Partisipasi Masyarakat Minangkabau Pada Implementasi Program Pariwisata Dalam Pemberdayaan Masyarakat Islam

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Partisipasi Masyarakat Minangkabau Pada Implementasi Program Pariwisata Dalam Pemberdayaan Masyarakat Islam Available online at: https://rjfahuinib.org/index.php/khazanah Khazanah: Jurnal Sejarah dan Kebudayaan Islam ISSN: 2339-207X (print) ISSN: 2614-3798 (online) Jurnal Sejarah dan Kebudayaan Islam DOI: https://doi.org/10.37108/khazanah.vi.234 PARTISIPASI MASYARAKAT MINANGKABAU PADA IMPLEMENTASI PROGRAM PARIWISATA DALAM PEMBERDAYAAN MASYARAKAT ISLAM Defrinal Defrinal1, M. Nasor2, Awis Karni3, Hasan Mukmin4 1STAI YDI Lubuk Sikaping Pasaman, 2UIN Raden Intan Lampung, 3UIN Imam Bonjol Padang, 4UIN Raden Intan Lampung. Email : [email protected] Abstract Essentially, Islam is a religion of empowerment as expressed in Al-Qur'an, chapter Ar Ra'du verse 11. Empowerment is the process of increasing participation, especially in the management of community-based tourism that requires total involvement of the community. The problem of this research is: How the public participation to implement the tourism programs to empower Muslim communities? This study aims to describe the many aspects of the community’s participation in implementing the tourism programs to empower Muslim communities. The type of this qualitative research is Case Study. Purposive sampling technique is a kind of nonprobability sampling. The selection of the subject of the study depends on how the researchers perceive their subject. Community’s participation in all tourism activities is seen in several aspects: Decision Making, Implementation, Benefits and Evaluation. The members of the local community in Lubuk Nyarai participate in all aspects of management activities. The government refers to this data in their management of tourism to empower Muslim communities, by involving all members of the community in every aspect of participation, as well as putting trust to community members to reflect their actions collective activities. Keywords: Participation, Tourism, Empowering Islamic Communities, Social Welfare Abstrak Pada dasarnya Islam adalah agama permberdayaan sebagaimana dalam Al Quran surat Ar Ra’du ayat 11. Pemberdayaan merupakan proses pengembangan partisipasi, terutama dalam pengelolaan pariwisata berbasis masyarakat yang membutuhkan keterlibatan penuh masyarakat sehingga berdampak pada kesejahteraan. Adapun masalah yang akan diteliti adalah: Bagaimana partisipasi masyarakat pada implementasi program pariwisata dalam pemberdayaan masyarakat Islam?. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk: Mendeskripsikan dimensi partisipasi masyarakat pada implementasi program pariwisata dalam pemberdayaan masyarakat Islam. Penelitian 131 132 Partisipasi Masyarakat Minangkabau... ini didesain menggunakan metode pendekatan kualitatif dengan jenis penelitian Studi Kasus. Teknik “porposive sampling” termasuk ke dalam nonprobality sampling yaitu pengambilan subjek kajian bergantung kepada peneliti melihat subjek tersebut. Partisipasi masyarakat dalam seluruh aktifitas program pariwisata dilihat pada dimensi, Decision Making, Implementations, Benefits dan Evaluation. Anggota masyarakat dalam pengelolaanpariwisata di Lubuk Nyarai berpartisipasi pada seluruh dimensi,sehingga memiliki dampak pada kesejahteraan sosial, budaya, lingkungan dan ekonomi. Hal ini menjadi acuan bagi pemerintah dalam pengelolaan pariwisata pada pemberdayaan masyarakat islam, dengan melibatkan seluruh anggota masyarakat pengelola dalam setiap dimensi partisipasi, serta memberikan kepercayaan kepada anggota masyarakat untuk dapat merefleksikan aksinya pada tindakan kolektif melalui pelaksanaan kegiatan bersama. Kata kunci: Partisipasi, Pariwisata, Pemberdayaan Masyarakat Islam, Kesejahteraan Sosial PENDAHULUAN perubahan sebagai prinsip dasar Pemberdayaan Masyarakat equilibrium dalam kehidupan sosial dalam perspektif Islam menurut M. masyarakat yang secara alamiah terdiri Quraish Shihab 1 adalah konsep dari pengklasifikasian kelas atas dan pembangunan bersifat menyeluruh, kelas bawah. Kelas bawah sebagai menyentuh dan menghujam ke dalam masyarakat yang mengalami kehidupan diri manusia, dengan demikian ajaran terasing menjadi sasaran utama dakwah tersebut dapat membangun manusia untuk memberdayakannya untuk seutuhnya, baik dari segi materil menajadi manusia seutuhnya dengan maupun spritual secara bersamaan. tidak menafikan masyarakat yang Pemberdayaan bersifat universal dalam berada pada kelas atas. Karena itulah, membangun kehidupan manusia dakwah sebenarnya adalah menciptakan situasi berkembang, pemberdayaan masyarakat sebab itu berdaya dan mandiri yang mengarah berhubungan dengan proses dimana kepada pembangunan. Pembangunan seseorang bisa terbebaskan untuk yang dilakukan tidak dari satu sisi berfikir dan bertindak atas dasar kehidupan. Sehingga antara upaya kematangan berfikir dan sangup