", Proc. 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52 for evaluating phosphorus fertilizer- sation for improved L-lysine produc- 316.Hamed, M., M. Zahid. 2003. use efficiency in maize", Pak. J, Soil tion by a mutant, WARN 30522", "Relative efficacy of different insecti- Sei, 21(4) Pakistan J. Zool 34: 113- 118. cides against the second instar lar- 289. Mahmood T, Kaiser WM (2003) 302.Atta, B.M., et al., 2003. "Induced vae of American bollworm "Growth and solute composition of Flower color mutations in chickpea", (Helicoverpa armigera (Hub), of Cot- the salt-tolerant kallar grass International Chickpea and Pigeon- ton", Pak. J Biological Sei. 6(6) 563- [Leptochloa fusca (L.) Kunth] as af- pea Newsletter 10:6-7. 565. fected by nitrogen source", Plant 303,Bandesha, A.A., M.Aslam and M B. 317.Hanif, M., et al., 2002. 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301.Nadeem. S., Mahboob, R.S. and spotted bollworm in advanced geno- 327,Ahmad, M.( M. Hussain and M. Shakoori, A . R , 2002. types of cotton", Pak. Entomol. 24 Shafique. 2002. "Important macro- "Characterization and media optimi- (2): 101-104. and micro- elements in wheat and

53 rice", The Nucleus 38 (3-4): 311 - 340.Aslam, Z. 2003, Article on "Evaluation and selection of wheat 315. "Principles of using salt-affected genotypes for high yield and drought 328.Ahmad. M., et al., 2002. "Important land and brackish groundwater" In: tolerance", ibid. macro- and micro- elements in Newsletter on "Salinity and Environ- 352.R. Zamir, et al., 2003. "Studies on chickpea and lentil", The Nucleus 39 ment", 1(2), April 2003. the shelf life elongation in garlic (1 -2): 101 - 105. 341 .Ashraf, M. Y., K, Akhtar, G. Sarwar (Allium sativum L.), 8th National 329.Ahmad, M., J.C. Hauser, C. Heijnen and M, Ashraf. 2002. "Evaluation of Meeting of Plant Scientists Feb. 24- and M A. Chaudhry. 2002. "Solar arid and semi-arid ecotypes of guar 28,2003", Department of Botany, drying of fruits and vegetables", (Cyamopsis tetragonoloba L.) for University of Karachi, Pakistan. salinity (NaCl) tolerance", Journal of Pakistan J. Agric. Res. 17 (3): 237 - 353.G.S.S.Khattak, R. Zamir, T. 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In: Proc. workshop on water use-efficiency of Sporobolus 357. Iftikhar Ali and Mumtaz Ahmad "Technologies for sustainable agri- arabicus and Leptochloa fusca and "Microspore mutagenesis in oilseed culture" held at NIAB, Faisalabad, its relation with carbon-isotope dis- brassicas". "First National Sympo- Pakistan. (Eds. F. Azam, M. Iqbal, crimination under semi-arid condi- sium on Biotechnology, at Centre for tions", Plant and Soil 249:263-269. C. Inayatullah and K.A. Malik)", Nu- Advanced Studies in Biotechnology, 1 clear Institute for Agriculture and 348.Akhter, J., et al., 2003. Amelioration University of Sindh, Jamshoro, Biology, Faisalabad, pp. 75-86, of a saline sodic soil through cultiva- March 22-23, 2003 336.Ali. Y., et al., 2002, "Reaction of tion of a salt-tolerant grass Leptoch- 358.T.Ahmad et al., 2003. "Nutritional cowpea (Vigna unguiculata L. 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Wilczek) germplasm", 8™, Na- ductivity,Hand and water use effi- Conference Presentations tional Meeting of Plant Scientists 24- ciency by traditional and laser land- 28, March 2003, Karachi University. leveling techniques", Online J, Biol. 350.Badshah, A. M. Khan, et. al, (2002). 360,Sarwar, G., M. Ahmad, M. S, Sadiq • .Sei. 3:. 141-146. "Screening of bread wheat (Triticum and M. Saleem 2003, "Use of muta- 339rA-slam, Z. 2003. Article on "Social aestivum L.) mutants/varieties for tion breeding for the improvement of - mobilisation, community develop- quality characteristics". Proc. 3rd Int, mungbean (Vigna radiata (L.) • -ment and capacity building for saline Science Conf.pp 21, 26-28 Septem- Wilczek) germplasm", ibid • agriculture" In: Newsletter on ber, Univ, of Arid Agriculture, Rawal- "Salinity and Environment" 1 (2) pindi April, 2003. 351.Khan, A.J., et. al, A Ali (2002).

