DOCSLIB.ORG

Cairncross Review a Sustainable Future for Journalism

Total Page：16

File Type：pdf, Size：1020Kb

Download full-text PDF Read full-text
Cairncross Review a Sustainable Future for Journalism THE CAIRNCROSS REVIEW A SUSTAINABLE FUTURE FOR JOURNALISM 12 TH FEBRUARY 2019 Contents Executive Summary 5 Chapter 1 – Why should we care about the future of journalism? 14 Introduction 14 1.1 What kinds of journalism matter most? 16 1.2 The wider landscape of news provision 17 1.3 Investigative journalism 18 1.4 Reporting on democracy 21 Chapter 2 – The changing market for news 24 Introduction 24 2.1 Readers have moved online, and print has declined 25 2.2 Online news distribution has changed the ways people consume news 27 2.3 What could be done? 34 Chapter 3 – News publishers’ response to the shift online and falling revenues 39 Introduction 39 3.1 The pursuit of digital advertising revenue 40 Case Study: A Contemporary Newsroom 43 3.2 Direct payment by consumers 48 3.3 What could be done 53 Chapter 4 – The role of the online platforms in the markets for news and advertising 57 Introduction 57 4.1 The online advertising market 58 4.2 The distribution of news publishers’ content online 65 4.3 What could be done? 72 Cairncross Review | 2 Chapter 5 – A future for public interest news 76 5.1 The digital transition has undermined the provision of public-interest journalism 77 5.2 What are publishers already doing to sustain the provision of public-interest news? 78 5.3 The challenges to public-interest journalism are most acute at the local level 79 5.4 What could be done? 82 Conclusion 88 Chapter 6 – What should be done? 90 Endnotes 103 Appendix A: Terms of Reference 114 Appendix B: Advisory Panel 116 Appendix C: Review Methodology 120 Appendix D: List of organisations met during the Review 121 Appendix E: Review Glossary 123 Appendix F: Summary of the Call for Evidence 128 Introduction 128 Appendix G: Acknowledgements 157 Cairncross Review | 3 Executive Summary Executive Summary “The full importance of an epoch-making idea is But the evidence also showed the difficulties with often not perceived in the generation in which it recommending general measures to support is made... A new discovery is seldom effective for journalism. Not only is it still unclear what shape practical purposes till many minor improvements the industry will eventually take - established and subsidiary discoveries have gathered companies have often found it hard to reinvent themselves around it.” themselves and thus survive profound technological change (think of Kodak or Blockbuster). In addition, Alfred Marshall: many national news publishers are viewed by Principles of Economics, 1890 the public with some mistrust (although mistrust for social media is much greater). Moreover, most national and regional news publishers are It is now 35 years since the dawn of the internet, generating good profits, with margins of 10% or and more than ten years since Steve Jobs more. But for several publishers, a large proportion brandished the first iPhone and predicted that it of those profits is being used to pay down debts or “changes everything”. But only in the past decade pension liabilities (as in the cases of Johnston Press have these epoch-making ideas begun to have and Reach/Trinity Mirror respectively).1 As a result, a serious impact on the main sources of high- they have reduced staffing, closed local offices, quality news: television, radio and above all, the and have less money available for investment in newspaper. The ways in which news is provided the substantial innovation that a successful digital and the ways people find and read it are changing future requires. more rapidly and radically than ever before. This digital revolution is bringing enormous potential The goal of the Review has not been to protect benefits to consumers, but is also challenging the news publishing companies themselves, but to future of news provision. advocate measures that will ensure the market in which they operate is efficient, and to defend their This Review was asked to consider the most democratically significant outputs. As such, sustainability of the production and distribution of the Review focused on the following two areas: high-quality journalism, and especially the future of the press, in this dramatically changing market. It First, is the market in which publishers now operate has looked at the overall state of the news media a fair one, or has the rapid growth of the big online market, the threats to the financial sustainability of platforms2 - especially Google and Facebook publishers, the impact of search engines and social - created distortions that justify government media platforms, and the role of digital advertising. intervention? The platforms now not only take a large share of the market for advertising, they The Review received a large body of evidence, and also provide the routes that many people