Jurnal Mahasiwa Ilmu Administrasi Publik (JMIAP) Volume 2 Nomor 2Tahun 2020 ISSN : 2684-818X (Online), ISSN : 2338-7378 (Print)

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Jurnal Mahasiwa Ilmu Administrasi Publik (JMIAP) Volume 2 Nomor 2Tahun 2020 ISSN : 2684-818X (Online), ISSN : 2338-7378 (Print) Intan Elmayu Putri, Syamsir| Implementasi Peran Pemerintahan Daerah dalam Pelestarian Populasi Ikan Bilih di Danau Singkarak Berdasarkan Peraturan Gubernur Nomor 81 Tahun 2017 Jurnal Mahasiwa Ilmu Administrasi Publik (JMIAP) Volume 2 Nomor 2Tahun 2020 ISSN : 2684-818X (Online), ISSN : 2338-7378 (Print), http://jmiap.ppj.unp.ac.id IMPLEMENTASI PERAN PEMERINTAHAN DAERAH DALAM PELESTARIAN POPULASI IKAN BILIH DI DANAU SINGKARAK BERDASARKAN PERATURAN GUBERNUR NOMOR 81 TAHUN 2017 Intan Elmayu Putri 1(a), Syamsir2(b) 1Jurusan Ilmu Administrasi Negara, Universitas Negeri Padang 2Jurusan Ilmu Administrasi Negara, Universitas Negeri Padang a)[email protected], b)[email protected] ABSTRACT – This research explains the role of regional governance in the preservation of the Bilih fish population in Lake Singkarak based on Gubenur regulation No 81 year 2017. Research aims to describe the role of local governance, constraints and efforts of local governance. Methods used are qualitative methods. Data is derived from documentation studies, interviews, and observations. Things that are considered in collecting data in the selection of informant among them to the community, community leaders, head of the field of capture and head of PRL and PSDKP and Walinagari. Based on the results of the research conducted in the service can be concluded: first, the role of the Marine Service and fisheries of West Sumatra province in the preservation of Bilih fish populations in the use of Centrum, Putas/poison, the vacuum and mesh that the net eyes are too tightly in Lake Singkarak. Second, the Marine Service and fisheries of West Sumatra province which is seen from external and internal constraints which is a constraint for the government in the preservation of Bilih fish populations in the use of Centrum, Putas/poison, and nets and mesh that the net eyes are too tightly in Lake Singkarak. Third, the efforts undertaken by the local government in stopping the constraints that occur: 1) DKP that conducts coaching to the fishermen community in providing training, awareness, counseling, and socialization of the preservation of the population of Bilih fish in Lake Singkarak; 2) The Government has the purpose of providing the assistance of an environmentally friendly arrest tool to the fishermen who operate the fishing equipment in the lake Salingka; 3) Conduct raids to the fishermen communities that operate the use of Centrum, Putas/poison, the vacuum and nets that the net eye is too tightly in Lake Singkarak; 4) The plan to propose the government budget to the preservation of Bilih fish in Lake Singkarak has not been running in accordance with the role of the Government on the construction and supervision of this still many fishermen people who use the Centrum, Putas/poison, the vacuum and nets that the net is too tightly in Lake Singkarak. Keywords : Roles, Constraints, Efforts of Local Governance Corresponding author. Email. [email protected], [email protected] How to cite this article. Putri, I. Elmayu & Syamsir. (2020). Implementasi Peran Pemerintahan Daerah dalam Pelestarian Populasi Ikan Bilih di Danau Singkarak Berdasarkan Peraturan Gubernur Nomor 81 Tahun 2017. Jurnal Mahasiwa Ilmu Administrasi Publik (JMIAP) Jurusan Ilmu Administrasi Negara Fakultas Ilmu Sosial Universitas Negeri Padang, Volume 2 (2), Hal. 128-137. http://jmiap.ppj.unp.ac.id ISSN : 2684-818X (Online), ISSN : 2338-7378 (Print) Copyright©2020. Published by Pusat Kajian-Pemberdayaan dan Pelayanan Masyarakat (PK-P2M) FIS UNP Padang 128 | Jurnal Mahasiwa Ilmu Administrasi Publik |Volume 2 | Nomor 2| Tahun 2020 | (Hal. 128-137) Intan Elmayu Putri, Syamsir| Implementasi Peran Pemerintahan Daerah dalam Pelestarian Populasi Ikan Bilih di Danau Singkarak Berdasarkan Peraturan Gubernur Nomor 81 Tahun 2017 PENDAHULUAN Masyarakat nelayan mempunyai tujuan Provinsi Sumatra Barat merupakan salah sebagai kelompok yang secara langsung satu pulau yang mempunyai keindahan memanfaatkan sumber daya perikanan alam dan danaunya. Sumatera Barat melalui kegiatan tangkap dan budidaya mempunyai lima danau yang dapat yang tidak terlepas dari masalah mendukung potensi perikanan di perairan kemiskinan. Masyarakat nelayan umum. Kelima danau tersebut adalah merupakan bagian dari kelompok Danau Maninjau, Danau Diateh dan masyarakat yang tinggal di daerah pesisir. Dibawah, Talang dan Singkarak. Dari Pada umumnya mereka adalah kelompok danau diatas tersebut terdapat danau yang masyarakat tertinggal yang berada pada terluas yaitu Danau Singkarak. Danau level paling bawah, baik tertinggal secara Singkarak merupakan danau yang terletak ekonomi, sosial, maupun budaya. Karena