54 th "Sustainable utilization of saline Conference Proceedings 13 National Chemistry Conference, Dec. 28-31 2002 Karachi, Pakistan, ground water and wastelands for plant production". Final report of 361.Aslam M, et al., 2003. 370.S.A. Khanum, et al., 2003. "Studies IAEA T.C. Project No.lNT/05/144, "Standardization of tissue culture on physiology and reproductive en- published by NIAB, Faisalabad, technology. Suitable for inducing docrinology of female Dwarf goat Pakistan. pp,100. genetic transformation through (under normal and saline conditions) 378. Iftikhar Ali, 2003. Post Participation DNA-microinjection in the Proced, using Radioimmunoassay tech- Technical Report of First joint FAO/ locally adopted cotton genotypes niques", Proceedings of Interna- IAEA Research Coordinated Meet- Proced, of 8th National Conference tional seminar on goat production in ing on the "Physical mapping tech- of plant scientists held at Karachi, SAARC countries, Islamabad, or- nologies for the identification and March 23-28, 2003 ganized by Pakistan Agriculture Re- search Council and Ministry of For- characterization of mutated genes 362.Aslam M. et al., "Induction of elite eign Affairs, Government of Paki- contributing to crop quality" held at mutants through crosses with stan on April 22 - 24, 2003, pp. Vienna International Center, Vienna, gamma irradiated pollen in cotton", 128 - 145, Austria from 31 March to 4 April S.hirsute L, Proced. Of 8th National 2003. Conference of Plant Scientists held 371 Aslam. Z, et al., 2002. "Growth, ion at Karachi, March 23-28, 2003. uptake, agro-industrial uses and en- 379. Iftikhar Ali, 2003. Technical Report of Three-day Technical Workshop 363. Aslam.M.2002, "Evaluation of cotton vironmental implications of Eucalyp- on "Physical Mapping Technologies" mutant NIAB-98 for yield potential tus camaldulensis in saline systems. under IAEA Coordinated Research and adoptability develop through In: Prospects of Saline Agriculture", Programme held from 7-9 April pollen. irradiation", Proceeding of Ist Ed. R.Ahmed and K.A, Malik, Klu- 2003 at IAEA Seibersdorf laborato- National Conference of Biology, wer Academic Publishers, The Neth- ries, Vienna, Austria. Govt. College, Lahore. erland. pp. 277-285. 380 Syed Jawad Ahmad Shah and F. 364.Cheema A. A,, et al., 2002, 372.Ashraf, M Y and G, Sarwar. 2002. t Azam.2003. Final Technical Report "Induced semi dwarf mutant gene in "Salt tolerance potential in some Pak Swiss Funded Research Project Basmati rice to alter plant type for members of Brassica physiological studies on water relations and min- "Exploring the role of farmer led sustainable agriculture", Proceeding eral contents. In: Prospects for Sa- management practices on various of seminar on "Sustainable utiliza- line Agriculture", (Eds. R. Ahmad tomato and cucumber diseases in tion of plant genetic resources for and K.A. Malik) Kluwer Academic Peshawar and Dargai areas of agricultural production" from 17-19, Publishers, The Netherlands NWFP:" 85 pp Dec 2002 PGRI, NARC, PARC, pp.237-245. Islamabad, pp 62-67, 365.Khan J.A., et al , 2003. "Screening 373 Hussain, F. 2002. "Nitrogen fertiliz- Articles of rice germplasm against blast dis- ers for sustainable high crop