use interviewed a wide range of people: journalists, to find news online. The Review offers some academics, entrepreneurs, and representatives of recommendations intended to create a better every corner of the industry. From the evidence, balance between publishers and platforms, and to the scale of the threat to the press was abundantly persuade the online platforms to use their position clear. The news publishing business is undergoing in more accountable ways. an extraordinary period of contraction in both of its main traditional sources of revenue: advertising and circulation. Cairncross Review | 5 Second, how should society continue to support The scale of change the monitoring of, and reporting on, the activities The most striking aspects of the change that is of public bodies not just in central government, but occurring are its speed and its extent. A majority also in localities: local councils, courts, inquests? of people - in the case of young people, a huge This area of reporting, which this Review calls majority - now reads the news entirely or mostly “public-interest news”, has always been one of online. In 2018, the Reuters Institute for the Study the most important functions of journalism, and of Journalism reported that 74% of UK adults used brings undeniable public benefit. At a national level, some online method each week to find news, it attracts considerable reader interest. However, and 91% of 18-24 year olds.3 Most online news at a local level, the story is different. Now that it is available for free and much of it is carried by is possible to see online how many people read aggregators such as Google News or Apple News, reports of local councils, for instance, it is all too posted on Facebook’s news feed, or sent from one evident that the numbers rarely justify the cost of person to another at the tap of a finger. This vastly sending a reporter. So here are activities which expanded availability of news, and the speed with are important public goods, essential to the which it can be found, is clearly something that preservation of an accountable democracy, with people value. poor market incentives for supply (and limited demand), but which it would be inappropriate for At the same time, sales of both national and the state to finance directly. local printed papers have plunged: they fell by roughly half between 2007 and 2017,4 and are still In considering recommendations, the Review dropping. In addition, print advertising revenues, has primarily looked for ways to help publishers which used to carry much of the cost of producing become self-sufficient: for ways to foster news, have fallen even faster, declining in a decade innovations in technology and in business models, by 69%.5 Small wonder so many news groups and to ensure sustainable private provision of are struggling, including digital-only groups like public-interest news. In the shorter term though, HuffPost and Buzzfeed, as well as many local more direct support from government may be newspaper publishers. To cut costs, there have necessary to ensure a minimal level of provision. been mergers, as well as heavy cuts in staffing: the Undoubtedly new institutions will also be required. number of full-time frontline journalists in the UK In conducting this Review, I have had the industry has dropped from an estimated 23,000 in support of a panel of advisers with experience of 2007, to 17,000 today, and the numbers are still different aspects of the news business, including swiftly declining.6 national and local papers, digital-only news, and Moreover, the switch to online has changed the advertising. I have also had considerable support way people find news and the way they absorb it. from DCMS and from Enders Analysis. I have met a They are much less likely to see the mixed bundle wide variety of people involved in the production of of politics, finance, entertainment and sport that news, in various parts of the advertising industry, at constitutes many papers, and more likely to see Google, Facebook, Apple and Twitter, and the other an individual story, chosen by a computer program main online outlets for news. I have conducted and not necessarily clearly labelled with the interviews across the UK, US and Brussels. I have name of a particular publisher. This “unbundled” also read the wide variety of replies to the Call experience has implications for the visibility of for Evidence. However, the views expressed are public-interest news and for trust ultimately my own. in news. Cairncross Review | 6 Yet the transformation has happened because Chapter 2 reports on the dramatic changes in the it offers people something they like: free and market for news: the fall in print circulation of both portable access to a vast array of news sources national and local papers, and the changes in the and stories, constantly updated and easily shared ways people now navigate to news online and the with others.