di Kabupaten Tanah Datar dan Kabupaten penghasilan mereka masih tergantung pada Solok dengan luas permukaan 11.200 Ha kondisi alam, maka sulit bagi mereka untuk (Syandri, 2008). merubah kehidupannya menjadi lebih baik. Danau Singkarak merupakan danau Sebagai nelayan tradisional tidak hanya terluas di Sumatera Barat yang memiliki berhadapan dengan masalah pendapatan populasi perairan yang khas. Populasi dan tekanan musim yang panjang, merupakan sekelompok individu dengan melainkan mereka juga mengalami masalah karakteristik serupa atau satu spesies dan dalam pengelolaan keuangan dan yang hidup di tempat yang sama serta pemasaran hasil produksinya. Sehingga memiliki kemampuan untuk memproduksi hasil produksi disekitar Danau Singkarak sesuai dengan spesiesnya sendiri. Populasi tersebut bermata pencarian menangkap adalah sekumpulan manusia, hewan dan ikan. tumbuh-tumbuhan serta benda-benda yang Danau Singkarak memiliki beraneka memiliki karakteristik tertentu dan populasi ragam jenis ikan, salah satunya adalah ikan ini menjadi tempat untuk Bilih yang merupakan ikan endemik dari mengeneralisasikan karakteristik tersebut Danau Singkarak (Syandri, 2008). Ikan dalam menyimpulkan hasil penelitian yang Bilih (Mystacoleuseus padangensis) dilakukan (Mulyatiningsih, 2011:19). merupakan komoditas perikanan yang Sebagian besar masyarakat nelayan yang memiliki nilai ekonomi yang tinggi dengan berada disekitar Danau Singkarak, harga yang relatif mahal dan wilayah menjadikan perikanan sebagai mata pemasaran yang luas. Ikan Bilih ini adalah pencarian mereka untuk meningkatkan salah satu potensi lokal yang dimiliki oleh pertumbuhan ekonomi dan sumber daerah Sumatera Barat yang hidup di sekitar penghasilan masyarakat serta sebagai asset Danau Singkarak. Ikan dengan nama latin bangsa yang sangat penting. Salah satu cara Mystacoleuseus padangensis memiliki yang dilakukan untuk meningkatkan ukuran sedikit lebih besar dari ikan teri, pendapatan nelayan yaitu dengan yang berbentuk lonjong dan pipih dengan meningkatkan produksi hasil tangkapan. panjang 6-12 cm. Dengan meningkatnya produksi hasil Secara ekonomi ikan Bilih memberikan tangkapan, nelayan harus mengusahakan dampak yang positif dikarenakan unit penangkapan yang produktif dan tinggi merupakan sumber pendapatan masyarakat dalam jumlah serta tinggi dalam nilai hasil nelayan sekitar Danau Singkarak dan tangkapannya. Salah satu unit penangkapan memiliki dampak yang negatif dari ikan tersebut harus bersifat ekonomis, dorongan ekonomi, sehingga menyebabkan efisien dan menggunakan teknologi yang terjadinya eksploitasi berlebihan dan sesuai dengan kondisi mereka dan tidak masyarakat nelayan seringkali melakukan merusak kelestarian ikan dan sumberdaya peristiwa-peristiwa yang sedang terjadi atau perikanan. yang telah terjadi (tindakan deskritif) yang 129 | Jurnal Mahasiwa Ilmu Administrasi Publik |Volume 2 | Nomor 2| Tahun 2020 | (Hal. 128-137) Intan Elmayu Putri, Syamsir| Implementasi Peran Pemerintahan Daerah dalam Pelestarian Populasi Ikan Bilih di Danau Singkarak Berdasarkan Peraturan Gubernur Nomor 81 Tahun 2017 mengancam keberadaan ikan dengan dalam bentuk sosialisasi, pelatihan, melakukan penangkapan mengunakan alat bimbingan dan penyuluhan serta dalam tangkap ikan yang tidak ramah lingkungan. menjalankan pelaksanaannya dalam bentuk Penggunaan penangkapan yang tidak pengawasan kepada masyarakat nelayan ramah lingkungan tersebut mengakibatkan yang mata pencahariannya sebagai kondisi populasi ikan di Danau Singkarak menangkap ikan dan masih semakin rusak. Menurut Syandri (2008), mengoperasikan alat tangkap tersebut di menyatakan penyebab terancam punahnya Danau Singkarak. ikan Bilih di picu oleh cara tangkap dan alat Untuk menjaga dan meningkatkan yang digunakan masyarakat nelayan yang populasi Sumber Daya ikan khususnya ikan tidak ramah lingkungan. Jenis alat tangkap Bilih dari ancaman kepunahan, perlu diatur ikan yang digunakan nelayan sekitar danau penggunaan alat dan bahan penangkapan singkarak yaitu jaring panjang, jaring ikan di Danau Singkarak. Hal ini sesuai lingkar, sistem alahan, jala, sentrum, putas dengan Peraturan Gubenur Sumatera Barat atau racun, bagan yang menggunakan arus Nomor 81 Tahun 2017 tentang penggunaan listrik bahkan ada juga yang menggunakan alat dan bahan penangkapan ikan yang alat peledak bom. Alat tangkap ikan yang dapat merusak kelestarian Sumber Daya digunakan nelayan sekitar danau singkarak ikan di Perairan Danau Singkarak. Dalam memiliki ukuran yang sangat rapat sekitar Peraturan Gubenur No. 81 Tahun 2017 1-1,5 cm, sehingga mengakibatkan yang mempunyai substasi dalam banyaknya anak ikan yang tertangkap oleh menjalankan perannya yaitu dalam jaring maupun jala yang di gunakan memberikan pembinaan dan pengawasan masyarakat nelayan tersebut. kepada masyarakat. Pembinaan terhadap Namun penggunaan tangkap ikan yang masyarakat nelayan di Perairan Danau mengandung zat-zat
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