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Of Indus River at Darband RESTRICTED For official use only Not for . UNN42 Vol. 6 Public Disclosure Authorized REPORT TO THE PRESIDENT OF THF, INTERNATIONAL BANK FOR RECONSTRUCTION AND DEVELOPMENT AS ADMINISTRATOR OF THE INDUS BASIN DEVELOPMENT FUND STUDY OF THIE WATER AND POWER RESOURCES OF WEST PAKISI AN Public Disclosure Authorized VOLUME III Program for the Development of Surface Water Storage Public Disclosure Authorized Prepared by a Group of the World Barnk Staff Headed by Dr. P. Lieftinck July 28, 1967 Public Disclosure Authorized i R0C FPU-F ClJRRENCY EQUIVALENTS 4.76 rupees = U.S. $1.00 1 rupee = U.S. $0. 21 1 millior rupees = U. S. $210, 000 TABLE OF CONTENTS Page No. I, INTRODUCTION 11..........- II-.. SURFACE. WATER HYDROLOGY. .3 .. .. , 3 Meteorological and GeographicalI Factors, .................... 3 Discharge- Measurement and River. F-lows- ... ....... .. ,44... Sediment-.Movement ..... v...............8....... 8. Floods-.JO,:,. ,10: III.. HISTORICAL. USE OF SURFACE WATER, . 12 Development of- the. System ....... ... 12 IV.. THE IACA APPROACH ..... 17 Method- of Analysis. ........... v.. 17 Surface. Water Re.quirements;. ........ r19. Integration, of.Surface and Groundwater Supplies' .. 22 Storable. Water. 23 Balancng- of Irrigation and Power..-Requi:rements.. 25 Future. River Regime ... .. 27 Accuracy- of Basic. Data . ....................... , ,,.. 27 Vt., IDENTIFICATION OF DAM'SITES AND, COMPARISON OF. PROJECTS' 29: S'cope of-the Studies ... 29. A. The Valley of the Indus,.......... 31 Suitability of the- Valley, for: Reservoir' Storagel 31 A(l.) The Middle Indus-. ...........-.. 31 Tarbela.Projject- . .. 32 Side Valley- ProjS'ectsi Associatedt w-ith Tar.bela ... 36 The Gariala' Site......... 36 The. Dhok Pathan S.te . ... ... 39 The Sanjwal-Akhori S'ites -.- , ... 40- The Attock Site .. ......... ,41 Kalabagh Project-. .-... .- ... ., 41. Side Valley Projects- Associated with, Kalabagh i .... 43 Makhad Pumped Storage .4.. 144 Gariala Pumped- Storage. ...... 44 Dhok. Abakka Pumped Storage . 44, Summary of Middle' Indus- Sites; .v.._....r..... 44 A(2) Upper- Indus- Sites'............ 145 Skardu . 45 Other Upper Indus Sites . .47 TABLE-OF CONTENTS (Cont'd) Page No. A(3) Sites in the Plains ...... ................ 47 Indus Plains Reservoir ..... ......... 47. Chasma Project ...... ................ 49 Sehwan-Manchar Project ..... ......... 50 Summary of Upper Indus Sites and of Sites in the Plains ...... ............... 51 B. The Jhelum River Basin ......................... 51 Project for Raising Mangla ..... ................ 52 Rohtas Side Valley Storage ..... ................ 54 The Rajdhani and Kanshi Sites ..... ............. 54 Kunhar River Project ........................... 54 Summary of Storage Potentials on the Jhelum .... 55 C. The Chenab River Basin ......................... 56 D. The Kabul River Basin .......................... 56 The Kabul River Sites .......................... 56 The Chitral River .............................. 57 The Swat River ....... .......... 57 A Project at Ambahar ........................... 57 Associated Projects ............................ 58 Warsak Diversion Plan .......................... 58 Chitral Diversion Plan ......................... 59 Summary of Sites in Kabul River Basin .... ......59 VI. FACTORS IN THE OPERATION OF SURFACE WATER STORAGE RESERVOIRS .......................................... 63 Coordination of Power and Irrigation Requirements .. 63 The Drawdown Level at Mangla - Up to 1975 .... ......64 The Drawdown Level at Mangla - After 1975 .... ......66 The Drawdown Level at Mangla - Bank Group Studies .. 66 Raising Mangla for Power ........................... 66 The Sediment Problem at Tarbela ..... ............... 69 The Tarbela Drawdown Problem ....................... 70 The Operational Problem of Gariala .... ............. 74 Operational Problems at Kalabagh ..... .............. 75 Kalabagh with Sediment Sluicing ..... ............... 76 Kalabagh without Sediment Sluicing ..... ............ 77 VII. THE SEQUENCE OF PROJECTS FOR DEVELOPING SURFACE WATER STORAGE .............. ................................ 81 First Stage Storage ........ ........................ 82 Alternatives for Period to 1975 ...... .............. 84 Slow Growth ........... ............................. 86 High Growth ............... .......................... 86 Post-Tarbela ........... ............................ 87 Sehwan-Manchar .......... ........................... 88 TABLE OF CONTENTS (Cont'd) Page No. Raised Mangla ........................ 90 Kalabagh ........................ 90 Swat ........................ 91 Gariala ........................ 91 Other Projec-ts ........................ 91 Conclusions ........................ 94 VIII. PROGRAM FOR INVESTIGATIONS ............. .............. 