Load more

Recommended publications
  • US-CHINA TRADE WAR Uneasy Truce
    Xi Jinping and China’s new era Japan Emperor’s enthronement WeWork’s debacle MCI(P) 087/05/2019 November 2019 INDEPENDENT • INSIDER • INSIGHTS ON ASIA Best New Print Product and Best News Brand in Asia-Pacic, International News Media Association (INMA) Global Media Awards 2019 US-CHINA TRADE WAR Uneasy truce A partial trade deal is on the anvil for the world’s two leading superpowers. Will it be the breakthrough for global trade? Or, will hostilities prevail? WE BRING YOU SINGAPORE AND THE WORLD UP TO DATE IN THE KNOW News | Live blog | Mobile pushes Web specials | Newsletters | Microsites WhatsApp | SMS Special Features IN THE LOOP ON THE WATCH Facebook | Twitter | Instagram Videos | FB live | Live streams To subscribe to the free newsletters, go to str.sg/newsletters All newsletters connect you to stories on our straitstimes.com website. Data Digest Airlines’ emissions rising faster than predicted FLYING FREQUENTLY IS DAMAGING THE trajectory, aviation emissions could roughly environment at a rate far higher than estimated, triple by 2050, by which time aviation emissions says a new report by the United Nations’ might account for 25 per cent of the global carbon International Civil Aviation Organisation (ICAO). budget, it adds. Greenhouse gas emissions from commercial Flights within the Asia-Pacific region emitted aviation totalled 918 million tonnes last year, the largest share of passenger transport-related accounting for 2.4 per cent of global CO2 CO2 at 25 per cent of the global total. The leading emissions from fossil fuel use and a 32 per cent countries in this list are China, Japan, India and increase over the past five years.
    [Show full text]
  • Film Club Sky 328 Newsletter Freesat 306 FEB/MAR 2021 Virgin 445
    Freeview 81 Film Club Sky 328 newsletter Freesat 306 FEB/MAR 2021 Virgin 445 You can always call us V 0808 178 8212 Or 01923 290555 Dear Supporters of Film and TV History, It’s been really heart-warming to read all your lovely letters and emails of support about what Talking Pictures TV has meant to you during lockdown, it means so very much to us here in the projectionist’s box, thank you. So nice to feel we have helped so many of you in some small way. Spring is on the horizon, thank goodness, and hopefully better times ahead for us all! This month we are delighted to release the charming filmThe Angel Who Pawned Her Harp, the perfect tonic, starring Felix Aylmer & Diane Cilento, beautifully restored, with optional subtitles plus London locations in and around Islington such as Upper Street, Liverpool Road and the Regent’s Canal. We also have music from The Shadows, dearly missed Peter Vaughan’s brilliant book; the John Betjeman Collection for lovers of English architecture, a special DVD sale from our friends at Strawberry, British Pathé’s 1950 A Year to Remember, a special price on our box set of Together and the crossword is back! Also a brilliant book and CD set for fans of Skiffle and – (drum roll) – The Talking Pictures TV Limited Edition Baseball Cap is finally here – hand made in England! And much, much more. Talking Pictures TV continues to bring you brilliant premieres including our new Saturday Morning Pictures, 9am to 12 midday every Saturday. Other films to look forward to this month include Theirs is the Glory, 21 Days with Vivien Leigh & Laurence Olivier, Anthony Asquith’s Fanny By Gaslight, The Spanish Gardener with Dirk Bogarde, Nijinsky with Alan Bates, Woman Hater with Stewart Granger and Edwige Feuillère,Traveller’s Joy with Googie Withers, The Colour of Money with Paul Newman and Tom Cruise and Dangerous Davies, The Last Detective with Bernard Cribbins.
    [Show full text]
  • From Public Service Broadcasting to Public Service Media Gregory Ferrell Lowe & Jo Bardoel (Eds.)
    From Public Service Broadcasting to Public Service Media Gregory Ferrell Lowe & Jo Bardoel (eds.) RIPE @ 2007 NORDICOM From Public Service Broadcasting to Public Service Media From Public Service Broadcasting to Public Service Media Gregory Ferrell Lowe & Jo Bardoel (eds.) NORDICOM From Public Service Broadcasting to Public Service Media RIPE@2007 Gregory Ferrell Lowe & Jo Bardoel (eds.) © Editorial matters and selections, the editors; articles, individual con- tributors; Nordicom ISBN 978-91-89471-53-5 Published by: Nordicom Göteborg University Box 713 SE 405 30 GÖTEBORG Sweden Cover by: Roger Palmqvist Cover photo by: Arja Lento Printed by: Livréna AB, Kungälv, Sweden, 2007 Environmental certification according to ISO 14001 Contents Preface 7 Jo Bardoel and Gregory Ferrell Lowe From Public Service Broadcasting to Public Service Media. The Core Challenge 9 PSM platforms: POLICY & strategY Karol Jakubowicz Public Service Broadcasting in the 21st Century. What Chance for a New Beginning? 29 Hallvard Moe Commercial Services, Enclosure and Legitimacy. Comparing Contexts and Strategies for PSM Funding and Development 51 Andra Leurdijk Public Service Media Dilemmas and Regulation in a Converging Media Landscape 71 Steven Barnett Can the Public Service Broadcaster Survive? Renewal and Compromise in the New BBC Charter 87 Richard van der Wurff Focus on Audiences. Public Service Media in the Market Place 105 Teemu Palokangas The Public Service Entertainment Mission. From Historic Periphery to Contemporary Core 119 PSM PROGRAMMES: strategY & tacticS Yngvar Kjus Ideals and Complications in Audience Participation for PSM. Open Up or Hold Back? 135 Brian McNair Current Affairs in British Public Service Broadcasting. Challenges and Opportunities 151 Irene Costera Meijer ‘Checking, Snacking and Bodysnatching’.