produc- ease caused by Pyricularia oryzae tivity. In: Proc. Natl. Workshop on 381.Alam, S.M. 2002. Functions of NPK rd "Technologies for Sustainable Agri- cav", Proceedings of 3 National and their important fertilizers. Finan- culture", Sept. 24-26, 2001, Fais- Conference of Plant Pathology, Oct. cial Post, Wednesday, 10 July, p, 4, alabad, (Eds, F.Azam, M.M. Iqbal, 1-3, 2001, NARC, Islamabad, pp 86- 382.Alam, S.M, 2002. Rice growth in C. Inayatullah and K.A. Malik), Nu- 89 saline soils. Financial Post, Thurs- clear Institute for Agriculture and 366 Sadiq M S., et al., 2002. "Alien lentil day, 11 July, p. 4. Biology, Faisalabad, pp.117-129. germplasm, its utilization for im- 383.Alam, S.M, 2002, Plants help to re- proved phonological traits. Proc 374.Alam, S.M and R. Ansari. 2002. duce indoor air pollution, Pakistan Sustainable utilization of plant ge- Use of brackish water on growth and Gulf and Economist, Vol XXI, No. nutrient contents of Bajra netic resources for agriculture pro- 28, p. 36. (Pennisetum Typhoideum L.) Pro- duction", Eds Anwar, R. M. S, Bhatti. 384.Alam, S.M. 2002, Elements from the ceedings of the International Semi- Junji Takahashi and Shahid air - Nitrogen fixation. Financial nar on the Prospects for Bio-saline Masood. Pp 22-26. Post, Monday, 22 July, p, 4. Agriculture held at National Agricul- 367 Sarwar, G , M, S, Sadiq, M, Saleem 385.Alam, S.M. 2002. Morphology and tural Research Centre, Islamabad, and G. Abbas 2002. "Genotype x rice growth. Pakistan Gulf and 10-12 April, published by Kluwer Environment interaction in newly Economist, Vol. XXI, No. 29, pp. 32- Academic publishers B.V., developed lentil germplasm under 34, Dordrecht, The Netherlands, pp. cotton based cropping system", Proc 386.Alam, S.M. 2002. Rose flower - A 193-197. Sustainable utilization of plant ge- symbol of love. Financial Post, Sat- netic resources for agriculture. Eds urday, 27 July, p. 4. Anwar R M. S. Bhatti, Junji Taka- Reports 387.Alam, S.M, 2002 Need of trees on hashi and Shahid Masood pp 219- farms. Pakistan Gulf and Economist, 226. 375.Wahed, R.A. and M M Iqbal. 2002. Vol. XXI, No 30, pp. 37-39. 368.Shah, T.M., et al , 2002 "Utilization Biological shielding of C4-1 project 388.Alam, S.M. 2002. Medicinal plants of wild chickpea germplasm for re- in desert environment Report No. and their importance. Financial Post, sistance to various stresses. Proc. NIAB/BSRS-ll/01. Nuclear Institute Wednesday, 24 July, p. 4. Seminar on "Sustainable Utilization for Agriculture and Biology (NIAB), 389.Alam, S.M. 2002. Phenomenon of of Plant Genetic Resources for Agri- Faisalabad, Pakistan, pp. 22. saline agriculture. Financial Post, cultural Production" 17-19 Dec 376.Akhter, J., et al., 2003. "Carbon iso- 31st July 2002, p. 4. 2002, NARC, Islamabad, Pakistan. tope discrimination in salt tolerant 390.Alam, S.M. 2002. Phenomenon of 369,Syeda Hina, et al., 2002."Evaluation plants in relation to soil moisture saline agriculture-ll. Financial Post, of wild Cicer Species against Fusa- under semi-arid climate. Final Re- 2na August 2002, p, 4. rium wilt by using peroxide port IAEA Contract 11331, 16 pp. 391.Alam, S.M. 2002, Importance of isozyme", Proc 3rd International & 377.Naqvi M.H., et al,, 2002.