95 Past Experience .................................. 95 Basis for Programming .............................. 96 Type of Investigations .............................. 96 Detailed Program .................................. 97 Sehwan-Manchar ..................................... 99 Raised Mangla .................................. 99 Indus Plains . .................................. 99 Kalabagh ............. ..................... 99 Gariala ..... 100 Skardu ............................................ 101 Ambahar ..... 102 General Considerations and Conclusions .... ......... 102 IX. FINANCIAL REQUIREMENTS AND COST COMPARISONS .... ......105 Requirements Outside IACA Range of Growth Rates .... 110 IACA Requirements .................................. 111 X. FINDINGS AND CONCLUSIONS ............................. 112 Chas. T. Main's Recommended Program .... ............ 113 Tarbela ........... ................................. 114 Benefits ........... ................................ 115 Post-Tarbela ......... .............................. 116 Sehwan-Manchar ........ ............................. 117 Raised Mangla . ...................................... 117 Kalabagh ........... ................................ 117 Swat . .............................................. 118 Gariala ............ ................................ 118 Skardu . ............................................ 119 Investigations ........ ............................. 119 Financial Requirements ............................. 120 ARTIST'S SKETCH: Tarbela Dam Project .... ........ Frontispiece MAPS Following Page No. III.1 Development Plan for the Indus River System . ...................................... 4 III.2 Gross Commanded Areas of the Indus & Jhelum-Cum-Chenab Rivers ...... ............... 18 TABLE OF CONTENTS (Cont 'd) Following Page No. III.3 Dam Sites of the Indus Basin ..... ............. 32 III.4 Tarbela and Kalabagh with Associated Side Valley Storage Schemes ...... ................. 32 FIGURES 1. Mean Monthly Discharge: Indus, Jhelum and Chenab Rivers ........... 6 2. Estimated Average Sediment Transport of Indus River at Darband .............. 10 3. Historical Usage of Available Surface Water in the Indus River Basin of West Pakistan ....... 14 4. Projected Usage of Available Surface Water in the Indus River Basin of West Pakistan ....... 20 5. IACA's Estimate of the Mean-year Demand for Stored Water on the Jhelum and Indus Rivers .. 24 6. Average Annual Yield and Efficiency of Storage Capacity on the Indus and Jhelum Rivers ... 26 7. Schematic Plan of the Tarbela Dam Project ... 34 8. Schematic Plan of the Dhok Pathan Dam Project . 40 9. Schematic Plan of the Kalabagh Dam Project 42 10. Schematic Plan of the Skardu Dam Project ... 46 11. Development Program for the Jhelum River ... 66 12. Possible Dam Sites in West Pakistan ... 82 13. Tarbela as First Stage Development on the Indus River .82 14. Kalabagh as First Stage Development on the Indus River .84 15. Alternative Growth Rates of the Total Mean-year Demand for Stored Water on the Jhelum and Indus Rivers .86 16. IACA's Estimate of the Total Mean-year Demand for Stored Water on the Jhelum and Indus Rivers .88 TABLE OF CONTENTS (Cont') Following Page No. 17. Kalabagh as Second Stage Development on the Indus River ............ ...................... 90 18. Gariala as Second Stage Development on the Indus River ......... 92 APPENDIX Terms of Reference and Guidelines for Dam Site Consultant ANNEXES 1 TARBELA PROJECT 2 KALABAGH PROJECT 3 GARIALA PROJECT 4 SKARDU PROJECT 5 AMBAHAR PROJECT 6 KUNHAR PROJECT 7 MANGLA/RAISED MANGLA PROJECT 8 CHASMA PROJECT 9 SEHWAN -MANCHAR AND CHOTIARI PROJECTS ARTIST'S SKETCH TARBELA DAM PROJ ECT MAY 1967 SOURCE: TIPPETfS ABBETr - McCARTHY STRATTON, CONSULTING ENGINEERS FOR WAPDA. I,BRD 1952R I. IFTRODUCTION 1.01 This volume of the report is chiefly devoted to identifying potential surface storage projects in West Pakistan and to establishing a program for construction which will best meet the probable needs of the province in the future. The most promising projects for early development are evaluated in some detail. This is in accordance with the terms of reference for the Bank Group. Specifically it was stinulated that its study was to be so planned and executed as to determine which of the several potential water and power projects would be feasible of execution during the next two Five Year Plans (1965-70 and 1970 75) and to take account of and serve as a useful guide to the possible future development of water and power projects beyond 1975. 1.02 At the time the Bank Group embarked on its study one major storage project, namely the Mangla Dam on the Jhelum River 9 was already under execution. This project is expected to be completed in 1967.
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