pemberdayaan yang satu bersinergi melakukannya sendiri tanpa bantuan dengan upaya yang lain. orang lain dalam istilah Kant disebut Antara dakwah dan sebagai pencerahan, dan juga proses pemberdayaan masyarakat sebenarnya mengangkat derajat serta memiliki keterkaitan yang cukup menyelamatkan masyarakat yang signifikan bahkan secara terperinci kehilangan jati dirinya yang dapat juga dikatakan bahwa dakwah sesungguhnya. sebenarnya adalah proses Penerjemahan makna dakwah pemberdayaan masyarakat.Dakwah sebagai sebuah pemberdayaan tidak merupakan sebuah proses yang terlepas dari tiga dimensi dakwah yaitu berkesinambungan dan bermakna makro, mezo dan mikro. Tingkatan makro berupa hidayah yang muatannya 1 M. Qureish Shihab, Membumikan Al- masih orisinil berupa Al Quran dan Quran: Fungsi dan Peran Wahyu Dalam Sunnah. Tingkatan mezo merupakan Masyarakat, (Bandung: Mizan,2004), cet. Ke- integral tingkatan makro sebagai hasil 18, h.301 Khazanah: Jurnal Sejarah dan Kebudayaan Islam Defrinal dkk 133 penelahaan secara seksama dari apa atau pemberdayaan masyarakat Islam yang terkandung dalam al Quran dan adalah menginternalisasikan semua sunnah berupa metodologi yaitu konsep, nilai, konsep ajaran Islam ke dalam teori dan kebijakan-kebijakan. seluruh lini kehidupan masyarakat Sedangkan tingkatan mikro berupa Islam. Pemberdayaam masyarakat Islam tindakan, aktivitas, program kegiatan, bisa diterjemahkan melakukan dan lain sebagainya yang berupa kerja perbaikan terhadap kualitas hidup nyata. masyarakat Islam mulai dari perilaku Secara leksikal istilah individu maupun komunal secara pembedayaan dapat diartikan sebagai keomprehensif dengan penekanan penguatan dan secara istilah menemukan permasalahan yang pemberdayaan disamakan dengan istilah menghambat perbaikan kehidupannya pengembangan.2 Nanih Machendrawaty dan melakukan pencarian solusi dan mengatakan memberikan pengertian permasalahan tersebut. Sasaran tentang pemberdayaan: individual akan berorientasi pada “Istilah pemberdayaan adalah sumber daya manusianya. Individu terjemahan istilah asing empowerment. dalam keluarga (Usrah) yang berada Secara leksikal pemberdayaan berarti dalam sebuah masyarakat yang telah penguatan. Secara teknis istilah memiliki sistem. Sistem adalah faktor pemberdayaan dapat disamakan atau penting dalam proses pemberdayaan setidaknya diserupakan dengan masyarakat Islam maka dilakukan pula pengembangan, bahkan pengertian dua perbaikan sistematis dalam sistem yang istilah ini dalam konteks tertentu bisa menunjang perbaikan kualitas bersifat interchangeable atau dapat kehidupan individu dalam konteks dipertukarkan.3 komunitas (Jamaah). Begitu juga Nanih memberikan pernyataan lembaga, wadah sosial dan lingkungan bahwa kadang istilah “pemberdayaan” yang lebih besar lagi (ummah) harus dan “pengembangan” bisa disamakan dibenahi agar sejalan dengan ruh pemakaiannya dalam suatu konteks atau pemberdayaan. kondisi. Bisa juga saling dipertukarkan Pariwisata merupakan salah satu dalam konteks waktu yang lain. jenis dari industri yang mampu Kesimpulannya pemberdayaan dan meningkatkan pertumbuhan ekonomi pengembangan bisa saja punya makna yang cepat, menyediakan lapangan sama. kerja, meningkatkan penghasilan dan Lebih lanjut Nanih standar hidup, serta menstimulasi Machendrawaty menyatakan secara sektor-sektor produktivitas lainnya terminologis tentang pengembangan seperti: industri kerajinan tangan dan masyarakat Islam yaitu “pengembangan cinderamata, penginapan dan atau pemberdayaan masyarakat Islam transportasi.5 berarti mentransformasikan dan Dalam kegiatannya, industri melembagakan semua segi ajaran Islam pariwisata melibatkan beberapa sektor dalam kehidupan keluarga (Usrah), seperti: sektor ekonomi, sosial, budaya, kelompok sosial (jamaah), dan politik, keamanan, dan lingkungan yang masyarakat (Ummah).4 bersama-sama menghasilkan produk Jelas apa yang dituturkan Nanih pelayanan jasa kepariwisataan yang Machendrawaty bahwa pengembangan dibutuhkan oleh para wisatawan. Dapat dikatakan bahwa pariwisata merupakan 2 Nanih Machendrawati, Agus Ahmad fenomena sosial, ekonomi, budaya, Syafe’i, pengembangan Masyarakat Islam dari Idiologi Strategi Sampai Tradisi, (Bandung: PT. Rossdakarya, 2001), h. 42 5Pendit S. Nyoman, Subak Pariwisata 3Ibid sebagai Community Based Development. 4Ibid (Jakarta: 1994), h. 4 Volume 9, Nomor 18, Juli-Desember 2019 134 Partisipasi Masyarakat Minangkabau... psikologi, dan geografi.6 Seperti contoh Menurut Nurmawati, 8 tiga potensi pariwisata yang ada di Bali pengembangan wisata alam dan wisata seperti keindahan alam, keunikan budaya dalam perspektif kemandirian budaya, dan masyarakat yang ramah lokal merupakan perwujudan telah menjadikan daerah ini sebagai interkoneksitas dalam tatanan salah satu daerah tujuan wisata masyarakat yang dilakukan secara internasional yang sangat terkenal mandiri oleh tatanan itu sendiri guna didunia. Sektor kepariwisataan telah meningkatkan
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