    [Show full text]
  • Media: Industry Overview
    MEDIA: INDUSTRY OVERVIEW 7 This document is published by Practical Law and can be found at: uk.practicallaw.com/w-022-5168 Get more information on Practical Law and request a free trial at: www.practicallaw.com This note provides an overview of the sub-sectors within the UK media industry. RESOURCE INFORMATION by Lisbeth Savill, Clare Hardwick, Rachael Astin and Emma Pianta, Latham & Watkins, LLP RESOURCE ID w-022-5168 CONTENTS RESOURCE TYPE • Scope of this note • Publishing and the press Sector note • Film • Podcasts and digital audiobooks CREATED ON – Production • Advertising 13 November 2019 – Financing and distribution • Recorded music JURISDICTION • Television • Video games United Kingdom – Production • Radio – Linear and catch-up television • Social media – Video on-demand and video-sharing services • Media sector litigation SCOPE OF THIS NOTE This note provides an overview of the sub-sectors within the UK media industry. Although the note is broken down by sub-sector, in practice, many of these areas overlap in the converged media landscape. For more detailed notes on media industry sub-sectors, see: • Sector note, Recorded music industry overview. • Sector note, TV and fi lm industry overview. • Practice note, Video games industry overview. FILM Production Total UK spend on feature fi lms in 2017 was £2 billion (up 17% on 2016) (see British Film Institute (BFI): Statistical Yearbook 2018). Film production activity in the UK is driven by various factors, including infrastructure, facilities, availability of skills and creative talent and the incentive of fi lm tax relief (for further information, see Practice note, Film tax relief). UK-produced fi lms can broadly be sub-divided into independent fi lms, UK studio-backed fi lms and non-UK fi lms made in the UK.
    [Show full text]
  • In the Court of Chancery of the State of Delaware Karen Sbriglio, Firemen’S ) Retirement System of St
    EFiled: Aug 06 2021 03:34PM EDT Transaction ID 66784692 Case No. 2018-0307-JRS IN THE COURT OF CHANCERY OF THE STATE OF DELAWARE KAREN SBRIGLIO, FIREMEN’S ) RETIREMENT SYSTEM OF ST. ) LOUIS, CALIFORNIA STATE ) TEACHERS’ RETIREMENT SYSTEM, ) CONSTRUCTION AND GENERAL ) BUILDING LABORERS’ LOCAL NO. ) 79 GENERAL FUND, CITY OF ) BIRMINGHAM RETIREMENT AND ) RELIEF SYSTEM, and LIDIA LEVY, derivatively on behalf of Nominal ) C.A. No. 2018-0307-JRS Defendant FACEBOOK, INC., ) ) Plaintiffs, ) PUBLIC INSPECTION VERSION ) FILED AUGUST 6, 2021 v. ) ) MARK ZUCKERBERG, SHERYL SANDBERG, PEGGY ALFORD, ) ) MARC ANDREESSEN, KENNETH CHENAULT, PETER THIEL, JEFFREY ) ZIENTS, ERSKINE BOWLES, SUSAN ) DESMOND-HELLMANN, REED ) HASTINGS, JAN KOUM, ) KONSTANTINOS PAPAMILTIADIS, ) DAVID FISCHER, MICHAEL ) SCHROEPFER, and DAVID WEHNER ) ) Defendants, ) -and- ) ) FACEBOOK, INC., ) ) Nominal Defendant. ) SECOND AMENDED VERIFIED STOCKHOLDER DERIVATIVE COMPLAINT TABLE OF CONTENTS Page(s) I. SUMMARY OF THE ACTION...................................................................... 5 II. JURISDICTION AND VENUE ....................................................................19 III. PARTIES .......................................................................................................20 A. Plaintiffs ..............................................................................................20 B. Director Defendants ............................................................................26 C. Officer Defendants ..............................................................................28