55 seeds Reflections, 21(2): July - Au- 412 Alam, S M. 2002. Soil structure and estry sector in the country. Pakistan gust 2002, pp. 25-26 its genesis. Pakistan & Gulf Econo- & Gulf Economist, Feb., 24 - March 392.Alam, S.M. 2002 The bounteous mist, Nov., 11-17, XXI No. 45, pp. 2, XXII., 8: 44-45. th banana. Financial Post, 6 August 36-40. 432.Alam, S.M. and M.H. Naqvi. 2003. 2002, p. 4 413.Alam, S,M. 2002. Organic manuring Oil palm cultivation, Pakistan & Gulf 393.Alam, S,M. 2002. Waterlogging and and agriculture. Pakistan & Gulf Economist, March 3-9, XXII., 9: 28- salinity - The major constraints in Economist, Nov., 18-24, XXI No. 46, 29, crop growth. Business Men, 8(16): pp. 31-32. 433.Alam, S.M. 2003. Agroforestry sys- 14-31 August 2002 (Fortnightly), p. 414.Alam, S.M, 2002 Salt tolerance and tem in environment-friendly. Finan- 5. plant growth. Financial Post, Thurs- cial Post, Thursday, 12 March, p, 4. st 394.Alam, S,M, and M.A. Khan. 2002. day 21 Nov., 2002, p. 4. 434.Alam, S.M. 2003, Agricultural pro- Mango exports tripled. Dawn, 15th 415 Alam, S.M. 2002. Mercury-A harm- ductivity through organic residues July, p. III ful element. Financial Post, Monday Reflections, 26(26): 21-22 th 395.AI.am, S.M. 2002. Radioisotopes - A 25 Nov , 2002, p. 4. 435.Alam, S.M., M.H, Naqvi and M.A. tool for agriculture science. Pakistan 416,Alam, S.M. 2002. Sprinkler irrigation Khan. 2003. Food production poten- .Gulf and Economist. Aug,, 12-18, and its use in Pakistan. Pakistan & tial in the country. Pakistan & Gulf Vol XXI, No. 32 37-39. Gulf Economist, Dec., 2-15, XXI No Economist, March 10-16, XXII (10): 396 Alam, S.M. 2002 Earth and its 48, pp. 33-4. 38-39, chemical composition. Pakistan Gulf 417 Alam, S.M., 2002, Biosaline Agricul- 436.Alam, S.M. 2003. Potash and its and Economist, Aug, 19-25, Vol ture Combating salinity through uses in agriculture. Financial Post, XXI No 33: 41-43. plant management. Farming Out- Sunday, March 16, p. 4. 397. Alam, S M. 2002. Utilization of sa- look, July-Sept., 2002, 2(1):. 16-18. 437.Alam, SIM, M.H, Naqvi and M.A. line land Pakistan Gulf and Econo- 418.Alam, S.M, 2002. Arid land and In- Khan. 2003. Water and plant mist, Sept, 16-22 28-30. dustrial crops. Pakistan Gulf and growth, Pakistan & Gulf Economist, 398.Alam, S.M. 2002. Wheat productivity Economist, 23-29 Dec., XXI, No. 51: March 17-23, XXII (11): 29-30. in the country. Financial Post, Fri- 39-47. 438.Alam, S,M, and M H. Naqvi. 2003. day, October 4, p 4. 419.Alam, S.M. 2003. Desertification and Importance of rice crop. Pakistan & 399.Âlam, S.M 2002. Growing trees in its control. Pakistan Gulf and Econo- Gulf Economist, March 31 - April 6. fields. Insight, Sept., pp, 18-21. mist, 6-12 January, XXII, No. 1: 41. XXII (13): 29. 400.Alam, S.M. 2002 Effect of drought 420.Alam, S.M. 2003. Bamboo plant and 439.Alam, S.M and M.H. Naqvi. 2003, on plant growth Insight, Sept., pp its usefulness. Financial Post, Cotton crop. Pakistan & Gulf Econo- 32-34 Wednesday 15th January, 2003, p. mist, April 7-13, XXII (14): 17. 401 Alam, S.M 2002. Radiation preser- 4 440.Alam. SM, M.H. Naqvi and M.A vation of foods. Financial Post, 421.Alam, S.M. 2003. A soil cancer - Khan 2003. Soil salinity and rice Thursday, October 10, p. 4. Salinity and plant growth. Pakistan crop. Pakistan & Gulf Economist, 402.Alam, S.M 2002 Groundwater syn- Gulf and Economist, 13-19 January, April 14-20, XXII (15) 29-30. drome. Business and Economics XXII, No 2: 38-39. 441.Alam, S.M. and M.U Shirazi 2003 Review. The Dawn, October 14, p. 422.Alam, S.M. 2003, Pakistan's lands Crop growth in saline environment. 4. and cotton crop. Financial Post, Fri- Pakistan & Gulf Economist, April 21- th 403.Alam, S.M, 2002. Organic matter day 24 January, 2003, p 4. 27., Vol XXII. No, 16, p. 28. and soil . fertility. Financial Post. 423.Alam, S.M. 2003 The mangrove 442.Alam, S,M 2003. Growing of crops Monday, October 14, p, 4 scenario. Financial Post. Monday in saline and waterlogged areas, th 404.Alam, S,M 2002. Ill-effects of arse- 27 January, 2003, p. 4. Pakistan & Gulf Economist, April 28- nic metal Financial Post, Wednes- 424.Alam, S.M. 2003, The coconut palm May 4, XXII (17) 39-40, s day, October 16, p. 4 Financial Post, Friday 31 ' January, 443 Alam, S.M,, M.H. Naqvi and M.A, 405.Alam, S.M. 2002, Gum acacia - An 2003, p. 4. Khan. 2003. Population and food important firewood tree Financial 425.Alam, S.M. 2003. Use of brackish production. Pakistan & Gulf Econo- Post, Tuesday, October 22, p. 4. (salty) water for irrigation Pakistan mist, May 5-18, XXII (18 & 19): 40- th 406.Alam, S,M. 2002. Selenium is injuri- Gulf and Economist, 27 January - 42. nd ous to health. Financial Post, Thurs- 2 February, XXII, No. 4: 35. 444 Alam, SM and M H. Naqvi. 2003 day, October 24, p. 4. 426.Alam, S.M, 2003. The Sahara De- Water scenario and Pakistan, Paki- 407.Alam, S M 2002 Productive use of sert Pakistan Gulf and Economist, stan & Gulf Economist, May 19-25, saline lands Reflections, 23(23) 22- February 10-23, XXII, No 6 42. XXII (20)" 22-29. 23 427.Alam, S.M. 2003, Food Security and 445 Alam, S.M. and M.H Naqvi. 2003. 408.Alam, S.M, 2002. Edible oil crops - Population, Pakistan Journal of Eco- Pakistan Agriculture Pakistan & Pakistan. Pakistan & Gulf Econo- nomics and Management, January- Gulf Economist, May 19-25, XXII mist, Oct,, 7-13, XXI No. 40, pp. 28- April, 2003.,Vol. Ill, No 1: 24-26. (20). 36-47 29. 428.Alam, S.M 2003. Agriculture in 446.Alam, S.M and S,M. Mujtaba. 2003 409.Alam, S.M. 2002. The Indus River Sindh, Reflections, 22(22): 19-20. Foliar nutrient spray and plant Pakistan & Gulf Economist, Oct,, 429.Alam, S.M. 2003. The quality of irri- growth. Pakistan and Gulf Econo- 28 - Nov., 3, XXI No. 43, p 40, gation water. Pakistan & Gulf mist, June 9-15, XXII No 23, p. 29 410.Alam, SM 2002 Biosaline Agricul- Economist, Feb, 3-9, XXII., 5: 15- 447.Alam, S.M. 2003 World wheat and ture. Financial Post, Friday 15' Nov. 16. Pakistan Pakistan and Gulf Econo- 2002, p. 4 430.Alam, S.M. 2003, Honey Bee - An mist, June 16-22, XXII. No. 24, pp 411.Alam, SM, 2002, Saline soils and important pollinating insect. Finan- 15-16. crop growth Financial Post. Tues- cial Post, Friday, 21 February, p. 4. 448.Alam, S.M 2003, Diseases of differ- day 5in Nov . 2002 p 4 431.Alam, S.M 2003 Outlook of the for- ent crops. Pakistan and Gulf Econo-

56 mist, June 23-29, XXII. No. 25, pp. toms", Pakistan Plant Disease 86, History, Duration, Glycemic Control 19-31. 444. And Obesity", Online journal of Bio- 449.Alam, S.M. 2003. Salinity and plant 462.Briddon, R. W., et al., 962002. logical Sciences. 2 (10), 710-714 tolerance. Pakistan and Gulf Econo- "Universal primers for the PCR- 475.Bokhari, S.A., et al., (2002). mist, June 30 - July 6, XXII. No. 26, mediated amplification of DNAb; a "Coupling of surface carboxymethyl- p. 32. satellite associated with some mo- cellulase with aniline via chemical 450.Khan, M.A. and S.M. Alam. 2003. nopartite begomoviruses", Molecular modification: Extreme thermostabili- Hyzardous chemical: Persistent or- Biotechnology 20, 315-318. zation in aqueous and water- ganic pollutants. Financial Post, 463.Mansoor, S., et al., (2003). miscible organic mixtures", Biotech- Wednesday, March 26, p. 4. "Geminivirus Disease complexes: an nol. Prog. 18(2): 276-281. 