    [Show full text]
  • ASD-Covert-Foreign-Money.Pdf
    overt C Foreign Covert Money Financial loopholes exploited by AUGUST 2020 authoritarians to fund political interference in democracies AUTHORS: Josh Rudolph and Thomas Morley © 2020 The Alliance for Securing Democracy Please direct inquiries to The Alliance for Securing Democracy at The German Marshall Fund of the United States 1700 18th Street, NW Washington, DC 20009 T 1 202 683 2650 E [email protected] This publication can be downloaded for free at https://securingdemocracy.gmfus.org/covert-foreign-money/. The views expressed in GMF publications and commentary are the views of the authors alone. Cover and map design: Kenny Nguyen Formatting design: Rachael Worthington Alliance for Securing Democracy The Alliance for Securing Democracy (ASD), a bipartisan initiative housed at the German Marshall Fund of the United States, develops comprehensive strategies to deter, defend against, and raise the costs on authoritarian efforts to undermine and interfere in democratic institutions. ASD brings together experts on disinformation, malign finance, emerging technologies, elections integrity, economic coercion, and cybersecurity, as well as regional experts, to collaborate across traditional stovepipes and develop cross-cutting frame- works. Authors Josh Rudolph Fellow for Malign Finance Thomas Morley Research Assistant Contents Executive Summary �������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������� 1 Introduction and Methodology ��������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������
    [Show full text]
  • Subsidizing the News? Organizational Press Releases' Influence on News Media's Agenda and Content Boumans, J
    UvA-DARE (Digital Academic Repository) Subsidizing the news? Organizational press releases' influence on news media's agenda and content Boumans, J. DOI 10.1080/1461670X.2017.1338154 Publication date 2018 Document Version Final published version Published in Journalism Studies License CC BY-NC-ND Link to publication Citation for published version (APA): Boumans, J. (2018). Subsidizing the news? Organizational press releases' influence on news media's agenda and content. Journalism Studies, 19(15), 2264-2282. https://doi.org/10.1080/1461670X.2017.1338154 General rights It is not permitted to download or to forward/distribute the text or part of it without the consent of the author(s) and/or copyright holder(s), other than for strictly personal, individual use, unless the work is under an open content license (like Creative Commons). Disclaimer/Complaints regulations If you believe that digital publication of certain material infringes any of your rights or (privacy) interests, please let the Library know, stating your reasons. In case of a legitimate complaint, the Library will make the material inaccessible and/or remove it from the website. Please Ask the Library: https://uba.uva.nl/en/contact, or a letter to: Library of the University of Amsterdam, Secretariat, Singel 425, 1012 WP Amsterdam, The Netherlands. You will be contacted as soon as possible. UvA-DARE is a service provided by the library of the University of Amsterdam (https://dare.uva.nl) Download date:27 Sep 2021 SUBSIDIZING THE NEWS? Organizational press releases’ influence on news media’s agenda and content Jelle Boumans The relation between organizational press releases and newspaper content has generated consider- able attention.