451 .Arain, AG., M.M. Kandhro, S. emerging threat", Trends in Plant 476.Haq, L, S. Idrees and M.I. Rajoka Laghari, A. A. Rajput, G. S, Ni- Sciences 8:128-134. (2002). "Production of lipases by zamani and M. Z. Shad (2002). 464.Briddon, et al., (2003). "Diversity of Rhizopus oligosporus by solid-state Sohni; a new cotton variety of NIA, DNAb; a satellite molecule associ- fermentation", Process Biochem. Tando Jam, Ziraat (monthly maga- ated with some monopartite bego- 37:637-641. zine), 12(4): 4. moviruses", Virology 312:106-21. 477.Shoukat, F., et al., (2002). "Kinetics 452.Arain, M.A..M. A. Nahyoon and M.A. 465.Mansoor, S., et al.,(2003). "The of ß-glucosidase production by Es- Sial (2003). Kanak Ja Gand Gah ain breakdown of resistance in cotton to cherichia coli recombinants harbor- Unhan Jo Tadarak. Sindh Zarait 13 cotton leaf curl disease in Pakistan", ing heterologous bgl genes", Bio- (01): 04-05. New Disease Reports [http://www. technol Lett.25, 945-948. 453.Arain, M.A., N. A. Nizamani and M. bspp.org.uk/ndr/], Volume7. 478.Hussain M., et al., 2002. "Isolation A. Sial (2003). Kanak Jo Sutho Bij 466.Hussain, M., et al.,(2003). "First re- and characterization of rhizobial Wadhik Paidawar Hasil Karan Lai port of cotton leaf curl disease af- strains from alfalfa (Medicago sp.)", Cho Zaroori Aahi?. Sindh Zarait 13 fecting chili peppers", New Disease Pak. J. Agri. Sei., Univ. of Agric. (01): 06-07. Reports [http://www.bspp.org.uk/ Faisalabad. Vol. 39(1) 32-34. 454.Jafri, K. A., J A. Fazal Ali, and Nisar ndr/], Volume7. 479.Hina Nasir, et al., "Determination of A. Shaikh 2003. "New Mungbean 467.Daniell, H., Khan, M.S. and L. Alli- LC-50 of cyhalothrin in Fish", Indus variety AEM-96: A helping tool in son (2002). "Milestones in chloro- Journal of Plant Science, 2(2): 134- improving mungbean yield in Sindh plast genetic engineering: an envi- 136, April 2003. province." (Sindhi) Sindh Zaraat, ronmentally friendly era in biotech- 480.Rabia, "Toxicity of Chlorpyrifos in 135: pp-11 nology", Trends in Plant Science 7, Fish", Indus Journal of Plant Sci- 455.Kandhro, M.M. G. M. Baloch, M. J. 84-91 ence, 2(2): 158-161, April 2003 Baloch (2003). Advices to growers 468.Rahman M, D Hussain and Y Zafar. for successful cultivation of cotton. 2002. "Estimation of genetic diver- ConferencePresentations Sindh Ziraat (Monthly magazine) 13 gence among elite cotton (3):4. (Gossypium hirsutum L.) cultivars/ 481 Shafiq, I., (2003). "Establishment of 456.Kandhro, et al., (2003). Integrated genotypes by DNA fingerprinting regeneration system of Solanum Pest Management in cotton. Sindh technology", Crop Science 42: 2137- tuberosum", 7lh Biennial Confer- Ziraat (Monthly magazine) 13(4):4. 2144. ence of Trends in Biochemistry and 457.Naqvi, M. H., Khatri, A. and Khan, I. 469.Mukhtar S, M. Rahman and Y Zafar. Molecular Biology. April 2-5, Insti- A. 2003. Tissue culture and cultiva- 2002 "Assessment of genetic diver- tute of Biochemistry and Biotechnol- tion of banana. Sindh Zarat, 13 (3): sity among wheat cultivars using ogy, Punjab University, Lahore. 14-15, 2003. random amplified polymorphic DNA 482.Yasmin S., et al., 2003. "Isolation 458.Naqvi, et al., New rice varieties Sha- (RAPD) analysis", Euphytica 128: Characterization and Beneficial Ef- dab, Shua-92 and Sarshar evolved 417 425. fect of Rice Associated PGPRs iso- by NIA Tando Jam. Sindh Zara'at, 470.Rahman M, et al., 2002. . lated from Tanzania", 7th PSBMB April, 2003. Issue No. 137, pp 9 - "Optimisation of PCR Conditions to Conference, April 2-5, 2003 at La- 10. Amplify Microsatellite Loci in Cotton hore. Abst. p. 96. 459.Naqvi , M. H., et al., (2003). A brief (Gossypium hirsutum L.)", Int. J. Ag- 483.Naureen Z, S. et al., 2003. "Genetic note on new cotton varieties of Nu- ric. Biol. 2(4): 282-284. Diversity and Ultra Structure Local- clear Institute of Agriculture Tando 471.Rahman M, N. et al., 2002. ization of Maize Rhizosphere Asso- Jam, Sindh Ziraat (monthly maga- "Identification of DNA markers for ciated PGPRs", ibid zine) 13(3):7. Cotton Leaf Curl Virus Disease 484.Karim H.A., et al., 2003. Molecular 460.Nankani, S.M.H., Wheat Produc- (CLCD) in Cotton (Gossypium hirsu- Characterization of Typical and tion, Hyderabad, Sindh. tum L.)", Cotton Science 14: 17. Atypical Nodule Isolates from Cicer 472.Rahman M, et al., 2002. "Isolate a Arietinum, ibid. BIOTECHNOLOGY AND GE- Gene for Velvet Hairiness in Cotton 485.Mushtaq, N., et al., 2003. "Genetic NETIC ENGINEERING (Gossypium hirsutum L.) by Map- Diversity, Immunological Detection Based Cloning", Cotton Science 14: and Ultrastructural Localization of 25. Cotton Rhizosphere Associated Papers in Journals 473.Amjad Hameed, (2002). PGPRs", ibid. "Epidemiology of Diabetes mellitus 486.Mushtaq N. 2003. "Development of 461.Amin, L, et al., (2002). "Association in and around Faisalabd, Pakistan", Fungicide Resistant Biofertilizer for of a monopartite begomovirus pro- Pakistan Journal of Biological Sci- Wheat Crop Improvement", Work- ducing subgenomic DNA and a dis- ences 5(8): 878-880. shop on Production Technology for tinct DNA beta on Croton bonplan- 474.Amjad Hameed, "Diabetic Complica- Wheat and Sugarcane Crop Im- dianus showing yellow vein symp- tions: Influence Of Age, Sex, Family provement.

57 487.Hameed, S., K.A. Malik and F.Y. tients with Left Bundle Branch NUCLEAR MINERALS Hafeez. 2003. "Localization of Plant Block", Bangladesh Journal of Nu- Growth Promoting Rhizobacteria in clear Medicine 6(1): 18-19 (2003) Wheat Roots", ibid. 498.M. Shehzad Afzal, et al; "Validation Conference Proceedings 488.Hafeez F.Y. 2003. Importance of of GS Quant Software by compari- Biofertilizer 'BioPower' for sustain- son with MUGA LAO045 and Gated 51 O.Abdul Majeed Azhar, N. A. Qamar able agriculture in leguminous and Blood Pool Studies" Bangladesh and K. A. Butt, Study of radioactive cereal crops. IAEA Laboratories, Journal of Nuclear Medicine 6(1):17- occurrences in middle Siwalik mo- Seibersdorf, Austria on 03-04-2003. 14(2003) lasse of Khisore Range, Bannu Ba- 489.Yasmin, S., 2002. "Genetic diversity 499.Imran M.B., et al. "Dipyridamole sin, Pakistan, Published in the pro- among plant growth promoting echaradiography versus stress per- ceedings of conference on Uranium Rhizobacteria (PGPR) from geo- fusion scintigraphy for detection of geochemistry, Nancy, France, 13-16 graphically different areas using coronary artery disease". Int J Card th April, 2003. RAPD technique", 9 International Imag 19(1): 23-28(2003) 511.Zafar Iqbal, et al., Hydrogeochemi- Congress of Soil Science. March 18- 500. M. Shehzad Afzal, et al. "Gated cal survey of Kamlial formation, 20, 2002. NIAB, Faisalabad Paki- Myocardial Perfusion Scintigraphy" south-eastern Potwar and its com- stan. pp 33. The Professional vol: No: 01 Jan- parison with ground water geochem- 490.Qaiser M. Khan, Final Technical Re- Mar 2003; 58-65 istry in the vicinity of uranium depos- port of Pak-Kazakh Project entitled, 501. I'm ran MB, Y Mohammad its hosted by Siwalik rocks of Paki- "Biosorption based process for re- "Standardization of the Techniques stan, ibid. moval of heavy metals from indus- evaluating endothelial functions" trial waste waters. 