    [Show full text]
  • Digital News Report 2018 Reuters Institute for the Study of Journalism / Digital News Report 2018 2 2 / 3
    1 Reuters Institute Digital News Report 2018 Reuters Institute for the Study of Journalism / Digital News Report 2018 2 2 / 3 Reuters Institute Digital News Report 2018 Nic Newman with Richard Fletcher, Antonis Kalogeropoulos, David A. L. Levy and Rasmus Kleis Nielsen Supported by Surveyed by © Reuters Institute for the Study of Journalism Reuters Institute for the Study of Journalism / Digital News Report 2018 4 Contents Foreword by David A. L. Levy 5 3.12 Hungary 84 Methodology 6 3.13 Ireland 86 Authorship and Research Acknowledgements 7 3.14 Italy 88 3.15 Netherlands 90 SECTION 1 3.16 Norway 92 Executive Summary and Key Findings by Nic Newman 8 3.17 Poland 94 3.18 Portugal 96 SECTION 2 3.19 Romania 98 Further Analysis and International Comparison 32 3.20 Slovakia 100 2.1 The Impact of Greater News Literacy 34 3.21 Spain 102 2.2 Misinformation and Disinformation Unpacked 38 3.22 Sweden 104 2.3 Which Brands do we Trust and Why? 42 3.23 Switzerland 106 2.4 Who Uses Alternative and Partisan News Brands? 45 3.24 Turkey 108 2.5 Donations & Crowdfunding: an Emerging Opportunity? 49 Americas 2.6 The Rise of Messaging Apps for News 52 3.25 United States 112 2.7 Podcasts and New Audio Strategies 55 3.26 Argentina 114 3.27 Brazil 116 SECTION 3 3.28 Canada 118 Analysis by Country 58 3.29 Chile 120 Europe 3.30 Mexico 122 3.01 United Kingdom 62 Asia Pacific 3.02 Austria 64 3.31 Australia 126 3.03 Belgium 66 3.32 Hong Kong 128 3.04 Bulgaria 68 3.33 Japan 130 3.05 Croatia 70 3.34 Malaysia 132 3.06 Czech Republic 72 3.35 Singapore 134 3.07 Denmark 74 3.36 South Korea 136 3.08 Finland 76 3.37 Taiwan 138 3.09 France 78 3.10 Germany 80 SECTION 4 3.11 Greece 82 Postscript and Further Reading 140 4 / 5 Foreword Dr David A.
    [Show full text]
  • In the Supreme Court of the United States
    No. 17-965 In the S upreme Court of the United States DONALD J. TRUMP , PRESIDENT OF THE UNITED STATES , ET AL ., petitioners v. STATE OF HAWAII , ET AL ., respondents On Writ of Certiorari to the United States Court of Appeals for the Ninth Circuit BRIEF OF AMICI CURIAE EVAN MCMULLIN, ANNE APPLEBAUM, MAX BOOT, LINDA CHAVEZ, ELIOT COHEN, MINDY FINN, JULEANNA GLOVER, NORMAN ORNSTEIN, MICHAEL STEELE, CHARLIE SYKES, AND JERRY TAYLOR IN SUPPORT OF RESPONDENTS R. REEVES ANDERSON JOHN B. BELLINGER , III ARNOLD & PORTER Counsel of Record KAYE SCHOLER LLP ELLIOTT C. MOGUL 370 Seventeenth St. KAITLIN KONKEL Suite 4400 ARNOLD & PORTER Denver, CO 80202 KAYE SCHOLER LLP (303) 863-1000 601 Mass. Ave., NW Washington, DC 20001 (202) 942-5000 [email protected] Counsel for Amici Curiae TABLE OF CONTENTS Page Interest of Amici Curiae .............................................. 1 Introduction and Summary of Argument ................... 2 Argument ..................................................................... 4 I. EO-3 contravenes the prohibition on nationality-based discrimination that Congress, with support from almost all Republicans, adopted in 1965 ................................ 5 A. Congress intended to eliminate “all vestiges of discrimination against any national group” from our immigration system ............................................................... 6 1. Members of both parties, and Republicans in particular, strenuously repudiated the discriminatory policies that predated the 1965 Act ......................... 7 2. The 1965 Act rectified missteps in U.S. immigration policy ............................ 12 3. The principles underlying the 1965 Act are now fundamental to our national identity ........................................ 16 B. EO-3 runs afoul of Congress’s nondiscrimination guarantee ......................... 18 II. The President may not substitute his alternative policy judgments for Congress’s comprehensive statutory immigration scheme ..
    [Show full text]
  • Beijing Hits Back After US Treasury Labels China a Currency Manipulator
    BUSINESS WITH PERSONALITY HEARTBREAK BLAST FROM THE PAST HOTEL WHEN A NEW SUPERCHARGED HOLIDAYS GO £90K CLASSIC MINI P18 WRONG P17 WEDNESDAY 7 AUGUST 2019 ISSUE 3,430 CITYAM.COM FREE CRYIN’ KING Disney investors GOVE POINTS tearful despite box office success THE FINGER CATHERINEAT NEILAN BRUSSELSthe backing of the Commons. ratification of the withdrawal agree- “We can’t have a deal that doesn’t ment, or further extension or revoca- @CatNeilan command the confidence of the gov- tion of Article 50... [I am] certainly not THE UK has accused the EU of refusing ernment, the parliament and the fatalistic about that. to budge on Brexit negotiations and in- country and that is why we have been “Our position is that the withdrawal sisted the bloc “must change its clear with the European Union that agreement, including the backstop is stance” if a no-deal exit is to be dodged. we need a new approach,” he closed, but there is always room for Ireland’s Leo Varadkar yesterday responded. talks and negotiations. We have said said he was confident a no-deal Brexit “We stand ready to engage with the we can certainly make changes to the could still be avoided, despite EU to negotiate in good faith… political declaration, and we have Prime Minister Boris Johnson We will put all our energy demonstrated before to offer clarifica- stressing the UK will leave into making sure we can tions as we did at the request of Prime the European Union “do secure that good deal. Minister May in the past.” or die”, come 31 Octo- “At the moment it’s Yesterday the pound hit its lowest ber.
    [Show full text]
  • VOLUME II Public School Code of 1949 Goods and Services Expenditures Fiscal Year 2017-2018
    Public School Code of 1949 Goods and Services Expenditures Fiscal Year 2017-2018 VOLUME II Temple University Financial Disclosure Report Purchase of Goods and Services Contracts Notes and Definitions The following report provides the required disclosures for reporting the purchase of goods and services contracts. The University’s Banner Finance System does not include data enabling the distinction between the purchases of goods and services. Therefore, a single report is provided that includes both. Expenditures are categorized in the attached report using the following categories: General Supplies & Services: o General supplies, expendable equipment and software. Health Service Programs: o Animal lab, professional billing and other outside professional services. Insurance: o Malpractice, property, general liability, and employees insurances. Interest & Taxes: o Bond interest, real estate tax and debt service costs. Library: o Books, electronic periodicals, subscriptions and film. Professional Fees & Contracts: o Auditing, legal and collection fees and subcontracts. Property, Plant & Equipment: o Capital equipment, buildings and building improvements. Rent: o Equipment, building and office rentals. Repairs & Maintenance: o Equipment repair, maintenance of buildings and grounds. Telecommunications: o Telephone equipment, data communications and cellular services. Travel: o Travel agency fees, foreign and domestic travel expenses. Utilities: o Electric, gas, water, sewer, steam, chilled water and other miscellaneous utilities expenses. Each entry provides the category into which the purchase falls, the vendor name and address and the amount of the purchase. There is no more than one entry per vendor for a single category within a responsibility center. Purchases of goods and services in the Disclosure Report include those which equal or exceed $1,000 for each vendor from all Budgeted Operating Funds including Temple University Physicians.
    [Show full text]
  • 2019-2020 Reports of the Permanent Committees and Agencies and Special Committees of the General Assembly of the Presbyterian Church in America
    2019-2020 REPORTS OF THE PERMANENT COMMITTEES AND AGENCIES AND SPECIAL COMMITTEES OF THE GENERAL ASSEMBLY OF THE PRESBYTERIAN CHURCH IN AMERICA Submitted for the FORTY-EIGHTH GENERAL ASSEMBLY OF THE PRESBYTERIAN CHURCH IN AMERICA June 16-29, 2020 Birmingham, Alabama POSTPONED Until Date to be Decided Published by the Office of the Stated Clerk of the General Assembly of the Presbyterian Church in America Lawrenceville, Georgia 2020 PREFACE Due to the COVID-19 pandemic that emerged in the United States in early 2020, the 48th General Assembly, scheduled to meet June 16-29, 2020, in Birmingham, Alabama, was postponed until a date to be decided later. Consequently, no annual volume of the Minutes of General Assembly was published in 2020. The reports in this volume were originally prepared for the 2020 Commissioner Handbook in anticipation of the 2020 48th General Assembly. With the postponement of that Assembly due to the Covid-19 pandemic, the decision was made to post the reports on the General Assembly website so our PCA people could be informed about the work of our General Assembly ministries throughout the 2019-20 year. They are now provided in this volume for informational purposes and the historical record of the denomination. Please note that the “Recommendations” at the end of these reports will not be acted upon until the 48th General Assembly meets. Each of the Permanent Committees and Agencies and other GA committees will submit a new report for the rescheduled 48th General Assembly with new Recommendations. Note also that the Committee and Agency budgets included in the Administrative Committee report have not been approved because of the postponement of General Assembly.
    [Show full text]