2003. "JCPSP vol. 13. Feb 2003: 121-124 502.M. Shehzad Afzal, et al., " "mTc- Conference Proceeding MAG3 & 99m Tc-DTPA; Comparison to evaluate renal functions in renal Reports 491. Hafeez, F.Y. et al., 2002. transplant patients" The Profes- "Biofertilizers for Sustainable Agri- sional 10, 102-108(2003) 512.Farrukh Mahmood.M. Abbas Qure- culture", Proceeding of National 503.Khurram IM, et al; "Clinical Presen- shi,Mumtaz Farooq, Discovery of Workshop on Techniques for Sus- tation of Hypothyroidism: A Case Uranium anomalies in Nagri Forma- tainable Agricultural 2001, NIAB, Control Analyses" J Ayub Med Coll tion, Nari Paoos syncline resulting in Faisalabad, Pakistan 67-73. ISBN; Abbottabad. 2003 Jan-Mar; 15 emergence of Kohat Plateau as a 969-8038-09-4. (1 ):45-9 new Uranium province in Pakistan. 504.Amjad Aziz Khan, "Role of Tc-99m P-058 513.Abdul Majid Azhar, et al., Elaborate NUCLEAR MEDICINE labeled RBC scan in evaluation of gastro-inten\stinal bleed", JCPSP Post-Exploration investigative stud- June 2002, Vol 12, No. 6, pp 335- ies of Lawa uranium prospects. E- Papers in Journals 337. 081 514.Asif M. Sheikh, Fazal Ahmad, 492.Shahina Parveen "Comparative Conference Presentations Tahseen Fazil, Electrical Resistivity study of Chemotherapeutic Proto- Survey forEstimation of Depth of cols for Advanced Breast Cancer" Water Table in Wahi Pandi area, 505.Abubakar Shahid, "A case of Non- Journal of the College of Physicians district Dadu. G-099 small Cell Bronchogenic Carcinoma" & Surgeons of Pakistan (JCPSP) 515.Mian Muhammad Khalid, Landsat Clinico Pathological Conference ar- Vol.12 (5): 292-296. TM Image of Pakistan. 1-031 ranged by FPGMI, Sh. Zayed Hospi- 493.Shahina Parveen, "Latrozole in first 516.Asif M. Sheikh,Fazal Ahmad, tal Lahore on 16th November 2002. time treatment of advanced Breast Tahseen Fazil, Electrical Resistivity 506.Tariq Bashir, "Prognostic Signifi- Cancer" The Journal of Pakistan Survey for Quality Assessment of cance of Tumor Markers in Cancers Medical Association (JPMA). Subsurface Water in KCP Work- Patients undergoing Chemotherapy" 494.M. Saeed Akhtar, et al., shops and Colony Areas. R-117 the 7th Biennial Conference ar- "Radioactive iodine treatment in dif- 517.Sohail Yaqoob, Renovation of ranged by Pakistan Society of Bio- fuse toxic goiter by calculation of Chemistry Labs AEMC Lahore. C- chemistry and Molecular Biology, thyroid volume with ultrasonogra- 048 Lahore form 2-5 April 2003. phy". 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G-1 02 rachi from 20th - 22nd December Valuable Technique for Breast Nod- 520.Abdul Mateen, Exploration geology 2002 ule Imaging", Bangladesh Journal of and geochemistry of Platinum-group 509.A.R. Adil, "Frequency and clinical Nuclear Medicine 6(1): p2 (2003) elements (PGE) deposits associated significance of ATG in differentiated 497.M. Babar Imran, et al; "Role of gat- with ultramafic-mafic intrusive rocks thyroid cancer", ibid. ing in Myocardial Perfusion Scinti- of Pakistan. P-060 graphy to Reduce Artifacts in pa- 521.Aziz ullah,Muhammad Jamil Butt,

58 Abdul Rehman, Significance of jad Rashid, Underground Mining Replacement Studies in Phos- Phosphatic Nodules within the War- Prospects of Taunsa Uranium Ore phorites. M-064 chha Sandstone,Nilwahan Group Body, C-049. 524.Aziz ullah et al, Possibility of Ura- (Lower Permian) of the Salt Range 523.Syed Abbas Sultan, Mineralogical nium Deposits at Wahi Pandi area, Area.M-063 Studies of the Samples from Salt district Dadu, sindh. U-174 522,Asad Sheikh, Mohd.Rehan Adil, Am- Range, with Special Reference to

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